On the Climate Adaptability Design of Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions

Ye Wu et al., AJSRE, 2019; 4:20 Research Article AJSRE (2019), 4:20 American Journal of Scientific Research and Essays (ISSN:2475-7527) On the climate adaptability design of hot summer and cold winter regions-Taking the design works of Huzhai Sanjia Kindergarten in Lancao County as an example Ye Wu1*, Xiao Shao2, Guozhu Chen3 1College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China. 2College of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China. 3College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 44300 2, China. ABSTRACT This article takes the example of the 8th China Dream Township- *Correspondence to Author: Product Creative Design Competition in 2019, the three-parent Ye Wu kindergarten in Huzhai Village, Lankao County, Kaifeng City College of Civil Engineering & Arch- as an example. According to the local climate characteristics, itecture, China Three Gorges Univ- architectural forms, building materials and other aspects ersity, Yichang, 443002, China. combined with ecological design means to create a suitable summer. Green kindergartens with climatic conditions in hot winter cold regions. The design mainly starts with the contradiction between kindergarten use and regional climate. How to cite this article: Through the optimization design of environment design, layout Ye Wu, Guozhu Chen, Xiao Shao. optimization, lighting and ventilation optimization and material On the climate adaptability design adoption, an ecological design method is proposed for rural of hot summer and cold winter kindergartens in hot summer and cold winter regions. regions-Taking the design works of Huzhai Sanjia Kindergarten in Keywords: Hot summer and cold winter area; Kindergarten; Climate; Ecology Lancao County as an example. American Journal of Scientific Research and Essays, 2019 4:20 eSciPub LLC, Houston, TX USA. Website: http://escipub.com/ AJSRE: http://escipub.com/american-journal-of-scientific-research-and-essays/ 1 Ye Wu et al., AJSRE, 2019; 4:20 1. Introduction: part in the process of engineering construction, Due to the large population base of China's va- and apply green building design to the current st territory, the demand for buildings is large an- architectural design. The hot summer and cold d energy consumption is large in this respect. winter areas are the most challenging areas for The energy conservation and environmental pr- green building design. Therefore, this paper ai- otection of domestic buildings in this century is ms to provide ideas for green building design in an important theme. Therefore, the constructio- hot summer and cold winter areas through a c- n industry should adhere to green as the main ompetition case. Figure 1 (plan view and first-phase renderings) 2. Base condition overview 2.1 overviews of base climatic conditions month is July and August, and the coldest mon- Lankao County in Kaifeng City is a warm tem- th is January (Figure 2). perate continental monsoon climate with four d- The project site is located in Yifeng Township, istinct seasons and sufficient sunshine. The an- Lankao County, Henan Province, six kilometers nual sunshine hours are 2529.7 hours. The ba- southeast of Yifeng Township, Lankao County, se itself belongs to the hot summer and cold and borders Shangqiu Minquan County. The vi- winter regions, with mild climate, annual aver- llage has a population of 1,006, a cultivated ar- age temperature of 14 degrees; moderate rain- ea of 1,346 mu, and a per capita land of 1.3 mu. fall, average annual rainfall 678.2 mm. The mo- Huzhai Village is located at the ancient levee of st precipitation is in July and August, the wind is the Yellow River. The soil has a large sediment generally around 3-4, the summer wind is sout- concentration and is suitable for a variety of cr- hwest wind, winter northeast wind. The hottest ops Figure 2 (climate analysis chart) AJSRE: https://escipub.com/american-journal-of-scientific-research-and-essays/ 2 Ye Wu et al., AJSRE, 2019; 4:20 2.2 Project space layout and base condi- height difference from the other parts of the ba- tions contradictory se (shown in Figure 3), and the location itself is Kindergarten needs many outdoor activities ve- adapted to the layout of the entrance and exit nues. Contact with nature is beneficial to chil- functions, so there is a problem between the dren's physical and mental health. However, u- functional requirements of the building itself nder certain extreme weather conditions, chil- and the height difference of the base. dren are not allowed to carry out activities out- The last point is that the project's own land use doors safely. In the many cases, teachers usu- conditions are relatively tight, so it is difficult for ally use music classrooms instead. However us to arrange the activity room in a space that the way is not able to adapt to the long-stand- is relatively oriented and can be directly con- ing climatic factors, so it is necessary to create nected with the classroom, so it is necessary to a safe outdoor activity space. rationally design the functional streamline. The southeast corner of the project base has a ’ Figure 3 (base analysis chart) 3. Environmental design and layout opti- ing. mization As Kaifeng City belongs to the hot summer and 3.1 Planting cold winter regions, in order to get the high te- Only when combined with the local environ- mperature of hot summer down and cold weat- ment can the building produce a good atmos- her in winter regions, we combine the charac- phere, and the greening of plants should respe- teristic of winter leaves of the local characteris- ct the local natural conditions. By selecting na- tic plants-Paulownia and poplar, and the growth tive plants and introducing the native nature in- characteristics of the long leaves in summer. to the building, a natural green architectural la- We plant it on the more severe side of the sum- ndscape can be created. Lancao County, Kai- mer sun, so that when the sun is strong in the feng City has a variety of plants such as cedar, summer, we can create a cool space for the magnolia , osmanthus tree, ginkgo, acacia, pa- young children by using it to absorb the strong ulownia, etc., but considering the cost of con- solar radiation on the west side, and in the struction and the needs of the site and plant le- winter it will naturally fall leaves so that it can vel, we choose paulownia, poplar, lobular, and introduce enough sunlight into the room. abundance plants to carry out landscape plant- And these two kinds of trees can form a good AJSRE: https://escipub.com/american-journal-of-scientific-research-and-essays/ 3 Ye Wu et al., AJSRE, 2019; 4:20 landscape level with the shrubs such as the logical benefits (as shown in Figures 4, 5 and lobes, and they together can achieve good eco- 6). Figure 4 (paulownia) Figure 5 (Poplar) Figure 6 (Lobelia) 3.2 compost design manure. The means are simple and convenient The ecological design of rural kindergartens is for local residents to operate. different from the ecological design of urban ki- 3.3 Optimize the spatial layout design ac- ndergartens. It is more inclined to combine eco- cording to the nature of the base logical design with the geographical conditions We designed the main entrance as an over- of local characteristics. head corridor in combination with the height dif- Kindergarten needs organic production more. ference of the site, and combined the height dif- On the one hand, it is about children's health. ference with the activity space required by the On the other hand, it makes children feel that kindergarten. This solves the problem that the they are part of the ecosystem from an early building shape will block the shadow of the low- age. So that they won't destroy it, won't want to lying children's activity venue, and the entrance endlessly ask for it. This is a seed in the heart space and the children's outdoor area are com- of children. bined to create an interesting grey space. Nat- According to statistical surveys, organic waste urally, the building block is divided into two pa- accounts for more than 80% of the waste in ru- rts, making it easy to place different building ral areas. Therefore, if these wastes can be dis- functions. posed of, it is equivalent to treating 80% of do- According to the summer wind direction, we ho- mestic garbage in rural areas. Therefore, com- llow out the northward building block, which bined with the characteristics of local geograp- makes it easy to combine the hallway to guide hical conditions, we consider the use of envi- the wind direction. At the same time, the activity ronmentally friendly enzymes to decompose lo- room is placed on the first floor, so that the you- cal organic waste. The advantage of this meth- ng children can directly reach the outdoor ac- od is that the container is easy to obtain on the tivity site from the indoor activity room. Place one hand, ordinary plastic buckets, unused cyli- the activity space such as the sound room and nders and crucibles can be used for this meth- classroom in the upper layer of the activity ro- od. On the one hand, the production method is om, and give the classroom the best view of the simple and easy to operate, the kitchen dregs land for the planting experience. At the same and peels used in the kitchen can be used as time, the two-three-level teaching area stream- enzyme raw materials, and the other raw ma- line will be directly led to the outdoor activity terials such as water and sugar are easily ob- space through the straight staircase, enhancing tained in life, and the technical treatment of the the connection of the classroom and outdoor.

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