DOCSLIB.ORG

Upland Peats - Management Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Upland Peats - Management Assessment UPLAND PEATS - MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT Revised Final Report - Volume 1 October 2010 English Heritage Issue No: 2008-9/850 OAN Job No: L9200 Title UPLAND PEATS, MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT Authors Elizabeth Huckerby, Jo Cook, Jamie Quartermaine, Paul Gajos Derivation MAIN Origination date October 2010 Reviser Elizabeth Huckerby and Jamie Quartermaine Date of this, latest, 11th January 2011 version Version 3.0 Status Final Summary of changes As per EH letter of September 2011 Circulation English Heritage: Helen Keeley, Kath Buxton Required action File name/location uppeats_final_19102010.doc Approval: Jamie Quartermaine (Project Manager) Rachel Newman (Project Executive) On behalf of English Heritage Oxford Archaeology North © Oxford Archaeology Ltd (2010) Mill 3 Janus House Moor Lane Mills Osney Mead Lancaster Oxford LA1 1GF OX2 0EA t: (0044) 01524 541000 t: (0044) 01865 263800 f: (0044) 01524 848606 f: (0044) 01865 793496 w: www.oxfordarch.co.uk e: [email protected] Oxford Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No: 285627 Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. Upland Peats Management Assessment - Final Report: Volume 1 1 CONTENTS VOLUME 1 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. 6 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. 9 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................11 1.1 Contractual Background to the Upland Peat Project......................................11 1.2 The Upland Peatland Resource.....................................................................12 1.3 Threats to the Upland Peats ..........................................................................15 1.4 Aims of the Study.........................................................................................15 1.5 Objectives ....................................................................................................17 1.6 Study Areas..................................................................................................18 1.7 Structure of the Report .................................................................................21 2. PEAT LOSS AND THREATS....................................................................................23 2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................23 2.2 Extent of Peat Loss from Upland Environments............................................23 2.3 Historical Peat Loss......................................................................................26 2.4 Drainage.......................................................................................................28 2.5 Climate.........................................................................................................32 2.6 Pollution.......................................................................................................36 2.7 Farming........................................................................................................37 2.8 Forestry........................................................................................................45 2.9 Recreation ....................................................................................................53 2.10 Fire...............................................................................................................59 2.11 Peat Cutting..................................................................................................73 2.12 Masts and Wind Farms .................................................................................75 2.13 Conclusions..................................................................................................76 3. UPLAND PEAT DATASETS.....................................................................................79 3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................79 3.2 Graphic Datasets ..........................................................................................79 3.3 Palaeoenvironmental Datasets ......................................................................82 4. IDENTIFICATION OF ARCHAEOLOGY – A METHODOLOGICAL CASE STUDY........85 4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................85 4.2 Fieldwalking / Peat Scar Prospection............................................................86 4.3 Probing.........................................................................................................88 4.4 Test Pitting ...................................................................................................90 4.5 Geophysical Survey......................................................................................91 4.6 Palaeoecological Methods ............................................................................93 4.7 Methodological Assessment .........................................................................97 For the use of English Heritage OA North October 2010 Upland Peats Management Assessment - Final Report: Volume 1 2 5. SUMMARY OF THE CASE STUDIES ......................................................................102 5.1 Introduction................................................................................................102 5.2 South-West Fells ........................................................................................102 5.3 The Langdale Fells .....................................................................................104 5.4 Forest of Bowland ......................................................................................106 5.5 Anglezarke Moor........................................................................................108 5.6 Conclusions................................................................................................109 6. UPLAND PEATLAND ENVIRONMENT...................................................................111 6.1 Introduction................................................................................................111 6.2 Peat Inception.............................................................................................111 6.3 Peat Condition............................................................................................115 6.4 Relationship of the Archaeological Resource to Peat Development.............120 7. ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE UPLAND PEATS....................................126 7.1 The Potential of the Uplands.......................................................................126 8. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL.......................................................................130 8.1 Introduction................................................................................................130 8.2 Mapping the Extent of the Peat...................................................................130 8.3 Creating the Threat Model..........................................................................131 8.4 Results: the Threat Model...........................................................................135 8.5 Creating the Archaeology Model ................................................................140 8.6 Results: the Archaeology Model.................................................................142 8.7 Combining the Archaeology and Threat Models for the South-West Fells ..145 8.8 Conclusions................................................................................................146 9. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE UPLAND PEATS ..............149 9.1 Introduction................................................................................................149 9.2 Threats Affected by Planning Controls .......................................................149 9.3 Most Significant Management-Related Threats...........................................150 9.4 Higher-Level Stewardship Scheme.............................................................152 9.5 Introduction to Landscape Assessment .......................................................155 9.6 Aims of Landscape Assessment..................................................................156 9.7 Introduction to Methodology ......................................................................158 9.8 Stage 1 - Data Capture................................................................................158 9.9 Stage 1:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (X0.95) As "Modern," Both Val- Ues Treated As Constants, with AD 1950 As the Reference Year
    [RADIOCARBON, VOL 29, No. 1, 1987, P 78-99] HARWELL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS V A J WALKER, R S KEYZOR*, and R L OTLET Isotope Measurements Laboratory, Nuclear Applications Centre, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OXl l ORA, UK INTRODUCTION The results presented in this list include some recently measured sam- ples (1984) but mostly ones from our earlier years of operation which had not been previously published in RADIOCARBON. It is the first of a number of special lists prepared over the last year so that the backlog of unpub- lished dates of this laboratory will be cleared. The samples are all archaeo- logic from the United Kingdom most of which have originated from "res- cue"-type excavations. As in previous lists, all samples were measured by liquid scintillation counting (Otlet & Warchal,1978), and the error term quoted is the 10r stan- dard deviation estimate of the full replicate sample reproducibility (Otlet, 1979). The list was produced semi-automatically from the Harwell data base stored on the main frame computer using the procedures described in Otlet and Walker (1983). Calculations are based on the Libby half-life of 5568 years, using NBS oxalic acid standard (x0.95) as "modern," both val- ues treated as constants, with AD 1950 as the reference year. All results are corrected for fractionation according to the quoted b13C (wrt PDB) values measured in this laboratory. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to acknowledge the work of our colleagues, G A Bradburn and D G Humphreys, with the laboratory measurements and of E F Westall, S E Hasler, and M Gibson with the preparation of the data in computer readable form.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramblers Gems
    Ramblers Gems A Spring Vale Rambling Class Publication Volume 2 Issue 6 5th February 2021 For further information or to submit a contribution email: [email protected] Web Site http://www.springvaleramblers.co.uk/ I N S I D E T H I S I SSUE Stand and be Counted The census is a survey that happens every 10 years and 1 Tomorrow will be a Good day / gives a picture of all the people and households in Stand and be Counted England and Wales. We are all about to be counted again as the next census will take place in England and 2 The Pike Stones Wales on Sunday 21 March 2021. Scotland and Northern Ireland are responsible for their own census. 3 Jack’s Water / The Ribble River Trust The first census was taken in 1801 and the most recent 4 Stopping by Woods on a snowy Evening / in 2011. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) collects and analyses all the gathered information Frost at Midnight making the census unique. There is nothing else that 5 Nature Walks in February gives so much detail about us all and the society we live in. The information gathered and collated is used by all kinds of organisations, from local authorities to Tomorrow will be a Good Day charities. They use the information to help provide the services we all need, including transport, education and Captain Sir Tom Moore, the Second World War veteran healthcare. Without the census, it would be much more whose walk for charity inspired the nation at the start of difficult to do this.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Hill 1 - Moor Adventure
    1 Great Hill 1 - Moor Adventure There are a number of well known routes around Great Hill. Typically from White Coppice to Great Hill Peak, then Spitlers Edge to Will Narr and down to Lead Mines Clough then down to and along the Goyt back to White Coppice. Those are all on known pubic footpaths paths. The 6 mile walk here follows the usual route to the peak of Great Hill from White Coppic ebut then heads off across the moor to visit two hill tops, and two archaeological sites. On the moor itself there are few paths so this walk entails 2 miles across the moor with only ½ mile of visible path. The walk was done after a wet summer though having had a few good dry and hot days. While the moor was not dry, there was no problems with bogs and gaiters were not essential, just sensible. Much of the moor is covered in short heather, some grass areas and all of it “clumpy”. The two archaeological sites are a bowl barrow and a chambered long cairn. While it is possible to cross the moor without a compass, it is better to have one. At Point 13 you could take a shorter route to White Coppice by following the initial waypoints in reverse in Great Hill 2 description. The start of the walk is White Coppice cricket ground. Sometimes the café is open and in those cases the toilets behind the café are also open. When it’s not a cricket day, it’s possible to park in the small car park.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. the Prehistoric Period Resource Assessment (Pdf)
    Chapter 2: Prehistoric Period Resource Assessment Chapter 2 Prehistoric Period Resource Assessment by John Hodgson and Mark Brennand With contributions by David Barrowclough, Tom Clare, Ron Cowell, Mark Edmonds, Helen Evans, Elisabeth Huckerby, Keith Matthews, Philip Miles, David Mullin, Michael Nevell, John Prag, Jamie Quartermaine and Nick Thorpe. PALAEOLITHIC AND MESOLITHIC juniper and willow scrub with a rich herbaceous flora. This was ultimately replaced by more open The Palaeolithic period represents a time span cover- grassland with less stable soil conditions. ing almost the last half million years (Fig 2.1). Early Environmental changes resulted in a general rise in material from the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic is sea-level as the ice cap melted, an increase in rainfall, uncommon on a national scale, and there are no and natural successions of woodland vegetation. In known sites from the North West. For a considerable the earliest phase of the Mesolithic, by c 7250 BC, the part of this time the region was inhospitable due to coastline of North West England lay at c -20m OD glaciation, although the warmer, interglacial and (Tooley 1974, 33). This produced a coastline drawn interstadial periods would have undoubtedly seen roughly along a line from just west of Anglesey to gatherers and hunters exploiting the area that now west of Walney Island in Morecambe Bay, forming a forms the region. The Late Upper Palaeolithic (c belt of now submerged land, more than 20 km wide 11,000 to 8000 BC) represents the final stages of the (Tooley 1985, Fig. 6.1). By c 5200 BC the sea level Devensian glaciation.
    [Show full text]
  • Walks Organised by the Mid Lancashire Area Groups This Programme Is a Summary of the Walks Offered by Local Groups in the Mid Lancs Ramblers Area
    Walks Organised by the Mid Lancashire Area Groups This programme is a summary of the walks offered by local groups in the Mid Lancs Ramblers Area. Walk information is also available in list or map form along with further information on groups & walks at:- http://www.lancashire-ramblers.org.uk/walks-programme/walks-programme.html For more information contact the walk leader, or visit the group web site. (See bottom of table for these). Non members are welcome to come along to a few walks before joining the Ramblers. Grade :- EA=Easy Access, E=Easy, L=Leisurely, M - Moderate, S - Strenuous, T=Technical. // Post Codes are Approx. Grid Ref Post Start Length Date Group Walk Description Leader Contact Code Time Miles Grade Fields, woods and around a reservoir. A walk through fields, 01-06-17 South SD 611145 07443 13:30 L woods and a circuit of the reservoir (Meet at: Bay Horse, 6.0 Ann Thu Ribble PR6 9ER 533354 Babylon Lane, Heath Charnock, PR6 9ER) Redisher Woods and Holcombe Moor (Meet at: Car park on 03-06-17 SD 781163 01257 Chorley 10:30 M B6214 south of Holcombe Village (BL8 4NN)) . Car share from 8.5 Maurice Sat BL8 4LY 271507 Hallgate Car Park, Astley Village, Chorley PR7 1XA at •09:30• 03-06-17 SD 493455 Arnside. Coastal path to Silverdale (Meet at: Car Park at the 01995 Garstang 09:00 M 9.0 Carol Sat PR3 1LW Community Centre in Garstang) 601478 Yarrow Valley and Duxbury. Extended walk through and 04-06-17 SD 571153 around Yarrow Valley and Duxbury, including sections of the 07473 Chorley 11:00 L 6.0 Jack Sun PR7 3QA Chorley Circular Walk.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Cabinet Thursday, 4Th October 2007
    Executive Cabinet Agenda and Reports For consideration on Thursday, 4th October 2007 In the Council Chamber, Town Hall, Chorley At 5.00 pm PROCEDURE FOR PUBLIC QUESTIONS/SPEAKING AT EXECUTIVE CABINET MEETINGS Questions should be submitted to the Democratic Services Section by midday, two working days prior to each Executive Cabinet meeting to allow time to prepare appropriate responses and investigate the issue if necessary. A maximum period of 3 minutes will be allowed for a question from a member of the public on an item on the agenda. A maximum period of 30 minutes to be allocated for public questions if necessary at each meeting . The question to be answered by the Executive Member with responsibility for the service area or whoever is most appropriate. On receiving a reply the member of the public will be allowed to ask one supplementary question. Members of the public will be able to stay for the rest of the meeting should they so wish but will not be able to speak on any other agenda item upon using their allocated 3 minutes. Chief Executive’s Office Please ask for: Gordon Bankes Direct Dial: (01257) 515123 E-mail address: [email protected] Date: 25 September 2007 Town Hall Chief Executive: Donna Hall Market Street Chorley Lancashire PR7 1DP Dear Councillor EXECUTIVE CABINET - THURSDAY, 4TH OCTOBER 2007 You are invited to attend a meeting of the Executive Cabinet to be held in the Council Chamber, Town Hall, Chorley on Thursday, 4th October 2007 at 5.00 pm . AGENDA 1. Apologies for absence 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Site Allocations and Development Management Policies Development Plan Document
    Sites for Chorley Issues and Options Discussion Paper Site Allocations and Development Management Policies Development Plan Document Local Development Framework This page is intentionally blank. Contents Appendices Chapter...........................................................Page H. Tables, Lists & Maps.................................33 1) Schedule of evidence base studies..................34 Introduction..........................................................1 2) Schedule of saved Local Plan policies.............35 A. Delivering Infrastructure.....................…..............7 3) Infrastructure delivery schedule.......................38 4) Proposed cycle routes map.............................39 B. Catering for Sustainable Travel….......................9 5) Proposed tram route map................................40 6) Schedule and maps of all site suggestions......41 C. Homes For All………...……......….....................13 7) Existing employment allocations......................83 8) Map of employment areas to be protected.......84 D. Delivering Economic Prosperity.........................17 9) Proposed changes to retail boundaries............85 E. Built and Natural Environment...........................23 10) Locally important buildings list........................98 11) Locally important areas map.........................100 F. Promoting Health and Wellbeing.......................27 12) Areas of separation maps..............................101 13) Table of allocated sites for future G. Tackling Climate Change..................................31
    [Show full text]
  • Winter Hill Scrapbook
    WINTER HILL SCRAPBOOK. Compiled by Dave Lane VOLUME 2 This publication may be printed out free of charge for your own personal use. Any use of the contents for financial gain is strictly prohibited. [email protected] Issue 5. January 2004 Geological Walk. The River Douglas North of Horwich. By Rodney J Ireland. (This was, I believe just one of a number of walks around the area contained in a booklet published by the Wigan Geological Society. I have been unable to obtain a full copy of this booklet, merely a photocopy of this article) Introduction. The excursion, which follows the course of the RiverDouglas, commences at Rivington School, Lever Park Avenue, Horwich and terminates on Rivington Pike. Most of the journey is made along the river bed itself in order to see the best exposures. It is therefore recommended that, if possible, wellington boots are worn. Although the walking distance between the school and the Pike is only 1.5 miles (3 kilometres) the valley is steep and travelling over much rough ground. Accordingly, it is recommended that the better part of the day is set aside for the excursion. It is also recommended that the excursion should not be attempted immediately following heavy rainfall since high flows in the river can result in the route being dangerous and, furthermore, renders several exposures inaccessible. Despite the above cautionary notes, the excursion is both worthwhile and interesting. The valley affords numerous excellent exposures of the Lower Coal Measures (Westphalian) and Millstone Grit Series (Namurian). The geomorphology and faulting is also noteworthy and, in clear weather, a final reward is provided by the panoramic views from the Pike.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter Hill Scrapbook
    WINTER HILL SCRAPBOOK. Compiled by Dave Lane Photo shows aerial view of Rivington Pike with the surrounding tracks. Picture taken by the author from a Mainair Blade microlight. I’m the pilot …. flying with one hand, camera in the other hand! [email protected] 1 Free Web PDF edition June 2019 . NOT FOR SALE First Published – Internet edition Oct 2003 1st Revision Feb 2004 2nd Revision Oct 2004 3rd Revision Jan 2005 4th Revision Nov 2005 5th Revision July 2006 6th Revision Dec 2006 7th Revision Jun 2007 1st Paperback Edition A4 Aug 2007 2nd Paperback Edition 9 x 6 Nov 2007 2nd Edition, Revision 2 July 2008 FREE WEB PDF Edition June 2019 Published & Distributed by Lulu.com www.lulu.com ©Dave Lane 2007 & 2019 The right of Dave Lane to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Design & Patents Act 1988 ISBN Cover photo: The modern mast on Winter Hill with the original Granada structure next to it. Photograph courtesy of Bill Learmouth who retains full copyright. 2 To my ever suffering wife Sue, who has endured many absences from home over many years when I’ve been out “on the hills” - and should perhaps have been at home with the family. To my two sons, Simon and Richard, who have been dragged on to Winter Hill on many occasions and in all weathers. To my grandchildren, Megan, Chloe and Ethan who have in turn been dragged onto the hill by their father …… but who all seem to have thoroughly enjoyed the experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • Upland Peats – Management Assessment
    UPLAND PEATS – MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT VOLUME 2 The Case Studies and Appendices October 2010 English Heritage Issue No: 2008-9/850 OAN Job No: L9200 Upland Peats: Volume 2 - the Case Studies 1 CONTENTS A1 APPENDIX 1: DETAILED METHODOLOGY .........................................................3 A1.1 Context for the Case Studies............................................................................3 A1.2 Fieldwalking / Peat Scar Recording .................................................................4 A1.3 Probing............................................................................................................5 A1.4 Test Pitting......................................................................................................5 A1.5 Resistivity Survey............................................................................................6 A1.6 Ground-penetrating Radar Survey....................................................................6 A1.7 Evaluation Trenches ........................................................................................7 A1.8 Palaeoenvironmental Study .............................................................................7 A1.9 Archive .........................................................................................................11 A2 APPENDIX 2: THE CUMBRIAN SOUTH-WEST FELLS .......................................12 A2.1 Introduction...................................................................................................12 A2.2 Location, Geology and Topography...............................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of the Historic Environment in England's Uplands
    Conservation of the Historic Environment in England's Uplands Contract Report BD 1706 Date: March 2011 Submitted to: Prepared by: Natural England ADAS in association with Oxford Renslade House Archaeology North Bonhay Road ADAS Exeter 11D Milton Park Abingdon EX4 3AW Oxfordshire OX14 4RS Copyright The proposed approach and methodology is protected by copyright and no part of this document may be copied or disclosed to any third party, either before or after the contract is awarded, without the written consent of ADAS. 0936648 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... 1 1.1. Aims and Objectives........................................................................... 1 1.2. Definitions........................................................................................... 2 1.3. Background ........................................................................................ 4 2. METHODOLOGY................................................................................... 6 2.1. Literature Review................................................................................ 6 2.1.1. Upland Vegetation....................................................................... 6 2.1.2. Management Practices................................................................ 7 2.2. Selection and Interview of Major Stakeholders................................... 7 2.3. Identification of Gaps in Knowledge and Further Research Needs .... 8 2.4. Development of
    [Show full text]
  • Walks Organised by Some Mid Lancashire Area Groups This Programme Is a Summary of the Walks Offered by Some Local Groups in the Mid Lancs Ramblers Area
    Walks Organised by some Mid Lancashire Area Groups This programme is a summary of the walks offered by some local groups in the Mid Lancs Ramblers Area. Walk information is also available in list or map form along with further information on groups & walks at:- http://www.lancashire-ramblers.org.uk/walks-programme/walks-programme.html For more information contact the walk leader, or visit the group web site. (See bottom of table for these). Non members are welcome to come along to a few walks before joining the Ramblers. Grade :- EA=Easy Access, E=Easy, L=Leisurely, M - Moderate, S - Strenuous, T=Technical. // Post Codes are Approx. 07/06/18 07:42 Grid Ref Start Walk Description Length Date Group Leader Contact Time (Post codes below may be more precise than those in the Grid Column.) Miles Post Code Grade Haigh Hall. Canal, woods and fields. Walk starts at the 07-06-18 South SD 583099 01257 13:00 L Red Rock CP, Haigh, Wigan. SD583099, WN1 2UJ. (not 5.5 Bob Thu Ribble WN1 2UJ 413165 the CP next to canal), 09-06-18 SD 706050 Dales Highway. Newbiggin on Lune to Hof. (Meet at: 01257 Chorley 08:00 M 10.0 Denny Sat BL5 1BX Coach from Union Street PR7 1AL SD584178) 262122 09-06-18 SD 493455 Clapham. Undulating paths. (Meet at: Car Park at the 01995 Garstang 09:00 M 9.0 Dorothy P Sat PR3 1LW Community Centre in Garstang) 602995 10-06-18 SD 564146 Coppull circular walk. (Meet at: Coppull Enterprise 01257 Chorley 13:00 M 5.0 Rod Sun PR7 4QH Centre PR7 5BW) 470466 12-06-18 SD 587152 Yarrow Valley.
    [Show full text]