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Multilevel Marketing Diffusion and the Risk of Pyramid Scheme Activity: the Ac Se of Fortune Hi‐Tech Marketing in Montana Stacie A
Hamline University DigitalCommons@Hamline School of Business All Faculty Scholarship School of Business Spring 2015 Multilevel Marketing Diffusion and the Risk of Pyramid Scheme Activity: The aC se of Fortune Hi‐Tech Marketing in Montana Stacie A. Bosley Hamline University, [email protected] Kim McKeage Hamline University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/hsb_faculty Part of the Economics Commons, Marketing Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Bosley, Stacie A. and McKeage, Kim, "Multilevel Marketing Diffusion and the Risk of Pyramid Scheme Activity: The asC e of Fortune Hi‐Tech Marketing in Montana" (2015). School of Business All Faculty Scholarship. Paper 2. http://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/hsb_faculty/2 This is the author's submitted copy before peer reviewed edits. The final, definitive version of this document can be found online at Journal of Public Policy & Marketing published by the American Marketing Association. Copyright restrictions apply. doi: 10.1509/jppm.13.086 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Business at DigitalCommons@Hamline. It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Business All Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Hamline. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 July 14, 2014 Stacie Bosley and Kim K. McKeage Forthcoming in the Journal of Public Policy and Marketing Multilevel marketing diffusion and the risk of pyramid scheme activity: The case of Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing in Montana Abstract While statisticians have simulated the expected rate of growth in pyramid schemes, this research examines actual data on the spread of an alleged pyramid scheme in Montana. -
Chapter 7: MLM's Abysmal Numbers
7-1 The Case (for and) against Multi-level Marketing By Jon M. Taylor, MBA, Ph.D., Consumer Awareness Institute Chapter 7: MLM’s ABYSMAL NUMBERS Chapter summary a large enough downline to meet expenses, and therefore do not profit. Is MLM a profitable business These conclusions were confirmed in the opportunity? And if so, for whom? Just do the average earnings reports of all 30 MLMs for math – the numbers don't lie. In this and which we were able to obtain data published preceding chapters, you will find the most by the companies themselves. Such statistics rigorous and thorough analysis of MLM are invaluable for analysts to debunk the profitability ever done by an independent many misrepresentations that are told to research firm. Questions about the viability thousands of prospects every day. and profitability of MLM as a business model Failure and loss rates for MLMs are not and its many company manifestations are comparable with legitimate small answered in this and prior chapters – based businesses, which have been found to be on 15 years’ research, worldwide feedback, profitable for 39% over the lifetime of the and analysis of the compensation plans of business; whereas less than 1% of MLM over 350 of the leading MLMs, as well as participants profit. MLM makes even average earnings data, where available. The gambling look like a safe bet in comparison. answers are not pretty. MLM stocks are questionable Our studies, along with those done by investments at best. And like gambling, other independent analysts (not connected to losses from MLM participation should not be the MLM industry), clearly prove that MLM as a allowed as a tax deduction – beyond the business model – with its endless chain of amount of actual income. -
Utah Safety Council 2014 Annual Report
Utah Safety Council 2014 Annual Report UTAHSAFETYCOUNCIL.ORG LOCAL CHAPTER I want to thank our members, customers, and our staff for supporting the Utah Safety Council and making us the leader in providing safety training for the State of Utah. As we look back on 2014, there are many highlights that are a result of our focus on our customers and broadening our presence in the community. With the support of our Board of Directors, we added a full time Membership Manager to support our current membership, enhance benefits, and look for opportunities to provide our safety resources to more companies. Our traffic safety programs were recognized by the National Safety Council and we experienced an increase in the number of online completions as the online class OF CONTENTS TABLE is now accepted by the Utah Driver License Division for point reduction. The Alive at 25 program experienced growth as it is the best driver education for young drivers. The addition of a new staff member to coordinate the registration process has had a positive impact on our program and allowed our staff to focus more time on their individual programs. Our emergency care programs are an essential part of every company’s plan to keep their employees MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT FROM MESSAGE safe. Throughout the year, we trained new first aid instructors, provided first aid classes in our training center and on-site for our members, and we continue to focus on the importance of having an AED in the workplace. In 2014, our occupational safety training programs saw the largest growth. -
Health & Wellness Report Q3 2017
1400 16% 14% 1200 14% 1,097 12% 1000 10% 800 7% 8% ($mm) 600 6% 487 6% 415 400 3% 4% 200 2% 34 0 0% Cognitive Cardiovascular Eye Health Digestive Health Health Health Size Expected CAGR 8 6 7 Financial 6 18% 4 4 2 3 - 1 1 - Strategic 82% Amount TEV/ TEV/ Date Target Buyer(s) Segment ($ in Mil) Rev EBITDA 9/29/2017 Koios LLC Super Nova Petroleum Corp. Vitamins, Minerals, & $3.00 - - Supplements 9/27/2017 Bird & Cronin, Inc. Dynatronics Corp. Personal Care $15.50 - - 9/21/2017 iGalen International, Inc. Holista CollTech Ltd. Vitamins, Minerals, & $0.00 - - Supplements 9/5/2017 Therapeutic Research Center LLC Levine Leichtman Capital Partners, Lifestyle Companies $172.00 - - Inc.; Therapeutic Research Center LLC 8/20/2017 Back To Nature Foods Co. LLC B&G Foods North America, Inc. Natural & Organic Foods $162.50 - - 8/14/2017 Williamson-Dickie Mfg. Co. VF Corp. Lifestyle Companies $820.00 0.94x - 8/1/2017 Novel Ingredient Services LLC Innophos Holdings, Inc. Natural & Organic Foods $125.00 - - 7/26/2017 ZEN HERO, Inc. Michael James Enterprises, Inc. Natural & Organic Foods $0.85 - - 7/14/2017 Lucille Roberts Health Clubs, Inc. Town Sports International Holdings, Lifestyle Companies $0.95 - - Inc. Strategic Buyer Inv. Date Select Corporate Acquisitions Brunswick Corporation 7/20/2017 ▪ Lankhorst Taselaar BV 11/18/2016 ▪ Payne's Marine Supply, Inc. 8/31/2016 ▪ Indoor Cycling Group 7/5/2016 ▪ Thunder Jet Boats Inc. 1/20/2016 ▪ Cybex International Inc. Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals 6/19/2017 ▪ Top Secret Nutrition LLC 10/5/2016 ▪ Tribravus Enterprises 10/5/2016 ▪ Prime Nutrition 4/28/2016 ▪ Gaspari Nutrition Inc. -
Companies-Titles of Registrants
Direct Selling Companies Registered for the 2009 Communications & Internet Marketing Seminar As of 10/19/2009 4Life Research, LC LifeWave, LLC 5LINX Enterprises, Inc. Livinity, Inc. ACN, Inc. Mannatech, Inc. Aerus LLC (formerly Electrolux LLC) Nature's Sunshine Products, Inc. Aloette Cosmetics Nu Skin Enterprises Amazon Herb Company Oxyfresh.com Amway The Pampered Chef Arbonne International PartyLite Gifts, Inc. Avon Products, Inc. Premier Designs, Inc. Celebrating Home Princess House, Inc. Conklin Company, Inc. Regal Ware, Inc. Cookie Lee, Inc. Reliv International, Inc. Creative Memories Rena Ware International, Inc. CUTCO/Vector Marketing Corporation Saladmaster, Inc. (Regal Ware, Inc.) Demarle At Home, Inc. Scentsy, Inc. Discovery Toys, Inc. Sensaria Natural Bodycare, Inc. Dove Chocolate Discoveries Shaklee Corporation Earth's Elements Signature HomeStyles Entertaining at Home Silpada Designs Essential Bodywear Simplexity Health For Every Home The Southwestern Company Fortune Hi Tech Marketing Sozo Global, LLC FreeLife International Stampin' Up! FreedomRocks Sunrider International Gold Canyon SwissJust Herbalife International of America, Inc. Symmetry Corporation HomeTec Syntec, Inc. Isagenix International Take Shape for Life, Inc.-Medifast Jafra Cosmetics International, Inc. Team National Kangevity Global Thrivent Financial at Home The Kirby Company Touchstone Crystal, Inc. L'Bel Paris USANA Health Sciences, Inc. L'Bri Pure N' Natural Vantel Pearls in the Oyster Lia Sophia XanGo LLC Who’s Attending? Following is a sampling of the titles of direct selling executives registered for the meeting. Brand Manager Policy Compliance Supervisor CEO PR Strategist Chief Marketing Officer President Communications Coordinator Representative Services Communications Spanish Specialist Sales Support Specialist Copywriter Senior Corporate Communications Manager Creative Director Senior Manager of Design Direction Director of Public Relations/Social Media Senior Sales Support Specialist Director of Sales & Marketing Senior Writer Director, Information Systems Sr. -
Network Marketing Central, 9 Feb
www.GerriSonger.com Marketing Networks 1 Top 50 MLM Companies by Global Revenue Avon Products (avon.com) Beauty, fashion Menard Japan Cosmetics (menard- jewelry, apparel - $11.3B cosmetic.com) skin care, makeup, body care Amway (amway.com) primarily in the health, fragrances - $434M beauty, and home care markets - $10.9B Cosway Corp. Ltd. (cosway.com.my) Herbalife (herbalife.com) develops, markets and supplements, skin care, personal care, sells nutrition supplements, weight management, cosmetics, household products, car care, food sports nutrition and personal-care product - and beverage, clothing - $433M $3.5B DXN Holdings Berhad (dxn2n.com) food and Natura Cosmeticos (natura.net) Cosmetics and beverage, home décor, kitchenware, home care personal care - $3.0B - $420M Vorwerk & Co. (vorwerk.com) Cosmetics, For Days Co. (fordaysusa.com) cosmetics, food household appliances, home care - $3.0B and beverage, wellness - $400M Mary Kay (marykay.com) cosmetics products - KK ASSURAN skin care - $370M $2.0B Better Way Co. (mistine.co.th) cosmetics - Tupperware Brands Corp. (tupperware.com) $370M storage and serving products, beauty, personal Nature's Sunshine Products care - $2.6B (naturesunshine.com) herbal supplements, Oriflame Cosmetics (oriflame.com) hair, skin vitamins, minerals and nutritional supplements - and personal care, color cosmetics, fragrances $368M $2.1B WIV Wein International (wiv-ag.com) wines Nu Skin Enterprises (nuskin.com) develops and $365M sells personal care products and dietary *Arbonne International, LLC (arbonne.com) supplements - $1.7B skincare, bath & body, hair, sun, makeup, and Belcorp (belcorp.biz) cosmetics and personal nutrition products - $353M care - $1.6B Southwestern/Great American, Inc. Primerica Financial Services (primerica) (southwestern.com) family-oriented educational insurance and financial services company - reference books and software - $353M $1.1B Neways (neways.com) personal care products, Ignite Inc. -
Business Name D/B/A Name #1A LIFESAFER of COLORADO LLC
Business Name D/B/A Name #1A LIFESAFER OF COLORADO LLC 101 PARK AVENUE PARTNERS INC 1-800 CONTACTS INC 3 DAY BLINDS LLC 303 FURNITURE INC 303 TACTICAL LLC 303 TACTICAL 360 RAIL SERVICES LLC 3BB INC GREAT CLIPS 3D AUTOGLASS 3D STAINLESS LLC 3FORM LLC 3R Technology Solutions Inc 3SI SECURITY SYSTEMS INC 3T CULINARY INC THREE TOMATOES CATERING 4 FRONT ENGINEERED SOL INC 4283929 DELAWARE LLC ROCKY MTN PET CREMATION SERVICES 48FORTY SOLUTIONS LLC PALLET COMPANIES LLC 4imprint, Inc. 4LIFE RESEARCH CSA LLC 4LIFE RESEARCH USA LLC 50 IN 52 JOURNEY INC THE JOURNEY INSTITUTE 5071 INC 50-80 MASSAGE 5280 Contract Flooring 5280 HEATING COOLING & REFRIGERATION 5280 MAINTENANCE INC 5280 Stone Company, LLC 5280 Stone Company, LLC 5280 Telecom, LLC 5280 TOWING LLC 52Eighty Customs 5850 EAST 58TH AVENUE LLC 5850 EAST 58TH AVENUE LLC 6 ITALIAN WOLF SECURITY LLC 6171 LLC THE HIDEAWAY TAVERN 7-ELEVEN INC 7-ELEVEN STORE #38170 7-ELEVEN INC 7-ELEVEN STORE 37570 7-ELEVEN INC / JC INC 35828A 7-ELEVEN STORE 35828A 7-ELEVEN INC 23829 7-ELEVEN STORE 23829 7-ELEVEN INC 23829B 7-ELEVEN STORE 23829B 7-ELEVEN INC 34087 7-ELEVEN STORE 34087 7-ELEVEN INC 35828 7-ELEVEN STORE 35828 7-ELEVEN INC 35864 7-ELEVEN STORE 35864 7-ELEVEN INC 36013 7-ELEVEN STORE 36013 7-ELEVEN INC 36013 7-ELEVEN STORE 36013 7-ELEVEN INC 36464 7-ELEVEN STORE 36464 7-ELEVEN INC 36775 7-ELEVEN STORE 36775 7-ELEVEN INC 37291 7-ELEVEN STORE 37291 7-ELEVEN STORE 34087A 7-ELEVEN INC / S&As STORE INC 34087A 7-ELEVEN STORE 36013A EMHT INC & 7-ELEVEN INC 800-FLOWERS INC 8X8 INC A & A QUALITY APPLIANCE A & B Engineering Services LLC A CUSTOM COACH A CUT ABOVE LANDSCAPE LLC A GOOD LIL TRANNY SHOP LLC A GOOD SHOP INC A HOLE IN THE WALL CONSTRUCTIO AHW CONSTRUCTION A MAN WITH A VAN INC A SIMPLEE GORGEOUS BOUTIQUE A TO Z RENTAL CENTER, INC. -
1 of 93 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 a B C D E F G First Name Last Name City State Zip Country Willie Gobabis Omahe Ke 9000 NAMIBIA Z
A B C D E F G 1 First Name Last Name City State Zip Country Petition Comment Willie Gobabis Omahe 9000 NAMIBIA 2 ke zohaib jhelum 49600 PAKISTAN truth of mlm companies 3 4 Armando AZ 85257 USA 5 Yesenia CA 90063 USA Jayasankar Chennai Tamil 600034 INDIA Dear President, I am from India. Kindly ban the MLM companies nadu like AMWAY which is making false claim and cheating people of India.We people of India see you as a Different from other President's who ruled US> we see you next to Abraham Linkcon,JFK. we all hope that you will bring a Amendentment in the Senete to BAN MLM COMPANY AMWAY. 6 LONNIE & LACOMBE ALBER T4L 2N5 CANADA MERLO TA 7 SULZLE Londell & Jodie LACOMBE ALBER T4L 1P4 CANADA Sulzle TA 8 Petitions for Regulation of Multi-Level Marketing – PUBLIC 1 of 93 Gathered on http://www.pyramidschemealert.org A B C D E F G Dahya Des Plaines IL 60018 USA Government must take strong actions against all the pyramid and so called MLM schemes.common people fall for ir as they are pitched well and are very deceptive.For people awareness past records and investigations should be made to run again on TV and other medias. have been financially hurt by Amway/Quixtar,and finally left it.FTc especially should investigate the support systems so called motivational organisations associated with the Amway like BWW,LTD,WWDB,network21 and so on..who litterly sucks money out of the members by selling cds,videos,meetings,books and whatever they can.I humbly asks a Congressional Investigation of the FTC and SEC regarding enforcement of laws against Pyramid Selling Schemes, Multi-level Marketing Scams, Ponzi Investment Frauds, Bogus "Motivational organisations" and "Work from Home" Schemes. -
A Study on Direct Selling Through Multi Level Marketing
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 1, Issue 4, September-2012 1 ISSN 2278-7763 A Study On Direct Selling Through Multi Level Marketing F. MARY MERLIN Department of Management Studies, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Direct selling is a multi-level marketing in which the sales force is compensated not only for the sales they make but also for the sales done through their recruit. This recruited sales force is referred to as the participants who can provide multiple levels of compensation. A person's job would be to recruit others to sell their product, and in return, receive a percentage of their sales. The next person's job then is to recruit people even more so below them, and receive a percentage of their sales. Other terms for Multi-level marketing include network marketing and referral marketing. Commonly, the salespeople are expected to sell products directly to consumers by means of relationship through referrals marketing. Some people use direct selling as a synonym for MLM, although MLM is only one type of direct selling Keywords : Multi-Level Marketing, Direct Selling, Traditional Marketing. 1 INTRODUCTION evolution of direct selling. According to Biggart, direct selling has grown to become a major form of commercial activity in Direct selling is marketing and transaction of consumer goods the US, despite encountering opposition from other sectors of directly to the consumer; it does not depend on direct mail, the business community during various stages in its product advertising or fixed retail outlets. Self-governing sales development. -
5M1b Ltr to FTC Re MLM Income and Health Claims FINAL
June 30, 2021 VIA EMAIL Samuel Levine Acting Director, Bureau of Consumer Protection Federal Trade Commission 600 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W. Washington, D.C. 20580 [email protected] Dear Mr. Levine: For far too long multilevel marketing (MLM) companies have used deceptive marketing to promote the business opportunity and sell their wares.1 In fact, the problem is so longstanding and pervasive that the MLM industry’s self-regulatory body, the Direct Selling Self-Regulatory Council (DSSRC), stated just last month that: Though the industry has made significant strides to curtail the dissemination of unsupported claims regarding income potential …, there is still a great deal of work ahead of us to assure that the product and earnings claims communicated to consumers and potential salesforce members are truthful and accurate.2 Moreover, industry trade group, the Direct Selling Association (DSA), published an article in its January 2021 journal that stated, “[d]irect sellers will never be able to wholly prevent distributors from making improper claims.”3 Such pessimism is cause for concern as improper health and income claims not only deceive consumers but also lead to social, emotional, and physical harms, and financial hardship.4 Given this backdrop, TINA.org urges the Commission to implement a penalty offense program targeting the direct selling industry and its market-wide practice of utilizing deceptive earnings representations and false health claims.5 For more than 40 years, the FTC has consistently pursued individual MLM companies making -
The Pyramid Scheme Industry
THE PYRAMID SCHEME INDUSTRY: Examining Some Legal and Economic Aspects of Multi-Level Marketing Douglas M. Brooks Robert L. Fitzpatrick Bruce Craig The announcement on March 12, 2014, that Herbalife Ltd. (NYSE: HLF) had received a Civil Investigative Demand from the Federal Trade Commission caps a twenty-two month period during which persistent questions have been raised concerning the purported business opportunity known as multi-level marketing (MLM). While much of the financial media has recently been focused on the Herbalife story, the problems with MLM are not new, and they are not limited to Herbalife. As we explain in this paper, there are fundamental problems at the core of the MLM business model, and with the efforts of the FTC to regulate the MLM “industry.” The authors of this paper are all members of an international coalition of consumer advocates which, on October 24, 2013, filed a formal petition with the FTC requesting that it investigate the MLM industry and promulgate regulations to protect consumers from unfair and deceptive MLM business opportunities.1 This paper is intended to build on the Petition and to assist legislators, regulators and interested persons to understand the MLM industry and the need for further action. Why all the fuss over MLM? Why are Wall Street billionaires fighting very public battles over MLM? Is MLM merely a form of direct, person-to-person selling in which independent distributors can earn money both by selling products directly to consumers or by 1 See http://pyramidschemealert.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Petition-of-Ad-Hoc- -
November All Business List DBA Name Address Line 1 City State Zip
November All Business List DBA Name Address Line 1 City State Zip Code A LAKE COMPANY 2300 LAKE AVE PUEBLO CO 81004 #1 A LIFESAFER OF COLORADO, INC 810 S PORTLAND AVE PUEBLO CO 81001 **SAND HILL CONSTRUCTION LLC 2119 COURT ST PUEBLO CO 81003 1 800 WATER DAMAGE 3100 GRANADA BLVD PUEBLO CO 81005 1 SHAMROCK'S FINEST LANDSCAPES 1830 JERRY MURPHY RD PUEBLO CO 81001 1 STORY LLC 16359 260TH ST GRUNDY CENTER IA 50638 1-800 CONTACTS INC 66 E WARDSWORTH PARK DR DRAPER UT 84020 1-DERFUL ROOFING & RESTORATION 9858 W GIRTON DR LAKEWOOD CO 80227 10 TIGERS KUNG FU 121 BROADWAY AVE PUEBLO CO 81004 13TH STREET BARBER SHOP 1205 N ELIZABETH PUEBLO CO 81003 1A SMART START INC 4850 PLAZA DR IRVING TX 75063 1ST ALERT LLC 1704 SANTA FE DR PUEBLO CO 81006 1ST CONGREGATIONAL UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST 228 W EVANS PUEBLO CO 81004 2014 WILD WILD WEST FESTIVAL 130 CENTRAL MAIN ST PUEBLO CO 81003 21ST CENTURY BUILDERS 2401 W 11TH ST PUEBLO CO 81003 29TH ST. DETAIL 1803 W 29TH ST PUEBLO CO 81008 3 MARGARITAS 3620 N FREEWAY PUEBLO CO 81008 3 T SYSTEMS 5990 GREENWOOD PLAZA BLVD, SUITE 350 GREENWOOD VILLAGE CO 80111 3308 INC 2275 DOWNEND ST COLORADO SPRINGS CO 80910 3D SLP LLC 421 N MAIN ST PUEBLO CO 81003 3D SYSTEMS INC 333 THREE D SYSTEMS CIRCLE ROCKHILL SC 29730 3DMEDSCAN LLC 301 N MAIN ST, STE 301 PUEBLO CO 81003 3FORM, LLC 2300 S 2300 W SALT LAKE CITY UT 84119 3M COMPANY 3M CENTER ST PAUL MN 55144 3SI SECURITY SYSTEMS INC 486 THOMAS JONES WAY STE 290 EXTON PA 19341 4 RIVERS EQUIPMENT LLC 685 E ENTERPRISE DR PUEBLO WEST CO 81007 4FRONT ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS 1612 HUTTON