THE DRACKETT COMPANY AND SOY (1937-2020) 1 HISTORY OF THE DRACKETT COMPANY’S WORK WITH SOYBEANS, SOY PROTEIN AND AZLON (1937-2020): EXTENSIVELY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCEBOOK Compiled by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi 2020 Copyright © 2020 by Soyinfo Center THE DRACKETT COMPANY AND SOY (1937-2020) 2 Copyright (c) 2020 by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems - except for use in reviews, without written permission from the publisher. Published by: Soyinfo Center P.O. Box 234 Lafayette, CA 94549-0234 USA Phone: 925-283-2991 www.soyinfocenter.com ISBN 9781948436199 (new ISBN Drackett without hyphens) ISBN 978-1-948436-19-9 (new ISBN Drackett with hyphens) Printed 2020 June 8 Price: Available on the Web free of charge Search engine keywords: History of the The Drackett Co. History of the The Drackett Company History of Drackett History of Azlon Bibliography of the The Drackett Co. Bibliography of the The Drackett Company Bibliography of Drackett Bibliography of Azlon Cronology of the The Drackett Co. Cronology of the The Drackett Company Cronology of Drackett Cronology of Azlon Timeline of the The Drackett Co. Timeline of the The Drackett Company Timeline of Drackett Timeline of Azlon Copyright © 2020 by Soyinfo Center THE DRACKETT COMPANY AND SOY (1937-2020) 3 Contents Page Dedication and Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction and Brief Chronology, by William Shurtleff .......................................................................................... 5 About This Book ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Abbreviations Used in This Book .................................................................................................................................. 7 How to Make the Best Use of This Digital Book - Three Keys ................................................................................... 8 Full-Page Graphics ................................................................................................................................................. 10-11 Introducing Soyinfo Center .......................................................................................................................................... 12 History of The Drackett Company’s Work with Soy: 137 References in Chronological Order ............................ 13 Contains 25 Photographs and Illustrations Subject/Geographical Index by Record Numbers ................................................................................................... 104 Last Page of Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 119 Copyright © 2020 by Soyinfo Center THE DRACKETT COMPANY AND SOY (1937-2020) 4 DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Japanese translation and maps: Akiko Aoyagi Shurtleff. This book is dedicated to Robert Boyer and David S. Perkins. Loma Linda University, Del E. Webb Memorial Library (Seventh-day Adventist): Janice Little, Trish Chapman. We would also like to thank our co-workers and friends at Soyinfo Center who, since 1984, have played a major role in Part of the enjoyment of writing a book lies in meeting collecting the documents, building the library, and producing people from around the world who share a common interest, the SoyaScan database from which this book is printed: and in learning from them what is often the knowledge or skills acquired during a lifetime of devoted research or Irene Yen, Tony Jenkins, Sarah Chang, Laurie Wilmore, practice. We wish to give deepest thanks... Alice Whealey, Simon Beaven, Elinor McCoy, Patricia McKelvey, Claire Wickens, Ron Perry, Walter Lin, Dana Scott, Jeremy Longinotti, John Edelen, Alex Lerman, Lydia Of the many libraries and librarians who have been of great Lam, Gretchen Muller, Joyce Mao, Luna Oxenberg, Joelle help to our research over the years, several stand out: Bouchard, Justine Lam, Joey Shurtleff, Justin Hildebrandt, Michelle Chun, Olga Kochan, Loren Clive, Marina Li, University of California at Berkeley: John Creaser, Lois Rowyn McDonald, Casey Brodsky, Hannah Woodman, Farrell, Norma Kobzina, Ingrid Radkey. Elizabeth Hawkins, Molly Howland, Jacqueline Tao, Lynn Hsu, Brooke Vittimberga, Tanya Kochan, Aanchal Singh. Northern Regional Library Facility (NRLF), Richmond, California: Martha Lucero, Jutta Wiemhoff, Scott Miller, Special thanks to: Tom and Linda Wolfe of Berwyn Park, Virginia Moon, Kay Loughman. Maryland; to Lorenz K. Schaller of Ojai, California; and to Wayne Dawson (genealogist) of Tucson, Arizona. Stanford University: Molly Molloy, who has been of special help on Slavic-language documents. For outstanding help on this Drackett book we thank: David S. Perkins, Robert Boyer, Charles “Chuck” Butke, National Agricultural Library: Susan Chapman, Kay Derr, Dick Wallace, and Fred Wilson. Carol Ditzler, John Forbes, Winnifred Gelenter, Henry Gilbert, Kim Hicks, Ellen Knollman, Patricia Krug, Finally our deepest thanks to Tony Cooper of San Ramon, Sarah Lee, Veronica Lefebvre, Julie Mangin, Ellen Mann, California, who has kept our computers up and running since Josephine McDowell, Wayne Olson, Mike Thompson, Sept. 1983. Without Tony, this series of books on the Web Tanner Wray. would not have been possible. Library of Congress: Ronald Jackson, Ronald Roache. This book, no doubt and alas, has its share of errors. These, of course, are solely the responsibility of William Shurtleff. Lane Medical Library at Stanford University. This bibliography and sourcebook was written with the Contra Costa County Central Library and Lafayette Library: hope that someone will write a detailed and well-documented Carole Barksdale, Kristen Wick, Barbara Furgason, Sherry history of this subject. Cartmill, Linda Barbero. Harvard University’s Five Botanical Libraries (especially Arnold Arboretum Library): Jill Gelmers Thomas. French translation: Martine Liguori of Lafayette, California, for ongoing, generous, and outstanding help since the early 1980s. Dutch translation: Sjon Welters. French translation Elise Kruidenier. German translation Philip Isenberg, Copyright © 2020 by Soyinfo Center THE DRACKETT COMPANY AND SOY (1937-2020) 5 INTRODUCTION Brief Chronology/Timeline of Drackett’s Work with 1940, fi rst quarter – Drackett starts to work cooperatively Soybeans, Soy Protein and Azlon with The Ford Motor Co. to develop a soybean protein suitable for spinning into fi ber from which upholstery cloth 1910 – The Drackett Co. is organized as a partnership named could be made. P.W. Drackett and Sons. Its main business is distributing a line of bulk chemicals to industrial users. In 1933 the 1941 Jan. – Soybean oil extraction begins at the Sharonville company adopted its present name. plant. Drackett’s initial investment was about $1.5 million. The plant has an annual capacity of 35,000 tons of soybean 1918-1928 – Drackett is America’s leading manufacturer meal and 15 million lb of soybean oil. and seller of U.S.P. grade Epsom salts. 1941 – Drackett’s fi rst industrial soy protein isolate is sold 1923 – Drackett starts production of Drano (a chemical commercially. 15,018 lb were produced and 7,039 lb were composition used to clear clogged drains), which soon sold during the year. By 1942 this soy protein was brand- becomes the company’s fi rst major consumer product. named Alysol. Some of it was sold to the Ford Motor Co. to make experimental (noncommercial) soy protein fi bers. 1933-1934 – Drackett invents then starts production of Windex (a spray that cleans windows without water), which 1941 Dec. 7 – Japanese military forces attack Pearl Harbor. soon becomes its second major consumer product. Both The United States enters World War II. Henry Ford is soon products are made at Drackett’s plant at 5020 Spring Grove told to stop making automobiles and to build an assembly Ave. in Cincinnati, Ohio. line for making bombers for the war effort. 1935-36 – Laboratory studies at Drackett lead to the design 1942 May – The Ford Motor Company produces its fi rst of an original pilot plant for oil extraction by the solvent B-24 Liberator bomber using a giant assembly line one mile method. Laboratory research is also conducted on the long that it had constructed at Willow Run in Michigan. extraction of soy protein from defatted soybean fl akes. Thereafter Ford made one bomber per hour – plus engines, gliders, tanks, armored, cars, jeeps, etc. 1935, fall – Drackett submits samples of industrial soy protein to the Champion Coated Paper and Fiber Co. for 1943 Nov. – Drackett purchases the Ford Motor Company’s examination as to use in paper coatings in place of milk soy protein and soybean fi ber spinning operations. Robert casein. Boyer, Francis (Frank) Calvert, and William Atkinson go to Drackett from Ford as part of the deal. 1936 – A pilot plant for making industrial soy protein begins operation inside Drackett’s plant at 5020 Spring Grove Ave. 1943 Dec. 2 – Drackett starts commercial production of in Cincinnati, Ohio. Soybean Azlon, the world’s fi rst commercial fi ber made from plant proteins. The fi bers were used mainly in felt hats by