Road Sector Assistance Project
El 225 Nittambuwa-Kandy A001 VOL. 4 Contents Page No.
Public Disclosure Authorized Chapter 1 Introduction 2
Chapter 2 Environmental Impact
2.1 Background 3
2.2 Road Environment 3
2.2.1 Physical environment 3
2.2.2 Ecological environment 5
Public Disclosure Authorized 2.3 Project Related Environmental Issues 6
2.4 Project activities 6 2.5 Applicable regulations 7 2.6 Environmental impacts and Mitigation measures 8 2.7 Environmental Management Plan 11 2.8 Environmental Management Action Plan 12
Chapter 3 Social Aspects Public Disclosure Authorized 3.1 Collection of data 12 3.2 Assumption made in interpreting data/information 12 3.3 Potential Impacts 13 3.3.1 Beneficial Impacts 13 3.3.2 Negative Impacts 14 3.3.3 Mitigation of Negative Impacts 18 Annexure I Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) (Protection and Preventive measures that have to be followed by the Contractor) Public Disclosure Authorized Annexure II Environmental Features Map Annexure III Social Impact Management Framework (SIMF)
Page 1 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOOI
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA Road Development Authority (RDA) Ministry of Highways
ROAD SECTOR ASSISTANCE PROJECT (RSAP) Social and Environmental Assessment
Chapter 1: Introduction
The RDA has identified a long list of 1,339 km of roads as priority candidates for rehabilitation. Of this 1,339 km, a short list of approximately 650 km has been selected through a screening process under the RSAP Feasibility Study for detailed engineering design for rehabilitation.
The Feasibility Study included the Social and Environmental screening of the 1,339 km of roads in order: * to assess the social and environmental impact of the proposed project roads and * to avoid including roads which would incur adverse impacts on environmentally sensitive areas or involve significant social impacts.
Subsequently, detailed social and environmental Assessments have been carried out in compliance with the Environmental Assessment and Management Framework (EMF) and the Social Impact Management Framework (SMIF) prepared for the World Bank funded Road Sector Assistance project, which were opened for public comments on 7th July 2005 and 1st October 2005 respectively. Project specific social and environmental Assessments have been, carried out for the following road sections for which financing is expected from the World Bank for rehabilitation work.
Reference No Description 1 A008 Ingiriya - Rathnapura 2 A001 Nittambuwa - Kandy 3 A 017 Galle - Akuressa A 017 Akuressa - Deniyaya B 098 Hakmana - Talahanduwa B 142 Denagama - Mulatiyana 4 A 009 Galkulama - Punewa A 014 Medawachchiya - NCP boundary 5 A 010 Padeniya - Puttalam 6 A 004 Wellawaya - Siyabalanduwa 7 A 025 Ampara - Siyabalanduwa A 031 Ampara - Karathive 8 A 016 Haliela - Bandarawela B 044 Bandarawela - Welimada 9 A 011 Maradankadawela - Manampitiya A 011 Manampitiya - Trikkandimadu
Page 2 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO I Chapter 2 Environmental Assessment
2.1 Background
The purpose of this report is to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed rehabilitation of the Nittabuwa to Kandy section of the AOO1 Colombo Kandy road, which has been selected for detailed design under this project. This road section is 77 km long with most of the section falling within the Kegalle District of Sabaragamuwa Province (about 50%). The balance 50% is approximately equally divided between Kandy District of the Central Province and Gampaha Distict of the Western Province.
The rehabilitation work under this programme is essentially limited to the rehabilitation and resurfacing of roads, existing drainage, shoulders and other road structures. Road widening is not involved in this project, unless it is essential for road safety or similar reasons. Therefore the rehabilitation of roads under this project is unlikely to cause significant negative environmental impacts.
2.2 Road Environment
2.2.1 Physical environment
Rainfall The entire road section is in the wet zone. The average annual rainfall is between 2000mm-2500mm in Colombo and Kegalle Districts and it is just below 2000mm in Kandy District. The maximum rainfalls record in April-May and October-November periods. The two maximum precipitation periods are separated by two periods of relatively low rainfall. January and February are the months of lowest average rainfall. The rainfall intensities do not vary widely for the three districts. The 60 minutes 50 years intensity for Colombo, Kegalle and Kandy are 165mm/hr, 145mm/hr, and 127mm/hr respectively.
Hydrology and Drainage This road section goes through Attanagalu Oya, Maha Oya and Mahaweli River basins. The road crosses the Mahaweli River at Peradeniya. The other waterways crossed by the river are canals and streams connecting to Attanagalu and Maha Oya. The drainage paths are towards west for most parts and towards northeast in Kandy area. Flooding is not reported as a problem along the road trace. The paddy lands in the Attanagalu Oya basin act as important retention areas during the rainy season.
Groundwater The groundwater in shallow wells is an important source of water up to Warakapola. The area beyond Warakapola is hilly. In this area springs are observed at several locations along the road mainly in Kadugannawa. The presence of shallow wells in hilly terrain beyond Warakapola is limited due to geological factors. The shallow wells are present commonly in lower areas/paddy lands. In the hilly terrain groundwater is generally available in fractured rocks and obtained through deep wells at some locations.
Page 3 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO 1 Soil and Erosion The soil types found in the area include Red-Yellow Podzoloic soils in hilly, rolling and undulating terrains. This soil is generally poor in drainage as a result subjected to elevated level of erosion due to gully formation. Reddish Brown Lateritic soils and Immature Brown Loams dominate the area beyond Kegalle. This soil has high resistance to erosion but poor in drainage characteristics. Sites of significant erosion were not observed in this road section. As a section of this road is through hilly areas attention should be paid on erosion and soil stability particularly in areas of steep slopes.
Quarries and Mining Rock, sand and earth quarries are not present close to the road trace. However, rock quarries are present in Gampaha and Kegalle districts in numbers. The sand mining is virtually ceased to exist in rivers and streams along the road trace except very low level of mining taking place in Maha Oya. It is learnt that sand for Kandy area is now coming mainly from Mahiyangana and for Nittabuwa area from Puttalam. However, three earth mining sites were identified along the road. These locations are given in Environmental Features Map and EMAP.
Trees Altogether 318 trees were identified within the 3 metres corridor of both sides of the road. These trees are valuable as fruit trees or timber value or for aesthetic reasons. In addition 5 trees of religious importance are present. All these trees may not require removal for project purpose. However, about 56 trees are placed very close to the road edge and may need removal. There is a row of Mara trees close to the road in the vicinity of Kandy which should be retained if possible. However, in the event that they are to be removed on safety grounds, arrangements should be made for their replacement at a suitable location.
Air, Noise and Water Quality The water, air quality and noise data available from previous studies have been reviewed. The information available can provide an idea about air, water and noise situation along the trace. Air quality seems to be not a major issue except for dust. Noise is above the specified level in town areas due to traffic. Many noise sensitive sites; schools, religious places, etc are located along the road. There are 31 noise sensitive sites along the road (closely located). These locations are identified in the EMAP. In addition to the townships have high residential density and need to consider as noise sensitive sites. Quality of both surface and ground water is in general satisfactory for conventional treatment and bathing purposes. However, some streams going through main towns (Kegalle, Kandy) are polluted.
Land-use The land along the road trace is highly urbanized. Commercial development is extensively high in the last 17 km from Kadugannawa to Kandy and in the towns along the roads. Congestion due to traffic is high in all urban areas. In the last 17 km the road footpaths are almost non-existent. The shoulder width is narrow in most places in this area. In some towns the commercial establishments are almost at the edge of the road. Page 4 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO I
Historical and Cultural Few important historical and cultural places are present along the road. See the EMAP for location details.
1. Ambalama at Kadugannawa - Situated by the side of the road along famous Kaduannawa-Balana rise. This is one of the three remaining historical "travellers rests" in the country. Any blasting work in the vicinity could damage this monument.
2. Dawson Tower - at Kadugannawa junction- about 2 meters from the road.
3. Road side open area Museum of antique machinery used for road development - by the side of the road at Pilimathalawa near railway crossing.
2.2.2 Ecological Environment
Road section runs mostly through well-developed areas including major and secondary towns. Thus natural habitats are almost not to be found. The two dominant habitats identified in the road trace are paddy fields and home gardens. Aquatic ecosystems are limited to few streams and rivers that cross the road. An important forest patch is situated at Kadugannawa -Balana. This area has immense scenic value and many local and foreign travellers stop here for rest. Plantation habitats are also limited. Only a few sizable rubber and coconut plantations are present between Warakapola to Kegalle.
According to information available from other studies, there are no threatened plants or animal species in home gardens and other habitats in the area. There are no true marshes along the road the wetlands being mainly paddy.
Flora The area is divided into two agro-ecologically zones 1. low country wet zone of elevation below 300m and 2. Mid country wet zone elevation above 300m.
Except for about 2km stretch at Kadugannawa-Balana the natural habitat along this road is completely lost. The paddy lands are increasingly being filled and developed for commercial purposes. An important location with regard to ecological value is the Peradeniya botanical garden.
The forest cover along the trace is almost negligible except for small forest patch at Balana -Kadugannawa extending about 1 km. Only a few and also small coconut and rubber plantations have been developed along the road providing mono-crop habitats virtually without undergrowth. Also there are several small spice gardens between Kegalle to Mawanella stretch. Flora in the home gardens includes varieties such as Jak, Coconut, "Del", fruit trees, etc. There are also small teagardens mainly as extensions to the home-gardens. The wetlands consist mainly of rice paddy areas.
Page 5 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuw'a-Kandy AOO I
Fauna As the natural habitat is highly influenced and changed by human activities the faunal species found in home gardens, paddy lands and plantations are not unique or rare. The animals found in this area are highly mobile species that have already adapted to change in habitat e.g. from forest to home gardens. Among the animals reported in this road section are monkey, species of rats and squirrels. Bats are also found in all parts of this section. Lizards, many species of frogs and snakes are common in the area. Many varieties of indigenous bird species are also found.
2.3 Project Related Environmental Issues
The key environmental issues observed along this road stretch that are of importance to this project are related to land-use. Poor land use has contributed to many problems including congestion in towns and destruction of remaining wetlands/paddy lands. Local drainage problems (apart from flooding due to river over flows) are present in towns due to lack of drainage facilities and misuse of drains. Congestion at main towns is major problem due to linear ribbon type development and lack of parking spaces. The consultations carried out during the filed visits indicate that shop owners and pavement hawkers are not supportive of the road expansion or the construction of by-pass roads. They mainly consider that people crossing the roads haphazardly as cause for congestion. They further stress the need for over and under-passes for pedestrians to reduce congestion in towns.
The industrial based water pollution is mainly due to rubber factories found in Warakapola, Kegalle and Mawanella areas. Disposal of wastewater and sewage to drains in towns and waterways is reported. However, significant point source of water pollution was not identified along the section, except Mada Ela at Peradeniya, Gatambe. This canal in fact discharges polluted drainage of Kandy City to Mahaweli River near the Gatambe Bridge. Similarly water pollution due to non-point sources is common at all towns along the road.
Health problems related to poor sanitation facilities and mosquitoes are key issues. Important area of concern is lack of facilities for proper disposal of solid waste. Household, institutional as well as institutional solid waste disposal has become a problem through out the road section. As a result populations of disease carrying animals and insects such as rats and flies have been increased. Solid waste in towns is particularly become a nuisance due to odour problems, and aesthetically unsightly dumps of solid waste along the road which pollute waterways and block drains.
Air and noise pollution is a problem in town mainly due to congestion and the frequent stopping and starting of vehicles. Dust is the most critical element of air pollution and is the subject of frequent complaints from people living in towns and urban areas.
2.4 Project activities
The project activities that cause the most environmental impact are as follows. Page 6 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOOI
* Rock, aggregate and earth extraction either directly or from suppliers * Road construction operations * Rehabilitation of road structures (culverts, drains, etc) * Setting up and operation of crusher and asphalt mixing plants * Setting up of Contractors labour camps * Construction machinery repair and servicing depots * Improvements to the road alignment, removing accident black-spots etc. which may include some widening and removal of trees, etc).
2.5 Applicable regulations
The following regulations relate to Environmental issues:
1. Reduce, mitigate and control environmental impacts due to the project: National Environment Act (NEA):- Regulations administered by the CEA (Central Environmental Authority) aimed at maintaining the environmental quality of the affected areas. [This project does not require EIAJIEE submission for approval as it does not come under the category of prescribed project]. 2. Acquisition of land: - Land Acquisition Act; - The purpose of the act is acquisition of private lands for public works. Responsibility - Divisional Secretary 3. Involuntary Resettlement (if any):- GoSL Involuntary Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Act. Responsibility- the Ministry of Lands 4. Disposal of solid waste and spoil:-Municipal, Urban Council, and Pradesiya Sabah Ordinances and by laws of respective Local Authorities. The purpose is to manage the disposal of solid waste in environmentally acceptable manner. Responsibility - relevant LA. 5. Sand mining:-Geological Survey and Mining Bureau (GSMB)Act:- Project may not set up its own sand mines - All sand mines must have approval from the Geological Survey and Mining Bureau. 6. Rock quarrying:- (GSMB)Act - Project may not set up its own quarries - All metal quarries must have approval from the Geological Survey and Mining Bureau and environmental clearance from the CEA 7. Restrictions to vehicular traffic during construction - Motor Traffic Act - Disruption to vehicular traffic during construction - Responsibility - Local Police 8. Use of explosive for rock blasting - Storing and using of explosives for rock blasting purposes - Responsibility - Ministry of Defence and Police 9. Air pollution due to construction activities and asphalt plants - Environmental Protection Regulation under National Environment Act - Responsibility - the CEA. 10. Filling of paddy lands (if applicable) - Agrarian Services Act - to prevent unauthorized filling of prime paddy lands - Responsibility - the Agrarian Services Department. 11. National Antiquities Ordinance - Protection of archeologically important monuments - Responsible agency Department of Archaeology
Page 7 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO I 2.6 Environmental impacts and Mitigation measures
The environmental impacts of this project are judged to be minimal. Key project related impacts and mitigation measures are listed below. Details on site specific environmental safeguard measures are explained in the EMAP.
1. Removal of trees:- Altogether 318 trees were identified within the 3 metres corridor of both sides of the road. These trees are valuable as fruit trees or timber value or for aesthetic reasons. In addition 5 trees of religious importance are present. All these trees may not require removal for project purpose. However, about 56 trees are placed very close to the road edge and may need removal. These 56 trees along the road trace may need to be removed to improve the visibility and road safety. These trees have timber values and include Mara and some other species not identified. Trees along roads are highly desirable and it was revealed during community consultation that wherever possible, trees should be retained. Therefore it is proposed to include tree planting of appropriate species at suitable locations as a component of this rehabilitation work.
2. Blasting to remove boulders/rock outcrops along roadside: - There are 16 boulders and 7 rock patches found on road side. Locations are shown in environmental features map. Some of these may require removal for road improvement through blasting. Blasting can cause injury to people and damage the structures/houses in the vicinity and at these locations can also cause damage to vehicles. Blasting should be controlled to prevent vibration damage to structures and injury to people. The vehicles and road users should be stopped at a reasonable distance from the site and people in the vicinity should be informed when the blasting is carried out. Any debris on the road should be removed promptly before clearing the road for users. Blasting work should be carried out in off peak hours but not during the hours of darkness or at other times which may cause unacceptable disturbance to religious or other ceremonies.
3. Use of sand:- Sand is excessively mined from riverbeds causing serious environmental damage including saltwater intrusion; collapse of riverbanks; deterioration of water quality; damage to hydraulic structures and the stability of bridge structures. The use of river sand in the proposed rehabilitation project would result in an increased demand for sand and would increase the sand prices. This will have a direct effect on general construction costs in particular house building. To mitigate these impacts wherever possible alternative fine aggregate materials should be used as an alternative to river sand.
4. Transport of sand:- Sand transport cause heavy damage to minor roads that provide access to mining sites. These are mostly gravel roads maintained by Local Authorities. Obtain sand from selected suppliers/sites who are willing to maintain these roads in acceptable condition during the project period. Include rehabilitation of the access roads at the completion as a component of this project.
Page 8 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy A001 5. Operation of rock quarries:- Crushed and uncrushed rock should only be obtained from suppliers and sites where the environmental requirements in relation to their operation have been satisfactorily implemented. Quarries where disputes with the community are involved should be avoided. The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor's operations should be addressed through the project.
6. Aggregate and earth borrow sources:- these materials should only be obtained from suppliers and sites where the environmental requirements in relation to their operation have been satisfactorily implemented. Sources where disputes with the community are involved should be avoided. The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor's operations should be addressed through the project.
7. Labour camps:- The labour camps can be an environmental hazard and a nuisance if they are not properly sited and hygienically maintained. The labour camps should not be established close to socially sensitive places such as close to schools, religious placers and environmentally sensitive places such as water bodies. All labour camps should be provided with proper sanitation, i.e. water supply and wastewater disposal including sewerage. Solid waste should be collected and regularly disposed of at municipal disposal sites. Sites where labour camps should not be established are identified in the EMAP.
8. Disposal of spoil:- Inappropriate disposal of spoil can result in environmental problems such as siltation of waterways and blocking of drainage paths, deterioration in water quality and unauthorized land-fill of wetlands. In general there is a high demand for such material however, care should be exercised to ensure it is not used in an unauthorized manner e.g. filling of wetlands. The contractor should maintain a stockpile spoil material at one or more suitable locations for release to those who need the material provided it can be assured it is for an environmentally acceptable purpose. Otherwise the contractor should dispose the spoil at a municipal dumpsite or other suitable site having the approval of Local Authority.
9. Construction noise:- There are 31 noise sensitive sites along the road (closely located). These locations are identified in the EMAP. In addition the townships have high residential density and need to consider as noise sensitive sites. Excessive noise is a public nuisance and will interfere with activities of hospitals, schools, religious places and sensitive institutions. All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with noise reduction devices in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The operation of noisy machinery and equipment should be avoided during night and during noise sensitive times of the day.
10. Operational (ambient) traffic noise:- Noise level in highways are normally high in busy towns resulting from the passage of heavy traffic, the frequent stopping and
Page 9 of I8 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO 1 starting of vehicles, and constant use of vehicles horn etc. These effects are unavoidable where ribbon development is the norm however they can be mitigated to some extent by traffic management, alignment improvement e.g. widening, removal of obstructions, adequate signing etc., and the enforcement of traffic regulations. (Note: baseline noise measurements have not been made in this study).
11. Construction machinery:- The oil and grease released at service and vehicle repair and maintenance shops commonly pollute water-bodies. In order to prevent this, the contractor should ensure that all waste oil, grease etc from vehicle repair and service depots should be collected and properly disposed of. It is noted that waste oil has a value in the recycling market. The wastewater from these operations should be passed through a sedimentation basin to trap the silt and other deleterious products.
12. Asphalt plants:- Asphalt plants are major cause of air pollution and it is important not to site these units close to residential or other sensitive places. The siting of asphalt plants requires an Environmental Protection License (EPL), which imposes environmental conditions for the design and operation of the plant.
13. Construction traffic:- Construction traffic will be required to operate along the existing highway, increasing the traffic density and causing disruption to normal vehicles movement in this road. For safety reasons and to minimise inconvenience to road users it is important adequate traffic control and signing is implemented where construction is taking place. Formal traffic management plans should be prepared to the satisfaction of the Engineer and in consultation with the local police. Trained people only should be used for traffic control operations.
14. Traffic congestion:- This road is a main highway and traffic volume is very high. Construction work will certainly create significant traffic problems. Accordingly traffic management just at the location where construction work is going on may not be adequate to mitigate the problem. It will require other measures such as identification of diversion roads, providing information to motorist well in advance to take alternative routes, carrying out work at night etc. This means an overall plan on traffic management is required before the start of the construction work. Contractor must implement these plans through out the construction.
15. Work on hydraulic structures and bridges:- The work involved with these structures can pollute water quality during construction activities temporarily affecting people using the stream or river for bathing and washing. The contractor should take appropriate measures, in consultation with the appropriate agency, to minimize water pollution particularly where water supply intakes are within the influence of the works.
Page 10 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO 1 16. Protection of archaeological monuments: Care should be taken in carrying out construction activities not to damage archaeological monuments. Vibration in particular is major area that needs consideration. The contractor must carry out investigation on what measures required to safeguards these monuments in consultation with the Department of Archaeology and the Engineer and take such action prior to stating of the construction work and while the work is going on.
2.7 Environmental Management Plan
Compliance with environmental mitigation recommendations. Action Implementing Monitoring responsibility responsibility Planting of trees - The planting of selected trees species at specified locations can be Local Authority RDA entrusted to LAs or to local NGOs with NGO financial support from the project Precautionary measures for blasting work Contractor Consultant/"Engineer Alternative materials for sand Design RDA Prepare a detailed traffic management plan Contractor RDA for the entire road section before commencement of construction work
Selection of suppliers based on compliance Contractor Consultant/"Engineer with environmental safeguards Proper maintenance of minor roads used Contractor Consultant/"Engineer for transport of material Final rehabilitation of minor roads used for Contractor Consultant/"Engineer transport of material Siting of labour camps and their Contractor Consultant/"Engineer maintenance Disposal of spoil Contractor Consultant/"Engineer Measures on controlling construction noise Contractor Consultant/"Engineer Measures against controlling operation Design RDA / Police noise consultant Prevention of pollution from construction Contractor Consultant/"Engineer machinery servicing and repair station Prevention of pollution from asphalt plants Contractor CEA/LA Control of traffic during construction Contractor Police /Consultant/"Engineer Measures on prevention of water quality deterioration due to rehabilitation of Contractor Consultant/"Engineer hydraulic structures and bridges I_I_I Measures to safeguard archaeological Contractor Department of monuments Archaeology
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Effect monitoring Implementing Monitoring Effect responsibility responsibility Success of the tree plantation Local Authority/ RDA NGO Adverse situations cause by extraction of RDA CEA sandII Air pollution due to asphalt plants RDA CEA
2.8 Environmental Management Action Plan
An Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) has been developed for inclusion in the contract documents for the information and guidance of the Contractor in complying with the appropriate environmental regulations during his pre-construction, construction and post- construction operations. The EMAP is presented in annexure I. The last column of the EMAP the "Specific Location of Application" describes the environmental features, their locations and their extents, relevant to each clause of EMAP. When environmental features are located a band of 3m from the road pavement edge has been considered. These environmental features, which are located/marked on a map which is called "environmental features map" is presented in the annexure II.
Chapter 3 Social Aspects
3.1 Collection of data
Socio-economic data has been collected for the entire length of the project road, in relation to properties located within ROW and those within the immediate vicinity of the road, i.e., approximately 50 meters on both sides of the road, that may be affected due to road improvement. The socio-economic environment data for the area of influence of the road, obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics was analyzed to provide the basis of the study.
3.2 Assumption made in interpreting data/information
* The road will not be widened significantly under the proposed project and therefore, there will not be any significant resettlement of communities living close to the road. * Fences, boundary walls and other such features constructed within ROW will present obstacles where localized widening is require and their removal will therefore be necessary.
Page 12 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO 1 * The general population and public institutions e.g. schools, hospitals religious and cultural institutions etc located in project influence area (PIA) will benefit from the proposed improvements to the road service level. * The respective District Secretaries (DS) administrative divisions, through which the road runs, are considered as areas of project influence therefore, data on population and public institutions within these areas has been analysed and used as the basis of the study. * About 20% of Gampaha District, 50% of Kegalle district and 30% of Kandy district will have some influence due to improvement of the proposed road. Therefore, information on socio-economic properties in the road influential areas of these three districts is used to assess the likelihood project impact.
3.3 Potential Impacts
3.3.1 Beneficial impacts
The population in the project influential areas in the three districts ( Gampaha, Kegalle and Kandy) will have effective access facilities to various socio-economic centres as shown in table 1.
Table 3.1 Beneficiary Population and Institutions in PIA of Project Road
Social Population No of No of school No of No of features schools children houses Institutions Total number 2511280 1436 570987 648293 742856 Number /km 32614 19 7415 8419 9647 Source- Department of census and statistics-2001
Note: The total population includes 1221534 male and 1289746 female. It is 15864 male and 16750 female per km of the road length.
The improvements to the proposed road may create positive impacts on the livelihood activities of the people especially, below the poverty line of the country. About 197,176 families are receiving government subsidies under its major poverty alleviation program known as "Samurdhi". (This is about 2561 families per/km of the road length) It means about 31% of the total families in the project influential areas of the districts are below the poverty line of the country. (Source-Census and statistics Department -2001) The Nittambuwa-Kandy road runs through 9 DS divisions (Meerigama, Attanagalla, Harispattuwa, Yatinuwara, Ranbukkana, Mawanella, Kegalle, Galigamuwa and Warakapola) of which the combined population is about 908894. It can reasonably be assumed therefore, that this number of people would derive some form of benefits from the project. I.e. there are large numbers of various socio-economic institutions located within the PIA as shown in Table 3.2 below, who will use and will need to reach these institutes for various purposes.
Page 13 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO1 Table 3.2 Beneficiary Population and Institutions in PIA of Project Road
Collective Non- Social Population Houses Residential Intuitions Housing Feature Buildings Units
Total 908894 217934 435 1074 27431 number Number 11803 2830 6 14 356
/km______Source- Department of census and statistics-2001
More immediately, the institutions and population centres listed below and which are within or adjacent to the project corridor will benefit directly from improved access:
* 25 no Religious places * 73 no. Business places ( markets and shopping complexes and urban centres etc) * 20 no. Public institutes such as hospitals, schools etc. * 4 no. Cemeteries and other locations in common use
3.3.2 Negative Impacts Structures within a band of 3m either side of the road pavement edge have been observed at various points along the road as detailed below in the table 3.3. In the event that widening is strictly required for visibility and horizontal road alignment improvement, some of these properties have to be removed during the construction phase.
Table 3.3 Location of the property - Side Nature of the property properties Chainage (km) properties 40.3 RHS Shop 1 41.1 LHS Boundary wall 1 41.4 RHS House 1 41.7 RHS Boundary wall 1 42.5 RHS Shop 1 42.6 RHS Temporary shop 1 42.6 RHS Temporary shop 1 44.4 LHS Temporary shop 1 46.1 RHS Boundary wall 1 47.2 LHS Temporary shop 1 47.2 RHS Temporary shop 1 47.2 RHS Temporary shop 1 49.2 RHS Shop 1 49.2 RHS Shop 1 Page 14 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO 1 52.4 LHS House 1 56.4 LHS Shop 1 56.4 LHS Temporary shop 1 56.2 LHS Temporary shop 1 62.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 65.1 LHS Boundary wall 1 65.1 LHS Boundary wall 1 67.9 LHS Boundary wall 1 72.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 72.7 RHS Boundary wall 1 72.7 RHS House 1 74.3 LHS Shop 1 79.2 LHS Shop 1 79.2 LHS Shop 1 79.2 LHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS House 1 79.4 LHS House 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 RHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS | Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 RHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 RHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 LHS Shop 1 79.4 RHS Shop 1 79.4 RHS Shop 1 84.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 85.4 LHS Shop 1 86.6 RHS Boundary wall 1 88.4 RHS House 1 89 LHS Shop( two story building) 1 89 LHS Shop( two story building) 1 89.0 RHS House 1 92.7 LHS Boundary wall 1 94.1 LHS Shop 1 94.1 LHS House 1 94.1 LHS Shop 1 93.8 LHS Shop 1 93.8 LHS Shop 1 94.1 LHS Shop 1 Page 15 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO I 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 RHS House 1 94.0 RHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 RHS Shop 1 94.0 RHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.0 RHS Shop 1 94.0 RHS Shop 1 94.0 LHS Shop 1 94.1 RHS Shop 1 94.1 RHS Shop 1 94.1 LHS Shop 1 94.1 RHS House 1 94.1 LHS shop 1 94.1 LHS Shop 1 94.1 RHS House 1 94.1 LHS Shop 1 94.1 LHS shop 1 97.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 97.7 RHS Temporary shop 1 98.6 LHS Boundary/water tank 2 98.6 RHS Boundary wall/ sewerage pit 2 99.0 LHS Shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Boundary wall 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.0 LHS Temporary shop 1 Page 16 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO 1 99.3 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.3 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.3 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.3 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 99.7 LHS Temporary shop 1 101.4 RHS House 1 101.4 RHS Shop 1 101.4 RHS Shop 1 101.4 RHS Shop 1 101.4 RHS Shop 1 101.4 RHS Well/shop 1 101.5 RHS Shop 1 101.5 RHS Shop 1 101.5 RHS Shop 1 101.5 LHS Shop 1 101.5 LHS Shop 1 101.5 RHS Shop 1 101.5 RHS House 1 101.6 LHS Shop 1 101.6 RHS Shop 1 101.6 RHS Shop 1 101.7 LHS House 1 101.9 RHS House 1 102.1 RHS House 1 102.1 RHS Shop 1 113.2 RHS Boundary wall 1 113.3 RHS Boundary wall 1 113.3 RHS Shop 1 113.3 RHS Shop 1 113.3 RHS Shop 1 113.3 LHS House 1 113.3 LHS Boundary wall 1 113.3 LHS Boundary wall 1 113.4 RHS House 1 113.4 RHS shop 1 I __ __ _ I__Total 154
Page 17 of 18 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Nittambuwa-Kandy AOO 1
3.3.3 Mitigation of Negative Impacts:
In accordance with the law the RDA has authority to remove the establishments constructed within ROW without paying any compensation. However, a policy decision has been taken to pay compensation in respect of demolition and relocation of these features in accordance with the World Bank's 'Involuntary Resettlement' guidelines and National Involuntary Resettlement policy. The total cost in this connection is estimated to be approximately Rs 26.58 million however, since the proposed project is not intended to extend the existing road width except for localized improvements, only some of these properties may be affected by construction activities and require removal.
It is ensured that all affectees and affected assets will be clearly identified and compensated in accordance with the Social Impact Management Framework (SMIF) prior to commencement of any physical activity of the project. The SMIF is presented in the annexure III.
Page 18 of 18 Feb 2006 It pWP?V World Bank Funded
'E v / Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) Cs, T II L1~- KATADI
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Figure 1.1 Project Location i
I
i i i Annexure I Environmental Mana2ement Action Plan (EMAP)
The Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) forms part of the Bid Documents and will be considered alongside the specifications. Thereby the prescriptions detailed in the EMAP are mandatory in nature and also contractually binding. The EMAP will also equally applicable to sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors if any. The main contractor will be responsible for the compliance with the requirements of the EMAP by sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors. With the assistance of the Construction Supervision Consultant the "Engineer" on behalf of the Employer the Road Development Authority (RDA) will monitor the compliance of EMAP by the contractor.
The EMAP identifies the locations where the EMAP Clauses are particularly applicable. It is necessary that the contractor refer to the Environmental Features Map (Annexure 11) prepared alongside the EMAP. This Environmental Features Map provides the location information of the referenced or affected roadside environmental features in relation to the road trace.
1 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 1. Earthwork and Soil Conservation 1.1 Disposal of Debris and Spoil Specific Location of Application (a) All debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be disposed only at locations approved by the engineer for such purpose and subjected to the Clauses 1.L.b and l.l.c. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~theroad section (& project) (b) If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the approval form the relevant -do- Local Authority for disposal of debris and spoil at the specified location. (c) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that (i) waterways and drainage -do-; paths are not blocked, (ii) the disposed material should not be washed away by floods and (iii) should not be a nuisance to the public. (d) If directed by the Engineer the debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be used, to fill the borrow areas as directed by the Engineer, subject to laying of -do- topsoil as per EMAP Clause 1.2. (e) If consented by the Engineer contractor can dispose the debris and spoil as a filling material provided that the contractor can ensure that such material is used for legally -do- acceptable purposes with disposed in an environmentally acceptable manner. 1.2 Conservation and Reuse of Top Soil (a) Topsoil of the agricultural areas and any other productive areas where it has to be removed for the purpose of this project shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm Ap and stored in stockpiles of height not exceeding 2m, if directed by the Engineer. If the Aphicable through out the road contractor is in any doubt on whether to conserve the topsoil or not for any given area he ction ( & project) shall obtain the direction from the Engineer in writing. (b) Such stockpiled topsoil must be retumed to cover the areas including cut slopes where the -do- topsoil has been removed due to project activities. Residual topsoil must be distributed on adjoining/proximate barren areas as identified by the Engineer in a layer of thickness of 75mm - 150mm. Stockpiles should be placed outside flood affected areas. (c) Topsoil thus stockpiled for reuse shall not be surcharged or overburdened. As far as possible -do- multiple handling of topsoil stockpiles should be kept to a minimum.
1.3 Protection of Ground Cover and Vegetation (a) Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment shall be used and stationed only in the Applicable through out the road areas of work and in any other designated areas by the Engineer. |section ( & project)
2 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (b) Contractor shall provide necessary instructions to drivers and operators not to destroy -do- ground vegetation cover unnecessarily.
1.4 Borrowing of Earth (a) Borrowing within the RoW is prohibited-under this contract. However, earth available Applicable through out the road from excavation for roadside drains as per design, may be used as embankment material, section (& project) subject to approval of the Engineer. (b) Contractor shall comply with the environmental requirements/guidelines issued by the -do- Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the respective Local Authority in respect of locating borrow areas and with regard to all operations related with excavation and transportation of earth from such sites. (c) All borrow pits/areas shall be rehabilitated at the end of their use by the contractor in -do- accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by the Central Environmental Authorty (CEA) and the respective Local Authority. (d) Borrow areas shall not be opened without the permission of the Engineer. The location, -do- depth of excavation and the extent of the pit or open cut area shall be as approved by the Engineer. (e) Establishment of borrow pits/areas and its operational activities shall not endanger the -do- , properties. Also shall not be a danger or health hazard to the people. 1.5 Safety against Soil Failures (a) Contractor shall take all steps necessary to ensure the stability of slopes including those Applicable through out the road related to temporary works and borrow pits. section (& project);
Specific area of significant erosion was not observed. However, attention should be paid in areas of steep slops.
Take note of areas where roadside mining is taking place; 74.7; 90.5; 95.8; kilometres;
Refer to the environmental features map for details on side ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~wherethe erosion was observed. Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (b) If the area is classified as an area prone to soil failures / land slides by the National Applicable through out the road Building Research Organization (NBRO) contractor shall seek their advice prior to section (&project),- engage in deep excavations for earth extraction or any other construction purpose. The Earth slip noted at 97.0 kilometres NBRO recommendations shall be submitted to the Engineer.
1.6 Prevention of Soil Erosion (a) Embankment slopes, slopes of cuts, etc. shall not be unduly exposed to erosive forces. Applicable through out the road These exposed slopes shall be graded and covered by grass as per the specifications. section (&project); Specific area of significant erosion was not observed. However, attention should be paid in areas of steep slops.
Refer to the environmental features map for details on side where the erosion was observed. (b) Work that lead to heavy erosion shall be avoided during the raining season. If such -do- activities need to be continued during rainy season prior approval must be obtained from the Engineer by submitting a proposal on actions that will be undertaken by the contractor to prevent erosion. (c) The work, permanent or temporary shall consist of measures as per design or as directed -do- by the Engineer to control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes, sediment basins, fibre mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices. All sedimentation and pollution control works and maintenance thereof are deemed, as incidental to the earthwork or other items of work and no separate payment will be made for their implementation.
4 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 1.7 Contamination of Soil by Fuel and Lubricants (a) Vehicle/machinery and equipment serving and maintenance work shall be carried out Applicable through out the road only in designated locations/service stations approved by the Engineer. Avoid sensitive section (&project); location such as close to streams/rivers; just upstream of wells and springs used by community and areas of flooding. Important river/stream locations: (C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C75/4; B90/6; B 107/7; C107/8
Stretches where rivers/streams go parallel close to the road 74.4- 74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometres kilometres
Wells and springs and other public water sources locations; 39.6; 39.7; 42.9; 52.3; 97.0-98.0 kilometres
(b) Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater shall not be discharged on Applicable through out the road ground so that it causes soil pollution. Adequate measures shall be taken against pollution section (&project); of soil by spillage of petroleum/oil products from storage tanks and containers. All waste petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with the guidelines issued by the CEA or the engineer. (c) Sites used for vehicle and plant service and maintenance shall be restored back to its -do- initial status. Site restoration will be considered as incidental to work.
1.8 Disposal of Harmful Construction Wastes (a) Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide list of harmful, hazardous Applicable through out the road and risky chemicals/material that will be used in the project work to the Engineer. section (& project); Contractor shall also provide the list of places where such chemicals/materials or their containers or other harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of the project. (b) New disposal sites shall not be created as part of this project. Disposal of such waste -do- shall be to the sites designated by the CEA or the Engineer. (c) The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies affected/contaminated (if -do- any) as directed by the Engineer at lis own cost.
5 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 1.9 Quarry Operations (a) Rock quarries from where metal aggregate is obtained shall have approval from the Applicable through out the road Geological Survey and Mines Bureau as well as the current Environmental Protection section (&project); Licence. It is recommended not to sought material from quarries that have on-going disputes with community. (b) The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the -do- contractor's operations shall be a responsibility of the contractor. 2. Water - Protection of Water Sources and Quality 2.1 Loss of Minor Water Sources and Disruption to Water Users (a) Contractor shall protect sources of water (potable or otherwise) such as wells, spnngs Applicable through out the road used by the community so that continued use these water sources will not be disrupted by section; the work. In case the closer of such sources is required on permanent or temporary basis Wells and springs and other contractor shall provide alternative arrangement for supply. Altemative sources such as public water sources locations; wells thus provided should be within acceptable distance to the original sources and 39.6; 39.7; 42.9; 52.3; 97.0-98.0 accessible to the affected community. kilometres (b) Contractor shall not divert, close or block existing canals and streams in a manner that Applicable through out the road adversely affect down-stream intake(s). If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and section (&project); streams is required for the execution of work, contractor must first obtain the Engineers All culvers and bridges approval in writing. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the National Water Supply and Drainage Board or Local Authority or Divisional Secretary depending on the Stretches where rivers/streams go operating agency of the intake/water supply. Contractors shall restore the drainage path paretchewhere road go back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage ceased parallel close to the road 74.4- to exist. During the affected period contractor shall supply water to the affected 74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometres community. (c) In case the contractors activities going to adversely affect the quantity or quality of water, -do- the Contractor shall serve notice to the relevant authorities and downstream users of water sufficiently in advance.
2.2 Siltation into Water Bodies (a) Contractor shall take measures necessary to prevent siltation of water bodies as a result of Applicable through out the road his work including construction of temporary/permanent devices to prevent water section (& project); pollution due to siltation and increase of turbidity. These shall include the measures against erosion as per EMAP Clause 1.6. (b) Construction materials containing small/fine particles shall be stored in places not No flooding subjected to flooding and in such a manner that these materials will not be washed away _ _ ~~~~~~~~byrunoff.
6 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 2.3 Alteration of drainage paths (a) Contractor shall not close or block existing canals and streams permanently. If diversion All culvert and bridge locations. or closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the execution of work, contractor must first obtain the Engineers approval in writting. Contractor shall carry out Stretches where rivers/streams go an investigation and report to the Engineer, if an investigation is requested by the parallel close to the road 74.4- Engineer. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the relevant agency such as 74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometres Irrigation Department/Agrarian Services Department/Divisional Secretary prior to such action is taken. Contractors shall restore the drainage path back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage is no longer required. (b) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways and drainage Applicable through out the road paths are not blocked. section (&project);
2.4 Contamination of Water from Construction Wastes (a) The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of natural watercourses, Applicable through out the road ponds, tanks and reservoirs is avoided. Measures shall be taken to prevent the wastewater section (&project); produced in construction from entering directly into streams, water bodies or the irrigation systems. (b) Construction work close to the streams or water bodies shall be avoided during heavy All culvert and bridge locations rainy/monsoon periods. Stretches where rivers/streams go parallel close to the road 74.4- 74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometres
(c) The discharge standards promulgated under the National Environmental Act shall be Applicable through out the road strictly adhered to. All waste arising from the project is to be disposed in a manner that is section (& project); acceptable to the Engineer and as per the guidelines/instructions issued by the CEA. 2.9 Contamination from Fuel and Lubricants (a) All vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be located and operated as Applicable through out the road per the conditions and/or guidelines issued by the Central Environmental Authority. In section (&project); general these should be located away from water-bodies and wastewater shall not be Locations of water-bodies as disposed without meeting the disposal standards of the CEA. Wastewater from vehicle Clause 1.7 (a) and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be removed of oil and grease and other contaminants to meet the relevant standards before discharging to the environment. (b) Vehicle, machinery & equipment maintenance and re-fuelling shall be done as required in Applicable through out the road EMAP clause 1.7 to prevent water pollution as well. section (&project);
7 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 2.10 Locating, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps (a) Sitting of labour camps shall have the Engineers approval and comply with Applicable through out the road guidelines/recommendations issued by the CEA/LA. Construction labourers' camps shall section (& project); not be located within 200m from waterways, within an area coming under DWLC or Important river/stream locations: DoF, near to a site or premises of religious, cultural or archaeological importance and (C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C75/4; schools. B90/6; B107/7; C107/8
Stretches where rivers/streams go parallel close to the road 74.4- 74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometres
Sensitive sites; Religious, cultural, schools, institutions etc.- 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7; 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4; 73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4; 94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85; 110.4; 110.5; 111.4; 111.5; 112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8; 114.05; 114.2 Kilometres
All urban areas (b) Labour camps shall be provided with adequate and appropriate facilities for disposal of Applicable through out the road sewerage and solid waste. The sewage systems shall be properly designed, built and section (& project); operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided in the camps and regularly emptied. Garbage should be disposed off in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. Compliance with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the CEA/LA shall be strictly adhered to. (c) Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and hygienic. Necessary measures -do- shall be taken to prevent breeding of vectors. (d) Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance in a labour camp -do- to the Engineer and the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) or to the Public Health Inspector (PHI) of the area immediately. Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued by the authorities, if any. (e) Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on disposal of wastewater. -do- Wastewater shall not be discharge to ground or waterways in a manner that will cause unacceptable surface or ground water pollution.
8 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (f) All relevant provisions of the Factories Act and any other relevant regulations aimed at safety -do- and health of workers shall be adhered to. (g) Contractor shall remove the labour camps fully after its need is over, empty septic tanks, -do- if instructed by the engineer shall be closed, remove all garbage, debris and clean and restore the area back to its former condition. 2.11 Wastage of Water and Waste Minimization (a) The contractor shall minimize wastage of water in the construction process/operations. Applicable through out the road ______section (& project); (b) The contractor shall educate and made employees aware on water conservation, waste -do- minimization and safe disposal of waste. 2.12 Extraction of Water (a) The Contractor is responsible for arranging adequate supply of water for the project purpose Applicable through out the road throughout the construction period. Contractor shall not obtain water for his purposes including section (&project); for labour camps from public or community water supplies without approval from the relevant authority. (b) Extraction of water by the Contractor for the project purposes shall comply with the guidelines -do- and instructions issued by the CEA. The Contractor shall not extract water from groundwater or from surface water-bodies without permission from the Engineer. If directed by the Engineer contractor must obtain approval from relevant agency for extraction of water prior to the commencement of the project. (c) Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in the dry Applicable through out the road session. Construction over the irrigation canals, if disruption to the flow, quality of water section (&project); and impact on the irrigation structure is expected (or probable in the view of the Important river/stream locations: Engineer), will be undertaken under necessary permission from the Department of (C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C75/4; Irrigation. 1B90/6; B 107/7; C 107/8 (e) The Contractor may use the natural sources of water subject to the provision that any Applicable through out the road claim arising out of conflicts with other users of the said natural sources of water shall be section (&project); made good entirely by the contractor. 3. Flood Prevention 3.1 Blockage of drainage paths and drains (a) Contractor's activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of blocked Applicable through out the road drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all measures necessary or as directed section (& project); by the Engineer to keep all drainage paths and drains clear of blockage at all times. (b) If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor's activities, contractors shall -do- provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent damage to land and property. Contractor shall compensate for any loss of income or damage as a result.
9 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 3.2 Work in Flood Prone Areas (a) Contractor's activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood prone areas when No flooding working in flood prone areas. (b) When working in flood prone areas during rainy season the contractor shall avoid storing -do- materials, chemicals and other items of work in areas where those can be washed away by the floods.
4. Air PoDlution 4.1 Generation of Dust (a) The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating activities such as topsoil Applicable through out the road removal during periods of high winds or during more stable conditions with winds section (&project); directed towards adjacent residences and other facilities (b) All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors Sensitive sites; Religious, cultural, schools, institutions etc.- 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7; 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4; 73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4; 94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85; 110.4; 110.5; 111.4; 111.5; 112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8; 114.05; 114.2 Kilometres
All urban areas
(c) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage and dust emission. Applicable through out the road section (& project);
(d) The contractor shall avoid, where possible and take suitable action to prevent dirt and -do- mud being carried to the roads (particularly following wet weather); (e) The contractor shall enforce vehicle speed limits to minimise dust generation -do- (f) The contractor shall employ a water truck for dust suppression on all exposed areas as -do- required (note: the use of waste water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited); (g) All cleareJ areas shall be rehabilitated progressiwly. -do- (h) All earthwork shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the to minimise generation of -do- dust.
10 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (i) All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the contractor, or any of his sub- -do- contractor or supplies of materials or plant and similarly roads which are part of the works shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles or their tyres. (i) Clearance shall be effected immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or, if -do- so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical sweeping and clearing equipment, and all dust, mud and other debris shall be removed satisfactorily. Additionally, if so directed by the Engineer, the road surfaces shall be hosed or watered using appropriate equipments. (k) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be so handled (including dismantling) so as to -do- minimise generation of dust. (I) The Contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust emission from the -do- hot mix plants and the batching plants up to the satisfaction of the Engineer in accordance with the relevant emission norms. (m) The hot mix plant be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines and operated with an EPL -do- and subjected to meeting the conditions stated in the EPL. The hot mix plants shall be fitted with dust extraction units in order that the exhausts comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation. 4.2 Emission from Hot-Mix Plants and Batching Plants (a) The hot mix plants and batching plants shall be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines. Sensitive sites; Religious, It is recommended that hot mix plants and batching plants to be located sufficiently away cultural, schools, institutions etc.- from sensitive receptors such as vulnerable habitats, religious, cultural and archaeological 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7; sites, residential areas, schools and industrial areas. 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4; 73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4; 94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85; 110.4; 110.5; '111.4; 111.5; 112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8; 114.05; 114.2 Kilometres Peradeniya Botanical Gardens All urban areas
(b) The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control Applicable through out the road legislation. All operations at plants shall be undertaken in accordance with al current rules and section (&project); regulations protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the EPL.
11 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 4.3 Odour and offensive smells (a) Contractor shall take all precautions to prevent odour and offensive smell emanating from Applicable through out the road chemicals and processes applied in construction works or from labour camps. In a section (&project); situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occur contractor shall take immediate action to rectify the situation. Contractor is responsible for any compensation involved with any health issue arisen out of bad odour and offensive smells. (b) The waste disposal and sewerage treatment system for the labour camps shall be properly 'do- designed, built and operated so that no odour is generated. Compliance with the regulations on health and safety as well as CEA guidelines shall be strictly adhered to. 4.4 Emission from Construction Vehicles, Equipment and machinery (a) The emission standards promulgated under the National Environment Act shall be strictly Applicable through out the road adhered to. section (&project);
(b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be regularly serviced -do- and well maintained to ensure that emission levels comply with the relevant standards.
4.5 Air Pollution from Crusher (a) All crushers used in construction shall confirm to relevant dust emissions levels as stated Applicable through out the road in the EPL. Only the quarries approved by GSMB and holding current EPL shall be used. section (&project);
(b) Crushing plants shall be sited sufficiently away from sensitive receptors such as houses, Applicable through out the road schools, hospitals, temples, shrines and outdoor recreation areas or as required by the section; Avoid sensitive sites and engineer. high density areas Sensitive sites; Religious, cultural, schools, institutions etc.- 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7; 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4; 73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4; 94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85; 110.4; 110.5; 111.4; 111.5; 112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8; 114.05; 114.2 Kilometres Peradeniya Botanical Gardens
There are high- density areas such as towns along the road.
12 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (c) Sprinkler system for dust suppression shall be installed. Applicable through out the road _ f______-______j section (&project);
5. Noise Pollution and Vibration 5.1 Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipment. (a) All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with noise reduction Applicable through out the road devices in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. section (&project);
(b) In construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such Sensitive sites; Religious, as crushing, concrete mixing and batching, mechanical compaction, etc., will be stopped cultural, schools, institutions etc.- between 2000 hours to 0600 hours. In silence zone (areas up to 100 m around such 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7; premises as hospitals, educational institutional and courts) no hot-mix, batching or 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4; aggregate crushing plant will be allowed. No construction shall take place within lOOm 73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4; around hospitals between 2000 hours to 0600 hours. Near noise sensitive sites, such as 94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85; hospitals, educational institutional and courts noisy equipment shall not be used during 110.4; 110.5; 111.4; 111.5; noise sensitive times of the day. 112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8; 114.05; 114.2 Kilometres
(b) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silences. Applicable through out the road During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be section (&project); checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with the relevant legislation for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plant shall be removed from site. (c) Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at one meter from -do- the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB(A). (d) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and proper, to the Applicable through out the road satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a minimum. section (&project);
(e) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working with or in crushing, -do- compaction, batching or concrete mixing operations shall be provided with protective gear. 5.2 Vibration (a) Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that construction works do not result in Applicable through out the road damage to adjacent properties due to vibration. section (&project);
13 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (b) Prior to commencement of any activity, the Contractor shall undertake a condition survey -do- of existing structures within the zone of influence, as agreed with the relevant govemment agencies and the engineer. (c) Contractor shall carry out monitoring at the nearest vibration sensitive receptor during -do- blasting or when other equipments causing vibration are used. (d) The contractor shall modify the method of construction until compliance with the criteria, -do- if vibration levels exceed the relevant vibration criteria. (f) Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts of blasting on adjoining -do- structures. Explosive loads shall be determined so that excessive vibration can be avoided and blasts shall be controlled blasting in nature. Notwithstanding to these provisions contractor is liable for any damage caused by blasting work. 5.2 Noise from Blasting or Pre splitting Operations. (a) Blasting shall be carried out only with permission of the Engineer. All the statutory laws, Applicable through out the road regulators, rules, etc., pertaining to acquisition, transport, storage, handling and use of section (&project); explosives shall be strictly followed. (b) Blasting shall be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day), as permitted -do- by the Engineer. The timing should be made known to all the people within 500m (200m Altogether 16 boulders and 7 for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions. People, except those who stretches of rock/boulders located actually light the fuse shall be excluded from the area of 200m (50m for pre-splitting) close to the road edge are from the blasting site in all direchions at least I Om minutes before the blasting. identified and marked on the environmental features map. Sensitive sites; Religious, cultural, schools, institutions etc.- 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7; 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4; 73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4; 94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85; 110.4; 110.5; 111.4; 111.5; 112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8; 114.05; 114.2 Kilometres
14 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 6. Impact on Flora 6.1 Loss or Damage to Trees and Vegetation (a) All works shall be carried out in a manner that tl,e destruction to the flora and their Applicable through out the road habitats is minimised. Trees and vegetation shall be felled / removed only if that impinge section (&project); directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works. In all such cases Altogether 318 trees of timber contractor shall take prior approval from the Engineer. value/fruit species/use and number of stretches with row of planted trees are identfied within 3m from the both sides of the road edge. There locations are marked in the environmental features map. Forest stretch in steep slope 97.6- 99.0 kilometres
(b) Contractor shall make every effort to avoid removal and/or destruction of trees of Tees of religious importance religious, cultural and aesthetic significance. If such action is unavoidable the Engineer within 3m from the road edge at shall be informed in advance and carry out public consultation and report on the same 48.0; 63.1; 100.3; 107.5; 109.3; should be submitted to the Engineer. kilometres
(c) Contractor shall adhere to the guidelines and recommendations made by the Central Applicable through out the road Environmental Authority, if any with regard to felling of trees and removal of vegetation. section (&project);
(d) If the trees and vegetations that require removal is in a forest plantation or natural forest Not applicable under the jurisdiction of the Department of Forest, the contractor shall take prior approval form the DoF for such removal and adhere to conditions /guidelines imposed by the DoF if any. (e) If the trees and vegetations that require removal is in a sanctuary, nature reserve, national Not applicable park or protected area under jurisdiction of the Department of Wildlife Conservation, the contractor shall take prior approval form the DWLC for such removal and adhere to conditions /guidelines imposed by the DWLC if any. 6.2 Chance found important Flora
(a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered flora species is found, it shall be Applicable through out the road immediately informed to the Engineer. All activities that could destroy such flora and/or section (&project); its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer's approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such flora and/or its habitat.
15 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor
7. Impact on Fauna 7.1 Loss, Damage or Disruption to Fauna (a) All works shall be carried out in such a manner that the destruction or disruption to the Applicable through out the road fauna and their habitats is minimum. section (&project);
(b) Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna including wild animals and -do- aquatic life as well as their habitats. Hunting, pouching and unauthorized fishing by project workers is not allowed. (c) Construction workers shall not be allowed to trespass into sanctuaries, national parks, and Not applicable protected areas if the road is traversing through such areas. 7.2 Chance found important Fauna (a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna species is found, it shall be Applicable through out the road immediately informed to the Engineer. All activities that could destroy such fauna and/or section (& project); its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer's approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat. 8. Disruption to Users 8.1 Loss of Access (a) At all times, the Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, Applicable through out the road pedestrians and livestock to and from side roads and property accesses connecting the section (&project); project road. Work that affects the use of side roads and existing accesses shall not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions to the prior satisfaction of the Engineer. (b) The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the convenience of public -do- or the access to, use and occupation of public or pnvate roads, railways and any other access footpaths to or of properties whether public or pnvate. (c) On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall be cleared away, -do- all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 8.2 Traffic Jams and Congestion (a) Detailed Traffic Control Plans shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer for Applicable through out the road approval 5 days prior to commencement of works on any section of road. The traffic section (&project); control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic and details of traffic arrangements after cession of work each day. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic ______arrangement from the Local Police.
16 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (b) Temporary diversion of traffic to facilitate construction work shall have the approval of Applicable through out the road the Engineer. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the section; traffic arrangement from the Local Police.
(c) Special consideration shall be given in the preparation of the traffic control plan to the -do- safety of pedestrians and workers at night. (d) The contractor shall ensure that the running surface is always property maintained, -do- particularly during the monsoon so that no disruption to the traffic flow occurs. (e) The temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent application of water, if -do- necessary. (f) Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly trained, provided -do- with proper gear includitig communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. All signs, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be to the standards and approved by the Engineer/ Police. 8.3 Traffic Control and Safety (a) The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during Applicable through out the road construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, section (&project); flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of the highways under improvement The provision of traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to work and follow ICTAD guidelines and instructions given by the Police, if any. 9. Accidents and Risks 9.1 Public and Worker safety (a) All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of the workers and the public Applicable through out the road from accidents such as fire, explosions, blasts, falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, section (&project); breaking flood diversions, chemical sprays, unsafe power supply lines etc. (b) The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the workmen as per the -do- international labour organisation (ILO) convention No. 62 and Safety and Heath regulations of the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent that those are applicable to this contract. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.
17 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 9.2 Prevention of Risks of Electrocution (a) All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm to British Standards (BS) or Applicable through out the road relevant Sri Lankan Standards. Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent danger of section (&project); electrocuting from electrical equipment and power supply lines including distribution boards, transformers, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger/red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good working order, be regularly inspected and as per BS provisions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 9.3 Risk at Hazardous Activity (a) All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with necessary protective Applicable through out the road gear. These activities include mixing asphalt material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., section (&project); welding work, work at crushing plants, blasting work, operators of machinery and equipment such as power saws, etc. (b) The use of any toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's Applicable through out the road instructions. The Engineer shall be notified of toxic chemicals that are planed to be used section (&project); in all contract related activities. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredienis, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. 9.4 Lead Pollution (a) No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except in the form of paste or Applicable through out the road readymade paint. Facemasks shall be supplied to workers who are working in spray section (&project); i____ painting or scraping lead paints. 9.5 Handling of Explosives (a) Except as provided in the contract or ordered or authorised by the Engineer, the Applicable through out the road Contractor shall not use explosives. Where the use of explosives is so provided or section (&project); ordered or authorised, the Contractor shall comply with the requirements of the following Sub-Clauses of this Clause besides the law of the land as applicable. (b) The Contractor shall at all times take every possible precaution and shall comply with -do- relevant laws and regulations relating to the importation, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives. ContTactor shall obtain Defence Ministry approval for importing ______and handling explosives and keep the Local Police informed of the same.
18 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (c) Contractor shall take precaution to prevent injury to people and damage the Applicable through out the road structures/houses and vehicles in the vicinity at the locations of blasting work. Blasting section (&project); should be controlled to prevent vibration damage to structures and injury to people. The vehicles and road users should be stopped at a reasonable distance trom the site and people in the vicinity should be informed when the blasting is carried out. Any debris on the road should be removed promptly before clearing the road for users. Blasting work should be carried out in off peak hours but not during the hours of darkness or at other times, which may cause unacceptable disturbance to religious or other ceremonies. (d) Sufficient and adequate warning shall be given prior to blasting. Use of flagmen, siren, -do- etc. should be arranged to the full satisfaction of the Engineer. The public in the area should be informed well in advance about the blasting operation and timing.
10. Health and Safety 10.1 Prevention of Vector based Diseases (a) Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of mosquitoes at places of Applicable through out the road work, labour camps, plus office and store buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas section (&project); including gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc shall be prevented. )Approved chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and lave should be regularly applied. (b) Contractor shall keep all places of work, labour camps, plus office and store buildings -do- clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies. 10.2 Workers Health and Safety (a) Contractor shall comply with the provisions in Health and Safety regulations under the Applicable through out the road Factory Ordinance with regard to provision of health and safety measures and amenities section (&project); at work place(s). 10.2 First Aid
(a) At every workplace, first aid kit shall be provided as per the regulations. At every Applicable through out the road workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff section (& project); l______shall be provided. 10.3 Potable Water (a) In every workplace and labour camps portable water shall be available through out the Applicable through out the road day in sufficient quantities. Water should be easily accessible. In general cold portable section (&project); water is acceptable.
19 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 10.4 Hygiene (a) The contractor shall provide and maintain necessary (temporary) living accommodation Applicable through out the road and ancillary facilities for labour to standards and scale approved by the resident section (& project); engineer. (b) At every workplace and labour camps sufficient number of bathing facilities, latrines and -do- urinals shall be provided in accordance with the Health and Safety regulations and/or as directed by the Engineer. These bathroom and toilet facilities shall be suitably located within the workplace/buildings. Latrines shall be cleaned at least three times daily in the morning, midday and evening and kept in a strict sanitary condition. If women are employed, separate latrines and urinals, screened from those for men and marked in the vernacular shall provided. There shall be adequate supply of water, within and close to latrines and urinals. (c) The sewage system for the camp must be properly designed, built and operated so that no -do- health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjacent watercourses takes place. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered to (d) Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage -do- disposed off in a hygienic manner. Construction camps shall have a clean hygienic environment and adequate health care shall be provided for the work force. (d) Unless otherwise arranged for by the Local Authority, the contractor shall arrange proper -do- disposal of sludge from septic tanks. The contractor shall obtain approval for such disposal from the Public Health Inspector of the area.
20 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 11 Protection of Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties 11.1 Prevention of damage to Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties (a) All necessary and adequate care shall be taken to minimize impact on archaeolugical and Applicable through out the road cultural properties which includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship including section (&project); temples, mosques, churches and shrines, etc., graveyards, monuments and any other Identified locations are: important structures during construction. Work shall not encroach in to such properties, Tees of religious importance premises and precincts under any circumstances. within 3m from the road edge at 48.0; 63.1; 100.3; 107.5; 109.3; kilometres Temples and other religious places- 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 55.7; 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 73.85; 77.7; 79.85; 91.6; 93.4; 94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85; 110.5; 111.3; Kilometres
(b) Conservation and protection measures shall be taken up as per design and as per the Applicable through out the road instructions issued by the Department of Archaeology or Department of Cultural Affairs section (&project); when working close to or within such sites. Contractor shall seek advice from the Engineer if such instructions are not available. Access to such properties from the road shall be maintained clear and clean. (c) Blasting work shall not be allowed near or within archaeological and historical sites Applicable through out the road without prior approval of the Departnent of Archaeology and the Engineer. section (& project); Places of archaeological importance 97.4; 100.2 kilometres. 11.2 Chance found Archaeological property (a) All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures and other remains or things Applicable through out the road of geological or archaeological interest etc. discovered on the site and/or during section (&project); construction work shall be the property of the Govemment of Sri Lanka, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation. (b) The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons -do- from removing and damaging any such article or thing and shall, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer's instruchions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work shall be stopped l____ l____ l______within lOWm in all directions from the site of discovery.
21 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (c) If directed by the Engineers the Contractor shall obtain advice and assistance from the -do- Department of Archaeological of Sri Lanka on conservation measures to be taken with regard to the areat rior to reconunencernent of work in the area.l 12 Environmental Enhancement 12.1 Roadside Landscape (a) Road landscape plantation, re-vegetation of road embankments and other slopes, edge Applicable through out the road treatment of water bodies shall be taken up as per either detailed design or typical design section; guidelines given as part of the Bid Documents. The contactor also shall remove all debris, piles of unwanted earth, spoil material, etc away from the roadsides and from other work places and disposed at locations designated or acceptable to the Engineer or as per Clause ______1.1. ______(b) On completion of the works, the temporary structures shall be cleared away in full, all -do- rubbish burnt, waste dumps and septic tank shall be filled and closed and roadsides, ______workplaces and labour camps, cleared and cleaned. 12.2 Utilities and Roadside Amenities (a) Contractor shall replace all amenities such as bus shelters that were removed/relocated There are large number bus during the construction unless the Engineer directed the contractor not to do so. shelters along the road. These are marked in the Environmental Features Map
(b) Contractor shall take care not to damage/destroy or affect the functional purposes of Power and telephone lines are utilities such as water, electricity, telephone posts. Prior to commencement of work the present through out the road. At contractor shall consult those service providers and agree on a plan for shifting or some locations telephone lines relocating these utilities temporarily or permanently as required. Contractor shall assist are taken underground. the service providers in whatever possible manner to minimise disruption to such Water lines are present in all services. The arrangements the contractor made with those service providers shall be urban areas. Also there is a informed to the Engineer in writing. possibility of presence of water lines of Rural Water Supply Schemes at some places. (c) In case of an inadvertent damage cause to a utility, the contractor shall immediately Applicable through out the road inform the service provider and help to restore the service without delay. section;
12.3 Road Furniture (a) Road furniture including footpaths, railings, storm water drains, crash barrier, traffic Applicable through out the road signs, speed zone signs, pavement markers and any other such items will be provided as section; l l desigper n given in the Bid Documents2
22 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (b) intersections, rotaries, traffic islands, roadside protection and other structures or furniture -do- shall be constructed, complete with the landscape elements as per design in the above __ manner. 13 Handling Environmental Issues during Construction (a) The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Environmental Officer following the Throughout the project award of the contract. The Environmental Officer will be the primary point of contact for construction/implementation assistance with all environmental issues during the pre-construction and construction period phases. He/She shall be responsible for ensuing the implementation of EMAP. (b) The Contractor shall appoint a person responsible for community liaison and to handle -do- public complains regarding environmental/social related matters. All public complaints will be entered into the Complaints Register. The Environmental Officer will promptly investigate and review environmental complaints and implement the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints. A register of all complaints is to be passed to the Engineer within 24 hrs they are received, with the action taken by the Environmental Officer on complains thereof. (c) Contractor shall develop suitable method to receive complaints. The complain register Throughout the project shall be placed at a convenient place, easily accessible by the public. construction/implementation period At local authority and divisional secretary offices (d) Contractor shall prepare detailed Environmental Method Statement clearly stating the approach, actions and manner in which the EMAP is implemented. It is required from the contractor to prepare the EMS for each work site, if work will be carried out at more than one site at once and time plan for implementation. The EMS shall be updated regularly and submit for Engineers review.
23 I
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I i Annexure II
The hard copy of "Environmental features map" is available in the World Bank Sri Lanka Country Office.
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i Annex III Sri Lanka Road Sector Assistance Project
Social Impact Management Framework
September 26, 2005 Road Development Authority
l September 2005 World Bank Road Sector Assistance Project SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
Table of Contents
ACRONYMS ...... iii DEFINITION OF SELECTED TERMS ...... 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 2 RSAP RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK ...... 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS SCREENING & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 27 ANNEX - I: SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ...... 31
ii
------_ - ACRONYMS
BOR Board of Review CCG Community Consultative Group CLG Commissioner of Local Government COI Corridor of Impact CRW Community Resettlement Workers DOV Department of Valuation DOS Department of Survey DS Divisional Secretary SS Superintendent of Survey ERD External Resources Department GOSL Government of Sri Lanka GRC Grievance Redress Committee IDA International Development Association LAA Land Acquisition Act LARD Land Acquisition & Resettlement Division LRC Land Reform Committee MHAPCLG Ministry of Home Affairs, Provincial Council and Local Government MOH Ministry of Highways MOL Ministry of Land NIRP National Involuntary Resettlement Policy OP 4.12 Operation Policy on Involuntary Resettlement PAP Project-Affected Person PCU Project Coordination Unit PD Project Director PEA Project Executing Agency PMU Project Monitoring Unit PS Padeshiya Sabha RAP Resettlement Action Plan RDA Road Development Authority ROW Right-of-Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SA Social Assessment SIMF Social Impact Management Framework SLILG Sri Lankan Institute of Local Government STDP Southern Transport Development Project WB World Bank
iii DEFINITION OF SELECTED TERMS Compensation: Payment made in cash or kind to the project affected persons/households for the assets acquired for the project, or payment to vulnerable encroachers in the ROW as formulated in the SIMF. Consultation: Defined as a continuous two-way communication process consisting of: 'feed- forward' the information on the project's goals, objectives, scope and social impact implications to the project beneficiaries, and their 'feed-back' on these issues (and more) to the policymakers and project designers. In addition to seeking feed-back on project specific issues, participatory planning approach also serve the following objectives in all development projects: public relations, information dissemination and conflict resolution. Consultation Framework: After identification of the key stakeholders and their interests in the project, the framework is prepared to guide the project preparation team about who are to be discussed/consulted about the overall project and its positive and adverse impact implications in the different stages of the project cycle. Entitlement: Refers to mitigation measures, which includes CUL, RDA payment (if any), to make up for the replacement costs/market prices affected assets, and those that are not provided in the LAA, but stipulated for the RSAP. Income Restoration: Re-building the capacity of the project affected households to re-establish income sources to at least restore their living standard to the pre-acquisition levels. Involuntary Resettlement: The situation arises where the State's power of eminent domain requires people to acquiesce their rights to personal properties and re-build their lives and livelihood in the same or new locations. Project-Affected Person/Household: Persons/households whose livelihood and living standard are adversely affected by the acquisition of lands, houses other assets, loss of income sources, and the like. Rehabilitation: Refers to re-establishing the previous living standards, which may include re- building the income earning capacity, physical relocation, rebuilding the social support and economic networks. Relocation: Moving the project affected households to new locations to continue their income earning activities. Replacement Cost: Actual costs of purchasing new lands of same quality equal to the amount acquired, plus the transaction and other costs; building new houses at current prices of materials and labour; and the prevailing costs of other assets that can be replaced. Stakeholder: Refers to recognizable persons, formal and informal groups who have direct and indirect stakes in the project, such as affected persons/households, road user groups -- transport users, workers, operators and owners, communities, community-based and other civil society organizations interested in the road transport sector or the project itself. Vulnerable Groups. Refers to persons whose income is below the Poverty line (poverty line as defined by the government), women headed households, Old people, and minorities.
1 Road Sector Assistance Project SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
INTRODUCTION
1. The proposed Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) is being prepared to provide beneficiaries with improved and sustainable road transport by enhancing durability, efficiency and economic impact of the national road network. Additionally, the project will establish a framework to improve the institutional capacity in Sri Lanka's decentralized governance system for maintenance and rehabilitation of rural road infrastructure.
2. Although any major land acquisition and displacement of population is not foreseen but minor land acquisition may be necessary for realignment and improvements. The Project may also cause some displacement and impacts on squatters and encroachers within the ROW in addition to temporary impacts on private assets along the ROW due to construction activities during implementation phase. Since these minor impacts are not known at this stage, hence the need for the SIMF. 3. The potential adverse social impacts, as anticipated at this stage, would largely affect persons located in the project's area of intervention whose livelihood may be affected. The project also needs to ensure that its activities do not affect sites and objects of historical and cultural significance, and indigenous peoples. With these concerns in view, the SIMF proposes principles, policies, guidelines and procedure to identify/verify the prevalent and potential social development and safeguard issues and address them as integral parts of project design and implementation. Although the SIMF is developed largely to fulfil the Bank's social safeguard requirements, it could also be used to identify and deal with major non-safeguard social concerns which might be associated with the project interventions. In the context of social development the foremost objective is to avoid/minimize the project's potential adverse impacts and mitigate those that are unavoidable and, if opportunities arise, to reinforce its social development outcomes.
4. Identification and further verification of social safeguard and social development concerns will require the preparation of a rapid social assessment report for all sub projects, with participation and consultation of the beneficiary communities in general, and especially those who may be adversely affected. Consultation with the key stakeholders will seek their inputs and feedback on safeguards and non- safeguard/social development issues and impacts, as well as on alternative mitigation measures wherever deemed necessary. Institutionally, such an approach is consistent with Sri Lanka's decentralized governance system, which recognizes the value of beneficiary participation in development activities. In keeping with this objective, the SIMF also contains guidelines for participation process tasks, such as community/stakeholder consultation and social screening, leading to detailed analysis (wherever necessary), of social safeguard and non- safeguard risks in particular subprojects. These guidelines are primarily focused on identifying social safeguard issues (including OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, focussing on impact on livelihood of vulnerable groups, OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples, and OPN 11.03 on Cultural Property ), risks assessment and related mitigation of issues identified,
5. In the context of the SIMF, the Project Affected Persons are expected to be vulnerable encroachers whose business may be located in the ROW, or informal users of public land, (squatters and encroachers) owners of assets encroaching into the ROW, and communities/groups where the impact may be felt community wide. In order to discourage attempts to abuse the mitigation policies cut off
2 dates need to be established. These are the dates on which Social Assessment and census of the affected persons and their assets are taken. No person or asset will qualify for compensation unless they are recorded in the census taken on/before the cut-off dates. As mentioned earlier the Project does not envisage any involuntary land acquisition. However, the budget for the SIMF will be provided by the GOSL to finance social and safeguards related activities (if/ where required). The Project & Its Social and Safeguards Implications
6. Investments included in the RSAP comprise i) a national road component, entailing deferred maintenance, rehabilitation and minor upgrading of priority national highways and ii) a rural component entailing selected pilot intervention of rural roads with a view to increasing efficiency and effectiveness with which rural road maintenance is undertaken. The rural roads component is focussed on some of the poorest regions of the country. The national component entails maintenance and minor up gradation of 13 sub projects of national road network comprising 2 sub projects and another road section included as a part of the Banks post-tsunami re-construction efforts. The rural roads, which will be rehabilitated, remain to be selected.
7. Institutional capacity building and maintenance, rehabilitation and improvement of rural roads is not expected to have any adverse social impacts, as they will remain limited to the existing alignments and no additional lands would be needed. It is assumed that social development and safeguard concerns may arise due to resumption of public lands that may affect commercial and residential squatters and encroachers at road junctions, small towns and other built-up areas. Depending upon location of the roads there is a possibility that the roads may pass through areas inhabited by indigenous peoples, or where there may be cultural sites and possibility of chance finds of artefacts of cultural and historical significance.
8. In keeping with the Bank's social development and safeguard compliance requirements, a S\IMF, is proposed. With this framework in place, the remaining tasks will consist of preparing the mitigation action plans (if required) based on the actual impacts, and process tasks such as social assessment; stakeholder consultation & analysis; and social risk screening & impact assessment.
Project Appraisal Requirements
9. The improvement works will be designed and implemented over five years, and the Entitlement Matrix will be used for mitigation of Project impacts. The STMF will apply to the entire project, and will be disclosed to the public in three local languages: Sinhalese, Tamil and English. The Social Assessments (undertaken for all sub projects) will identify the triggers of the safeguards and if identified, compliance will be ensured through preparation of mitigation measures such as IPDP, RP etc., for each road package or yearly work program. All mitigation and management action plans will be subjected to Bank review and clearance before the work packages are accepted for IDA financing.
3 PART ONE RSAP RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK
Social Impact Management Framework: 1. Along with process and guidelines for undertaking social development issues, the Framework will also assist in identifying social safeguard impacts such as loss of livelihood resulting from Project interventions, identify and deal with impacts on Indigenous Peoples, where project intervention may affect them, and guidelines for dealing with Cultural Property and Chance Finds. Stakeholder Consultation, Social Risks Screening and Social/Impact Assessment: 2. Under the SIMF it will also be possible to collect relevant information through a laid out process for stakeholder participation/consultation, and social risks screening during project preparation and implementation, with stakeholder inputs and feedback, for mitigation and management of risks (should they arise).
3. The SIMF has been developed using the Bank's Operational Policies, e.g. Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12), Indigenous People (OP 4.10) and Cultural Properties (OPN 11.03), as well as Sri Lankan National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) and the guidelines of the Southern Transport Development Project, for addressing impacts on vulnerable persons. The guidelines for participation process tasks are largely based on those suggested in the Bank's Social Analysis Source Book (2003) and Social Assessment Policies and Guidelines (GP 10.05).
RSAP's Resettlement Policy Objectives
4. The principles and guidelines proposed in this framework are primarily aimed at avoiding or minimizing, to the extent possible, the hardships and impoverishment that may result from Project's intervention, and mitigation of any adverse impact thereof at the household /community level. All decisions regarding design of construction work will be made, to the extent feasible, to facilitate the attainment of this objective.
Applicability and Scope of the SIMF
5. In keeping with the project objectives, the proposed principles and guidelines will also apply to PAP' s, who may be impacted through impacts on private land or other assets due to minor re- alignment.
6. Mitigation Principles * Absence of legal title will not be considered a bar to compensation for non-land assets created by the public land users. Vulnerability of the project-affected persons, in terms of economic, social and gender characteristics, will be identified and mitigated with appropriate policies. * Where community-wide impacts are caused in the form of affecting community facilities, restricting access to common property resources, etc. the project will rebuild such facilities and provide for alternative access. * The project executing agency and RDA will bear the costs of implementing the SIMF.
4 Impact Mitigation Modalities
7. The following types of losses are expected to result from Project intervention and will be mitigated. Temporary displacement of mobile vendors and other vulnerable encroachers. The project will ensure that their livelihood is not affected by helping to relocate them during construction phase * Cut-off dates will be established to determine compensation eligibility of persons and their assets. These are the dates on which census of the affected persons and their assets will be taken. Any claim for compensation by affected people after the cut-off date will be ineligible for compensation. * If there is acquisition of small pieces of land for realignment and improvements, the land acquisition process of the government will be followed and compensation paid at market rates. * For impacts on fixed physical assets of affectees including structures, walls, gardens, gates, etc., located in the ROW and impacted by the project's construction intervention, the owners will be compensated at replacement cost. * Encroacher-owners of the affected businesses will be compensated for temporary loss of income based on net income, or an one-time lump sum grant * The project will identify and implement policies to mitigate any adverse impacts that are unique to any project locations and have so far remained unknown. * In the situation of voluntary land donation, the Project will ensure the verification of voluntary nature of donation; that the land is unencumbered, that community based mitigation measures are acceptable, that a grievance redressal system is in place, that the person(s) give up all claim to the donated land and that the land is transferred in the name of the Government /Department.
Impacts and PAPs Eligible for Compensation Assistance
8. The mitigation principles and impact mitigation modalities are operationalized by defining and categorizing the potential impacts/losses which will qualify for mitigation. Besides these, any unforeseen impact, as and when encountered, will be mitigated with appropriate measures. The following will qualify for compensation: * Unauthorized or informal users of public lands, such as squatters and encroachers, are not eligible for compensation for land, but for other losses covered by the mitigation policies. * Business and Wage Income/ informal Users of public land: Vulnerable squatters and encroachers residing on public lands and undertaking income earning activities in the ROW will be assisted to cope with the change.
* Provision of alternative permanent place: Temporary encroachers who have been provided with a permanent place for business earlier will not be eligible for assistances. * Structures on Public Lands: All built structures would be compensated at replacement cost.
5 * Unforeseen losses/impact including: All other losses/impacts that are not known but may get identified in PAP census will be mitigated with appropriate measures (where they qualify). * For adverse impacts on community facilities, such as educational institutions, places of worship, graveyards, cremation grounds etc., no financial compensation will be paid directly to affectees, furthermore, RDA will rebuild the affected facilities, or provide alternatives in consultation with the user communities. Similarly for loss of income earning opportunities or access to crucial common property resources, the project will provide alternatives to restore and improve their livelihood.
Compensation Payment
9. RDA with financial support from GoSL and implemented through the DS will pay all non land compensations/entitlements as laid out in the entitlement framework to all eligible affected persons/households. Furthermore, all compensations and assistance to PAPs must be paid in full prior to dispossession of affected assets in the project. For any land related impact (although not envisaged) compensation will be paid under the Land Acquisition Act and payments be made at market rates.
Mitigation Entitlement Policy Matrix
10. For addressing impact/loss categories, entitlement and entitled persons, a Compensation Entitlemenit Policy Matrix has been developed (same as the Entitlement Matrix used by the ADB projects and accepted by the GOSL). These are for known impacts/losses. Any other impact that remains unforeseen or might be found unique to a subproject location will be included under 'unanticipated adverse impact due to project intervention" of the Entitlement Framework.
6 COMPENSATION/ENTITLEMENT MATRIX OF THE PROJECT
Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Type of loss Persons
A. AGRICULTURAL LAND
7 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeof oss Persons
Loss of Owner with All (cash) payments for land will be Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS, Agricultural title deed or at replacement costs. assets and LARC. land registration Cash payment for loss of standing restoration of certificate crops and trees at market prices livelihood. In case the AP loses 10% or more of their productive, income Payment for loss of LARC generating assets and / or remaining income based on portion is economically not viable entitlement under for continued use as determined by Land Acquisition LARC, these options will be Act [46 1 (iii)] or as available:- determined by the 1) If opted by AP, the chief valuer. remainder land will be acquired at replacement cost if economically not viable. Reasonable time will be given to harvest perennial crops if not payment will be made at market value. 2) Preference will be given to APs for land for land option (similar location and productive quality, subject to availability OR cash payment for loss of land at full replacement costs. 3) Rehabilitation package - Items G2, G3 i, G 3 iii, if staying on the land and G3 ii if required. Cash Payment for loss of income for portion of land as per the land acquisition Act or as determined by the chief valuer.
8 Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Type of loss Persons
Loss of access Tenant, user No payment for land. Payment to cover RDA, CV, DS, to agricultural with lease Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and LARC. land crops and trees at market prices, if restoration of cultivated by tenant or user with livelihood lease; AND Cash payment for loss of net income for portion of land affected for the remaining leased/assigned period; OR Cash payment for loss of future production for the lease period from the portion of land affected equivalent to average annual income from the portion of land affected in preceding three years, whichever is the higher. Assistance in negotiating a new lease agreement on alternative land if the AP does not wish to continue to cultivate land of reduced area. In case remaining portion is not physically possible for cultivation economically not viable for continued use as determined by CV, then assistance in negotiating a new lease agreement on alternate land of similar size and productive value if the AP cannot remain on the land AND Rehabilitation package - Items G2, G3 i, G 3 iii, if staying on the land and G3 ii if required.
9 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeo loss Persons
Loss of access Ande farmer No payment for land. Payment to cover RDA, CV, DS, to agricultural (sharecropper) Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and LARC. land crops and trees at market prices; restoration of AND livelihood Transition subsistence (in cash or kind) allowance equivalent to loss of crop or harvest for portion of land affected for the remaining period of sharecropping agreement; OR Cash payment for loss of future production equivalent to average production from the portion of land affected in preceding three years, whichever is higher; AND Assistance in negotiating a new sharecropping agreement on alternative land if the AP does not wish to continue to sharecrop land of reduced area. Assistance in negotiating a new sharecropping agreement on alternate land of similar size and productive value if the AP cannot remain on the land AND Rehabilitation package - Items G.2, G.3 i, G.3 iii if staying on the land or G3 i if required.
10 -h~~~~~~~~~~~~ Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Type of loss Persons
Loss of access Non-titled user No payment for land. Payment to cover RDA, CV, DS, to agricultural or squatter on Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and LARC. land private land or crops and trees at market prices, if restoration of state land cultivated by him; AND livelihood. Cash Payment for loss of future production from the portion of land affected equivalent to average annual income from the portion of land affected in preceding three years; If the AP has no other land or cannot remain on the land, the AP will receive the following:- 1. Cash payment for loss of standing crops and trees at market prices to the squatter. 2. The project will provide if available an alternative plot of land for cultivation of equal productive value under rental / lease arrangements. 3. Rehabilitation package - Items G.2, G.3i, G.3 iii if staying on the land or G3 ii if required. B. RESIDENTIAL LAND AND STRUCTURES
11 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeofoss Persons
Loss of Owner with All (cash) payments for land and Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS, Residential title deed or structure will be made at assets, assistance to LARC. land and registration replacement costs. reorganize on structure certificate All payments at replacement cost in existing land or material, cash, or a combination of relocate on alternate both according to the actual loss to land and support for repair or rebuild the structure to transition period. original or better condition when remaining land sufficient to rebuild upon; For structures not having sufficient land to rebuild upon will be entitled to the following: 1. All (cash) payments for land and structure at full replacement cost (for materials and labour) in material, cash, or a combination of both, WITHOUT deduction for depreciation or salvageable materials; 2. Assistance from LARC to locate alternative plot for relocation; OR relocation to a resettlement site developed by the project if opted by AP. 3. Rehabilitation package G 2. l____l____|___ Shifting allowance see Gl.
12 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Persons Loss of rental Tenant, user If there is partial loss of rental Cash payment for RDA, CV, DS, accommodation with lease accommodation, AP has the option rental allowance or LARC. to stay with the owners agreement cash value of OR if AP chooses to move out, remaining lease, cash assistance for 6 months rental assistance for allowance AND finding alternate Assistance in finding new rental affordable rental accommodation accommodation and AND support during Shifting assistance (Item GI i) transition period. If there is complete loss of rental accommodation, AP has the option of cash for the value of the remaining lease OR Cash assistance to cover rental arrangements for minimum period of 6 months of equivalent standard and advance payments as determined by the chief valuer to owner on a case to case basis which ever is higher. Assistance in finding new affordable rental accommodation AND Shifting allowance and Rehabilitation package - Items G. 1 ii and G.2.
13 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeof oss Persons
Loss of Non-titled No payment for land. Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS, residential user, non- All payments for structure at assets, assistance to LARC. structure permitted user replacement costs in materials, cash reorganize on land or squatter or a combination of both according or provision of to the actual loss for repairing or alternate site if rebuilding the structure; AND choosing to relocate If affected land is state land AP and support for may rebuild on the remaining land, transition period. and if affected land is private land the project will encourage AP to relinquish the land and relocate on alternate land or resettlement site provided by the project; If APs can rebuild on existing land then shifting assistance G 1 i. If AP has to relocate then Rehabilitation package - G I1ii and G2.
C. COMMERCIAL LAND AND STRUCTURE
14 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeofoss Persons
Loss of Owner / All (cash) payments for land lost at Project shall give RDA, CV, DS, commercial operator of full replacement cost; reasonable time for LARC. land and registered Payment at replacement cost in APs to continue their structure business material, cash, or a combination of business operation both according to the actual loss to while rebuilding repair or rebuild the structure to their structures. APs original or better condition when will rebuild their remaining land sufficient to rebuild structure as soon as upon; payment is released . ~~~and clear the area in Payment for any associated loss of the agreed income while commercial structure the agreed is being rebuilt. timeftame. is being rebuilt. Transition assistance For structures not having sufficient and income land to rebuild upon will be entitled restoration. to the following: 1. All (cash) payments for structure lost at full replacement cost (for materials and labour) in material, cash, or a combination of both, WITHOUT deduction for depreciation or salvageable materials; 2. Assistance from LARC to locate alternative plot for relocation; OR relocation to a resettlement site developed by the project if opted by AP on recovery of the undeveloped value of the plot. 3. For income losses cash payment not exceeding three times the average annual net profits from business, as shown by the books of accounts, for three calendar years immediately preceding acquisition or livelihood restoration grant, which ever is higher 4. Rehabilitation Package - G 2 and G3 ii if required. Shifting allowance see Gl.
15 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeof oss Persons
Loss of Tenant / If there is partial loss of structure, Cash payment for RDA, CV, DS, commercial operator of AP has the option to stay with the rental allowance or LARC. Structure registered owners agreement OR if AP cash value of business chooses to move out, cash remaining lease, assistance for 6 months rental assistance for allowance AND finding alternate Assistance in finding new rental affordable rented premises to re- accommodation and establish business AND support for income Payment for any associated loss of losses and during income while commercial structure transition period. is being rebuilt. If there is complete loss of structure, AP will be entitled to the following:- 1. Cash for the value of the remaining lease OR 2. Cash assistance to cover rental arrangements for minimum period of 6 months of equivalent standard and advance payments as determined by the chief valuer to owner on a case to case basis which ever is higher AND 3. Assistance in finding new affordable rental premises to operate business. 4. For income losses cash payment not exceeding three times the average annual net profits from business, as shown by the books of accounts, for three calendar years immediately preceding acquisition or livelihood restoration grant, which ever is higher 5. Rehabilitation Package - G 2 and G3 ii if required.
______iShifting allowance see GI.
16 Type of Iloss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Persons Loss of Owner or For structure - all payments for Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS, commercial operator of structure lost at replacement cost in assets, transition LARC. Structure non-registered material, cash, or a combination of assistance and business / both according to the actual loss; income restoration squatter AND For income - cash payment equivalent to 6 months income OR Livelihood assistance grant, whichever is the higher; AND If affected land is state land AP may rebuild on the remaining land, and if affected land is private land the project will encourage AP to relinquish the land and relocate on alternate land or resettlement site provided by the project subject to availability; AND Rehabilitation package - Items G.2, and G.3 ii if required. Shifting allowance see GI. D. OTHER PRIVATE PROPERTIES OR SECONDARY STRUCTURES Partial or Owners of All (cash) payments for affected Payment for loss and RDA, CV, DS, complete loss structures structure at replacement cost; OR relocation if required LARC. of other (regardless if Cost of repair of structure to property or the land is original or better condition; OR secondary owned or not) Cash assistance for relocation of structure (i.e. structure. shed, outdoor latrine, rice store, animal pen etc) Loss of tombs All owners All (cash) payments an amount of Payment for loss and RDA, CV, DS, or graves Rs. 2000 up to Rs. 15,000 to cover relocation if required LARC. the cost of exhumation (including any religious ceremonies if required) and relocation E. LOSS OF INCOME OF EMPLOYEES OR HIRED LABORERS E.1 Temporarily Affected
17 Type of loss XEntitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeo loss Persons
While business All affected Cash payment for lost salary/wages Businesses will be RDA, CV, re-establishes employees, for each month AP can not work; encourage to retain LARC (i.e. wage or daily OR existing employees reorganizing on labourers in Assistance in securing new Payment for lost remaining land private or employment including relevant income during or relocating in government skills training if required; AND business re- the same area) businesses Rehabilitation package - Items G.2 establishment and G.3 ii if required by AP E.2 Permanently Affected Job loss due to All affected Cash payment for 6 months Payment for lost RDA, CV, relocation of employees, salary/wages and income, LARC business to wage or daily Project will encourage employers to rehabilitation another area or labourers in provide severance pay for package to provide business private or employees; AND support and income operator government Preferential access to project restoration decides not to businesses construction employment re-establish opportunities; AND
Rehabilitation package - Items G.2 and G.3 ii
F. TREES & STANDING CROPS (already included under A)
18 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeof oss Persons Loss of crops Person who For owner, payment for crops and Payment for losses RDA, CV, DS, and trees cultivates trees at market prices; Payment for trees LARC crops and/or For tenant, payment for crops shall calculated on market owns trees be paid to tenant; value on the basis of (regardless if For sharecropper, payment for land productivity, the land iS crops shall be shared between type, age, and owned or not) owner and sharecropper according productive value of to the sharecropping agreement; affected trees For all - advance notice to harvest crop; AND Payment for net value of crops where harvesting is not possible; AND Cash payment for loss of trees and standing crops at market prices; AND Rights to resources from privately owned trees (i.e. timber or firewood) G. LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION & REHABILITATION ASSISTANCE G.1 Materials Transport Allowance i. APs Cash assistance (shifting Payment for RDA, CV, Reorganization reorganizing allowance) of Rs 5000 disturbance and to LARC of residential or or rebuilding AP/household assist in rebuilding commercial on same plot structure ii. AP requiring Relocating Cash assistance (relocation Allowance to cover RDA, CV, relocation for APs allowance) of Rs. 5000 up to an transport of LARC housing or amount of Rs 15,000' household or business AP/household for transportation to commercial effects, new location or site based on floor salvaged and new area of the house in occupation building materials before relocation.
Material transportation allowance rates include labor and transportation costs to another site and as determined by RDA based on the floor area of the house in occupation before relocation.
19 Type of loss | Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement | Responsibility Persons G.2 Transition Subsistence Allowance Severe or Each member Subsistence allowance2 for the To provide support, RDA, CV, significant of severely transition period for EACH based on Rs. 400 per LARC impact affected member of severely affected month per person. (including household household of Rs 400/ month/person relocation) for a minimum period of 3 months and similar assistance will be further extended as assessed on a case to case basis. G.3 Livelihood Restoration (Grant & Training) i. Permanent APs/household Livelihood restoration grant - as Cash sum to offset RDA, CV, effects on cash assistance of Rs 15,0003 per income losses not LARC livelihood household (plus professional directly paid for, to assistance and advice, if required, provide support to invest funds or to set up a while business re- business at a commercially viable establishing or as location). Linked with skill start-up investment training (as provided in item G.3 ii) for new business if and as far as practicable shall be AP has to change provided in the form of productive livelihood assets. ii. Permanent Two members Training for up to two members Linked with need to RDA, CV, effects on of (male and female where applicable) start new business, LARC livelihood APs/household of AP households to receive skills access to existing or and vocational training, to an development of new amount of Rs 4,0004 per member; training courses AND depending on the Transition subsistence allowance needs of the APs (see Item G.2 above)
2 As determined through discussions with various relief agencies and social welfare organizations, the allowance has been based on a minimum number of kilocalories per month derived from different foods. For rice the minimum requirement will be derived from between 98 and 105 Kg per person per year or an average of 8.5 kg per person per month or about Rs.400/month/person. 3A grant amount to support business re-establishment or start up of new business linked to skill training. Rates determined through discussions for road projects currently under implementation for similar impacts and activities. 4Rates determined through discussion with road projects currently under implementation and relevant departments for similar activities.
20 -L Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeofoss Persons iii. Permanent Severely Assistance to increase productivity Access to existing RDA, CV, effects on affected on remaining land (i.e. increasing agricultural LARC livelihood farmers cropping intensity, use of high extension services remaining on yielding seeds, diversification and and development of affected land introduction of new seeds or crops new services as per etc) and assistance to access the specific needs of existing subsidies. APs as identified The project will fund two through consultation agricultural extensions officers for with them, support 18 months, the cost is estimated at for access to existing Rs 24,0005 per road plus assistance subsidies, to APs of Rs 3,000 each for development and fertilizers and seeds training from Department of Agriculture, Tea Smallholding Authority, Agrarian Services Department, Coconut Development Board, and Rubber Control Department
SRates determined in consultation with Department of Agriculture.
21 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeofoss Persons
G.4 Special Assistance Effects on Vulnerable A special grant of Rs 15,0006 per Assistance, over and RDA, CV, vulnerable APs APs including AP/household to improve living above payment for LARC the poor, standards of vulnerable APs and lost assets, to reduce elderly APs, households impacts of ethnic Assistance to vulnerable resettlement which minority households in finding suitable land can households, for relocation and shifting OR disproportionately female-headed provision of resettlement sites if effect the already households, opted by the AP. vulnerable and to and disabled ensure that the project does not simply re-establish levels of poverty, vulnerability or marginalization H. COMMUNITY ASSETS Loss of Divisional Restoration in existing location of Full restoration of RDA, CV, buildings and Secretary affected community buildings, buildings, structures, LARC other structures division, urban structures, infrastructure and infrastructure, (schools, ward, village, common property resources to services or other temples, local original or better condition; OR community clinics, walls community or Replacement in alternative location resources by etc), local authority identified in consultation with contractor (costs to infrastructure owning or affected communities and relevant be borne by project) (local roads, benefiting authorities; OR or payment for such footpaths, from at full replacement if agreement for bridges, community (Cash) Payment afulrpcentlocal authority or irr-igation, property, cost; AND community to water points or infrastructure Restoration of access to community undertake the communal or resources resources. restoration works. hand pumps etc), common resources (such as water supply, community forests)
6Assistance to cover, over and above compensation for lost assets. As determined through discussions for road projects currently under implementation for similar impacts.
22 Type of loss PEntitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeofoss Persons
Any Any unanticipated consequence of the project will be documented and mitigated based on the unanticipated spirit of the principles agreed upon in this policy framework. adverse impact due to project intervention
Temporary loss of private land to obtain materials for fill and embankment during construction 11. Temporary occupation contract between owner/title-holder and contractor will specify the period of occupancy, terms and conditions, payment for material losses and other disturbances or damages to property and rehabilitation and restoration measures agreed upon between both parties. Land should be returned to the owner at the end of temporary acquisition period, restored to its original condition or improved as agreed with the AP. Project and the contractor to ensure that persons other than the owner affected as a result of temporary acquisition are compensated for the temporary period. Extreme care shall be taken by contractors to avoid damage to public or private property and where damages to public or private property occur as a result of construction works, the AP (individual, household, authority, community or utility or service provider) shall be compensated for damages to structures
Consultation & Information Dissemination
12. The project executing agency, RDA, will ensure that all stakeholders are consulted/informed about the project's expected impacts, proposed impact mitigation policies, and implementing process that would be followed. Stakeholder consultations will be an on-going activity during the planning and implementation stages of the project/sub project. Stakeholder consultation will be inclusive of all groups (particularly gender and vulnerable groups), participatory and transparent. The consultations will be aimed at seeking feedback on project design and its implication. In addition the following topics will be discussed in greater details: * principles and modalities adopted for mitigation Affected persons/households and assets eligible for compensation * Grievance redress mechanism - its function, procedure to lodge grievances, etc * RDA's role in facilitating shifting of informal business located in ROW * Any other issues/topic deemed useful to explain the entitlement framework
13. The process will be documented with minutes of the meetings, dates, venues, number of participants, issues/topics discussed, major feedback which may have policy implications for project design considerations, and any agreements that may have been reached. Documentations will be available to all stakeholders including IDA supervision missions.
Grievance Redress Mechanism
14. Those who are displaced from public lands, to which they have no legal rights, do not have an opportunity to bring their grievances to any institutional entities. Besides, the Bank policy requires borrowers to establish mechanisms to deal with issues that might be raised by the affected
23 persons, including informal users of public lands. The mechanism is meant to reduce conflicts in the community.
Grievance Redress Committee
15. Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs) will be formed in each Padeshiya Sabha or other appropriate project locations and consist of the following five members:
Suggested Membership Designation RDA official managing civil works in the area Convenor MHAPCLG official assigned to the area Member-Secretary Head of Padeshiya Sabha Member A representative of civil society organization Member A representative of concerned PAP/Stakeholder Member
Functions and Guidelines:
16. The procedure will seek to resolve issues quickly, amicably, and transparently and out of courts, in order to facilitate the project implementation. The decisions made by GRCs will be binding on the project execution agency. To instil confidence and trust in the procedure, the convenor will ensure that all decisions are made in formal hearings without interference of individual GRC members in favour of any particular PAP/stakeholder. The convenor will have the authority to: * Reject a grievance redress application with any recommendations written on it by a GRC member or any other person; * Remove a recommendation by any person that may separately accompany the grievance redress application; * Adopt any other measures, in consultation with the Project Director, to ensure confidence and transparency in the procedure.
17. The resident engineer will maintain a complaint register accessible to affectees and forward these to the GRC. The convenor will ensure that the grievance hearings take place within three to four weeks of submission of an application. To ensure transparency, the GRCs will record the details of the grievances and the reasons that led to acceptance or rejection of the particular grievances, and will make them available for review by the IDA supervision missions and other interested persons and entities.
Organizational Setup for Implementation: Roles and Responsibilities
18. Responsibility for the implementation of the SIMF will be vested in the Project Director and RDA. Furthermore, to build capacity within RDA, a "Unit" will be established and staff trained in social and environmental matters. Despite the limited impact envisaged, (no land acquisition or displacement) there will however, be some field level implementation arrangements.
19. Roles and responsibilities of the major actors in the SIMF are as follows:
24 * Divisional Secretaries (DS): Besides determining eligibility of PAPs to receive compensation, the DS will conduct inquiry into compensation claims from PAPs and process and pay the compensation. * Superintendent of Survey (SSs): After the right-of-ways are identified the SSs will survey the ROW encroached, names of the occupants and type of business affected. The surveyors will provide the DS with advance tracing drawings and lists of the affected persons * Valuation Officers: In cases of disputes over PAPs' claims over compensation, Valuation Officers will independently assess, at request of DSs, the current market prices of the affected properties. * Staff of the "Unit" will carry out stakeholder consultation, social risks screening and assessment for all sub-projects and obtain actual number of PAPs, etc. They will also work closely with the Superintendent of Surveys and Valuation Officers. The office of the Project Director and the "Unit" will monitor progress in tasks leading to project implementation, and prepare progress reports for routine review by MOH, RDA and IDA. 20. PD and RDA will allocate the following specific responsibilities to the central and field based staff in the "Unit" who will be assisted by resettlement/social consultants to:
* Carry out stakeholder consultation on project objectives, scope, and potential adverse/positive impacts of project intervention; Undertake social risks screening (and detailed social assessment, if necessary); and process the stakeholder feedback for consideration in engineering designs. * Explain the mitigation policies and measures of the project. Identify PAPs (who are informal users of public land in the ROW) and process the entitlements stipulated in the SIMF. * Explain to the PAPs the grievance redressal mechanism and its scope, functions and the procedure to bring grievances to the Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs). Designated staff from the Unit will record the GRC proceedings and include summary reports in the periodic progress reports. * Plan, design and conduct census of the project affected persons and households listed by the surveyors; and collect all information required to identify the losses; and determine the entitlements, application guidelines and implementation issues as suggested in the 'compensation/entitlement matrix'. * During construction, the supervising engineers in the sites will ensure that the regulations regarding treatment of any Chance Finds are strictly observed. The Chance Finds and the ways and means used for resolution will be developed.
21. Reporting * Monthly updates of progress in preparation and implementation, of social development and safeguards concerns disaggregated in terms of subprojects and/or Divisions; and * Reports for formal supervision missions with the details of progress in all on-going SD activities, and any issues that are known to be impeding progress.
22. Monitoring & Evaluation
25 Implementation of the SIMF will be monitored by the supervision consultant and will be reported as a part of the overall progress reports.
Social Monitoring Indicators
* Number of affectees by gender * Number of qualifying for compensation by gender * Types of compensation/Assistance provided.
(a) Physical assets by type by number (b) Livelihood assistance by type by number_ (c) Affectees relocated by numbers__ new location_ (d) Land Acquisition by quantity_ _ _ method of acquisition (e) Affectees disposed without provision of immediate compensation by number , reason_ (f) Community property adversely affected by numbers types mitigation measures provided (g) Loss of access to community property. Number of affectees Type of property without access_ (h) Any cultural property affected? Number Types (i) Number of grievances registered Number addressed If not addressed provide reasons_
23. HIV/AIDS: The Project will liaise with the HIV/AIDS Project in Sri Lanka to ensure that high risk groups are made aware of HIV/AIDS risks, and that truckers are provided with preventive packages as developed by the health project.
26 PART TWO STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS SCREENING & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1. Social/Social Impact Assessment is a common tool used for project preparation with community participation. The information collected from communities is used as feed back to inform project design. Important aspects of the Social Assessment (SA) are that it should be inclusive of all stakeholders and groups in the community, particularly, gender and vulnerable groups. Where women are unresponsive in mixed consultations, efforts need to be made to obtain their views separately. It should also obtain information on the culture of the area and an assessment of social safeguards. Stakeholder's consultation is one of the mechanisms to obtain information. The assessment also needs to provide participation and consultation strategy and a grievance redressal mechanism
2. The objective of stakeholder consultation is to help verify the social issues that have been presumed to arise and to identify those which are not yet known or are unique to a sub-project area. These consultations are expected to be a two-way communication process with "feed forward" of information on the project's goals, objectives, scope and social impact implications to the project beneficiaries, and their 'feed-back' on these issues for the policymakers and project designers. Consultations are expected to span the entire project period with varying focus on community and stakeholder groups depending on the stages of the project cycle and significance of the impact issues. Furthermore, they will also be used to explain the rights and responsibilities of the different stakeholders. In addition, it will allow for public relations, information dissemination and conflict resolution.
3. More specifically, the exercise will assist to: identify the stakeholder; determine the stakeholder interests, which will be affected and/or enhanced directly and indirectly; determine the extent and bases of power and influence of the stakeholders and formal and informal interest groups; and formulate a stakeholder participation strategy taking into account their stakes/interests, powerbase and influence.
Consultation Methodology
4. Tools for community/stakeholder consultation will include open meetings, focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews, and in-depth hotspot meetings/discussions with the general project beneficiaries and the project affected individuals and groups. Group-focused discussions involving specific issues will follow as stakeholders and their interests and stakes become clear. More focused discussions may follow informing of, and seeking feedback on specific social safeguards impact mitigation policies and measures adopted in the SIMF.
Analysis and Documentation
5. To better understand the nature of their interests and stakes, stakeholders will be broadly categorized into direct and indirect groups where the former include all persons formal and informal, who have business and sources of livelihood located in the ROW and affected by the Project interventions. The second group in this category includes beneficiary and user groups (including transport owners and operators, traders, farmers contractors etc.), and the third group of direct affectees are the relevant govemment departments and agencies who are directly involved in the project planning and implementation process and donors providing assistance to this sector. The
------…------27 indirect group consists of Civil Society groups including NGOs, academia, professional, religious, occupational, and women's groups along with formal and informal groups interested in the transport sector.
Identifying the Stakeholder Interests and their Power and Influence 6. Stakeholder interests will be determined through queries and an assessment of their: stakes and expectations; expected benefits; interests that may conflict with project goals; and resources that stakeholders are able and willing to mobilize. The next step entails an assessment of their power and interest, level of organization and access to and control over information
7. All aspects of the consultation process will be documented and summarized for feedback to project design and review. Summary documentations will include meeting records of the following: -- Open meetings, focus-group discussions (FGDs) and hot-spot discussions, with dates, number, venues, number of participants, and other information deemed necessary. (Detailed notes and records will be kept and made available to interested parties.)
Formulating the Stakeholder Participation Strategy
8. Following identification of key stakeholders and their interests and influence, the next step is to ensure their participation and inputs in the project preparation and implementation process. The RSAP Pirticipation Strategy will focus on all key stakeholders groups, a method for eliciting participation and timings of consultations to coincide with the different phases of the project cycle. All key stakeholder groups will be included keeping in view their power, interest and influence
9. The strategy identifies six stages in the project cycle -- from subprojects/roads identification through monitoring of mitigation plan implementation, which will require different participation methods, depending on the considerations suggested above. Below is a suggested format for stakeholder participation/consultation.
Suggested Format for Stakeholder Participation/Consultation Project Cycle Stakeholder Groups Participation Method Timing Identification PEA, MHAPCLG, Key Community Workshop and Group As per Members, NGOs/CBOs Consultation project schedule Stakeholder Communities, Individual stakeholders, Open and Group Discussions As per Consultation NGOs/CBOs (Religious and Ethnic project Groups, Trade Unions, etc.) schedule Social Safeguard PEA, MHAPCLG, Divisional Consultation & hotspot As per Screening Secretary, Consultant, Individual discussions with stakeholder project Stakeholders and Groups... groups & individuals schedule Safeguards Impact All Project-Affected Persons (PAPs) Survey of households & As per Assessment and Households affected assets, using project structured questionnaires schedule Detailed Design Consultants and Individual Consultation, Hot-spot As per Stakeholders Discussion project schedule Implementation PEA, MHAPCLG, MOL, Div Implementation Monitoring As per Secretary, Padeshiya Sabha, Committee project
28 Project Cycle Stakeholder Groups Participation Method T Individual Stakeholders schedule Monitoring PEA, MHAPCLG, PS, WB and Participatory Monitoring As per Individual Stakeholders project schedule Evaluation PEA, MHAPCLG, PS, WB, Participation in Review and As per Stakeholders, NGOs/CBOs Monitoring project schedule
Social Screening and Safeguards Impact Assessment
10. Project identification stage the purpose of social screening (along with identification of impacts of safeguards), is also to get an idea of potential positive impacts that could be reinforced to maximize the project's social development outcomes. Among other, social screening may include the following * Who are the affecters ( dis-aggregated by gender and income levels) * Any female headed household affected * Any vulnerable group affected ( disabled, old and marginalized group) * Determine the severity of impact by groups of affectees * What fixed assets are affected ( specify physical structure) * Any land affected? * Who owns the land * How will the land be acquired ( lay down the process) * Any business or sources of livelihood affected ( provide by groups of affectees) * Indigenous groups affected? If yes, what is the severity of impact? * How will they compensated? * Does the Project pass through areas where there may be cultural sites or where Chance Finds may exist (consultations and information from archaeology department to assist)? * Any possibility of the Project impacting on community property e.g. religious sites, burial grounds, etc. If yes, how should it be compensated? * Any public utility affected (telephone/electric poles and lines, railway tracts, etc. * Is there a dispute mechanism available at community level for resolving local level disputes? If yes, specify. If no, then how are conflicts resolves informally
11. Social screening should be done through consultation and use of secondary and census data. The depth of investigation may vary in terms of significance of the safeguards and non-safeguards issues. As formal community/stakeholders consultations begins, social screening serves to verify the feedback received from consultations and the results of stakeholder analysis, and gather more focused feedback/inputs for overall project design. Social screening also indicates the need for and scope of social/impact assessment. Documentation of social screening inputs will demonstrate that verifiable efforts have been made to minimize the project's adverse impacts.
12. Social screening for RSAP will primarily focus on the safeguard impacts and will identify the probable types and magnitude of losses, which each of the subprojects would cause and the number and type of persons affected. This would indicate whether or not a RP or an Abbreviated RP, and an IPDP would be required. Screening will be done for all potential impacts that have been
29 included in the policy frameworks, which will be assessed in greater details for preparation and implementation of the action plans.
Social Assessment and Safeguards Impact Assessment
13. Thus for preparation of Social Assessment/Impact Assessment the following activities will be undertaken: * Community consultation and social risks screening and assessment * Census of the project-affected persons and assets * Establishment of Cut-off dates for each subproject * Analysis of the census data * Review of the mitigation policies and PAP consultation (if necessary) * Formation and operationalization of Grievance Redress Committees
Detailed social / impact assessment will be carried out for the individual subprojects. The will assist in preparing the social component of the project, validate the application of guidelines specified, identify unanticipated impacts and provide mitigation measures The exercise will also provide the baseline data for the application of the social safeguard policies.
Methodology
14. Impact assessment will utilize both qualitative and quantitative information, both of which will be gathered together. In cases of issues with widespread qualitative implications, the project will use rapid appraisal methods, such as participatory rural appraisals, focus-group discussion, key informant interviews, etc. Collection of quantitative data will rely on household surveys consisting of all affected persons/ households and affected assets under all subprojects. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments will use structured questionnaires which will be designed with respect to the following: * Socioeconomic profiles of the different categories of project affected persons, relating to household size, education, landownership, occupational structure, and other information that would indicate the extent to which loss of lands and any other income earning activities might affect the concerned households. [Will also cover the indigenous peoples.] * income and asset profile of the area * Roads located in areas inhabited by indigenous peoples, for settlement pattern, cultural characteristics, relationship with the mainstream population, land tenure, occupational structure and socioeconomic vulnerability. * Physical cultural properties, as defined in the framework, with documentation of historical and/or cultural significance. * Any safeguards triggered? Safeguards provided identified in annex I
30 -I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ANNEX - I SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement
1. Bank's experience indicates that involuntary resettlements under development projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; people face impoverishment when productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address these impoverishment risks.
2. Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Where not feasible to avoid resettlement, it should be planned and executed as sustainable development programs with sufficient investment to enable PAPs to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be consulted and have opportunities to participate in planning and of resettlement programs. Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihood and standard of living or at least return them in real terms, to pre- displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, which ever is higher. This policy may be triggered by involuntary taking of land, loss of asset or loss of access to asset or livelihood/income
3. Displaced persons may be classified into: i) those with formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized under the law of the country) ii) those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to such land or assets provided that such claims are recognized under the law or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan.. iii) Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying.
OP 4.10 Indigenous People
4. The World Bank recommends that any investment project that affects indigenous peoples should prepare an Indigenous Peoples' Development Plan (IPDP) consistent with the its policy OP 4.20 on Indigenous Peoples. As the proposed Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) will focus on project components requiring only maintenance and rehabilitation and minor improvements which will be carried out on the existing alignments and is not expected to impact on Indigenous Peoples (IPs). However, should any Indigenous People get identified in the project area, an IPDP will be formulated in conformity with OP 4.10 and cleared from IDA
Definition of Indigenous Peoples
5. The RSAP will use the World Bank's guidelines to identify IPs in particular geographic areas by examining the following characteristics: * Close attachment to ancestral territories and natural resources therein; * Self-identification by the IPs themselves and identification by others as members of distinct cultural groups; * Use of an indigenous language often different than the predominant language (even if they use other languages in dealing with the non-indigenous peoples);
31 * Presence of customary social and political institutions; and * Presence of a primarily subsistence production system.
6. In fostering full respect for their dignity, human rights and cultural uniqueness, a Bank- financed project has to ensure that indigenous peoples do not suffer adverse impacts in the development process, and that they receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits. The Bank policy (OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples) requires that the sub-projects be carefully screened to identify whether there are indigenous peoples living in the project areas, and that informed participation of the IPs themselves must be the undertaken to identify local concerns and preferences through direct consultations with the IPs and incorporation of indigenous knowledge into project planning approaches.
OPN 11.03 Management of Cultural Property
7. Physical culture includes monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of "outstanding universal value" from the historical, aesthetic, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological point of view, including unrecorded graveyards and burial sites, and unique natural environmental features like canyons and waterfalls. Within this broader definition, cultural property is defined as sites and structures having archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, or religious significance, and natural sites with cultural values.
8. The general policy objective of the World Bank (OPN 11.03 on Management of Cultural Property in Bank-Financed Projects) is to assist in their preservation, and seek to avoid their elimination. The Bank adheres to the following project financing policies: * The Bank finances only those projects that are sited and designed so as to prevent significant damages to non-replicable cultural property. This policy pertains to any project where the Bank is involved, irrespective of whether the Bank is itself financing the part of the project that may affect cultural property. * Deviation from this policy may be justified only where expected project benefits are great, and the loss of or damage to cultural property is judged by competent authorities to be unavoidable, minor, or otherwise acceptable. The Bank also requires a discussion with specific details for their justification in the documents. 9. Sri Lanka has a rich physical cultural heritage and sites which are inseparable parts of her political and cultural history. It is expected that the works carried out under the proposed Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) are unlikely to pose a risk of damaging the known cultural properties. Existing documentation of cultural property, including unique environmental sites, will be carefully reviewed during feasibility study of the new roads.
Chance Finds of Artefacts
10. Even if the new roads are aligned to avoid damages to cultural properties, chance finds of moveable and immovable cultural or historical artefacts remain during construction works. Thus, * Whenever chance finds are made during the construction of the roads, the contractor will immediately informn the project execution agency which will, in turn, inform the government department concerned with cultural property. * The project execution agency will be responsible for securing the artefacts from theft, pilferage and damage until the responsibility is taken over by the relevant authorities.
-i~~~~~~~~~~~~ 32 * Failure to report a chance find immediately by the contractor will result in cancellation of the contract and punishment according to the relevant laws. * These conditions and procedures regarding chance finds will be included as standard provisions in the construction e documented in details and made available for IDA review and other interested persons and entities.
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