Yield Evaluation of Macrocybe Gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge
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Advances in Life Sciences 5(24), Print : ISSN 2278-3849, 11277-11278, 2016 Yield Evaluation of Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge (Giant Mushroom) on Locally Available Different Agro-Wastes K.P.S. KUSHWAHA, ARUN KUSHWAHA AND S.K. MISHRA Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture GB Pant University of Agric. & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand ABSTRACT spawn was prepared using boiled and autoclave wheat grains as a base material in glass bottle. The base material In search of suitable substrate for production of (spawn medium) inoculated with a small bit of 10 days old Macrocybe gigantea (Giant mushroom) locally available culture, under aseptic condition and incubated at 30+1oC different agro-waste like wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw for 20 days. The substrate used for experimentation was (WS), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) straw (CS), Lentil (Lens locally available different agro-wastes i.e. wheat (Triticum culinaris) straw (LS), Lawngrass (Zoysia tenuifolia) dry, aestivum) straw, chickpea (Cicer arietinum) straw, lentil WS+CS (1:1w/w), WS+LS (1:1w/w), CS+LS (1:1 w/w) and (Lens culinaris) straw, lawngrass (Zoysia tenuifolia), WS+CS+LS (1:1:1 w/w) were evaluated for the yield WS+CS (1:1w/w), WS+LS (1:1w/w), CS+LS (1:1 w/w) and performance. The spawn run completed in 21-24 days in WS+CS+LS (1:1:1 w/w). The substrates were soaked in all the substrate while pinheads appears 14-16 days after water for 18hrs. then after draining the excess water allow casing of the bags. The substrate wheat straw +lentil straw the substrate to dry for 2-3 hrs to achieve 68+2% moisture (1:1 w/w) was found the best by producing maximum yield level and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was added to the 5210g/6400g dry substrate (81.41% BE) followed by substrate @ 1% on dry weight basis to adjust the pH of the Lentil straw alone with yield of 5180g/6400g dry substrate substrate in between 8-8.5. After getting desired moisture (80.94% BE). The per cent increase in yield over check level, the substrate filled in polybags (41x30cm) @ 2kg wet (wheat straw) was calculated and maximum 92.96% yield substrate and autoclaved at 22psi for 1 hr. (Mishra et al., was increase in case of wheat straw + lentil straw and 2012, Kushwaha et al, 2006). The autoclaved substrate bags 91.85% in lentil straw alone. The average weight per fruit were inoculated aseptically (spawned) with the grain spawn body was recorded maximum 61.11g in case of lawngrass. @ 5% of the ready substrate. The spawned bags were kept in the crop room in a completely randomized design with three replication and in each replication 10 bags of 2kg wet Key words cultivation technology, Macrocybe substrate were maintained. The temperature of the crop gigantea, Giant mushroom, substrate, agro- room was maintained at 30+2oC temperature for spawn run wastes and cropping. After complete spawn run, 3 cm thick layer of casing soil applied uniformly on bags. Casing soil was Macrocybe gigantea commonly known as giant prepared with mixing of FYM+ Sand (1:1 v/v) and pH of the mushroom or pantropical mushroom is a new entry in the casing mixture was adjusted to 8.0 using CaCO3 or CaSO4. list of mushroom under cultivation in India which resemble Then casing mixture was treated with 4 per cent very much to milky mushroom. The genus Macrocybe formaldehyde solution and covered with plastic sheet for belongs to a group of edible fungi of the class 48hrs (Bhatt et al., 2007). Relative humidity of the crop Agaricomycetes, order Agaricales and family – room was maintained in between 70-80% by sprinkling of Tricholomataceae (Kirk et al., 2008). This mushroom posses water twice a day. The observation regarding time taken for significant hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory spawn run, time taken for pinhead initiation, time taken to activity. Nutritionally it contains 24.1 per cent protein, 10.2 mature fruit body, number of mushroom, total yield and per cent carbohydrate and 5.60 per cent glycogen on dry weight per fruit body were recorded. The biological weight basis (Pamitha and Latha 2014). It also contains efficiency (BE) and yield increased (YI) were calculated by excellent antioxidant activity (Gaur and Rao, 2016). Artificial using the formula. cultivation of this mushroom is still in infancy in comparison to other mushroom. This mushroom can easily and successfully be cultivated on wheat straw. However, still no work has been done to determine the suitability of the locally available agro wastes for cultivation of this mushroom. Considering the medicinal and nutritional attributes of this mushroom, an attempt was made to develop cultivation technique by evaluating locally available different agro-wastes as substrate. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS The mushroom mycelium took 21-24days for spawn Pure culture of Macrocybe gigantea (strain MA-4) run in all the substrate while pinheads initiated after 13-16 was procured from MRTC, Pantnagar. The culture was days of applying casing mixture. The pinheads took 4-6 maintained using PDA medium at 300C temperature. The days to develop as a mature mushroom (Fig. 1). The data 11278 Advances in Life Sciences 5(24), 2016 Table. Evaluation of different agro wastes for yield of Macrocybe gigantea Treatment Days taken Days taken Days No. of Total yield Avg. fruit Biological Yield for spawn for pinhead taken to fruit (g/6400g body Efficiency increased run initiation mature bodies dry (g) (%) over check fruit body substrate) (%) Wheat straw (WS) 22 15 5 66.67 2700.00 40.50 42.18 -- Chickpea straw (CS) 21 14 4 84.00 4493.33 53.49 70.12 66.42 Lentil straw (LS) 22 13 5 110.00 5180.00 47.09 80.94 91.85 Lawngrass dry (LD) 23 16 5 54.00 3300.00 61.11 51.56 22.22 WS+CS 21 14 4 76.67 4093.33 53.39 63.96 51.60 LS+CS 23 15 6 81.33 4286.67 52.70 66.98 58.77 WS+LS 21 13 4 89.33 5210.00 58.32 81.41 92.96 LS+WS+CS 24 16 4 88.67 5053.33 56.99 78.96 87.16 CD at 5% 20.44 1358.43 Fig 1. (a) Pinhead Fig 1. (b) Mature fruit body presented in table 01 revealed that the maximum number of straw, paddy straw alone and in combination of 1:1, 1:2 and fruit bodies (110 No.) harvested from the substrate lentil 2:1 ratio and reported 22.55% to 146% biological efficiency. straw which is significantly higher than the number of fruit LITERATURE CITED bodies harvested from other substrate. Minimum numbers of fruit body were harvested on lawngrass which is at par Bhatt, Pratibha; Kushwha, KPS; and Singh RP 2007. Evaluation of with the number recorded from wheat straw (check). In terms different substrates and casing mixtures for production of Calocybe indica. Indian Phytopath. 60(1):128-130. of total yield the substrate wheat straw + lentil straw (1:1 w/ w) was found the best on which maximum yield 5210g/6400g Gaur, Tanvi and Rao, PB 2016. Antioxidant potential of the giant mushroom (Macrocybe gigantean (Agaicomycetes) from India dry substrate (biological efficiency 81.4%) recorded which in different drying methods. Int. J. Med. mushrooms. 18(2):133- was at par with the yield recorded 5180g (BE 80.94%) on 140. lentil straw + wheat straw + chickpea straw, 4493.33g (BE Kirk, PM; Cannon, PF; Minter, DW; and Stalpers, JA 2008. 70.21%) on chickpea straw , 4093.33g (BE 63.96%) on lentil Dictionary of fungi (10th ed.) CABI, Walling Ford UK. P396. straw + chickpea straw and 4093.33g (BE 63.96%) on wheat Kushwaha, KPS; Bhatt, Pratibha and Singh RP 2006. Evaluation of straw + chickpea straw. Significantly lowest yield 2700g/ different substrate for yield performance of Auricularia 6400g dry substrate (BE 42.18%) obtained from wheat straw polytricha a medicinal mushroom Internat. J. agric. Sci. 2(2):389- alone which was at par with the yield recorded of lawngrass 391. alone. The increased yield over check (wheat straw) was Mishra, KK; Mishra Prachi and Kushwaha KPS. 2012. Culture maximum 92.96% obtained in case of wheat straw + lentil morphological and yield attributes of winter mushroom straw followed by 91.85% in lentil straw alone. However Flammulina velutipes (Curt. Fr.) Sing. J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol. the minimum 22.22% increase recorded in case of lawngrass. 42(1):167-171. The average weight per fruit body was recorded maximum Pamitha, N.S and Latha, PG 2014. Medicinal and nutriceutical 61.11g in case of lawngrass whereas minimum 40.50g potential of giant mushroom (Macrocybe gigantea (massee) recorded on wheat straw . Peglar & Lodge). kau.egranth.ac.in These finding are inconsonance with the results of Vijaykumar, Gitte; John, Priya and Ganesh, Kotgire 2014. Evaluation of different casing materials for cultivation of milky mushroom. Bhatt et al. (2007) and Vijaykumar et. al. (2014) who have Mushroom Research. 23(2); 181-184. cultivated Calocybe indica (milky mushroom) on wheat Received on 22-12-2016 Accepted on 26-12-2016.