User's Manual TRAX

WWW.MEGGER.COM 2015 V02b AJ0383BE Doc. ZP-AJ01E Art No. Transformer and Substation Test System Test and Substation Transformer TRAX User’s Manual User’s

TRAX Transformer and Substation Test System User’s Manual

NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT & PROPRIETARY RIGHTS © 2015, Megger Sweden AB. All rights reserved. The contents of this manual are the property of Megger Sweden AB. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, except as permitted in written license agreement with Megger Sweden AB. Megger Sweden AB has made every reasonable attempt to ensure the completeness and accuracy of this document. However, the information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice, and does not represent a commitment on the part of Megger Sweden AB. Any attached hardware schematics and technical descriptions, or software listings that disclose source code, are for informational purposes only. Reproduction in whole or in part to create working hardware or software for other than Megger Sweden AB products is strictly prohibited, except as permitted by written license agreement with Megger Sweden AB. TRADEMARK NOTICES Megger® and Programma® are trademarks registered in the U.S. and other countries. All other brand and product names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Megger Sweden AB is certified according to ISO 9001 and 14001.

Postal address: Visiting address: Megger Sweden AB Megger Sweden AB Box 724 Rinkebyvägen 19 SE-182 17 DANDERYD SE-182 36 DANDERYD SWEDEN SWEDEN T +46 8 510 195 00 [email protected] F +46 8 510 195 95 www.megger.com

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 3 Contents

1 Introduction Power transformer turns-ratio measurements...... 25 ...... 6 CT excitation current...... 25 1.1 Product description...... 6 CT ratio with voltage...... 25 CT ratio with current...... 26 1.2 Features and benefits...... 6 Voltage withstand measurements...... 26 User interface...... 6 4.4 Contact Resistance ...... 27 Applications...... 6 Safety...... 27 1.3 Warranty...... 7 Settings...... 27 Receiving Instructions...... 7 Connection for measurement...... 28 Warranty repair...... 7 Dual ground measurements...... 28 2 Safety 4.5 Winding resistance ...... 28 ...... 8 Safety...... 28 2.1 General...... 8 Controls for tap changer operation...... 28 Symbols ...... 8 Settings...... 29 Warning and Caution Notices...... 8 Connection for measurement...... 30 Open ground detection...... 8 4.6 Demagnetization...... 31 Instrument safety...... 8 Safety...... 31 2.2 Safety instructions...... 9 Step-by-step instructions...... 31 Maintenance...... 10 4.7 Transformer turns ratio...... 32 3 Controls, indicators and connectors... 12 Safety...... 32 3.1 Side panel...... 12 Settings...... 32 3.2 Top panel...... 13 Step-by-step instructions...... 33 Screen and knob...... 13 4.8 Excitation current ...... 34 Communication and safety...... 13 Safety...... 34 Transducer, binary outputs and timing...... 13 Settings...... 34 Analog inputs...... 14 Step-by-step instructions...... 34 4 Operating instructions 4.9 Short-circuit impedance / Leakage ...... 16 reactance...... 35 Safety...... 35 4.1 Start-up screen...... 16 Step-by-step instructions...... 35 Turn off TRAX...... 16 Global settings...... 16 5 Data handling and reporting...... 36 GUI Settings...... 16 5.1 General...... 36 Instruments...... 17 5.2 Test object configuration...... 36 4.2 Manual Control ...... 19 No configuration – ”quick mode”...... 36 Safety...... 19 Test configuration...... 36 Control knob...... 20 5.3 Save and report...... 37 Generator settings...... 20 Save a test in a report file...... 37 Instrument settings...... 20 Load a report...... 37 4.3 Manual control application examples ...... 23 Report view...... 38 Safety...... 23 5.4 TRAX logfile...... 39 Resistance measurements...... 23 6 Remote control and communication Excitation current (impedance) measurements...... 24 ports...... 40 Short-circuit/leakage reactance measurements...... 24 6.1 Communication ports...... 40 Zero-sequence impedance measurements...... 24

4 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

6.2 Remote control...... 40 Connecting a device to TRAX...... 40 Simulation mode...... 40 7 Upgrading TRAX ...... 42 7.1 Upgrading...... 42 Upgrading via Internet...... 42 Upgrading via USB...... 42 8 Specifications ...... 44 Specifications TRAX...... 44 Index...... 46

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 5 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Product description 1.2 Features and benefits TRAX is a unique test system for testing power ▪▪Multi function system for transformer/substation transformers, CTs, VTs, and many other substation testing components. A variety of voltage and current levels ▪▪Outstanding flexibility for selecting output current can be generated and measured with high precision or voltage signals for various tests which allows the test system to be used for a wide range of applications such as ratio, excitation, resist- ▪▪State of art measurement methods for advanced ance, impedance and primary measurements of power diagnostic testing system components. ▪▪Compact and lightweight

User interface TRAX user interface architecture is based on a number of individual apps/instruments dedicated for a specific measurements or application. For manual testing, a generic instrument, Manual Control, is available where the user selects output, measurement inputs and how the data should be processed. For testing complete power products e.g. power transformers, measurement results from different instruments can be stored and reported for the specific object.

Applications A variety of voltage and current levels can be generated and measured with high precision which allows the test system to be used for a wide range of applications. Examples are:

▪▪Power transformer ▪▪Current transformer ▪▪Voltage transformer ▪▪Resistance testing ▪▪Primary testing

6 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 1 Introduction 1.3 Warranty Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year following shipment. Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at our option, defective equipment. This warranty does not include batteries, lamps or other expendable items, where the original manufacturer’s warranty shall apply. We make no other warranty. The warranty is void in the event of negligence abuse (failure to follow recommended operating procedures) or failure by the customer to perform specific maintenance as indicated in this manual.

Receiving Instructions ▪▪Check the equipment received against the packing list to ensure that all materials are present. Notify Megger of any shortage. ▪▪Examine the instrument for damage received in transit. If damage is discovered, file a claim with the carrier at once and notify Megger, giving a detailed description of the damage. ▪▪This instrument has been thoroughly tested and inspected to meet rigid specifications before being shipped. It is ready for use when set up as indicated in this user manual.

Warranty repair Equipment returned to the factory for repair must be shipped prepaid and insured. Contact your Megger representative for instructions and a return authorization (RA) number. Please indicate all pertinent information, including problem symptoms. Also specify the serial number and the catalog number of the unit.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 7 2 Safety 2 Safety 2.1 General Caution Important Caution, as used in this manual, is defined as Read and comply with the following in- a condition or practice which could result in structions. damage to or destruction of the equipment or Always comply with local safety regula- apparatus under test. tions. Open ground detection

Symbols 1. The unit has an open ground detection circuit Caution, refer to accompanying docu- with gives alarm if the mains outlet ground ments. is missing or different from the station/test specimen ground. The alarm can be configured by the user to give an alarm only or actually lock Protective conductor terminal. the unit and prohibit any test signal generation. 2. The mains outlet must have a PE, protective earth (ground) connected to station ground. Normally mains outlet PE is connected to station Ground ground. If that is not the case there are two For connecting an additional ground between the main unit and alternatives: accessories or to ground external objects e.g. optional trolley. ▪▪In compliance with local safety regulations and permits, use an isolation transformer Open ground = the ground Loop where the secondary side Earth/Ground is Detector will indicate that the separate GROUND on the side panel is not con- to be connected to station ground using a nected to ground. separate ground cable (not via TRAX unit!) ▪▪In compliance with local safety regulations and permits, use a temporary grounding and WEEE, Waste Electrical and Electronic connect mains outlet ground with station Equipment. Please utilize your local WEEE collection facilities in the dispo- ground. sition of this product and otherwise observe all applicable requirements. Instrument safety Warning and Caution Notices 1. This instrument operates from a single-phase power source. It has two-pole terminal with Warning and caution notices are used throughout ground connector and requires a two-pole, 16A, this manual where applicable and should be strictly three-terminal, live, neutral, and ground type observed. These notices appear in the format shown connector. The voltage of the power source below and are defined as follows: must be within the following rated operating voltage: 100-240 V ± 10 %, 47 / 63 Hz. Warning 2. Before making connection to the power source, Warning, as used in this manual, is defined as determine that the instrument rating matches a condition or practice which could result in the voltage of the power source and has a suita- personal injury or loss of life. ble two-pole terminal with ground connector.

8 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 2 Safety

3. The power input plug must be inserted only 2.2 Safety instructions into a mating receptacle with a ground contact. Do not bypass the grounding connection. Any 1. The test set and the specimen to which it is interruption of the grounding connection can connected are a possible source of high-voltage create an electric shock hazard. Determine that electrical energy and all persons making or the receptacle is properly wired before inserting assisting in tests must use all safety practice the plug. precautions to prevent contact with energized parts of the test equipment and related circuits. 2. Persons actually engaged in the test must stand clear of all parts of the complete high-voltage circuit, including all connections, unless the test set is de-energized and all parts of the test circuit are grounded. Persons not directly involved with the work must be kept away from test activities by suitable barriers, barricades, or warnings. 3. Treat all terminals of high-voltage power equipment as a potential electric shock hazard. There is always the potential of voltages being induced at these terminals because of proximity to energized high-voltage lines or equipment. 4. Always ground both sides of the test specimen before connecting any leads from the test set. Whenever possible, always keep one side of the test specimen grounded at all times. Always use a safety ground stick to ground any high-voltage conductor. Always disconnect test leads from power equipment before attempting to disconnect them from the test set. The ground connection must be the first made and the last removed. Any interruption of the grounding connection can create an electric shock hazard. 5. It is not possible to eliminate all potential hazards from, and in using, electrical test equipment. For this reason, every effort has been made to point out in this instruction manual the proper procedures and precautions to be followed by the user in operating this equipment and to mark the equipment itself with precautionary warnings where appropriate. It is not possible to foresee every hazard which may occur in the various applications of this equipment. It is therefore essential that the user, in addition to following the safety rules in this manual, also carefully consider all safety aspects of the test before proceeding. 6. High-voltage discharges and other sources of strong electric or magnetic fields may interfere with the proper functioning of heart pacemakers. Persons with heart pacemakers should obtain expert advice on the possible risks before operating this equipment or being close to the equipment during operation.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 9 2 Safety

7. All persons making or assisting in tests must Maintenance use all practical safety precautions to prevent 1. DISCONNECT the MAINS plug before any contact with energized parts of the test equip- cleaning or maintenance. ment and related circuits. Also follow all local and company safety requirements. Persons 2. Maintenance should be performed only by actually engaged in the test must stand clear of qualified personnel familiar with the hazards all parts of the complete high- voltage circuit, involved with high-voltage test equipment. including all connections, unless the test set is 3. Read and understand Safety in the User Manual de-energized and all parts of the test circuit are before performing any service. grounded. Persons not directly involved with the 4. Routine maintenance is all that is required for work must be kept away from test activities by these test sets. The cables and connector panel suitable barriers, barricades, or warnings. should be inspected frequently to be sure all 8. Safety is the responsibility of the user. connections are tight and all ground connec- 9. Misuse of this high-voltage equipment can be tions intact. extremely dangerous. 5. The appearance of the test set can be main- 10. The purpose of this equipment is limited to use tained by occasional cleaning of the case, as described in this manual. Do not use the panel and cable assemblies. The outside of the equipment or its accessories with any device carrying case can be cleaned with detergent and other than specifically described. water. Dry with a clean, dry cloth. The control panel can be cleaned with a cloth dampened 11. Make sure that the instrument is properly with detergent and water. Do not allow water grounded, both through its AC power cord and to penetrate panel holes, because damage to through the ground connector. The AC power components on the underside may occur. A cord is the disconnecting device. household all-purpose spray cleaner can be used 12. Before making any connections, make sure that to clean the panel. Polish with a soft, dry cloth, the instrument is de-energized and that all parts taking care not to scratch the display screen of the test circuit are properly grounded. cover. The cables and mating panel receptacles 13. Never connect more than one output at the can be cleaned with isopropyl or denatured time. All outputs are energized by the same alcohol applied with a clean cloth. amplifier and therefore all outputs are energized simultaneously. 14. Always disconnect test leads from test specimen before attempting to disconnect them at the test set. 15. The ground connection on the test set must be the first made and the last removed. Any interruption of the grounding connection can create an electric shock hazard. 16. Operation is prohibited in rain or snow. 17. Do not use the test set in an explosive atmosphere. 18. A qualified operator should be in attendance at all times while the test equipment is in operation. 19. Observe all safety warnings marked on the equipment. 20. Corrective maintenance must only be performed by qualified personnel who are familiar with the design and operation of the test set and the hazards involved.

10 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 3 Controls, indicators and connectors

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 11 3 Controls, indicators and connectors Controls, indicators and 3 connectors 3.1 Side panel

7 1 8 2

3 4 9

5 10

12 6

1. 0-2200 V AC 11. Mains >265 V AC 1 A (max 1 minute). The output is additionally LED is lit if mains voltage exceeds 265 V. An elec- disconnected with a relay and the output is “live” tronic protection switches off the generation. only when this generator is selected. 12. MAINS INPUT 100-240 V AC, 16 A, 50/60 Hz 2. 0-250 V AC / 0-10 A Single phase + Ground. 10 A (max 1 min) 3. 0-16 A DC 13. Safety ground 0-16 A continuous For connecting an additional ground between 4. 0-300 V DC the main unit and accessories or to ground exter- Rectified AC, max 10 A for 1 minute nal objects e.g. optional trolley. 5. 0-100 A DC 100 A (max 2 minutes, continuous 70 A) WARNING 6. 0-200 A AC / 0-800 A AC TRAX 220: 0-200 A (6 V), TRAX 208: 0-800 A (6 V) The outputs 2 and 6 are connected inter- 7. AUX CONTROL nally to the same output transformer and Ethernet communication and power (54 V DC) to should be considered “live” when one of accessories. the outputs is activated. 8. F1 F2 Never connect more than one output at a Main fuses 25 A time. 9. POWER Output 0-235 V AC directly from power amplifier All test objects must be grounded at one for powering accessories, TRAX TDX and TRAX end at all times to minimize risks for high TCX. voltage interference entering the instru- 10. Ground ment. To be connected to the test object ground before connecting any other cables to the unit.

12 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 3 Controls, indicators and connectors

3.2 Top panel 3. INTERLOCK 2 Manual interlock. If activated, the power amplifier shuts off when the interlock is open. Screen and knob Note Interlock 2 can not be deactivated for 2.2 kV output and when using the TDX120 acces- sory. 4. Ground Loop Indicator This yellow LED will indicate if the GROUND connector on the side panel is not connected to the same external ground as the mains outlet. See section “Safety” for details. 5. INTERLOCK 1 Fixed interlock with key switch. If the key is in the OFF position, or is not in the unit, the power amplifier is OFF. 6. Connector for Wifi antenna, making it possible to run the instrument wireless from a PC or tablet (option). 1 2 7. Communication Speaker 1. Capacitive touch screen. Beeper under the panel for sound indicator. 2. Knob for controlling selected output generator. 8. ON / OFF Press to change value for the incremental steps Press button for 1 second and the instrument will (e.g. 1 V, 2 V, 5 V, 0.1 V). start. Press for 3 seconds and the instrument will Also used as pairing device when connecting shut off. TRAX for external control via Ethernet or Wifi. 9. STROBE External strobe is optional, but when connected, Communication and safety it will flash while generating voltage/current. 10. SAFE Green LED indicates that the instrument is in a safe state for connecting and disconnecting of 1 6 cables. 2 11. ACTIVE Indicator Red LED continuous light – Instrument is ready 7 for generating voltage/current (armed). Red LED flashes – Instrument is generating a voltage or current or discharging an inductive circuit after a DC test (winding resistance measurements). 8 12. EMERGENCY Stop button

Transducer, binary outputs and 3 9 timing

10 4 11

5 12

1 2 3 4 1. Ethernet port for running the instrument from an external PC or connect it to an external net- 1. TRANS work. General input for analog transducers and low level analog signals e.g. motion transducers, 2. Three USB ports for multipurpose use: USB mem- Rogowski output etc. ory stick, external mouse or keyboard. 2. CONTROL close/open contacts for OLTC and circuit-breaker control (up-down, close-trip)

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 13 3 Controls, indicators and connectors

3. TRIG IN External trig input 4. TIMING Binary inputs for timing measurements in timer and relay testing applications. A and B inputs dedicated for Start and Stop.

Analog inputs 1 2

1. VOLTAGE INPUTS Four channels 0-250 V AC, 0-350 V DC 2. CURRENT INPUTS Four channels 0-10 A AC, 0-10 A DC Note Voltage and current cannot be measured on the same channel simultaneously.

3. FUSES 4 x 500 mA/25 V AC fast, can be changed from the outside, protects the low current gain shunt. Inside the top panel, there are 4 x 15 A/250 V AC fast fuses for the high current gain step 4. DC INPUTS These two channels (R1 & R2) are designed for measuring low DC voltage when measuring contact and winding resistance, using the 100 A or 16 A DC current outputs. If the units are used for measuring AC, max input is 40 V RMS. 5. LED INDICATORS Red LED’s indicate which channel to connect to depending on what software instruments is used.

14 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 15 4 Operating instructions 4 Operating instructions

4.1 Start-up screen Restart the TRAX SW (but not the HW)

1] Press for one second to turn on TRAX. Note When TRAX is operated from a Restart PC, shortcut key F5 can also be used for restart

Information; SW version, internal temperatures etc

About

Turn off TRAX 1] Press for 3 seconds to turn off TRAX.

Global settings 1] Press for the global settings. 2] Press the button “+ GUI Settings” A window with the following fields opens. Selecting test instrument. If this is the first instrument selected after starting the unit, TRAX prepares itself for a new Instrument test session. If previous tests are performed, TRAX continues with the same session (see section “Data handling and reporting”) New test file/report

New Load a previous test session/report

Load Opens the dialog for reading and downloading TRAX logfiles with single measurements (see section “Data GUI Settings Logging handling and reporting”) Generic Global settings for all instruments Standards ANSI or IEC Bushing ANSI, IEC, Australian IEC, Custom Global labels naming settings Keypads Virtual keyboard can be turned on or off (e.g. when using external computer). Theme Change GUI color scheme

16 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

Line 60, 50, 25 or 16 2/3 Hz Network frequency Settings for TRAX remote operation. Not available Test by Test tables are organized by tap or in offline mode. winding. Reversed Test tables are organized with mid- Report order for phase in reversed tap order. next tap Test object Define naming for The first ID fields in the report. Buzzer On/Off Headers Select fields to be used for identifica- Autosave On/Off fields tion in TRAX. In autosave mode every measurement result and test table are automatically Safety saved to file/report. If off, measurements and tests are saved by the Interlock Interlock 2 can be selected as manda- user. If changes are not saved, TRAX tory for all TRAX generators/outputs. If will ask for saving before closing an turned off, interlock 2 is only mandato- app or report. ry for 2 kV generator. Remember Remember last means that TRAX Ground Can be turned on/off for all generators settings starts with settings and configuration loop except 2 kV as in the last performed individual detector measurements and configuration. Note: Settings are not available in offline mode In default setting, TRAX starts with factory settings. About (Not visible in offline mode). HW and SW version information Internal temperature information (not available in offline Regional mode) Language Select language Legal information Keyboard Select language for on-screen keyboard Instruments Decimal Select point or comma 1] Press to access the different instru- separator ments. Time Hours:minutes:seconds in 24 or 12 format hour format Date Select yyyy-mm-dd or mm/dd/yyyy format

Custom labels Define specific terminal naming

Updates Release Select release version Advanced Opens a list of available versions Download Get the selected file Create Copy the update file to USB (remote PC only) Install Selected update is installed (TRAX only)

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 17 4 Operating instructions

My TRAX In “My TRAX”you can place TRAX Excitation current instrument is your favourite instruments used for measuring current and im- for easy access. pedance on one side of a transformer Power Transformer Instruments suitible for Exitation with the opposite windings open. testing power transformers. current Current Transformer Instruments suitible for TRAX Short-circuit Impedance/Leakage testing current transformers. Reactance instrument is intended for Voltage transformer Instruments suitible for impedance measurements on the HV testing voltage transformers. Short side of the transformer with the LV Substation Instruments suitible for gen- circuit side shorted. eral testing in substations. impedance Demagnetization of transformer 2] The instruments shown under each tab can core, recommended before and after be selected by pressing testing a transformer and in particular Demag before excitation current and/or SFRA measurements. Manual Control is used to operate TRAX in manual mode.

Manual Control

Top menu buttons

Home

Report view

For selecting instruments to be shown under respectively menu tab.

Short instrument description

The winding resistance instrument is used for measuring DC resistance in transformer windings and other Winding objects with high inductance. resistance Turns ratio measurements on transformer windings (TTR).

Turn ratio Contact resistance is used for DC low resistance measurements on resistive loads. Contact resistance

18 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions 4.2 Manual Control Measurement channel selection Safety Calculated parameters Important Read and comply with the safety instructions “2 Safety” on page 8. Oscilloscope Always comply with local safety regulations. Information; SW version, internal temperatures etc. 1] Press Output generators and input channels can be selected Help on screen e.g. wiring diagrams. to perform a variety of measurements. Saves the test results to report/file. If it is the first test TRAX will ask for filename TIP and location All generators and analog measurement Starts a new test for the same test session. channels except transducer and timing The new test will be reported as a new Table channels can be accessed from Manual if Manual Control is used for various tests Control. that you want to save and report as separate tests. Displays the individual measurements in the test in a table format. Click one more time to return to the control view. Tick the checkbox to hold / freeze values for reading without capture data to the test. The + button operate the output contact Ch 1. The – button operate the output contact Ch 2. Activating + or – buttons closes the contact for about 500 ms. After one operation the contacts are blocked for about 2 seconds before the next operation is possible. When the button is pressed, TRAX performs a measurement while the test signal continues Start and stop the generator. Output signals and selected measurement signals are continuously displayed and Home updated on the analog meters and in the results. When the generator is stopped, meas- Report urement data and calculated parameters are (default) automatically captured and displayed and added to the test. Instruments

Generator settings

Instrument settings

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 19 4 Operating instructions

Control knob decreased back to zero. Ramp and hold times are selectable.

Note The Manual Control is not designed for resistance measurements on inductive loads. If Manual Control is used for this, manual setting with small and slow adjustment of test current should be used. For measuring highly The on screen knob is used in a similar way as the inductive loads, e.g. transformer windings, the knob on panel. winding resistance instrument should be used. 1] Press to change value for the incremental steps (e.g. 1 V, 2 V, 5 V, 0.1 V). Instrument settings 2] Press and drag acording to the arrows to in- 1] Press crease / decrease the value.

Generator settings 1] Press to make the generator settings. 2] Press the “Output” button to select generator output.

Integration / Integration time for the individual measurement measurement record time time Averaging Number of averaged measurement records in the measured value Display update Time interval for updating dis- frequency played values The following outputs are connected internally to the Example: 1,1,1 means that a measurement is per- same output transformer and should be considered formed over 1 s, no additional averaging and the “live” when one of the outputs is activated. display is updated every second. 3,2,1 means that ▪▪0-250 V / 10 A AC a measurement is performed over 2 seconds and 3 ▪▪0-800 (200) A AC measurements are averaged. The display shows a running average every second. The 2.2 kV output is additionally disconnected with a relay and the output is “live” only when this genera- Data capture and hold at generator stop tor is selected. Make desired action at generator stop, “Hold on The 1, 16 and 100 A DC current outputs are intended stop” and/or “Store on stop”. for resistance measurements. 3] Make settings for “Fequency”. Instrument channel selection 4] Select “Manual” or “Ramp”. 1] Press to select measurement channels. In manual mode the generator is started instantly. A max generating time can be set. In ramp mode, the output signal amplitude is increased continuously, hold at the set value and

20 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

Scaling factor 1 / 0.01 Unit A Phase Phase deviation as stated in datasheet

R R1 R2 Voltage measurement channels intended for DC resistance measurements

Int Channels Gen U Ch 1 Gen I Ch 2 Ch 3 Internal measurement channels. Always active show- Ch 4 ing numerical RMS values in combination with values in the analog meters. Needs to be selected to be External multi-purpose AC/DC voltage or current captured and hold and/or used for calculations measurement channels that are separately activated. The measurement data can be selected to be dis- Transducer played and used in calculations as: AC RMS RMS value of the AC component in Transducers can be used to convert a measurement the test signal signal to an appropriate current or voltage signal to be measured by TRAX, e.g. active current clamps (current Freq Narrow-band data for the selected to voltage). frequency RMV Rectified Mean Value of signal multiplied by 1.11 to equivalent RMS value DC DC value

Calculated parameters 1] Press

Voltage measurement channels

▪▪Voltage to voltage ▪▪Current to voltage ▪▪Custom to voltage Current measurement channels The dialog activates mathematical operations on test ▪▪Current to current data. Measured data can be used to calculate one or ▪▪Voltage to current two selected parameters out of the following list: ▪▪Custom to current Conversion data for the transducer is entered in two fields; Output entity and input entity (+ phase deviation if applicable, default = 0) Example: Active current clamp, labeled 10 mV/A

Selected type A/V

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 21 4 Operating instructions

For phase measurements, the lowest channel number 2] Press to stop the generator. is reference (e.g. phase difference between Ch 1 and Ch 2 is calculated as Ch 2 lag). Measurement data and calculated parameters are captured and held. Pending instrument settings, the For phase related measurements e.g. Z, X etc, the results are stored in the results table. value is calculated with voltage reference.

Oscilloscope 1] Press The oscilloscope can be used to monitor measurement signals. 2] Press “Inputs” (red square) and select measurement channels for display 3] Press “Freeze” to hold and show the oscilloscope picture

Start/Stop measurements 1] Press to start the measurement. Output signals and selected measurement signals are continuously displayed on the analog meters and in the results fields.

22 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions 4.3 Manual control application examples

Safety

Important Read and comply with the safety instruc- 6] Press “OK”. tions “2 Safety” on page 8. 7] Press Always comply with local safety regulations. 8] Select resistance calculation “R DC (Ω)” using “R1” and “Gen I”.

Note Manual Control is not designed for resistance measurements on inductive loads e.g. transformer windings. If Manual Control is used for this, manual setting with small and slow adjustment of test current should be used. For measuring highly inductive loads, e.g. transformer windings, the winding resistance instrument should be used.

The circuitry for safe discharge of inductive loads is activated in Manual Control as well 9] Connect current and voltage leads to the test as in the winding resistance instrument. object. Discharge is performed via the current output and the R1/R2 voltage measurement inputs. Note This is a 4-wire method. Connect voltage sense leads “inside” the current leads connec- Resistance measurements tors. The connectors must NOT touch each other. 1] Press 10] Select an appropriate test current suitable 2] Select a DC current generator 1, 16 or 100 A for the test object. output (pending the resistance of the test Always use as high current as possible but object. Max resistance is about 10 kΩ when avoid unintentional heating of the test object. generating 5 mA from the 1 A generator). 11] Press Recommended test current ranges 12] Wait for results to stabilize. 1 A 5 mA – 1 A Resistance range 13] Press and read the results. generator 1 mΩ – 10 kΩ 16 A 100 mA – 16 A Resistance range Warning generator 160 μΩ – 500 Ω When measuring inductive objects e.g. 100 A 10 A – 100 A Resistance range power transformers, do not remove any generator 10 μΩ – 5 Ω cables until the winding is discharged and 3] Press the TRAX “active” indicator stops flash- ing. 4] Select “R” > “R1” > “DC” In case of a power breakdown during a measurement or a discharge process, TRAX will still continue discharging.

Note For measuring high resistances it is possible to use a simplified 2-wire technique. Connect the 1A DC outputs directly to the R1 inputs and connect from R1 inputs to the resistor. Please observe that maximum compliance voltage is 5] Select “Int” > “Gen I” > “DC”. about 50 V so select a very low current when measuring in the kohm range.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 23 4 Operating instructions

Excitation current (impedance) 2] Select Gen I measurement channel, set to measurements freq, to capture an hold the excitation current and use the data for calculations. 1] Select 0-250 V or 0-2200 V generator pending 3] Select Ch 1, set to freq, for voltage meas- the expected saturation voltage of the test urement. (Gen U can be used for the meas- object. urement but for higher accuracy a separate 2] Select “Gen I” and “Gen U” measurement voltage measurement using Ch 1 is recom- channel set to frequency to measure the ex- mended). citation voltage and current and use the data 4] Press and select e.g. Inductance, Imped- for calculations. ance, Power factor or other parameters to 3] Press and select e.g. “Inductance”, “Im- get appropriate data for the test. pedance”, “Power factor” or other parame- 5] Connect current leads and voltage sense ters to get additional information of the test leads to 0-10 A output and channel 1 voltage 4] Connect the generator leads to the test input respectively. At sample, place voltage object. sense leads “inside” current connectors. 5] Select an appropriate test voltage for the test 6] Short appropriate low voltage winding (e.g. object or manually control the voltage (after first measurement of a YNyn0, measure 1U- pressing ) and observe the excitation 1N, short 2U-2N). current for e.g. determine saturation/knee- 7] Select an appropriate test current for the test point. object. For power transformer windings, typ- 6] Press to start the generator. ical test current are 1 to 5 A for short-circuit impedance/leakage reactance measurements. 7] Wait for results to stabilize or manually control the voltage and observe the excitation 8] Press current for e.g. determine saturation/knee- 9] Wait for results to stabilize. point. 10] Press and read results. 8] Press and read the results.

Note The description above is using an internal cur- Zero-sequence impedance rent measurement channel and measures the measurements total current generated into the test object. (GST-GND) 1] Select 0-250V A generator and 55 Hz. If the test object has two parallel parts e.g. a Select Gen I measurement channel, set to winding in a delta configuration, the mea- 2] sured value is the current going through one freq, to capture an hold the excitation cur- winding in parallel with two series windings. rent and use the data for calculations. For measuring excitation current on a single 3] Select Ch 1, set to freq, for voltage measure- winding in a delta configuration, an external ment. current measurement can be used and by (Gen U can be also used for the measurement grounding correctly a UST measurement can but for higher accuracy on low inductances a be perfromed. separate voltage measurement using Ch 1 is recommended). Warning When using 2.2 kV output and external 4] Press and select e.g. Inductance, Impedance, ammeter, its is ABSOLUTELY MANDATORY Power factor or other parameters to get ap- to ground black terminal and connect the propriate data from the test. external current measurement channel 5] Connect generator leads and voltage sense to the grounded side of the generator/ leads to 0-250V A output and Ch1 voltage winding. input to one winding of the transformer. 6] Connect the other two windings of the Short-circuit/leakage reactance transformer in parallel with the first winding measurements (e.g. for a YNyn transformer A-B-C should be connected in parallel). 1] Select 0-10 A generator.

24 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

7] Press to start the generato and adjust 7] Set a start voltage level at least 1% of max the voltage to get an appropriate current, generator voltage, 2.5V and 22V for respec- typically a few amps. tive generator. 8] Wait for results to stabilize. 8] Press to start the generating. 9] Press and read results. 9] Slowly increase voltage until knee point is reached, or until a certain current level is achieved e.g. 500 mA. Power transformer turns-ratio Press data capture button to save a data measurements point. 1] Select 0-250 V AC generator. Slowly decrease voltage in steps and after let current stabilize, capture data points. 2] Select Ch 1 and Ch 2 for AC voltage measurements set to freq. If excitation current needs 10] Press to be recorded select Gen I measurement channel set to Freq. CT ratio with voltage 3] Press and select ratio calculation “/ “ (division) between Ch 1 and Ch 2. If phase Caution deviation is to be recorded select “Phase” Make sure that one side of primary side between Ch 1 and Ch 2. winding is connected to ground at all times. Otherwise, the measurement re- 4] Connect the generator cable to the HV wind- sults will be affected and the instrument ing. may be damaged. 5] Connect the Ch 1 voltage measurement to the HV winding and the Ch 2 voltage meas- 1] Select 0-250 V or 0-2200 V generator pending urement to the LV. the expected saturation voltage of the CT. Select frequency, for highest accuracy 55Hz Note This is a 4-wire method and the Ch 1 test frequency is recommended. voltage measurement lead must NOT be 2] Activate Int Gen U, configure it to Freq. connected “outside” or in contact with If excitation current of interest, also activate the voltage generator lead. Int Gen I and configure it to AC RMS.

6] Select an appropriate test voltage for the 3] Activate Channel Ch 1, configure it to Volt- test object. For power transformer windings, age (V) and Freq. use 250 V for highest accuracy. 4] Press . 7] Wait for results to stabilize. For calculation 1, select ratio “/” (division) between Gen U and Ch 1. 8] Press and read the results. If phase deviation is to be recorded, for calculation 2, select “Phase” between Gen U CT excitation current and Ch 1. 1] Select 0-250 V or 0-2200 V generator pending 5] Connect CT terminal S2/X2 to ground. the expected saturation voltage of the CT. 6] Connect black generator terminal to S2/X2 2] Select frequency, typically 50 or 60 Hz. and green (250V)/red (2200V) generator terminal to CT terminal S1/X1. 3] Activate Int “Gen U”, configure it to RMV. 7] IMPORTANT Activate Int “Gen I” configure it to AC RMS. 4] Connect P1/H1 (or P2/H2) to ground. 5] Connect CT terminal S2/X2 to ground. Con- Connect Ch1 terminals to primary winding, nect black generator terminal to S2/X2 and black terminal to P2/H2 and red terminal to green (250V)/red (2200V) generator terminal P1/H1. to CT terminal S1/X1. 8] Select an appropriate test voltage, best accu- 6] Make sure that one side of primary winding racy is achieved at about 75% of saturation P1/H1 OR P2/H2 is floating (other side may be voltage. connected to ground). 9] Press to start the generating.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 25 4 Operating instructions

10] Wait for results to stabilize 10] Press and read results. 11] Press and read results. Voltage withstand measurements TIP 1] Select 2.2 kV generator and 55 Hz. If saturation voltage is unknown: start 2] Select Gen I and GenU measurement chan- energize with a low voltage, approximate- nels set to Freq. ly 1% of generator max voltage. Increase the voltage slowly unit excitation current 3] If insulation properties are to be measured, start increase considerably (e.g. to 100 press and select e.g. Cp and PF. mA) and the lower voltage to about 75% 4] Connect generator leads to the test speci- of its value result in high current. Now a men. high accuracy measurement of “ratio with 5] Make sure the test object is connected to voltage” is achieved. ground at one end (generator black)! 6] Set the test voltage as high as possible with CT ratio with current respect to the test object. In most cases 2.2 kV is used. Caution 7] Press to start the generator Make sure that one side of primary side winding is connected to ground at all 8] Wait for results to stabilize. times. Otherwise, the measurement re- 9] 7] Press and read results. sults will be affected and the instrument may be damaged. Note The test mode is GST-GND which means that the total current to ground will be measured. 1] Select 0-200 A (or 0-800 A if TRAX 280) gen- The test result will be affected by all stray erator. capacitors including e.g. cables and surface Select frequency, typically 50 or 60 Hz. current. To estimate the effect of cables (typically 50-100 pF), measure the cables when 2] Activate Int GenI, configure it to Freq. not connected to the specimen. 3] Activate Cannel Ch 1, configure it to Current (A) and Freq. 4] 4. Press For calculation 1, select ratio “/” (division) between Gen I and Ch 1. If phase deviation is to be recorded, for calculation 2, select “Phase” between Gen I and Ch 1. 5] Connect CT terminal S2/X2 to ground. Connect black Ch 1 terminal to terminal S2/ X2 and red Ch 1 to terminal S1/X1. 6] IMPORTANT Connect P1/H1 (or P2/H2) to ground. Connect 200A/800A current output terminals to primary winding, black terminal to P2/H2 and red terminal to P1/H1. 7] Select an appropriate test current, usually rated primary current or a fraction of rated primary current. Make sure expected resulted secondary current is lower than 10A. 8] Press to start the generator. 9] Wait for results to stabilize

26 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

2] Set “Temperature correction” to “On” to 4.4 Contact Resistance enable the settings.

Safety Temperature correction Temperature On/Off Important correction Measured values will be Read and comply with the safety instruc- automatically corrected to tions “2 Safety” on page 8. the reference temperature Always comply with local safety regula- Object temp (°C) Enter the winding tions. temperature Reference temp (°C) Reference temperature for 1] Press the correction. 85, 75 or customer defined. Material coefficient For copper, aluminum or as customer defined Custom coefficient

DualGround DualGround On/Off Settings Clamp-on ammeter Set the ratio for the clamp-on 1] Press (mV/A) ammeter

Ramp Integration Ramp up time (s) 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 20 Integration/measure- 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 10 Constant current time (s) 3, 5, 10, 20, 60 or 3600 ment time Ramp down time (s) 0.3, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 20 Averaging 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Display update 1, 2, 3 or 4 frequency 3] Press “OK”. 4] Select desired “Test current” and “Genera- tor”. After selection the test current can be adjusted within the actual current range. 5] Select “Continuous” if desired. Single test is default.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 27 4 Operating instructions Connection for measurement 4.5 Winding resistance 1] Connect to the test object and ground one side. Safety 2] Press to start injecting current. A) In single test, the measurement will be Important performed automatically and the result is Read and comply with the safety instruc- displayed. tions “2 Safety” on page 8. B) In continuous mode, press to record Always comply with local safety regula- each test and press to stop the gener- tions. ator. 1] Press Dual ground measurements The DualGround feature is used in situations where the current through the test object is not the same as the generated current. A typical example is measuring circuit breaker contacts while the circuit breaker is grounded on both sides.

The winding resistance instrument is used for measuring DC resistance in transformer windings and other objects with high inductance. The instrument supports single channel and dual channel measurements.

The parallel current is measured with an external Recommended test current ranges clamp-on CT connected to channel R2 and a value for 1 A 5 mA – 1 A Resistance range 1 mΩ – 10 kΩ the clamp-on ammeter in Volt / A is needed (settings 16 A 100 mA – 16 A Resistance range 160 µΩ – 500 Ω page). This is used to calculate the current flowing in 100 A 10 A – 100 A Resistance range 10 µΩ – 5 Ω the parallel path. Note When testing transformer windings, the test Measurements are performed as above and the current should be sufficient to saturate the measured value is automatically adjusted for the core and thus minimizing inductance. This parallel current. happens typically at about 1% of the rated winding current. Avoid testing at > 15% of rated current since this may cause heating which will affect the accuracy. Typical test currents are 1-15% and using 5-15% will give fast and stable readings.

Controls for tap changer operation The CONTROL contacts are used to remotely operate the tap-changer.

28 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

+ / raise controls the left ch 1 contact. - / lower controls the right ch 2 contact.

Buttons to use during operation Stability Delta Select “Stability” or “Deviation” for + / raise displaying the difference between actual and previous measurement Autostop On/off - / lower Stability Select minimum values for stability level capture/measure data without stopping the generator (for OLTC measurements). Stability Minimum time for stability before time initiating measure/stop. E.g when Activating + or - buttons closes the contact for about stability is > 99.99% for > 3 s the 500 ms. After one operation the contacts are blocked measurement is automatically for about 2 seconds before the next operation is stopped. possible. Demag When activated, TRAX suggest to Run two wires from each contact and connect in warning do demagnetization when the WRM parallel with the contacts for manually operating the app is to be closed. tap-changer from the cabinet. Max carrying current (short-term) is 35 A.

Note The tap-changer must be powered separately, typically with 3-phase AC for the motor and a DC control voltage. Measurements can be performed on defined/ configured transformers or in “no configuration”. Discharge is automatic when the generator is stopped and performed via the current cables (primary) and also (secondary) via the voltage measurement cables. Discharge is also performed if the input power to TRAX is accidentally lost.

CAUTION The no power emergency discharge may Temperature correction take significantly longer time due to Temperature On/Off lower discharge voltage. Make sure to correction Measured values will be automat- wait for a sufficient time (> 2 minutes for ically corrected to the reference a large transformer) before removing any temperature cables. Object temp Enter the winding temperature (°C) Reference Reference temperature for the correc- Settings temp (°C) tion. 85, 75 or customer defined. 1] Press Custom ref temp (°C)

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 29 4 Operating instructions

Material For copper, aluminum or as customer coefficient defined Custom coefficient

Connection for measurement

No configuration measurements 1] Ground one end of the test object. 2] Connect cables. 3] Select test current and start measurement. 4] When reading is stable, stop measurement and the result is displayed. 5] Perform next measurement. 6] Discharge is automatic.

WARNING Do not remove any cables until discharge is finalized.

Winding resistance with transformer 4] Select test current and start measurement. configuration If no OLTC and no taps 1] Enter the transformer configuration. 1] When reading is stable, stop measurement 2] Ground one end of the winding and connect and the result is displayed. the cables as described, e.g. current H1- X3 2] Reconnect cables and perform test on next with H3X0 short, R1 H1-H3, R2 X0-X3. phase. 3] Pressing “?” will show the connection. Winding variation will be displayed when all phases are measured. If taps with DETC (de-energized tap changer)

Note In field tests, the transformer is often tested with the DETC position “as found” and it may not be recommended to change the DETC selector switch. Make sure to confirm with the transformer owner before making any changes. 1] When reading is stable, stop measurement and the result is displayed 2] Stop generator. 3] Operate tap changer. 4] Start generating, when reading is stable, stop measurement and the result is displayed 5] Repeat from step 2 until last tap. 6] Reconnect cables and perform test on next phase.

30 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

Winding variation will be displayed when all phases are measured. 4.6 Demagnetization If OLTC Safety 1] When reading is stable, Capture measurement and the result is displayed. (Do not stop Important generating until last tap is tested). Read and comply with the safety instruc- 2] Operate tap changer. If discontinuity, TRAX tions “2 Safety” on page 8. will automatically stop the test and discharge Always comply with local safety regula- the winding, if continuity TRAX is starting tions. measurements on the next tap. 3] Continue until last tap. 1] Press 4] Stop generator/capture data when the reading is stable. 5] Reconnect cables and perform test on next phase. Winding variation will be displayed when all phases are measured.

Demagnetization is recommended before performing any tests on the transformer and in particular before excitation current and/or SFRA. Demagnetization with TRAX is performed by injecting an alternating and decreasing DC current to mag- netize the core in two directions. Starting current is normally selected as about the same as the last performed winding resistance test and should be above the DC saturation level of the actual winding (typically 1 % of rated winding current). Demagnetization is normally done on the HV side of the transformer and on the connection with the lowest excitation current (the mid-leg for a YN configuration). For configurations with no neutral demagnetization connection is terminal-terminal. The adaptive algorithm for the demagnetization process is based on measuring and reducing Vs (voltage * time). This implies that the voltage measurement R1 MUST be connected during demagnetization.

Step-by-step instructions 1] Connect generator cable and R1 measurement cable to the transformer HV terminals. If YN, connect to H2/V to neutral, if Y or D

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 31 4 Operating instructions connect H1/U to H2/V. 4.7 Transformer turns ratio 2] Select demagnetization current, normally the same as the test current, about 1% of rated Safety winding current.

3] Press to start test Important 4] Demagnetization starts and stops automati- Read and comply with the safety instruc- cally when finished. tions “2 Safety” on page 8. Always comply with local safety regulations.

1] Press

TRAX turns ratio app determines the transformer turns-ratio as defined by international standards. The instrument provides an excitation test voltage to the primary windings of the transformer and measures simultaneously the voltage at the corresponding secondary winding. The voltage ratio is displayed and compared with the expected target ratio. TRAX measures ratio, phase deviation and excitation current at the same time. Testing can be done at power frequency, or preferably at a frequency different from the power frequency to avoid interference. Default test frequency is 55 Hz.

Settings 1] Press

32 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

Ratio Ratio can be displayed as TTR/ voltage ratio or nameplate ratio. TTR/voltage ratio is calculated with respect to the actual configuration using common recalculation factors for various configurations. When selecting nameplate ratio, results are calculated to reflect the ratio between the transformers line-to- line (nameplate) voltages. Example: For a Dyn11 100 to 10 kV transformer, the TTR/voltage ratio is 10 x sqrt3, 100 kV to 10 kV/sqrt3 while the nameplate voltage is 10, 100 kV to 10 kV. Phase deviation can be selected as degrees or minutes Max ratio error setting defines the limit where (%) measured values should be highlighted. Frequency Test frequency selection; 50, 55 (default) or 60 Hz

Step-by-step instructions 4] Select test voltage. No configuration 5] Press to start test 1] Connect cables. 6] Select next tap, operate tap changer and Select test voltage. 2] continue until all taps are measured. Press to start test. 3] 7] Reconnect cables to next phase. Press 4] Perform next measurement. to see connecting diagram. 5] Save results. 8] Measure all taps. 9] Continue with next phase. With configuration 10] Save results. 1] Select transformer “Configuration” and enter the first and last tap voltage values.

Note First tap voltage must be higher than nominal voltage for the winding with taps and last tap voltage lower. In case the calculated tap voltage differs from the nameplate it is possible to manually enter the values in the table. 2] Press to display a connecting diagram. 3] Connect cables.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 33 4 Operating instructions 4.8 Excitation current Step-by-step instructions No configuration Safety 1] Select what generator to use, 250 V AC or 2200 V AC. Important Read and comply with the safety instruc- 2] Connect cables to the test object. tions “2 Safety” on page 8. 3] Press to start the first test. Always comply with local safety regulations. 4] Readings will be displayed automatically when stable and generator will stop. 5] Continue with next test. New tests will be 1] Press added to the table. It is possible to re-measure a line in the table by activating the actual row and start a new measurement. 6] When the test is finished the results can be saved to a file/report.

With transformer configuration 1] Select transformer configuration and number of taps. 2] Select what generator to use, 250 V AC or 2200 V AC. 3] Connect cables to the test object as described TRAX Excitation current instrument is intended for in the table and connection picture. measuring current and impedance on one side of a transformer with the opposite windings open. 4] Press to start the first test. 5] Readings will be displayed automatically when stable and generator will stop. WARNING 6] Continue with next test. New tests will be The common practice is to measure added to the table. It is possible to re-meas- excitation current on HV windings. If ure a line in the table by activating the actual excitation current is to be measured on row and start a new measurement. LV side on a transformer please note that the HV side will be energized at a higher 7] When the test is finished the results can be voltage that can be very dangerous. saved to a file/report.

Note The instrument is using an internal current measurement channel and measures the total Settings current generated into the test object (GST- GND). If the test object has two parallel parts e.g. a winding in a delta configuration, the measured value is the current going through one winding in parallel with two series windings.

For measuring excitation current on a single winding in a delta configuration, Manual Control with external current measurement can be used and by doing correct grounding, UST measurements can be performed.

Selection of calculated parameters to be displayed in results table.

34 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 4 Operating instructions

nameplate. Three-phase equivalent works for Y and 4.9 Short-circuit impedance delta configurations with the three LV terminals (but / Leakage reactance NOT the neutral) shorted. Make sure the shorts are good with low resistance since LV current will be Safety test current multiplied with transformer ratio. Three- phase equivalent model does not work for Zigzag configurations and the resulting impedance cannot be Important compared with nameplate. Read and comply with the safety instructions “2 Safety” on page 8. Always comply with local safety regula- Step-by-step instructions tions. 1] Select transformer configuration (and number of taps, however this test is normally done on nominal tap only). 1] Press 2] Enter required data for the transformer. For “Impedance” and comparing with nameplate, Nominal HV voltage (kV), Power (MVA) and Impedance (%) must be entered. 3] Confirm cable connections/hook-up. 4] Select test frequency: Default and recommended frequency for short-circuit measurements is line frequency and winding variation is calculated for Xs (leakage reactance). For higer frequency comparisons of Rs and Ls, select 500 Hz. Please note that winding variation is still TRAX Short-circuit Impedance/Leakage Reactance calculated for Xs. instrument is intended for impedance measurements on the HV side of the transformer with the LV side 5] Select test current (default 1 A). Short-circuit shorted. impedance is not pending test current. Typ- ical test current are 1-5 A. Note that maxi- Without configuration you need to decide how to mum output voltage is 250 V which may be connect and what to measure. With configuration, limiting the maximum test current. the instrument supports short-circuit impedance/ leakage reactance measurement phase-by phase or by 6] Press to start the generator and meas- using three-phase equivalent model. ure. 7] Reconnect cables to next phase. Note Not all transformer configurations are supported in this app. Three phase equivalent 8] Save results. impedance analysis is not supported for zigzag configurations. Per phase measurements are not supported for configurations without HV neutral (Dx, Yx and Zx). For measuring these cofigurations on an individual basis with custom connections and shorts, please use Manual Control. Per-phase measurements When configuration is selected, TRAX suggest measurements per-phase and the variation in leakage reactance, Xs, is calculated and displayed.

Three-phase equivalent By selecting “Impedance” the instrument automatically selects three-phase equivalent model and the results can be compared with the transformer

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 35 5 Data handling and reporting Data handling and 5 reporting 5.1 General 5.2 Test object configuration ▪▪The data architecture in TRAX is based on tests performed with a specific instrument where each No configuration – ”quick mode” test can contain one or several measurements. Several TRAX instruments are as default opened ▪▪Tests can be collected together in a test session without any test object configuration. This is a “quick containing several tests on e.g. a power transformer. mode” that allows direct measurement without ▪▪Tests can be stored in files as separate tests or as a entering any specific information. You specify (and file containing a complete session with several tests. can enter in the notes field) the connections and the instrument displays the test results in the table. Any ▪▪A test session can only contain measurements for number of measurements can be performed and if/ the same object/configuration. If a session is started as “no configuration”, the consecutive tests in when the test is saved, the file will not contain any the file are also without configuration. If a session test object information other than those entered is started with configuration of e.g. a 2-w Dyn11 directly in the report file. transformer with 17 taps, the consecutive tests will automatically have the same configuration. Test configuration ▪A test session is started when TRAX is started and ▪ In many situations it is advisable and sometimes finished when TRAX is closed or when the user mandatory to enter the test object configuration, e.g. select “new” in the home view. when measuring transformer turns ratio and compar- ▪▪Any test session can be saved in the report file ing with nameplate. during the session, after the session or when closing the session. This is defined as “active save” i.e. data When “Configuration” is selected, TRAX will ask for is saved with an action e.g. with the “save” button information e.g. vector group, HV and LV voltage etc. or when changing from one instrument to another. This information will be used in the consecutive tests and stored in the report file. ▪▪If autosave mode is selected, TRAX will create a file when the first (new) app is opened and contain one first measurement, and ask for name and location. After this, every measurement and/or change in the instruments will be automatically saved. ▪▪Besides saving results from measurements and tests, TRAXis automatically saving each individual measurement in logfiles for each instrument. This is to be considered as a back-up and not intended for reporting

36 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 5 Data handling and reporting 5.3 Save and report A measurement or a test session can be saved to the file/report during the session or after the session is finalized. The report files can be viewed anytime by loading a report file. Save and Load – Menu buttons Home

Return to previous report/file

Deleting file. Can only be used if the file folder is unlocked Create new folder

Load files from TRAX or PC: (remote control only). 5] Press “Filename” to enter the name. Refresh folder content 6] Press “OK” button to save the file.

Lock/unlock folder for deleting files Load a report

Save a test in a report file 1] Press to save. If autosave is selected, TRAX automatically ask for saving when the first app in the test session is opened 2] Change/edit file name and press “OK” 1] Press the report button 2] Press to save.

1] Press The “Load file” window will be shown.

3] To save in a new folder press . 4] Press to make a new folder.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 37 5 Data handling and reporting

Export TRAX file in *.xml format

Export TRAX report in text format for e.g. Excel import

Activates / deactivates the buttons described in the table below

The report may contain several tests Press the actual icon to open the file in re- 2] on multiple pages. The action buttons, port view. described below, are activated with the setting button (upper right). Report view Moves the test back to the actual instrument for e.g. remaking or adding tests.

Starts a new test within the same test session.

Deleting a test from the session/report.

Copy the table in CSV/text format to a selected destination e.g. a USB stick.

Note Deleting data in the file is not done until question “Save changes?” is answered. If deleting by mistake; Close/leave report view, answer “No” on question to save changes. 3] To select another report, press to select The original report without any changes is report/file. stored. Reload the report. Report view – Menu buttons Home

Return

Instruments

Load report / file

Save Save changes in report

Save as Save file to a new name and/or location e.g. move from TRAX to PC

Print the report or save report as PDF (In PC only)

38 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 5 Data handling and reporting 5.4 TRAX logfile The logfiles are accessed via “Logging” in the home menu. The files are organized by instruments.

Logfiles can be downloaded to USB or PC with the upper right button. Filename is *.log. Format is tab delimited text and the files can be directly imported as data from text in Excel. See example below.

Time Winding Tap Current Resistance Delta Variation Resistance 2 Delta 2 Variation 2 11:52:51 H1-H3 / X0-X3 1 0.924174187 39.56644257 0.000235426 0 0.973660409 0.000187598 0 11:53:03 H1-H3 / X0-X3 2 0.076380386 32.28171063 0.121538153 0 0.237194891 1.840455434 0 11:54:04 H1-H3 / X0-X3 1 0.106082446 38.84081864 3.44444E-05 0 0.983846815 1.26773E-05 0 11:54:32 H1-H3 / X0-X3 2 0.083668884 32.63498291 0.016548239 0 1.170306359 0.076226851 0 11:54:42 H1-H3 / X0-X3 2 0.055195139 54.94296597 0.342636801 0 2.317072453 1.146677321 0 11:55:02 H1-H3 / X0-X3 2 0.103727479 37.44032922 1.13043E-05 0 0.980653239 1.86864E-05 0 11:55:30 H1-H3 / X0-X3 3 0.104175874 36.3917319 1.05413E-05 0 0.979147993 1.69274E-05 0 11:56:07 H1-H3 / X0-X3 4 0.104941694 35.35998692 8.51567E-06 0 0.977370923 1.2129E-05 0 11:56:23 H1-H3 / X0-X3 5 0.081460103 30.02129672 0.015938011 0 1.179507766 0.085674521 0 11:56:45 H1-H3 / X0-X3 5 0.103032798 34.31936097 5.05995E-06 0 0.975768464 1.03729E-05 0 12:02:42 H2-H1 / X0-X1 1 0.103081662 38.04432664 3.98122E-06 0 0.966337894 9.31E-07 0 12:04:01 H3-H2 / X0-X2 1 0.103138932 37.95294625 4.37438E-06 0 0.990088735 4.14117E- 06 0 12:05:06 H1-H3 / X0-X3 1 0.104439906 38.05558476 2.06672E-06 0 0.966084385 3.61709E-06 0 12:08:21 H3-H2 / X0-X2 1 0.103163203 37.9393904 3.97402E-06 0 0.989902723 1.38E-07 0 12:10:47 H1-H3 1 0.102972318 38.02995625 5.58813E-06 0 9.711347845 4.45106E-05 0 12:11:29 H2-H1 1 0.103699822 37.97597631 7.15273E- 06 0 9.643218132 4.03315E-05 0 12:12:09 H3-H2 1 0.104708032 37.94920807 5.37002E-06 0 9.550365708 9.01596E-06 0

Note The logfiles are intended for emergency/back- up use and are normally not used for reporting.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 39 6 Remote control and communication ports Remote control and 6 communication ports 6.1 Communication ports 6.2 Remote control TRAX has the following data communication ports: TRAX220 and 280 can be used stand-alone or remote control via an external device. ▪▪Ethernet port for running the instrument from an external PC or connect it to an external network. TRAX219 is only used with remote control. ▪▪Wi-fi for running the instrument from an external PC or other device. Connecting a device to TRAX ▪▪Three USB ports for multipurpose use: Transfer When connecting the device the first time, “TRAX data and reports to PC, use an external mouse or Control” SW must be installed on the device. Find the keyboard, upgrading the unit from a USB memory SW on the USB stick delivered with the unit and run/ stick etc. install on your device.

Connecting to TRAX: 1] Connect the Ethernet cable (or via WiFi) to TRAX. 2] Wait until your device has discovered an unknown unit (normally by displaying a “?” in your network symbol) 3] Start TRAX Control. 4] After a while, the screen will display all TRAX units found on the network. 5] Select the unit you want to connect to. 6] A dialog is started where you are asked to confirm remote control by pressing and holding the control knob on TRAX to allow remote control. 7] Stop remote control by closing the program and unlocking TRAX for stand-alone use.

Simulation mode 1] Start TRAX Control. 2] Select “Work offline” to access the TRAX SW for demonstration/training purposes and for working with TRAX reports.

40 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 7 Upgrading TRAX

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 41 7 Upgrading TRAX 7 Upgrading TRAX 7.1 Upgrading TRAX SW can be upgraded via Internet or with a USB stick.

Upgrading via Internet 1] Connect TRAX to an open Internet port with unlimited access. 2] From the home page select “Settings” and “Update”. 3] TRAX will start searching for available updates and if/when an update is found, display “Update available”. 4] Download the update. 5] Start the updating process.

Important Do NOT interrupt the updating process.

Upgrading via USB 1] Insert the USB stick to one of the USB ports. 2] Select “Updates” and “USB”. 3] Download the update. 4] Start the updating process.

Important Do NOT interrupt the updating process.

42 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 8 Specifications

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 43 8 Specifications 8 Specifications

0-800 AAC 0-800 A/6 V, 30 s TRAX280 Specifications TRAX 0-250 A/10 V, 1 min Specifications are valid at nominal input voltage and an ambient Frequency range: temperature of +25°C ±5°, (77°F). Specifications are subject to 45-70 Hz

change without notice. 0-16 A DC 0-16 A, continuous Evironment 0-1 A continuous

Application For use in high-voltage substations and industrial 0-300 VDC 0-10 A,1 minute Rectified DC. Intended to field environments be used as e.g. auxiliary DC Temperature supply Operating -20°C to +55°C (-4°F to +131°F) 0-100 A DC 100 A, 1 minute 70 A, continuous Storage -20°C to +70°C (-4°F to +158°F) DC output Max 1000 VA , Humidity < 90%RH, non-condensing power continuous CE- marking Max 50 V compli- EMC 2004/108/EC ance voltage LVD 2006/95/EC Binary output 250 V / 35 A (max) Output contacts for LTC General 2 x 0-10000 s and CB operation with internal voltage and current Mains input 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz (± 10%) measurements Input current ≤ 16 A continuous AUX Short-term up to 30 A < 60 s CONTROL 54 V DC Ethernet communication Main fuses F1 and F2, 25 A and power to accessories. TEST GROUND POWER 0-235 V AC Directly from power ampli- To be connected to the test object ground before fier for powering accesso- connecting any other cables to the unit. ries (TDX / TCX) GROUND With 12 kV AC For connecting an additional ground between TRAX TDX 0-12 kV, 1 min the main unit and accessories or to ground exter- 0-12 kV / 300 mA, nal objects e.g. optional trolley 4 min Dimensions 475 x 315 x 330 mm (excl. handles) 0-12 kV / 100 mA, (18.7” x 12.4” x 13”) continuous Weight With 2000 A AC TRAX 219 25 kg (55 lbs) TRAX TCX 0-2000 A/2.5 V, TRAX 220 26 kg (57 lbs) 1 min 0-1000 A/5 V, 1 min TRAX 280 30 kg (66 lbs) Display Inputs Size 10.4” ANALOG Resolution 1024x768 XGA 1 2 3 4 Type TFT touch Current 4 x 0-10 A AC / DC Contrast ratio 1000:1 Voltage 4 x 250 / 350 V AC / DC Nits 1000 R1 R2 2 x 0-50 V DC Intended for resistance measurements but can be Outputs used for AC voltage meas- Item Specification Comment urement up to 60 V RMS 0-2200 VAC 1 A, 1 min The output is additionally TRANS Input for analog trans- 2500 VA (max) disconnected with a relay ducers and low level analog Frequency range: and the output is “live” signals 5-70 Hz only when this generator is TRIG IN Contact or voltage sense selected TIMING 3 x 0-10000 s Binary inputs for timing 0-250 VAC / 10 A, 1 min measurements in timer and 0-10 A AC 20 A (short-term, relay testing applications. A typically a few and B inputs dedicated for seconds) Start and Stop. Frequency range: 5-505 Hz

0-200 AAC 0-200 A/6 V, 1 min TRAX220 0-20 A/6 V, continuous Frequency range: 45-70 Hz

44 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE 8 Specifications

Calculated / displayed parameters Arithmetic +, -, *, / Power P, VA, Q, S Impedance R (DC), Z, Xp, Xs, Rs, Rp, Ls, Lp, Cs, Cp, phase Time Binary start-stop-change, generator start-stop, trig to event User defined formulas Derating at lower mains voltage TRAX specification is valid at 230-240 V mains voltage. Output power is decreased at lower mains voltages. Derating at high ambient temperature TRAX specification is valid at 23 ±5°C. Max ouput current times will be reduced when using TRAX in high ambient temperature Measurement accuracy External 0.05% of reading + 0.05% FS AC / DC voltage and current Internal DC 0.1% of reading + 0.1% FS current Internal AC 0.2% of reading + 0.2% FS current Internal AC 0.2% of reading + 0.2% FS voltage COM Ethernet port For running the instrument from an external PC or connect it to an external network. Connector for For running the instrument wireless from a PC or Wifi antenna tablet. (Option) USB 3 USB ports for multipurpose use

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 45 Index Oscilloscope...... 22 P C Power transformer turns-ratio measurements.25 Communication...... 13 Product description...... 6 Communication ports...... 40 R Connectors...... 12 Remote control...... 40 Contact Resistance...... 27 Reporting...... 36 Control knob...... 20 Report view...... 38 Controls...... 12 Resistance measurements...... 23 CT excitation current...... 25 CT ratio with current...... 26 S CT ratio with voltage...... 25 Safety...... 8 D Safety instructions...... 9 Save and report...... 37 Data handling...... 36 Save a test...... 37 Demagnetization...... 31 Short-circuit Impedance...... 35 Dual ground measurements...... 28 Short-circuit measurements...... 24 E Side panel...... 12 Excitation current...... 24 Specifications...... 44 Excitation Current...... 34 Start-up screen...... 16 Symbols...... 8 G Generator settings...... 20 T GUI Settings...... 16 Test object configuration...... 36 Top panel...... 13 I Transformer turns ratio...... 32 impedance...... 24 Turn off TRAX...... 16 Indicators...... 12 Instrument description...... 18 U Instruments...... 17 Upgrading...... 42 Instrument safety...... 8 V Instrument settings...... 20 Voltage withstand measurements...... 26 L W Leakage Reactance...... 35 Warning and Caution Notices...... 8 Leakage reactance measurements...... 24 Warranty...... 7 Load a report...... 37 Warranty repair...... 7 Logfile...... 39 Winding resistance...... 28 M Z Maintenance...... 10 Zero-sequence impedance measurements.... 24 Manual control...... 23 Manual Control...... 19 O Open ground detection...... 8 Operating instructions...... 16

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