Title of dissertation Morphological and molecular systematics of Southeast Asian spiny

( Maxomys) with descriptions of two new species from Indonesia

RONPAKU Fellow Name Anang Setiawan Achmadi Position Curator and Researcher ID No. R － 11410 Department Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research center for Biology Institution Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Nationality Indonesia Japanese Advisor Name Hitoshi SUZUKI Position Professor Institution Laboratory of Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University

ABSTRACT. Species of the genus Maxomys are one of the most common rats in the Southeast Asian region. They are distributed widespread throughout Southeast Asia start from mainland Southeast Asia, throughout much of the Peninsular Malaysia to Borneo, , Sumatera, Java and Palawan island in the Phillipines, as well as on several of the smaller islands of Sunda Self. Unfortunately, the knowledge of , diversity, relationships, systematic and biogeography of this genus is very limited. We documented a various information of phylogeny, diversity, biogeography, systematic and variations within Maxomys from specimens datasets collected from several fieldworks in Indonesia and Malaysia and collections deposited at several museums in Indonesia, United States, Australia, and Canada. We are using craniometric measurements, spectrophotometric and molecular approaches to solve the problem within Maxomys. Recently, we are updating the taxonomical status and morphological variations among species within Maxomys from Indonesia and Malaysia. Results indicated that Maxomys consist of 13 species: M. whiteheadi, M. surifer, M. rajah, M. ochraceiventer, M. baeodon, M. alticola, M. musschenbroekii, M. hellwaldii, M. wattsi, M. pagensis, M. bartelsii, M. inas and one distinct population of M. whiteheadi from 16 known species of Maxomys in Malaysia and Indonesian archipelago. Otherwise, we generated a 3-locus DNA sequence data set to estimate phylogenetic relationships among species and populations of Maxomys. Our results show that with the inclusion of Crunomys as a potential outgroup supported the monophyly of Crunomys, but the genus was deeply nested within Maxomys. Because of the relatively ancient divergences (mean uncorrected p-distances up to 0.15 in cytochrome-b sequences) among species of Maxomys and short branch lengths among basal lineages of the phylogeny, we obtained little support for the oldest relationships in Maxomys + Crunomys. However, our analyses revealed unrecognized diversity in the form of divergent populations both between and within islands and the presence of 2 potentially undescribed species from Sulawesi. The Maxomys and Crunomys of Sulawesi belonged to 4 clades sister to extralimital species, suggesting that repeated overwater dispersal between Sundaland – Philippines and Sulawesi was an important isolating mechanism in the history of this group. Subsequently, we describe two new species of Maxomys, one species of Maxomys tajuddinii from Borneo island and Maxomys cf. hellwaldi from Sulawesi island and potentially there is undescribed species from this island.

Recent Activities: 1st Visit to Sapporo (1 December 2014 – 28 February 2015: The activities conducted during this visit as follows: 1. I conducted molecular works in the laboratory and successfully sequencing 33 samples of Maxomys from Kalimantan using Mc1r gene marker. 2. Finished first draft and reviewing manuscript which entitled ”A new species of Maxomys from Mount Tompotika, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia”. This manuscript was part of Chapter IV. 3. Invited Seminar : Systematic and Biogeography of Southeast Asian Spiny Rats; Genus Maxomys (Family ). JSPS Core to Core Program “Second Seminar on Asian Vertebrate Species Diversity Research”. The Kyoto University Museum, 23 - 26 December 2014. Give a presentation in Kyoto University Museum, in collaboration with Prof. Dr. Masaharu Motokawa. The topic that choosen was the recent thesis progress and to share the information with students and other members. 4. Measuring coat color using Spectrophotometer CM-700d for specimens deposited in Kyoto Museum (mostly M. alticola)

The activities conducted during the second visit as follows: 1. Attending Vth International Wildlife Management Congress (26 – 30 July 2015 in Sapporo, Japan).

I presented two topics: a. fauna of Sulawesi Island : diversity, new discoveries and distributions. Vth International Wildlife Management Congress July 2015 Sapporo, Japan). Presented on 30 July 2015, 16.00 pm b. Systematic and Biogeography of Southeast Asian Spiny Rats (Genus Maxomys: Family Muridae). Vth International Wildlife Management Congress July 2015 Sapporo, Japan). Presented on 29 July 2015, 16.00 pm 2. Attending Vth International Symposium on Vertebrate Species Diversity (16 – 19 December 2015 will be held in Bangkok, Thailand). Oral presentation title: Sulawesi murine diversity; rediscovery of rarely endemic species of rats from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Vth International Symposium on Vertebrate Species Diversity (16 – 19 December 2015 held in Bangkok, presented on 17 Dec 2015.

3. Measuring coat color variations using spectrophotometer from specimens Maxomys which deposited at Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, RCB – LIPI, Indonesia. 4. Starting molecular analysis on Coat color variations inferred from Mc1r gene marker. 5. Do some fieldworks in Sulawesi and Sumatra island. I and Prof. Hitoshi Suzuki conducted fieldwork in Dumai, Riau Province, Sumatra Island from 11 – 17 March 2015.

The activities conducted during the 3rd visit (last visit) as follows (8 January – 9 February 2017): 1. Finished the thesis final draft. 2. Thesis presentation on 23 January 2017, attended by approximately 20 persons on 16.00 pm. 3. Thesis submission to the faculty

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Vth IWMC Congress, Sapporo, 27 – 30 July 2015

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Participants of Vth AVIS JSPS Core to Core Oral Presentation at Vth AVIS JSPS Core to Program, Bangkok, 15 – 19 December 2015 Core Program, Bangkok, 15 – 19 December 2015