Skunks As Pets Elroy C
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Volume 25 | Issue 3 Article 5 1962 Skunks as Pets Elroy C. Jensen Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/iowastate_veterinarian Part of the Small or Companion Animal Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Jensen, Elroy C. (1962) "Skunks as Pets," Iowa State University Veterinarian: Vol. 25 : Iss. 3 , Article 5. Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/iowastate_veterinarian/vol25/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Iowa State University Veterinarian by an authorized editor of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SKUNKS AS PETS By Elroy C. Jensen, D.V.M., M.S.* The skunk is a small, fur bearing, car Skunks do not breed exceptionally well niverous, nocturnal mammal belonging to in captivity, and a conception rate of 66% the weasel family (Mustelidae). It is eas in one season is quite satisfactory ( 7). ily recognized by its black and white color Skunks are seasonally polyestrual. In temp and noted for its strong scent. There are erate zones they breed from the middle of four species of skunks in North America, February until the middle of March. When only two of these are present in the Mid domesticated, the older females breed dur west, the striped skunk and the spotted ing the early part of the season while the skunk. The other two, the hooded and younger are receptive during the latter the hognose skunk, are found in the South part of the mating season. A few young west. The striped skunk is the favorite as females do not breed at all during the a pet. first year. It is not necessary to breed in Skunks have become the most popular pairs if one is raising these animals for pet of the wild carnivores because when the market. It is possible to use as many obtained at a very early age, five or six as five females to one male. All may be weeks, they make affectionate and reward turned out together during the breeding ing pets. Those raised from domestic season. They will live peaceably together strains appear to make the better pets. until one to two weeks after conception Since skunks are basically a wild animal, when they tend to demand individual iso they must be worked with to make satis lation. This could result in the older fe factory pets. One so young that it must males fighting the male before the younger be fed with a bottle and nipple naturally females are bred. In colony breeding this becomes a good pet. To become a good pet could create quite a problem. Probably the they should not be kept with other skunks best and most certain method is isolated as they must be encouraged to seek the breeding where the males are kept sep companionship of their owner. Daily arate and the females are introduced in handling is best as some have a tendency diVidually and left overnight if necessary. to become somewhat apprehensive when The gestation period is 62 to 64 days. handled only infrequently. When getting Only one litter is produced each year acquainted with the creature for the first with an average litter being five although time, it is best to wear leather gloves to it may range from four to ten. At birth avoid being severely bitten. the young are called "kits" or kittens. Wild skunks as a rule have short or They are devoid of hair, blind and weigh thin white stripes and little if any white in about one ounce or the size of a full grown the tail. By selective breeding variations mouse. The eyes open in about three in the markings can be obtained. The weeks. The "kits" are completely depend most popular markings for the domesti ant on their mother for food, warmth, and cated skunk are broad white stripes, two protection. Weaning time is about six to and one-half to three and one-half inches seven weeks. At birth the offspring are wide in the adult, and an all white, aris black but the white pigment in the skin tocratic tail. They can also be bred so shows exactly how wide the stripes will that the offspring will have white feet and be and whether the tail will be black or white mottlings on their abdomens. white. When adults, they will weigh eight to ten pounds. The male is slightly heavier than its mate. Their life expectancy has * Dr. .Tensen is an Assistant Professor of Veterinary been given as about fifteen years. Medicil1e and Surgery. College of Veterinary Medicine. Iowa State University. Ames. Iowa. Skunks usually make good mothers, but 142 Iowa State UniversitlJ Veterinarian it is advisable not to disturb them any It requires about six ejections before their more than necessary. When the babies glands are completely empty. In spite of arrive the mother will come out of her nest these ejections, the skunk himself rarely and stamp her feet to indicate that she ever gets any of this material on itself doesn't want to be disturbed. If she be which must require some careful maneu comes overly exited, she may stamp and vering. Skunks may be descented (de kill her young in her efforts to protect frosted - disarmed) after they are three them. weeks of age. In my opinion, the ideal After being weaned, skunks may be fed age is around six weeks old as there is still commercial dog or cat food supplemented little danger of being sprayed and also with horse meat and raw eggs. Cow's milk because the papillae are not as friable at will cause diarrhea in the skunk (3). They this age as they are when three weeks old. also love bacon which may be given as an The technique I prefer is similar, with only occasional snack. Their diet should be slight modification, to that of Dr. Brad high in vitamins A and D so cod liver oil bury (1). is a good additive. Skunks deficient in Vitamins A and D are susceptible to Dcsccnting Technique sprains of the legs and back (6). Baby Instruments needed: No.3 Bard-Parker skunks have an especially high require handle, No. 11 blade (the bayonet type), ment. In early fall skunks will have a Allis tissue forceps, curved mosquito for voracious appetite in anticipation of hiber ceps, rubber gloves (which can be dis nation. Incidentally, they do not under go posed), a large glass jar and lid. a true hibernation but during extremely Anethesia and Handling: Place the cold weather may sleep for several days. skunk in a glass container in which has If fed excessively at this time, they may been placed an ether soaked piece of cot become very obese and sluggish. This ex ton. It has been said that skunks can not cess fat is not easily lost. emit scent when held off the ground by Skunks may be housebroken as easily their tails. This is not exactly true as it as cats. Do not let them outside unless can "spray" if it is able to curl up and they are fenced in as they have a way of grasp himself with his front feet. Little wandering off. They may be kept in a time should be lost in getting the skunk kitchen or basement and make good mous from his cage to the anesthetic jar as this ers. They do not climb like cats or rac will lessen the danger of being sprayed. coons but will go up and down stairs. Due Rarely will the skunk spray during the to their small head, harnesses are more time it is in the anesthetic jar. If the ani satisfactory than collars if they are to be mal is three months or older, I would sug trained to a leash. If a skunk escapes, it gest using Pentobarbital sodium given in may be box trapped using a strip of bacon traperitoneally at the rate of 1/5 cc di as bait. luted with 4/5 cc distilled water per pound At birth skunks are provided with a of body weight. The animal's weight protective mechanism which is peculiar to should be calculated quite accurately. A its species. The scent glands, located just sack or sheet may be wrapped around the inside the anal sphincter, contain a vola animal while it is suspended by its tail tile chemical - a mercaptan containing a during the injection. Surgical anesthesia sort of alcohol-sulfur combination. Us should occur in about ten minutes and ually, they do not begin spraying until last for about one hour. around six weeks old although they may Surgical Procedure: It is almost impos stamp their feet and elevate their tail long sible to perform this operation aseptically before this. It is interesting to note, that but infection can be reduced to a mini a skunk after developing its spraying cap mum by using a chemical sterilizing agent abilities can project with accuracy for dis such as a quaternary ammonium com tances from nine to ten feet. They may pound for the instruments. A small pled eject the foul smelling secretion either get of cotton may be dipped into this solu from one or both glands simultaneously. tion and applied to the operative site. I Issue, No.3, 1962-63 143 prefer to have the assistant hold the anes easier as there are only a few elastic fibers thetized patient in dorsal recumbency on remaining at its base.