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Civil Society and Environmental Governance in China Workshop Civil Society and Environmental Governance in China Civil Society and Environmental Governance in China Workshop Report: Forging alliances for environmental protection between NGOs in different regions and sectors “Forging alliances for environmental protection between NGOs in different regions and sectors” is one of the sub-projects of the Civil Society and Environmental Governance in China Project. To attract the attention of more Chinese NGOs, the China Association for NGO Cooperation (CANGO), the implementer of the sub-project, held a workshop from January 30th to 31st, 2007 in Beijing. 42 participants from NGOs, the media, and relevant government agencies attended the workshop. Through presentations and group discussions, the participants discussed the current situation of NGO cooperation for environmental protection, shared cases of NGO cooperation, and explored practical strategies for forging alliances and organizing collective actions for environmental protection between NGOs in different regions and sectors. 1. Problems and Challenges of NGO Cooperation for Environmental Protection During the group discussions the participants concluded that NGOs faced a number of external and internal challenges in their cooperation for environmental protection. 1.1 External challenges 1.1.1 The unequal distribution of benefits between NGO partners caused by the media’s selective reporting. Deng Yongzheng from DFID said: “NGOs rely heavily on the media when promoting good environmental governance, but the media always prefer to report on celebrities and famous organizations. When several NGOs implement one project together, maybe the well-known organizations don't contribute much to the project, but the media tend to mention them, while those who do most of the work are neglected. This will impair the relationship between the organizations, and of course will do harm to the cooperation.” 1 Civil Society and Environmental Governance in China 1.1.2 Lack of platforms for NGOs to share information, resources and techniques. Lin Xin from Friends of Green Environment in Jiangsu Province said: “Some organisations in Jiangsu and Beijing are doing similar work, but there are not enough opportunities for them to share experiences. Without information transparency, there will not be equal cooperation. We need to build networks to facilitate cooperation. Because of unequal access to information, organisations who have the information can participate in some projects, but those who don't learn about the projects may not have the opportunity to participate. ” 1.1.3 Inequity in resource allocation and unequal relationships between small grassroots NGOs and big, established organisations. Organisations in Beijing have many more opportunities to receive financial support, while grassroots NGOs in other places often lack information on available funding. 1.1.4 The preferences of donors have undue influence on the way NGOs choose the focus of their cooperation. Instead of choosing their areas of cooperation based on the needs of the target groups, NGOs make their decisions according to donor preferences. CANGO’s Li Jing said: “I believe it is important to design projects according to the needs of the target group. If we make their needs our starting point, then NGOs’ survival would be guaranteed.” 1.1.5 The development of NGOs is restricted by some government policies. Sometimes the government takes credit for NGOs’ work. Andreas Fulda from CANGO said: “I have had such experience and I feel it's really unfair. The Public should know that NGOs have done these nice things, not the government.” 1.2 Internal Challenges 1.2.1 The sustainable development of NGOs is restricted by their poor capacity. The capacity and human resources of participating NGOs are the foundation of NGO cooperation, but all NGOs are not on the same development level and many are lacking in their human resources. 2 Civil Society and Environmental Governance in China 1.2.2 Without any formal system, the cooperation relies on the personal ability of the organisation’s leader, which makes the cooperation more between the leaders than between the organisations. Ms. Li Jing said: “The management system of some NGOs still needs to be perfected. When the cooperation depends on the leaders, a personnel change may cause the cooperation to fall apart.” Mr. Andreas Fulda added: “The cooperation between NGOs is more likely built on the decisions of leaders than the decisions of the organisations.” As a result, lots of potential alliances remain in the primary stages of discussion rather than becoming operational. And, because of the lack of formal arrangements, some organisations only nominally cooperate with others without actually contributing to the projects. 1.2.3 Many NGOs don’t have clear specialties. Ms. Li Jing said: “Lots of NGOs work in the same field, and try to accomplish the same work in the same way. This increases the competition for resources and results in wasted resources. Well-established international NGOs such as Green Peace have identified their special field, but most domestic environmental NGOs have not been able to develop a speciality area, making it difficult for NGOs to choose partners organizations for cooperation.” 1.2.4 Mechanisms for fair distribution of benefits have not been established among NGOs. For example, Mr. Zhang Zhongmin from Hebei Green Alliances said: “In Hebei, lots of NGOs have made great contributions to environmental protection, but my organisation always receives more credit than other organisations. This is neither good for my organization, nor for me personally.” 1.2.5 At present, many environmental NGOs are struggling to survive. Very few are able to articulate a clear vision for their organisation. Ms. Huang Zhen from the Fuping Development Institute said: “If NGOs are not sure about their vision, they cannot demonstrate the advantages of their organisations. It is therefore difficult to develop cooperation. In NGO cooperation, you should be aware that there are some musts, and must-nots. The partners should be chosen carefully because NGOs tend to have different visions. To be qualified partners, organizations need to have shared visions and each organisation should meet each other's standard.” 3 Civil Society and Environmental Governance in China 1.2.6 Experience sharing across organisations may lead to the loss of competitive advantages. Ms. Li Jing remarked: “Lots of NGOs are not willing to share their experiences with others, because they find that resource mobilization depends much on information and experience. Once they share knowledge and experience with others, they lose their competitive advantage, which is not good for their own organisations.” 2. The opportunities and resources that can be used to accelerate NGO cooperation for environmental protection During the discussions, the participants came up with the following opportunities and resources that could help to accelerate NGOs cooperation for environmental protection: 2.1 Opportunities Ms. Ma Tianlan from Xiamen Green Cross summarized that the following opportunities for NGO cooperation currently existed: a) Donors would like to see these kinds of alliances being formed. b) With effective networks, more resource can be mobilized. At present, both the government and the private sector are promoting cross-sectoral cooperation. Therefore, NGOs currently operate in an environment in which cooperation is encouraged. c) The deterioration of the natural environment has drawn much attention from the media and government. Now that the government pays more attention to environmental issues and gradually recognizes that NGOs can play a positive role in environmental protection, there will be more space for NGO cooperation. d) Some big GONGOs (government-organized NGOs) who have plenty of resources are now willing to learn from the experience of grassroots NGOs and to work together with them. 4 Civil Society and Environmental Governance in China 2.2 Resources 2.2.1 NGOs show strong demand for more cooperation, more communication and more information. Mr. Zheng Qingbao from the All-China Environment Federation (ACEF) said: “We want to develop cooperation with grassroots environmental NGOs on specific projects. We hope grassroots NGOs can provide local environmental information, for example, information on pollution victims, to us.” 2.2.2 There have already been some good experience and successful cases of environmental NGOs cooperation, for example, the “26 Degree Air-conditioning Campaign.” NGOs can draw lessons and inspiration from these successful cases. 2.2.3 Different organisations have different resource advantages, such as access to information, experience, experts, contacts in the private sector and government, volunteers, media access, community resources and human resources, etc. At the workshop, participants discussed which resources their organisations could provide to a network of environmental NGOs. ACEF has a convenient communication channel, a strong team of experts, media partners, professional staff, as well as an environmental rights protection centre. Ms. Zhou Yanfang from the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) said: “NRDC has experience in environmental law, and can provide environmental law services for NGOs through the network.” CANGO can provide the contact information of some NGOs, including international NGOs, and to help domestic and international NGOs contact each other. CANGO can also provide other resources, such as information, newsletters,
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