A Deleuzian Reading of EU's Enlargement

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Deleuzian Reading of EU's Enlargement Deterritorialization and Europeanization: a Deleuzian Reading of EU’s Enlargement Paper prepared for the 2nd annual ICPP conference, Milan Friday, July 3rd, “International relations meeting Critical Policy Studies” By Marie-Eve BELANGER PhD [email protected] Visiting researcher GSI – Université de Genève Visiting Fellow – ETH Zurich DRAFT, 1st version Comments and suggestions welcomed 1 Introduction Despite appearances, territorial enlargement of the European Union is not circumstantial. Widening is not merely the result of the socialisation of elites, nor is it only the outcome of a successful political strategy: expansion is the geographical motion of generating the postwar European political space. For the European community, enlargement is neither optional nor conditional; it’s a necessity. Embedded in the European discursive system, the concept of territorial inclusion can be traced back to the Schuman declaration. This discourse constructs the community as “an organisation open to the participation of the other countries of Europe” (Schuman, 1950). In the contemporary international system, the European order stands out, for it is shaping a political space beyond the paradigm of borders. The Schuman declaration represents the point of bifurcation – the singularity – from which the political community can peacefully expand beyond its borders; something unthinkable until then. In this narrative, the expansion is the celebration of the emancipation of politics from its dependence towards borders. Over and over again. This is what Gilles Deleuze refers to as a repetition: not adding “a second and a third time to the first”, but carrying “the first time to the ’nth’ power” (DR, 81). In this contribution, a critical analysis of the phenomenon of European territorial expansion will be performed through a deleuzian reading of the enlargement. This will be done in two separate and complementary parts. First, the Schuman declaration will be analysed as a rupture point, a singularity. The declaration is the moment of the deterritorialization of politics: by providing grounds for the obsolescence of borders, it liberates the European political space from its dialectical relation to a geographical limit. Simultaneously, the Schuman declaration reterritorializes this political space within the discursive structure of Europeanity. The Schuman declaration will thus be studied as the singularity territorializing the European political space, ordering it within the discourse. Second, the enlargement will be defined as the repetition of this Europeanity discourse as constructed within the Schuman declaration. Here, the enlargement is understood as the celebration of the 1 Note on titles abbreviations : DR: Différence et Répétition; MP: Mille Plateaux, AO: Anti-Œdipe. 2 Schuman declaration, that is to say, the rupture with the state order. The enlargement is understood as the repetition of the singularity of border transgression, the actualization of what Hannah Arendt calls a “miracle2”. The repetition of this movement creates an excess: an increasingly broadened and deepened European political space performed by a growing number of European political actors, in other words, the European Union. In the end, this means that the EU is not reducible neither to an unfinished political project nor a distorted state; its autonomous form must be recognized in order to be theorized. How it all began This Europe is set in motion by a promise made at the end of the Second World War. “Never again!” pledged the leaders of national failing institutions across Europe. Origin of the Europeanity discourse and symbol of the European will to restore peace on the continent, the “never again” vow holds a rather puzzling ellipsis: it is missing an object. This absence illustrates the emptiness of the political space in the postwar period. “Never again that”, four (unsaid) letters to hold absolutely everything unspeakable about the Second World War; that, the largest black hole ever invented in language, the end of the vocabulary, the smallest, the most indefinite of all signs to summarize the whole extent of a nameless horror, worse than war, worse than suffering, worse than death. That: something we dodged, something to prevent at any price. “World peace cannot be safeguarded without the making of creative efforts proportionate to the dangers which threaten it”, (Schuman, 1950, §1). That: a threat to Europe, a point beyond which there is no words. And if the discursive construction of the common, the surplus of meaning created by the intersubjective process where actors act and speak together in a common political space, then that represents the edge of this shared space. And precisely, one of the main characteristics of the Second World War is its complete negation of otherness: that is the place where neither common nor political space can exist, and where a systematic destruction of the other, the self, and the 2 The advent of the new, the unique, the different. “…each man is unique and with each birth, something uniquely new reaches the world” (Arendt, 1983, 234) 3 language occurs. Thus, that, the unspeakable, is the only excess generated by the Holocaust, and its only possible name. “Never again” then, no more war. In the interstates’ system, war between states is more often than not linked to border transgressions3. War is incumbent to the state structure itself. In the Westphalian order a state’s first act is to “draw borders” (Schmitt, 1950) to create an exclusion nexus that clearly divides land and beings. The nation-state is the product of the desire to converge formal state building with a national “living space” (Ratzel, 1988). The idea of finding the Lebensraum borders – as if they objectively existed – is indeed a strong motivation at the heart of the Second World War. It lead to the violent conquest of territories considered as necessary to national construction; war’s end marked the sudden halting of the nation’s spatial expansion. Altogether, a nationalist narrative started to fade: “the European never again fits into a supranational construction of normative acts based on universal principles (...) on a continent that resolutely turned the page on “national destiny” (Pinto, 2010, 145). “Never again” encompasses the possibility of a common world beyond and in spite of the state; the Schuman declaration designs it. The Schuman declaration as a singularity Deleuze imagined the concept of singularity as central to the process of individuation, by opposition to that of representation (DR, 228). If representation is the static mediation system by which the world is accessed, singularity unveils the flow, the movement creating the infinite possibilities of alternate becomings. To the fixed account of dichotomies organising the world into a stable number of antagonistic categories, singularity opposes the potential of a fortuitous combination to deviate and create a new course of things. Singularities are immanent: their materialization is contingent on intersectionality between flow-production within the system. The movement instilled by the transformation of a singularity into a production machine is the coding of a new flow, from then on intertwined with other flows creating and organising this system. All singularities are possible at any given time, and they all remain possible through time. The storyline of an event is not straight, it constantly bifurcates on singularities, creating a specific path through the maze of becomings. 3 In the XXe century: First and Second World War 4 Neither circular nor linear, the spacio-temporality of events is constructed towards the future; it is the action of becoming, in this case a “becoming-European4” (see Mille Plateaux, 284 and following). The Schuman declaration is a singularity insofar as it gives rise to the European machine. Machines are coding flow, that is to say, producing meaning (AO, 166). In this particular instance, the European machine produces the Europeanity discourse, creating the European community by way of recoding the common. Europeanity discourse is the flow encoding the common as a denationalized form of collective political identification. This discourse’s possibility arouses at the end of the Second World War, when legitimacy of the state and its ability to regulate the collectivity failed to reproduce. In the aftermath of a war characterized by massive shock between nationalist agendas, the recoding of the common provided the necessary political space for social flow to be reinstated. To create this community, the rise of actors able to implement a political project, that is to say, to reactivate the possibility to share a common political narrative, was absolutely necessary on a literally speechless European continent. And if this political project could no longer be achieved through state mediation, it is not because the state was failing or losing its legitimacy, although both were in progress; it was actually a physical impossibility. State reification became temporarily unenforceable because the use of state-related vocabulary was momentarily prohibited in the public space. This does not mean that people were forbidden to use words like “state”, “country”, “nation” and “flag” on the European territory. Simply, that these words carried less and less potential for excess creation: their flows were fading. Little by little, state-centered terms gave way to signs that, shared across a new European intersubjective space, were gaining significance, generating a new
Recommended publications
  • Becoming-Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Political Nature of Thought Vernon W
    Philosophy Faculty Publications Philosophy 4-2014 Becoming-Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Political Nature of Thought Vernon W. Cisney Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/philfac Part of the Philosophy of Mind Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Cisney, Vernon W. "Becoming-Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Nature of Thought." Foucault Studies 17 Special Issue: Foucault and Deleuze (April 2014). This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/philfac/37 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Becoming-Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Political Nature of Thought Abstract In this paper I employ the notion of the ‘thought of the outside’ as developed by Michel Foucault, in order to defend the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze against the criticisms of ‘elitism,’ ‘aristocratism,’ and ‘political indifference’—famously leveled by Alain Badiou and Peter Hallward. First, I argue that their charges of a theophanic conception of Being, which ground the broader political claims, derive from a misunderstanding of Deleuze’s notion of univocity, as well as a failure to recognize the significance of the concept of multiplicity in Deleuze’s thinking. From here, I go on to discuss Deleuze’s articulation of the ‘dogmatic image of thought,’ which, insofar as it takes ‘recognition’ as its model, can only ever think what is already solidified and sedimented as true, in light of existing structures and institutions of power.
    [Show full text]
  • The Being of Analogy Noah Roderick Noah Roderick the Being of Analogy
    Noah Roderick The Being of Analogy Noah Roderick Noah Roderick The Being of Analogy The Being of Modern physics replaced the dualism of matter and form with a new distinction between matter and force. In this way form was marginalized, and with it the related notion of the object. Noah Roderick’s book is a refreshing effort to reverse the consequences of this now banal mainstream materialism. Ranging from physics through literature to linguistics, spanning philosophy from East to West, and weaving it all together in remarkably lucid prose, Roderick intro- duces a new concept of analogy that sheds unfamiliar light on such thinkers as Marx, Deleuze, Goodman, Sellars, and Foucault. More than a literary device, analogy teaches us something about being itself. OPEN HUMANITIES PRESS Cover design by Katherine Gillieson · Illustration by Tammy Lu The Being of Analogy New Metaphysics Series Editors: Graham Harman and Bruno Latour The world is due for a resurgence of original speculative metaphysics. The New Metaphys- ics series aims to provide a safe house for such thinking amidst the demoralizing caution and prudence of professional academic philosophy. We do not aim to bridge the analytic- continental divide, since we are equally impatient with nail-filing analytic critique and the continental reverence for dusty textual monuments. We favor instead the spirit of the intel- lectual gambler, and wish to discover and promote authors who meet this description. Like an emergent recording company, what we seek are traces of a new metaphysical ‘sound’ from any nation of the world. The editors are open to translations of neglected metaphysical classics, and will consider secondary works of especial force and daring.
    [Show full text]
  • Watching Avatar Through Deleuzian 3D, Desire, Deterritorialization, And
    West Chester University Digital Commons @ West Chester University Philosophy College of Arts & Humanities 9-2011 Watching Avatar through Deleuzian 3D, Desire, Deterritorialization, and Doubling: A Postcolonial Eco-Theological Review Jea Sophia Oh West Chester University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/phil_facpub Recommended Citation Oh, J. S. (2011). Watching Avatar through Deleuzian 3D, Desire, Deterritorialization, and Doubling: A Postcolonial Eco-Theological Review. The Journal of Postcolonial Networks, 1(1), 1-27. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/phil_facpub/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Humanities at Digital Commons @ West Chester University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ West Chester University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 of 27 Watching Avatar through Deleuzian 3D, Desire, Deterritorialization, and Doubling: A Postcolonial Eco-Theological Review Jea Sophia Oh [email protected] By employing Deleuzian conceptualizations of “desire,” “deterritorialization,” and “doubling,”1 this study examines Avatar (James Cameron’s 2009 film) as a hybridity of becoming the Other. I will sketch the contours of an oppositional politics within the figure of Empire (or the American capitalist empire which is almost always transcendental). The binary structure of the movie oscillates between two utterly opposing modalities (deploying high-tech military force against eco-friendly indigenous culture, weapons against trees, killing to healing, earth to space, human to nonhuman-nature, white skin against blue skin, etc.) This dualistic tension seems to create a Neo-Platonic Augustinian confrontation between Good and Evil.
    [Show full text]
  • The Control, Resistance, and Evolution of Digital Artifacts: a Materialist Study of Internet Culture
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Chris Villemarette for the degree of Master of Arts in English presented on September 13, 2006. Title: The Control, Resistance, and Evolution of Digital Artifacts: A Materialist Study of Internet Culture Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Jon Lewis My goal is to demonstrate that a coevolutionary relationship exists between decentralized networks over which digital media are used and the control mechanisms placed on those networks and digital media. The resisting digital media and the control mechanisms placed on them push each other toward further decentralization. The aspects of a network that are externally controlled tend to decentralize to evade capture, and the control mechanisms tend to also use decentralized strategies so that they may better control decentralized networks. Using the interdisciplinary terminology of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, and other critical theorists, I investigate the movements of files oncomputer networks. By analyzing examples of digital artifacts that were distributed in a decentralized way in response to pressure placed on them by intellectual property enforcing institutions, I show that digital artifacts can respond to selection pressures in a way similar to evolution. I also examine the decentralized control strategies that attempt to regulate the spread of digital artifacts that contain elements that have been marked as intellectual property. I conclude that control and resistance do push each other toward decentralization. The Control, Resistance, and Evolution of Digital Artifacts: A Materialist Study of Internet Culture by Chris Villemarette A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Presented September 13, 2006 Commencement June 2007 Master of Arts thesis of Chris Villemarette presented on September 13, 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTICLE Becoming-Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Political Nature Of
    Vernon W. Cisney 2014 ISSN: 1832‐5203 Foucault Studies, No. 17, pp. 36‐59, April 2014 ARTICLE Becoming‐Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Political Nature of Thought Vernon W. Cisney, Visiting Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Gettysburg College ABSTRACT: In this paper I employ the notion of the ‘thought of the outside’ as developed by Michel Foucault, in order to defend the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze against the criticisms of ‘elitism,’ ‘aristocratism,’ and ‘political indifference’—famously leveled by Alain Badiou and Peter Hallward. First, I argue that their charges of a theophanic conception of Being, which ground the broader political claims, derive from a misunderstanding of Deleuze’s notion of univocity, as well as a failure to recognize the significance of the concept of multiplicity in Deleuze’s thinking. From here, I go on to discuss Deleuze’s articulation of the ‘dogmatic im‐ age of thought,’ which, insofar as it takes ‘recognition’ as its model, can only ever think what is already solidified and sedimented as true, in light of existing structures and institutions of power. Then, I examine Deleuze’s reading of Foucault and the notion of the ‘thought of the outside,’ showing the ‘outside’ as the unthought that lies at the heart of thinking itself, as both its condition and its impossibility. Insofar as it is essential to thinking itself, finally, I argue that the passage of thought to the outside is not an absolute flight out of this world, as Hallward claims, but rather, a return of the different that constitutes the Self for Deleuze. Thinking is an ongoing movement of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, or as Foucault says, death and life.
    [Show full text]
  • Transgender People's Deterritorialization In
    manusya 23 (2020) 116-126 brill.com/mnya Transgender People’s Deterritorialization in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness and Trace Peterson’s “After Before and After” Tanrada Lertlaksanaporn (ธัญรดา เลิศลักษณาพร) MA (English), Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand [email protected] Abstract Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness and Trace Peterson’s “After Before and After” have been studied in several aspects related to transgender issues. The pre- sentation of transgender people, especially the transgender protagonist in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, has been criticized as a formulaic depiction with little portrayal of their struggles and triumphs. At the same time, the transgender protagonist is viewed positively as an integral force in the novel. The poem “After Before and After” has been praised for its creative portrayal of transgender people. A study of transgen- der issues in relation to desire and connection helps to show that both texts offer more possibilities of liberation towards the state of “becoming.” This study applies Gilles De- leuze and Félix Guattari’s theory of schizoanalysis to explore transgender people’s lines of flight, rhizomatic movements and transversal connections towards the state of de- territorialization in India and the US. Keywords transgender – post structuralism – becoming – deterritorialization © Tanrada Lertlaksanaporn, 2020 | doi:10.1163/26659077-02301006 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
    [Show full text]
  • Gilles Deleuze and the Apolitical Production of Being
    Gilles Deleuze And the Apolitical Production of Being by Tim Paugh B.A., St. Francis Xavier University, 2005 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Political Science © Tim Paugh, 2008 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Gilles Deleuze and the Apolitical Production of Being By Tim Paugh, B.A., St. Francis Xavier University, 2005 Supervisory Committee Warren Magnusson (Department of Political Science) Supervisor Rob Walker (Department of Political Science) Departmental Member Luke Carson (Department of English) Outside Member iii Supervisory Committee Warren Magnusson (Department of Political Science) Supervisor Rob Walker (Department of Political Science) Departmental Member Luke Carson (Department of English) Outside Member Abstract Gilles Deleuze’s ontology is often understood to ground a kind of radical pluralism, the political defense of which is thought to be articulated most strongly in the Capitalism and Schizophrenia books. It is clear, however, that this “politics” is defined in a wholly negative way, and that the revolutionary dimension of these books is animated by a strictly ethical logic. In my view, if there is a politics in Deleuze it must be understood in relation to the central problem of his ontology: namely, the problem of understanding how being is produced. To grasp politics as a singularity, as a mode of ontological production, has a number of radical consequences – consequences, however, that Deleuze himself did not embrace. Ultimately, Deleuze’s conception of ontological production appears marked by an apolitics, in that any effective mobilization Being’s transformative potential requires that we stand posed to sacrifice anything of the integrity and organizational capacity of political existence that limits the expression of Being itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Territorialisation As
    Towards a Deleuzoguattarian methodology for urban design Abstract The philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari (Deleuzoguattarian) is now widely thought to be apropos for today’s world. This paper proposes Deleuzoguattarian philosophy as a new methodology for urban design research and practice. First, existing methodologies in the field of urban design are examined and their strengths and limitations outlined in relation to current urban problems. A reading of Deleuzoguattarian philosophy from an urban design perspective is then provided in order to propose a new methodology for research and practice. This reading mainly concentrates on the ontology and epistemology offered by the philosophy, aspects that have been neglected in the literature. The concept of territorialization as a complementary concept to assemblage theory is highlighted in order to illustrate the characteristics of the ontology and epistemology. Finally, normative goals are discussed. It is concluded that Deleuzoguattarian philosophy is not only an ethical response to modernism but is an epistemological need. Key words: Urban design, Methodology, Deleuze, Guattari, Epistemology, Ontology, Normative goals Page | 1 Introduction: This paper shows the possibility for a new urban design methodology inspired by the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari or Deleuzoguattarian philosophy, as Purcell (2013) prefers. The key characteristic of this philosophy, as described in more detail below, is a move away from essentialism in acknowledgment of the constantly changing nature of all entities. In so doing, it critically employs three intellectual traditions namely Marxist political economy, Freudian psychoanalysis and poststructuralism (Colebrook, 2002; Buchanan, 2008). Deleuzoguattarian philosophy has already informed urban studies to some extent, often through borrowing specific concepts, such as Assemblage theory, and applying them to the existing processes of research and practice.
    [Show full text]
  • A THOUSAND PLATEAUS Capitalism and Schizophrenia
    A THOUSAND PLATEAUS Capitalism and Schizophrenia Gilles Deleuze Felix Guattari Translation and Foreword by Brian Massumi University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis London The University of Minnesota Press gratefully acknowledges translation assistance provided for this book by the French Ministry of Culture and by the National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency. Copyright © 1987 by the University of Minnesota Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290, Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Eleventh printing 2005 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Deleuze, Gilles. [Mille plateaux. English] A thousand plateaus: capitalism and schizophrenia/Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari; translation and foreword by Brian Massumi. p. cm. Translation of: Mille plateaux, v. 2 of Capitalisme et schizophrenic. A companion volume to Anti-Oedipus: capitalism and schizophrenia. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-8166-1401-6 ISBN 0-8166-1402-4 (pbk.) 1. Philosophy. I. Guattari, Felix. II. Title B77.D413 1987 194-dcl9 87-18623 Originally published as Mille Plateaux, volume 2 of Capitalisme et Schizophrenic © 1980 by Les Editions de Minuit, Paris. Photo of Sylvano Bussoti, Five Pieces for Piano for David Tudor, reproduced by permission of G. Ricordi, Milan, copyright © 1970 by G. Ricordi E.C. SPA; photo of Fernand Leger, Men in the Cities, 1919, copyright © 1987 by ARS, N.Y./SPADEM; photo of Paul Klee, Twittering Machine, 1922, reproduced by permission of The Museum of Modern Art, N.Y., copyright © 1987 by Cosmopress, Geneva.
    [Show full text]
  • In a Thousand Plateaus: Agency Without Subject
    Ethics to Politics in A Thousand Plateaus: Agency without Subject Title: Ethics to Politics in A Thousand Plateaus: Agency without Subject Abstract: In A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari offer a cosmology that denies an opposition between the one and the many. Their cosmology, which is ethical in nature and which appears to radically revise key Kantian paradigms, identifies being with the action of becoming, rather than with the intention of an autonomous will. While we find concepts of autonomy and agency within this cosmology, the modern connotations of those concepts have been altered. In this new context, agency and autonomy function without need of the modern concept of subject, especially insofar as that concept connotes negativity (or lack), both metaphysically and politically. Deleuze and Guattari offer an alternative to many tenets of Kantian moral philosophy and Aristotelian metaphysics, but in locating the possibility of a political model suited to Deleuze and Guattari’s cosmology, here I will suggest a conjunction of their rendering of existence with ethical, social, and political aspects of Aristotle’s and Kant’s philosophies. In short, Deleuze and Guattari’s apparently radical anti-Kantian cosmology—a cosmology also apparently anti-Aristotelian—turns out to be much less so upon close examination. 1 Ethics to Politics in A Thousand Plateaus: Agency without Subject Ethics to Politics in A Thousand Plateaus: Agency without Subject Although he is not the first to insist upon the necessity of agency for morality, the manner in which Immanuel Kant renders individual autonomy raises it to its modern metaphysical peak, which arguably necessitates a subject—the specific individual in whom an autonomous will inheres.
    [Show full text]
  • Schizoanalysis and Collaborative Critical
    Abstract For researchers working within a critique of capitalism and its relation to knowledge production, it is problematic to use traditional research methodologies endemic to the very system being critiqued unless they are somehow altered. This article investigates the potential of schizoanalysis to provide2 conceptual tools for such an approach. Developed through the collaborative work of Deleuze and Guattari, schizoanalysis operates from the organic principle that knowledge is an indivisible part of the way we live in the world. However, schizoanalysis is not a research methodology; it inserts itself into research methodologies, warps them, and reproduces itself through them. Key Words Deleuze & Guattari, horizontalist methodologies, militant research, relationality, schizoanalysis SCHIZOANALYSIS AND subject as the focus of study by an institutional researcher/ COLLABORATIVE CRITICAL RESEARCH observer and involve the perpetuation of evidence-based practices that demand replicable results. This observer/ observed divide is inscribed with hierarchy and the under- ERIKA BIDDLE standing of knowledge as something static to be acquired and possessed. This inheritance from traditional methodologies is fundamen- Introduction tally problematic for a horizontalist practice that emphasizes According to sociologist Michel Maffesoli, “the attempt to intra-subjective transformation (becoming-other) over rela- organize our systems from one defined point is futile”.[1] tions between subjects. This paper investigates the potential In the past two decades, in the health sciences and on of schizoanalysis to provide an alternative to traditional other institutional fronts, new forms of community-based research methodologies. Schizoanalysis was developed participatory research (CBPR) have emerged, calling for through the collaborative work of French ‘anti-psychiatrist’ partnerships between community members and researchers Félix Guattari and philosopher Gilles Deleuze.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Oedipus I SEMINAR at the UNIVERSITY of PARIS, VINCENNES-ST
    GILLES DELEUZE Anti-Oedipus I SEMINAR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS, VINCENNES-ST. DENIS, 1980 _____________________________________________________________________________________ LECTURE 1 16 NOVEMBER 1971 CODES, CAPITALISM, FLOWS, DECODING FLOWS, CAPITALISM AND SCHIZOPHRENIA, PSYCHOANALYSIS, SPINOZA TRANSCRIBED BY WEBDELEUZE TRANSLATED BY ROJAN JOSH What is it that moves over the body of a society? It is always flows, and a person is always a cutting off [coupure] of a flow. A person is always a point of departure for the production of a flow, a point of destination for the reception of a flow, a flow of any kind; or, better yet, an interception of many flows. If a person has hair, this hair can move through many stages: the hairstyle of a young girl is not the same as that of a married woman, it is not the same as that of a widow: there is a whole hairstyle code. A person, insofar as she styles her hair, typically presents herself as an interceptor in relation to flows of hair that exceed her and exceed her case and these flows of hair are themselves coded according to very different codes: widow code, young girl code, married woman code, etc. This is ultimately the essential problem of coding and of the territorialization which is always coding flows with it, as a fundamental means of operation: marking persons (because persons are situated at the interception and at the cutting off [coupure] of flows, they exist at the points where flows are cut off [coupure]). But, now, more than marking persons—marking persons is the apparent means of operation—coding has a deeper function, that is to say, a society is only afraid of one thing: the deluge; it is not afraid of the void, it is not afraid of dearth or scarcity.
    [Show full text]