Overview of Chemical Catalysis for Bioenergy Consortium

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DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) 2021 Project Peer Review Overview of the Chemical Catalysis for Bioenergy Consortium

March 9th, 2021 Catalytic Upgrading

Josh Schaidle Project Overview: ChemCatBio Mission

Mission: Accelerate the catalyst and process development cycle for bioenergy applications

Vision: A rapid transition to a circular carbon economy

Potential Future Impact of Catalysis In the chemicals industry alone, improvements in catalysts and related processes could save as much as 13 exajoules of energy and 1 gigatonne of

CO2-equivalent per year by 2050 versus a “business-as-usual” scenario.*

*International Energy Agency, Technology Roadmap: Energy and GHG Reductions in the Chemical Industry via Catalytic Processes, 2013.

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 2 Project Overview: Potential Impact of a Billion-Ton Bioeconomy

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 3 Project Overview: Catalysis Challenges are Pervasive in Conversion of Biomass and Waste Feedstocks

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 4 Project Overview: Catalysis Challenges are Pervasive in Conversion of Biomass and Waste Feedstocks

Value Proposition: Reduce risks for biofuel and biochemical production and enable accelerated market adoption of bioenergy technologies by overcoming critical catalysis challenges

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 5 1. Management: Consortium Structure BETO Sonia Hammache and Trevor Smith Key Interactions Industry and • Biannual face-to-face Director meetings Academic Josh Schaidle Partners • Single point of contact • Biweekly teleconferences • Portfolio management • Quarterly teleconferences • Strategic initiatives with IAB

Steering Committee Team Industry Advisory Board 25 PI’s and Co-PI’s 100+ Contributors 10 members • Coordinate and lead R&D • Technical capability experts • Guide the consortium toward • Provide technical guidance • Technology transfer experts industry-relevant R&D • Identify unique lab capabilities • Data experts • Provide a business perspective • Serve in specific roles • Identify knowledge gaps Centralized Website for Outreach: Chemcatbio.org

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 6 1. Management: Communication Steering Committee Roles

Meeting Coordination: Organize annual Face-to-Face and ACS Symposium Dan Ruddy Huamin Wang Susan Habas Zhenglong Li

Industry Outreach: Engage with potential partners, collect feedback, and translate into action items Mariefel Olarte Karthi Ramasamy

Consortia Liaison: Foster collaboration between BETO Consortia Rick Elander Kim Magrini Derek Vardon Jim Parks (FCIC) (SepCon) (Co-Optima) (CCPC) Points of Contact: Facilitate effective intra-consortium communication Kurt Van Allsburg Carrie Farberow Mike Griffin Mark Nimlos (DataHub) (Technology Transfer)

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 7 1. Management: ChemCatBio Foundation – FY19 Integrated and collaborative portfolio of catalytic technologies and enabling capabilities Catalytic Technologies Enabling Capabilities Industry Partnerships Catalytic Upgrading of Biochemical Advanced Catalyst Synthesis and (Directed Funding) Intermediates Characterization Gevo (NREL) (NREL, PNNL, ORNL, LANL) (NREL, ANL, ORNL, SNL) ALD Nano/JM (NREL) Catalytic Upgrading of Indirect Catalyst Cost Model Development Vertimass (ORNL) Liquefaction Intermediates (NREL, PNNL) Opus12 (NREL) (NREL, PNNL, ORNL) Consortium for Computational Visolis (PNNL) Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Physics and Chemistry (NREL, PNNL) (ORNL, NREL, PNNL, ANL, NETL) Lanzatech (PNNL) - Fuel Electrocatalytic and Catalyst Deactivation Mitigation Gevo (LANL) Lanzatech (PNNL) - TPA Thermocatalytic CO2 Utilization for Biomass Conversion (NREL, ORNL) (PNNL) Sironix (LANL) Cross-Cutting Support ChemCatBio Lead Team Support (NREL) ChemCatBio DataHUB (NREL)

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 8 1. Management: Active Portfolio Management Integrated and collaborative portfolio of catalytic technologies and enabling capabilities Catalytic Technologies Enabling Capabilities Industry Partnerships Catalytic Upgrading of Biochemical Advanced Catalyst Synthesis and (Directed Funding) Intermediates Characterization Gevo (NREL) (NREL, PNNL, ORNL, LANL) (NREL, ANL, ORNL, SNL) ALD Nano/JM (NREL) Catalytic Upgrading of Indirect CatalystClosed outCost following Model Development successful Vertimass (ORNL) LiquefactionReorganized Intermediates in FY20 (NREL, PNNL) tool development SelectedOpus12 for (NREL) Phase II (NREL, PNNL, ORNL) Consortium for Computational SelectedVisolis for(PNNL) Phase II Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Physics and Chemistry (NREL, PNNL) (ORNL, NREL, PNNL, ANL, NETL) Lanzatech (PNNL) - Fuel Electrocatalytic and Catalyst Deactivation Mitigation Gevo (LANL) Added in FY19 based on IAB ThermocatalyticReorganizedCO in UtilizationFY20 for Biomass Conversion Lanzatech (PNNL) - TPA 2 feedback (NREL, ORNL) (PNNL) SelectedSironix for(LANL) Phase II Cross-Cutting Support ChemCatBio Lead Team Support (NREL) ChemCatBio DataHUB (NREL)

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 9 1. Management: Catalytic Technologies Reorganization Shift projects to respond to peer review feedback and align with industry interests Catalytic Upgrading of Indirect Electrocatalytic and Thermocatalytic FY19 Liquefaction Intermediates CO2 Utilization (NREL, PNNL, ORNL) (NREL)

MeOH/DME Catalytic CO2 Upgrading Upgrading Upgrading of C1 Building Blocks FY20 (NREL) Ethanol Upgrading Electrochemical CO2 Aligns this project with significant (PNNL/ORNL) Upgrading industrial interest in upgrading Upgrading of C2 Intermediates methanol, CO , and biogas Electrocatalytic CO2 Utilization (PNNL and ORNL) 2 (NREL) Responds to peer review feedback that project Aligns this project with significant industrial should focus on electrocatalytic CO utilization interest in generating drop-in fuels and 2 and emphasize development and evaluation of valuable chemicals from ethanol realistic reactor (MEA) configurations

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 10 1. Management: ChemCatBio Foundation – FY21 Integrated and collaborative portfolio of catalytic technologies and enabling capabilities Catalytic Technologies Enabling Capabilities Industry Partnerships Catalytic Upgrading of Biochemical Advanced Catalyst Synthesis and (Phase II Directed Intermediates Characterization Funding) (NREL, PNNL, ORNL, LANL) (NREL, ANL, ORNL) Opus12 (NREL) Upgrading of C1 Building Blocks Consortium for Computational Visolis (PNNL) Physics and Chemistry (NREL) Sironix (LANL) Upgrading of C2 Intermediates (ORNL, NREL, PNNL, ANL, NETL) (PNNL, ORNL) Catalyst Deactivation Mitigation Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis for Biomass Conversion (NREL, PNNL) (PNNL)

Electrocatalytic CO2 Utilization (NREL) Cross-Cutting Support ChemCatBio Lead Team Support (NREL) ChemCatBio DataHUB (NREL)

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 11 2. Approach: Acceleration

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 12 2. Approach: Foundational Catalyst-Process R&D

Foundational Science Applied Engineering Enables hypothesis-driven catalyst Enables evaluation of key process design metrics and deactivation Mo C Advanced 2 Catalyst Cost Estimation (CatCostTM) Synthesis and Characterization

Theory Performance Evaluation

Catalyst Scaling and Integrated Testing

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 13 2. Approach: Differentiators

Value Proposition: Reduce risks for biofuel and biochemical production and enable accelerated market adoption of bioenergy technologies by overcoming critical catalysis challenges

Differentiators: • Working with realistic process streams (woody biomass, fermentation broth) • Targeting both pathway-specific and overarching catalysis challenges - Emphasis on mitigating catalyst deactivation as a grand challenge • Leveraging world-class national lab capabilities and expertise • Guiding R&D through risk assessment, technoeconomic analysis/life-cycle assessment and input from our industry advisory board • Advancing core catalytic upgrading technologies for BETO

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 14 3. Impact: Serving as a Central Hub of Knowledge Addressing critical catalysis challenges limiting commercialization of bioenergy technologies and facilitating industry access to national lab capabilities and expertise

Maintain an updated website to facilitate community outreach: Chemcatbio.org

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 15 3. Impact: Path to Market Addressing critical catalysis challenges limiting commercialization of bioenergy technologies and facilitating industry access to national lab capabilities and expertise • 3 ChemCatBio technologies licensed by industry - Ethanol to jet fuel - Dimethyl ether to high-octane gasoline - Atomic Layer Deposition • Multiple follow-on projects with industry (TCF, FOA, CRADA) • Successfully completed Phase I Directed Funding Opportunities - R&D100 Special Recognition in Green Tech (Sironix) - Gevo: “The insight provided by ChemCatBio through advanced characterization techniques that are not readily available to industry has helped us to develop a better understanding of catalyst deactivation for important Gevo biofuels processes.” • FY20 CatCostTM Utilization: 1,492 users / 2,077 sessions

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 16 4. Progress: Addressing Catalyst Deactivation Catalyst deactivation is a critical risk for commercialization of bioenergy applications Ethanol Upgrading Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Challenge: Coke formation Challenge: Potassium deposition Accomplishment: 3x reduction in coke formation Accomplishment: Developed a mechanistic through catalyst modification, resulting in enhanced understanding of K-induced deactivation through 100 conversion 100

stability total olefins comprehensive catalyst characterization and testing 80 80 conversion C3+ olefins 60 60 total olefins 40 FY19 40

20 20 C3+ olefins 0 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 25 50 75 100 125 Time on stream (hours) Time on stream (hours)

FY20

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 17 4. Progress: Tool Development Expanding the development and utilization of tools that improve research efficiency and accelerate the catalyst-process development cycle Enhanced capabilities of CatCostTM Developed and publicly released the • Added Python scripts for Catalyst Property Database Web-Excel interconversion • Centralized, searchable compilation of published density functional theory adsorption data • Created printable outputs in Excel to support peer • Standardization of 3000+ datapoints through Sodium silicate price ($0.39 : 0.55 : 0.72/kg) Required pre-tax ROI (15 : 25 : 35 %/year) development and implementation of review Plant capacity factor (105 : 100 : 80 %) OpEx: Distribution and marketing (2 : 10 : 20 % of OpEx) dictionaries Plant life (15 : 10 : 8 years) • Incorporated sensitivityCapEx: Piping (16 : 31 : 68 % of purcha sed equip.) Clay price ($0.05 : 0.11 : 0.30/kg) CapEx: Purchased equip. (75 : 100 : 125 % of purchased equip.) • Key component of the Catalyst Design Engine analysis into the WebNatural gas co stApp ($2 : 3 : 6/MMBtu) OpEx: Research and development (4 : 5 : 8 % of OpEx) Catalyst Design Engine Vision OpEx: Plant overhead (50 : 60 : 70 % of LSM)

OpEx: Direct labor rate ($43 : 48 : 55/hr) • Fixed bugs and improvedElectricity cost ($0.03 : 0.055 : 0.15/k Wh)

Synthesis yield (– : 100 : 95 %) performance TPABr price ($11.57 : 16.53 : 21.50/kg) OpEx: Direct labor operators (20 : 21 : 22)

Materials losses to waste/spoilage (2 : 3 : 4 %)

-0 -0 -0 -0 0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +1 Change to catalyst net cost, $/kg, relative to base case ($98.66/kg)

catcost.chemcatbio.org cpd.chemcatbio.org

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 18 4. Progress: Engagement with other Consortia Rich cross-consortia collaboration enables broader impact to the bioenergy community

Improving efficiency of Producing diesel blendstocks Informing catalyst and butanediol upgrading through through catalytic upgrading process scale-up for CFP advanced separations of short-chain acids Wiped Film Evaporation Membrane Pervaporation

4-Butoxyheptane 5-Ethyl-4-Propylnonane

X. Huo, et al., Green Chem. 21 (2019) 5813-5827. M. Pecha, et al., G. Hafenstine, et al., Green React. Chem. Eng. 6 Chem. 22 (2020) 4463-4472. (2021) 125-137

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 19 4. Progress: Industry and Stakeholder Engagement Industry engagement and partnerships help maintain commercial relevance

Revamped our Industry Initiated 3 Phase II industrial Interviewed subject matter Advisory Board in 2020 to partnerships through experts to guide bring in new perspectives Directed Funding Opportunity ChemCatBio’s evolution as a • 10 members across the “Central Hub of Knowledge” catalysis and bioenergy value • Prior listening day feedback chains • Building off success from suggested ChemCatBio serve as • Expanded to include academic Phase I projects to facilitate a “Central Hub of Knowledge” members commercial impact • Interviewed >25 industry • Members from Phillips66, • Leveraging ChemCatBio experts to understand W.R. Grace, Clariant, capabilities in synthesis, knowledge gaps and needs JohnsonMatthey, ExxonMobil, characterization, and • Outcome: Identified specific Columbia University, and evaluation action items, including Apeel Sciences • Advancing technology newsletter distribution and SOT • Quarterly meetings readiness level updates through our website

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 20 Summary Mission: Accelerate the catalyst and process development cycle for bioenergy applications Approach: Active consortium management combined with a collaborative R&D approach guided by risks, TEA/LCA, and stakeholder/IAB input that targets both pathway-specific and overarching catalysis challenges • Developing next-generation catalytic systems • Mitigating deactivation • Developing tools that improve research efficiency • Establishing partnerships & disseminating knowledge Outcome: Reduced cost, time, and risks for catalytic technology maturation Relevance to Bioenergy Industry: Addressing critical catalysis challenges limiting commercialization of bioenergy technologies and facilitating industry access to national lab capabilities and expertise

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 21 Acknowledgements

Bioenergy Technologies Office Steering Committee BETO Rajeev Assary (ANL) Cameron Moore (LANL) Sonia Hammache Fred Baddour (NREL) Mariefel Olarte (PNNL) Trevor Smith Rob Dagle (PNNL) Asanga Padmaperuma (PNNL) Nichole Fitzgerald Vanessa Dagle (PNNL) Jim Parks (ORNL) Andrea Bailey Rick Elander (NREL) Karthi Ramasamy (PNNL) Kevin Craig Carrie Farberow (NREL) Roger Rousseau (PNNL) Jack Ferrell (NREL) Dan Ruddy (NREL) Mike Griffin (NREL) Andrew Sutton (ORNL) Susan Habas (NREL) Madhava Syamlal (NETL) Special thanks to all of our David Johnson (NREL) Kinga Unocic (ORNL) collaborators and industry Ted Krause (ANL) Kurt Van Allsburg (NREL) advisory board members! Zhenglong Li (ORNL) Derek Vardon (NREL) Kim Magrini (NREL) Huamin Wang (PNNL)

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 22 Thank you!

ChemCatBio Team

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 23 DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) 2021 Project Peer Review Overview of the Chemical Catalysis for Bioenergy Consortium

March 9th, 2021 Catalytic Upgrading

Josh Schaidle Quad Chart Overview – ChemCatBio Lead Team Support (WBS 2.6.3.500)

Timeline Project Goal • Start Date: October 1st, 2019 Enable ChemCatBio to achieve its mission by providing th leadership for the consortium, managing the R&D portfolio, • End Date: September 30 , 2022 serving as single point of contact for potential partners, FY20 Active Project pursuing action items identified from the stakeholder listening day, and developing strategic initiatives to position the DOE $160,000 $480,000 consortium for the future. Funding End of Project Milestone Establish ChemCatBio as a central public hub of knowledge, Barriers addressed methods, and tools for catalytic bioenergy applications by (1) Ot-B: Cost of Production supporting development of the Catalyst Design Engine Reducing conversion cost contribution to (including release of a computational catalyst database web MFSP application), (2) maintaining and expanding the capabilities of the CatCost tool, (3) developing and sharing content on our Ct-E/F: Improving yield and catalyst website about mitigation of catalyst deactivation, advancements lifetime in the state-of-technology for applicable conversion pathways, Developing stable, selective catalysts and the catalyst value factor, and (4) implementing action items Ct-G: Decreasing time/cost to develop based on feedback from the community in FY20. catalysts Leverage national lab capabilities/expertise Funding Mechanism Annual Operating Plan (AOP)

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 25 Additional Slides Responses to Previous Reviewers’ Comments

Our overarching response to 2019 peer review feedback: “Moving forward, we will continue to build upon the collaborative foundation of the consortium and our early-stage technical successes by (1) maintaining our responsiveness to stakeholder feedback, (2) emphasizing carbon utilization as a key metric for all catalytic conversion technologies, (3) strengthening existing partnerships and developing new partnerships, especially with industry and other BETO consortia (e.g., Separations Consortium), and (4) developing tools that broadly enable the research community to accelerate the catalyst and process development cycle for bioenergy technologies.”

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 27 Publications, Patents, Presentations, Awards, and Commercialization • Full list of ChemCatBio Publications: https://www.chemcatbio.org/publications.html • Full list of ChemCatBio Webinars: https://www.chemcatbio.org/webinars.html • See slides 15 and 16 regarding awards, patents, licenses, and industry collaborations

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 28 Project Overview: Historical Motivation

Feedback: Establish an “Experimental Goal: Accelerate the development of Catalysis Consortium” advanced materials for clean energy • Address overarching issues such as applications deactivation and physical stability • Consists of national lab-led consortia • Needs to be a highly-coordinated effort • Integrates all phases of R&D from discovery focused on advancing the state of to scale-up technology for catalysis, not just pathway- • Facilitates industry/stakeholder access to a specific challenges world-class network of capabilities, tools, • Integrate valorization of waste streams and expertise

[Launched at start of FY17]

Bioenergy Technologies Office | 29