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Volume 50, Issue 2 ConnectionJune 2018

Celebrating Half a Century of Progressive Solutions for Our Crowded Planet President’s Note

or a half-century, Population Connection (formerly Zero Population Growth) has been focused on education and advocacy to achieve population stabilization. While we’ve made real progress, the hard fact remains that population continues to soar every single day to levels that are ever more unsustainable. A brief balance sheet:

F The Bad News The Good News

• World population grows by more than 226,000 each day, • When we were founded, only four nations were at or 83 million each year. below replacement rate fertility (2.1 children per woman). • Climate chaos is now a reality, with population growth the Today there are nearly a hundred such nations. number one cause — a fact roundly ignored by too many • Mexico is estimated to have reached replacement rate, experts. having seen its family size plummet from 6.75 children • Nearly half of all pregnancies in the U.S. are still per woman when we were founded to just 2.14 today. unplanned. • The Western Hemisphere as a whole is now below • Access to reproductive health services is under constant replacement rate. assault by Right Wing extremists. • Average family size in the U.S. has dropped by 28 percent, • There are 214 million women in developing nations who from 2.5 children at our founding to 1.8 children today. don’t want to become pregnant, yet aren’t using modern • The U.S. teen birth rate is more than 70 percent lower contraception. than when we were founded. • Apart from condoms, there are still no reliably reversible • FDA-approved long acting reversible contraception methods of male contraception. (LARC) — 200 times more effective than birth control • Africa’s population is projected to more than triple, to 4.5 pills — is covered for insured Americans at no cost. billion people, by 2100.

Population Connection is on the right track, yet we’re nowhere near our destination — and we have no time to lose.

We are proud to be America’s nationwide provider of K-12 Population Education. We train 12,000 teachers annually. Some 50,000 educators use our materials to teach about 3 million students each year. The demand for our programs continues to exceed the supply.

Just as important in these contentious times, we never shy away from outspoken advocacy — with Trump reimposing an expanded Global Gag Rule, defunding UNFPA, and trying to cancel all funds for bilateral international family planning assistance. Here at home, he and his congressional accomplices attack our friends at Planned Parenthood day and night. And from Neil Gorsuch to district and appellate judges, Trump schemes to shove our courts to the far right for decades to come.

Our best hope, without question, is the next generation. Population Connection, along with Population Connection Action Fund, proudly hosted hundreds of college student activists in March for our annual Capitol Hill Days advocacy weekend, where they lob- bied 169 members of Congress. And we constantly fan out all across America to raise the alarm and light the path forward. We do this without one red cent of public money. We don’t seek it. We don’t want it. Thanks to our stalwart, farsighted 40,000 dues-paying members, we can be what we’ve been for half a century: America’s strong, sound, unapologetic voice for population stabilization.

John Seager [email protected]

Population Connection — June 2018 VolumePopulation 50, Issue 2 Connection June 2018

Features Board Chair Estelle Raboni, MPH, MCHES 7 Twenty Years of Teaching Population: PopEd Trainer Board of Directors Perspectives Aaron S. Allen, PhD By Kate Anderson Andreea Creanga, MD Amy Dickson Katie Ferman 12 Fifty Years of Family Planning for Our Future Bryce Hach By Stacie Murphy Padgett Kelly, PhD Anna Lawson, PhD Nejla Liias 22 Celebrating Fifty Years of Grassroots Membership and Sacheen Nathan, MD Support Bob Pettapiece, PhD Dara Purvis, JD (Vice Chair) The Hon. Tom Sawyer (Treasurer) 26 PopEd and Pam Wasserman: Thirty Years Together Carol Vlassoff, PhD By Lee S. Polansky and Pam Wasserman Kevin Whaley, PhD Hania Zlotnik, PhD (Secretary) 28 From Apathy to Action: Population Connection’s President and CEO John Seager Millennial Staff Members Share Their Inspirations and [email protected] Intentions Editor By Lee S. Polansky Marian Starkey [email protected] 32 Key Data Trends Since Our Founding as ZPG Population Connection (ISSN 2331-0529) By Marian Starkey Population Connection is the national grassroots population organization that educates young people and advocates progressive action to Departments stabilize world population at a level that can be sustained by Earth’s resources. 2 Editor’s Note Annual membership ($25) includes a one-year 3 Letters to the Editor subscription to Population Connection magazine. All contributions, bequests, and gifts are fully tax- 4 In the News deductible in accordance with current laws. Population Connection 6 Planned Giving Quiz 2120 L Street, NW, Suite 500 Washington, DC 20037 38 Washington View (202) 332-2200 • (800) 767-1956 [email protected] 40 Field & Outreach PopulationConnection.org PopulationEducation.org 42 PopEd Cover Image: Apollo 8, the first manned mission to the moon, 45 Editorial Excerpts entered lunar orbit on December 24, 1968. That evening, the astronauts held a live broadcast from lunar orbit, in which they showed pictures of the Earth and moon as seen from their spacecraft. Said Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell, “The vast loneliness is awe-inspiring and it makes you realize just what you have back there on Earth.” © NASA www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 1 Editor’s Note

t’s been half a century since NASA astronauts aboard In this issue, we showcase longtime members and volunteer the Apollo 8 shuttle took the iconic photo on the cover teacher trainers. We take a look at how demographic, health, and of this fiftieth anniversary issue ofPopulation Connection environmental trends have panned out over the past fifty years. Imagazine. It was the first time humans had seen our planet in And we aim to inspire hope for the future of our planet and its its entirety, and it was — and remains — a breathtaking sight. people by sharing the stories of young people who understand the challenges of population growth and are willing to have the In addition to being beautiful and awe-inspiring, the Earthrise sometimes difficult conversations required to address it. They photo starkly depicted the finite nature of our planet. We’re on will carry the movement for zero population growth forward a ball that’s spinning through space and there’s only so much into the next fifty years, and I am confident they will nail it. land we can cultivate, develop, chop down, drill, and task with absorbing our waste. In the ten years since I put together our fortieth anniversary issue of the magazine (then called The Reporter), our dues- It’s no coincidence that Zero Population Growth (ZPG) was paying membership has grown from 32,000 to over 40,000. founded the same year that this photo was taken. Americans Our network of volunteer teacher trainers has gone from 420 to were more aware than ever before that what happens to the over 650. And our staff and its outreach to every corner of the environment in one part of the Earth has global repercussions. United States has nearly tripled.

The year of our founding was the year the annual global popula- Thank you for supporting that expansion. I am confident that tion growth rate peaked, at 2.1 percent. The global total fertility the population movement will continue to grow over the next rate had just peaked as well, at five children per woman. The ten years, reaching even more Americans. Together we can timing of these demographic events in relation to increasing change the course of history. Thank you for everything you do. environmental chaos was not lost on ZPG’s founders or its earliest members. Marian Starkey [email protected]

marks our fiftieth anniversary! Fifty years of 2018 advocating for reasonable, voluntary solutions to achieve zero population growth. We owe it all to the 250,000 cumulative donors who have enabled us to educate millions of young Americans and to be strong, effective advocates for population stabilization. Thank you!

2 Population Connection — June 2018 Send correspondence to Letters to the Editor [email protected] . Attn: Marian Starkey Letters are also accepted via Population Connection postal mail. Letters may be 2120 L St, NW, Suite 500 edited for clarity and length. Washington, D.C. 20037

Thank you for your work on the latest issue of Population The more “causes” we adopt, the more access points we expose Connection. You tackled a tough topic (reproductive justice) and to our critics. did it well and successfully! I also have a complaint about terminology here-n-there: Some Having been in this field for a few decades now, and having of our authors talk about “slowing down population growth.” worked with Loretta Ross (and Rickie Solinger) I want to con- We have to talk about ending population growth. If all we want gratulate you for taking on this topic and succeeding in this to accomplish is slowing down population growth, then we’re effort. just debating whether to go over the cliff running or to go over the cliff walking. Keep up the good work and do not be discouraged or deterred; James Hedges your particular voice matters and your particular angle on this topic matters immensely. I was saddened by what Jean Crocco expressed in her March Sarah Burns 2018 letter to the editor. It baffles me how she can compare a vasectomy to an abortion. I thought it was loving, responsible, I wish we were stinking rich — we would be more generous. and considerate for the man in question to choose a vasectomy. You are one of the few organizations we still support financially, I thought he was a smart, masculine man making a choice. He and we really appreciate all of your efforts, especially in this dark was not tied down to a table, like females are in so many places, period for thinking and reasonable people. having his genitals butchered off. He was intelligent enough, responsible enough, and loving enough to have a vasectomy. He Keep up the good work. I always enjoy the magazine. and his wife would not ever have to resort to an abortion, or see another one of their children go hungry, or without clothing, Robert Harper shelter, or education. I didn’t realize that to some women making lots of babies was so masculine. I have an idea that would I’m concerned that we are spreading ourselves too thin. All save a lot of tears, heartache, money, and the planet: help fund of these “reproductive justice” issues are important, but all of birth control to whoever wants it all over the world. We are one them already have pressure groups working to ameliorate them. big family here. Everything has ripple effects on everyone and Population Connection is the leading organization working on every place. population: We need to keep our focus tight and on target. Dawn Fitzgerald

Correction: We’d like to recognize Don C. Gentry and Allan L. Schuehle as members of the 2017 President’s Circle. We apologize for their inadvertent omission from the printed list in the March 2018 issue.

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 3 In the News

Judge Rejects Massachusetts Lawsuit By modifying ouabain at the chemi- exceptions permitted under H.B. 1510 Over Birth Control Rules cal level to remove the heart-stopping are medical emergencies and severe fetal compounds, the scientists have created abnormalities. Massachusetts Attorney General Maura an ouabain derivative that both paralyzes Healey filed a lawsuit in October 2017 sperm and leaves the heart unharmed. Physicians in violation of the ban would against the Trump administration over lose their medical licenses, owe a fine of the expanded conditions under which The research was published in the Journal $500, and face “additional enforcement” employers can refuse to cover no-cost of Medicinal Chemistry in January. per the Attorney General. employee birth control in insurance Utah Women Can Get Birth Washington Reproductive plans. Control Over the Counter Parity Act Signed into Law

In March, U.S. District Judge Nathaniel As of May 8, women in Utah with a Washington Gov. Jay Inslee signed the Gorton dismissed the lawsuit. His justi- standing prescription for hormonal con- Reproductive Parity Act into law on fication was the fact that, in November, traceptives are able to get refills and new March 21, after six years of consider- Massachusetts enacted the ACCESS prescriptions from pharmacists, without ation by the state legislature. The bill Act, which requires employee health visiting an advanced practice provider requires that any insurance plan that plans to cover birth control without first. The change affects the dispensing of covers maternity care must also cover co-pays, thus making Trump’s new rule self-administered hormonal birth con- all FDA-approved contraceptives, vol- moot in the state. trol, including pills, patches, and rings. untary sterilization, and abortion care. From Poison Arrows to All health plans issued or renewed on or Male Birth Control Gov. Gary Herbert signed the bill into after January 1, 2019 will be subject to law on March 19. the new rules. Researchers at the University of Mississippi’s New 15-Week Female Entrepreneurs Say Minnesota and the University of Kansas Abortion Ban Temporarily Access To Birth Control have isolated a protein in sperm that, Blocked by Federal Judge “Critical” to Their Success when inhibited, renders mice and rats infertile. This is a promising discovery in U.S. District Judge Carlton Reeves issued A survey conducted by Lake Research the hunt for a reversible method of male a temporary restraining order against Partners and American Viewpoint, on birth control. Mississippi’s new 15-week abortion ban behalf of Small Business Majority, found (H.B. 1510), signed into law by Gov. that female small business owners credit The scientists discovered that ouabain, Phil Bryant on March 19. The restrain- birth control with helping them advance a plant extract historically used to poi- ing order was requested by Mississippi’s their careers. Interviews with 507 women son the tips of arrows used by African only remaining abortion clinic, Jackson split along political party lines yielded warriors, halts the motility of sperm by Women’s Health Organization. the following findings: attacking the flagellum (tail). It also, however, attacks the heart, which is why The 15-week ban is in violation of • 71 percent cite birth control access it was valuable in battle. Roe v. Wade, as it prohibits abortion as an important factor in their ability nine weeks before a fetus is consid- to advance their careers and become ered viable by medical experts. The only small business owners;

4 Population Connection — June 2018 • 56 percent agree that their ability to study’s authors, “Whereas the decline in The paper strip detects human chori- access birth control and to decide if the unintended pregnancy rate in devel- onic gonadotropin (hCG), the hormone and when to have children allowed oped regions coincided with a declining women produce when they are pregnant, them to advance in their careers and abortion rate, the decline in developing the same way all pregnancy tests do. The start their own businesses; regions coincided with a declining unin- difference is in the materials and con- • 72 percent of Latina and 72 percent of tended birth rate.” struction (crimping, rather than glue, African American small business own- Population Growth Spurs holds the strip together). ers report that their ability to access Deforestation in Cambodia birth control and decide if and when The test strip biodegrades approximately to have children has been an impor- According to NASA, annual Cambodian 12 weeks after use. Lia will be available tant part of planning their careers and deforestation increased by 14.4 percent toward the end of this year, and it will futures; between 2001 and 2014. During that cost between $7 and $8. • 71 percent agree that health insurers period, the country lost 5,560 square U.S. Total Fertility Rate should be required to include birth miles of forest. Satellite imagery shows Continues Declining as control coverage in their plans; that forests have been replaced by roads, Completed Fertility Rises • 69 percent are supportive of policies fields, and large-scale rubber plantations. that ensure and expand access to birth As the United States total fertility rate control; and Prime Minister Hun Sen asked while (TFR) continues to decline (in 2016 it • 79 percent agree that access to repro- speaking to thousands of garment work- was 1.82 births per woman), the propor- ductive healthcare is important for ers, “When the population increases, tion of women who have had children women’s economic wellbeing and who is cutting the forest for their farm- by their mid-40s is on the rise. In 2016, stability. land? Some people cut the forest to make 86 percent of women ages 40–44 were Global Unintended farms because they need the land as the biological mothers, compared with 80 Pregnancy Declined from population grows.” percent in 2006. The Pew Research 1990 to 2014 New, Flushable Pregnancy Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau Test Promotes Privacy data found that the completed fertility A new study published in The Lancet of women ages 40–44 was 2.07 children, found that, as of 2014, an estimated 44 Lia Diagnostics has created a pregnancy up from the historic low of 1.86 in 2006. percent of pregnancies worldwide were test that can be flushed down the toilet. unintended. The rate declined from Flushability is an important property These trends are largely driven by a 74 unintended pregnancies per 1,000 for women who require privacy, whether decrease in teen births, which has raised women ages 15–44 in 1990 to 62 unin- because they are minors and don’t want the median age at first childbearing from tended pregnancies per 1,000 women in their parents to discover that they might 23 in 1994 to 26 in 2016, and the ability, 2010–2014. be pregnant, or because they are in abu- through reproductive technology, to have sive relationships and want to make children at older ages. In developing regions, the rate in 2014 decisions about their pregnancies with- was 65 unintended pregnancies per 1,000 out their partners knowing. women ages 15–44, compared with 45 in developed regions. According to the www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 5 CAN YOU ACE THIS QUIZ?

The goal of estate planning is to lay out your wishes about how you would like to distribute your assets in the future. Are your own plans in shape and up-to-date? Take a few minutes to answer the following statements in our estate planning quiz to discover if your plans meet your needs.

True False ❑ ❑ I have a will or living trust in place to provide for the distribution of my property. ❑ ❑ My plans have been professionally reviewed after recent changes in tax laws. ❑ ❑ I have not moved to another state since my last review. ❑ ❑ The person I named to settle my estate is still willing and able to serve. ❑ ❑ My life insurance and retirement plan beneﬁ ciary designations are up to date. ❑ ❑ I have made speciﬁ c provisions for what will happen to my digital assets based on new laws. ❑ ❑ I have remembered my charitable interests in my plans.

If you answered "false" to any of these statements, it may be time for a review. Your advisors can help you make sure your plans reﬂ ect your current wishes. We will be happy to discuss ideas about how you can include Population Connection in your plans, conﬁ dentially and with no obligation. Return the card for a complimentary copy of our booklet, “How to Make a Will That Works,” or contact Shauna Scherer or Abigail Lunetta for more information.

Shauna Scherer, MPA, CFRE Abigail Lunetta (202) 974-7730 • [email protected] (202) 974-7757 • [email protected]

6 Population Connection — June 2018 Twenty Years of Teaching Population PopEd Trainer Perspectives By Kate Anderson, Population Education Associate

Since the early 1990s, the Population Education Trainers Network (PETNet) has been an essential part of the Population Education (PopEd) program. Comprised of expert educators with a passion for population studies, PopEd volunteers are uniquely positioned to make our resources relevant and engaging to local audiences in their own communities.

The 650 members of our PETNet lead Population Education Interested in joining the PETNet and workshops for current K-12 teachers, pre-service education leading workshops for educators in your students, and nonformal educators (those who work in area? zoos, nature centers, science centers, and museums) in their communities. They reach thousands of educators See if you meet the criteria: every year around the U.S., Canada, and several countries • Have you taught in a K-12 classroom? abroad. • Have you attended one of our workshops? We couldn’t achieve all we do without our volunteer • Can you provide references that can speak trainers — they presented three-quarters of our 738 to your qualifications as an educational teacher training workshops in 2017! professional and presenter? For this anniversary issue of our magazine, we asked four If you answered ‘yes’ to all three questions, trainers who have been presenting our materials for the you may be eligible to become a Population past two decades to share their experiences, reflecting on Education Trainer! how PopEd curriculum resources and population issues To apply, please fill out our online application have resonated with teachers in their communities over form. After receiving your application, we will the years. Together, Janice, Jodi, Ray, and Chris have contact your references, and then contact you presented nearly 200 PopEd workshops in their respective to set up a brief phone interview. regions. Read about their experiences and reflections on Apply online: populationeducation.org/trainers-network/ the four pages that follow!

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 7 Janice Greene Biology Professor, Missouri State University PETNet member since 1992

Favorite PopEd Lessons Engaging Teachers Over 26 Years In addition to doing teacher training workshops, I use I find that teachers are more willing to use the PopEd PopEd lessons in my undergraduate biology courses to curriculum materials now than they were when I first teach the content. In my ornithology course, I often do started. Creativity, and finding ways to teach concepts “Earth: Apple of Our Eye” during our conservation and in a fun way, are really important in the education world habitat degradation unit. The visual shows how little today. With so much testing going on in schools now, I space we actually have to feed everyone, and also to pro- find that teachers are more open to the PopEd curricu- tect biodiversity. lum because it’s a creative way of tackling issues that can seem difficult, and they really seek that out. I also share the lessons with my course for pre-service middle school teachers. While the focus is science meth- I am in a very conservative part of the country (south- ods, some will teach other subjects, and the PopEd western Missouri). People here are passionate about lessons are good for tying in all of the different topics. I personal choices and individual rights, so I approach enjoy seeing the “light bulb” moment for many students population studies by asking them to consider how when we do the lesson “One for All.” Often, one college they use resources, not by telling them how to behave. student will take all of the poker chips (that represent Population is a critical topic, and sometimes people avoid resources) at once. Before I say anything, I make the it because they’re worried about offending someone. But group keep playing without communicating for several we need to talk about it and be comfortable with it. It’s rounds. It’s really fun to watch their thought process and so much more than just numbers of people. PopEd has so how they change the strategy. The game shows them they many great activities, and they can meet so many needs, don’t have to stop using the resource altogether, but need from those of classroom teachers to those of informal to control how they use it. educators!

8 Population Connection — June 2018 Jodi Bondy Education Consultant, Central Indiana PETNet member since 1995

A Memorable Workshop Experience useful — you just have to be cognizant and not bash any Recently, I presented at the state science conference I organization or any group. At some point, we just have used to attend regularly when I was teaching, but hadn’t to talk about these things and be honest — figure out a been to in about ten years. My PopEd session had over way to hear and understand what others say, and to be 70 people! It was like having a welcoming committee. It’s tolerant. I tell people, ‘I’m just trying to teach kids about clear this issue is still relevant, and people really want to saving what we’ve got.’ learn about it. During the workshop, I took the teachers to the PopEd website and watched how much they The Future of the PopEd Program enjoyed the lessons there. Your office actually got an This is a topic that’s not going to go away. I’d like to email during that workshop from someone wanting to see PopEd continue to investigate hot topics, whether become a trainer. This is not a dying topic! it’s finding alternative fuels or educating people about reproductive choices. I really like that the materials are Population Issues in Jodi’s Community not about giving answers. We need to let the kids talk. Many of the workshops I present are for people work- They’re the ones who will make this happen and who will ing in farming communities, and many of their students make changes. With these topics, they aren’t tested or and their families are farmers. So, if we talk about envi- graded, and there is not really a right answer. Rather than ronmental problems with fertilizer, realize that one kid’s saying that as adults we have all the answers, we need to dad might work for the company that makes the fertil- allow students to think critically to save the world. And izer. It’s really about listening to others. They are talking PopEd lessons are great for that. I really enjoy present- from their viewpoint and you’re talking from yours. That ing them, as it lets me get my science education fix even doesn’t mean you don’t have people who find the material though I’m not a classroom teacher anymore!

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 9 Ray Oldakowski Geography Professor, Jacksonville University PETNet member since 1998

A Memorable Workshop Experience considering whether we’re building schools fast enough, When I first started out training for PopEd, I did a work- looking at places where there’s no water to support the shop for future elementary teachers at a local university. population, and seeing increased pollution from traffic. At that time, the world population had recently hit 6 bil- In other parts of the country, they’re struggling with peo- lion. I remember how excited they were to receive the ple leaving, and that has problems associated with it, too. booklet of lesson plans. They thumbed through the book, It’s amazing how just within the U.S., population issues and were saying how they would use every single one and can be so diverse at a local level. sharing how they could modify it to be about their local context. Teachers love getting lesson plans that are well An Emphasis on Environmental Issues thought out. It was really enjoyable to see. Right now, I see much more emphasis on how population relates to the environment. When I first started Population Issues in His Community presenting, social issues were more prominent in the dis- As a professor of geography, I teach my students that cussion, with a focus on infant mortality rates and global any issue can be looked at in different scales — local, development and how that related to fertility. Now envi- national, and global. Population fits into that perfectly. ronmental stewardship takes the lead. Of course, I think I’ve lived in Jacksonville for the past 25 years, and it’s a this is all cyclical in education. We’re currently more very pro-growth and pro-business city. It seems to be the focused on the environment, and slightly less so on these goal to attract as much population as possible, because social issues, but it will likely come back around. Overall, economic growth is seen as connected to population I see people recognizing more that we must be global, growth. However, at the state level in Florida, we’re not local. As Americans, we can’t ignore Africa and Latin seeing a need for growth management, and trying to America in terms of environmentalism, and population have enough resources to support everyone. People are growth is part of that consideration.

10 Population Connection — June 2018 Chris Clovis Retired Science Educator, Ontario, Canada PETNet member since 2001

Favorite PopEd Lessons PopEd Today and Tomorrow My favorite one is probably “Water, Water Everywhere.” Population Education is not just about population any- In North America we take this resource for granted, and more, and I think that trend needs to continue. I’d like don’t think about how in some places in Africa and the to see more lessons like “Earth: The Apple of Our Eye” Caribbean, there is no tap that puts out potable water. that address issues with our food systems. As a society, It’s treated as a much more precious resource elsewhere. we are now learning more about microbiomes — what’s I have also used it to talk about the commodification of in the soil that helps us grow our food and what’s in our our water resources. I had students compare the cost of bodies that helps us stay healthy. I’d like to have lessons tap water to the cost of bottled water and see the differ- that discuss not just stable populations, but healthy ones. ence, and we ended up running a successful campaign I’m actually working on a paper about the connections against plastic bottles in our community. between our food system and increased health problems in the West. Another one I like is “People on the Move,” about the push and pull factors of immigration. I use it to address Talking to you about these issues is getting me excited bullying and get students to understand what their for the workshop I’m presenting next Tuesday! I think classmates who look or act differently from them are this material allows me to work on issues that are really experiencing. It’s a quick lesson, but strong for that pur- important for kids to understand. These are fantastic pose. I always ask teachers to focus on the philosophy teaching tools! behind why they are teaching something — is it just because it’s in their curriculum, or is there something more important to glean?

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 11 1960 1961 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968

World total fertility U.S. Congress Dwight D. President Johnson U.S. Congress UN Secretary World population Zero Population Ecologist Garrett rate peaks at 5 authorizes research Eisenhower and says he will “seek authorizes USAID General U ant growth rate peaks Growth (ZPG) is Hardin publishes children per woman on family planning Harry S. Truman new ways to use to manufacture proposes fund to at 2.1 percent per founded “ e Tragedy of the (today it is 2.5) and population become honorary our knowledge to and distribute assist countries in year (today it is 1.1 Commons” in Science • • • • • • • • • • • • • • issues chairmen of Planned help deal with the contraceptives population research, percent) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • World population • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Parenthood explosion in world training, and • • • • • • • • • • • • • • USAID makes UN declares, “ e reaches 3 billion President Kennedy population and the advising Stanford biologist rst purchase of ability to determine • • • • • • • • • • • • • • tells World Food growing scarcity of Paul Ehrlich contraceptives for the number and of FDA approves rst Congress that world resources” publishes Th e distribution in spacing of one’s birth control pill rapid population • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Population Bomb developing countries children is a basic growth is “too often USAID population • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • right” Family Planning the highest where and reproductive U.S. Congress President Nixon calls • • • • • • • • • • • • • • hunger is already the health program approves rst foreign population growth FDA approves rst for Our Future most prevalent” begins assistance for family “one of the most IUDs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • planning serious challenges Married couples • • • • • • • • • • • • • • to human destiny in obtain right to O ce of Population the last third of this use birth control, is established at century” thanks to Griswold v. USAID Connecticut Supreme Court case

Article by Stacie Murphy, Policy Director | Timeline design by Mali Welch

resident Dwight D. Eisenhower Democratic legislators shied away, how- passage of the Mutual Security Act, surely never intended to spark ever, deeming the topic “too sensitive” for which was signed into law in 1951 by a national debate about birth government involvement. President Harry S. Truman. The act Pcontrol. But in 1958, when he appointed authorized an ambitious foreign aid pro- General William H. Draper, Jr. to head National security concerns finally broke gram, devoting around $7.5 billion per the Committee to Study the United the taboo. Perhaps it’s not surprising, year to help poor countries with their States Military Assistance Program, he given that the modern concept of devel- economic, technical, and military devel- accidentally did just that. opment assistance was born in the early opment. The law was meant, said Rep. days of the Cold War. Helping countries James P. Richards, Chair of the House Awareness of global population growth develop, the theory went, would not only Foreign Affairs Committee, “not to fight as a pressing issue had already been per- benefit their citizens, it would also tie a war,” but “to prevent a war.” colating among demographers and other them more closely to the U.S. and limit social scientists for more than a decade. the influence of the Soviet Union. These In the years that followed, the act was After reaching 1 billion around 1800, new allies would, in turn, help protect renewed, but only after protracted squab- global population was about to reach an the United States and its interests. bling about the total amount of money estimated 3 billion in 1960. Alarmed by to be spent and the relative sizes of the projections about future growth and its This new thinking — that national secu- military and non-military aid pack- impacts, advocates began to approach rity was not only about military might ages. By 1958, concerns about waste and policymakers with proposals for United and physical protection, but that devel- effectiveness had grown to the point that States-funded family planning programs opment assistance could play a key role they could not be ignored. Eisenhower in the late 1950s. Both Republican and in creating a safer world — led to the tapped Draper, a retired Army major

12 Population Connection — June 2018 1960 1961 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968

Article by Stacie Murphy, Policy Director | Timeline design by Mali Welch

general, former U.S. ambassador, and longstanding personal interest in popu- economic development can fail to note early venture capitalist, with evaluating lation issues, stemming from his time in that development efforts in many areas the program and making suggestions for U.S.-occupied Japan immediately after of the world are being offset by increas- its improvement. World War II. He sought advice from ingly rapid population growth.” American population and family plan- In a letter to Draper after his appoint- ning advocates, and included a series One imagines Eisenhower was some- ment, Eisenhower wrote, “What is of strongly worded pro-family planning what nonplussed upon reading that needed from your committee is a recommendations in the final committee section of the report, which was imme- forthright evaluation of the extent to report. diately attacked by American Catholic which future military assistance can, leaders. The National Catholic Welfare by strengthening our friends and allies, The United States, the report said, should Conference (NCWC), a bishops’ asso- advance U.S. national security and for- be prepared to aid countries in creat- ciation, released a statement denouncing eign policy interests… I am especially ing plans to address rapid population the report as propaganda. interested in your committee’s criti- growth, as well as to increase assistance cal appraisal… of the relative emphasis for local family planning programs — In a sign of just how unclear the bat- which should be given to military and especially those relating to maternal tle lines were and how non-partisan economic programs, particularly in the and child welfare. The committee also the issue was at the time, Democratic less developed areas.” recommended that the U.S. explicitly then-Senator and presidential candi- include voluntary birth control programs date John F. Kennedy issued a press Eisenhower expected a list of cost- as part of its technical assistance pack- release agreeing with the NCWC state- cutting measures. But Draper had a ages, writing, “No realistic discussion of ment and opposing American aid for

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1969 1970 1972 1973 1974 1975 1978 1980

United Nations Earth Day is American Club of Rome Abortion becomes World population Dr. Albert Yuzpe, Loretta Lynn’s First home Smallpox is Fund for Population celebrated for rst agronomist Norman commissions Limits legal in all fty reaches 4 billion a Canadian OB/ country music song pregnancy testing kit o cially eradicated Activities (UNFPA) time Borlaug receives to Growth states, thanks to Roe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • GYN, studies the “ e Pill” is released is marketed worldwide becomes operational • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Nobel Prize for • • • • • • • • • • • • • • v. Wade Supreme 1974 is declared e ectiveness of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • President Nixon increasing world’s Birth control Court case World Population birth control pills First baby is born China enacts “one- World Bank establishes U.S. food supply with becomes legal in • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Year for emergency from use of in vitro child” policy Department of Environmental high-yield crops United States for Helms Amendment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • contraception fertilization (IVF) in Health, Nutrition, Protection Agency during “Green anyone, regardless of to 1961 Foreign World Population • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Oldham, England and Population is (EPA) Revolution” marital status, thanks Assistance Act is Conference UNFPA has 1,200 formed • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • to Baird v. Eisenstadt passed for the rst in Bucharest projects in 92 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Global ecological Title X family Supreme Court case time; it has been is attended by countries Ohio’s Cuyahoga footprint, a measure planning program • • • • • • • • • • • • • • interpreted as a representatives of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • River bursts into of human impact for low-income USAID’s O ce blanket prohibition 135 countries FDA suspends ames on the planet, is one Americans is created of Population barring U.S. foreign • • • • • • • • • • • • • • sale of Dalkon • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Earth* begins supporting assistance from being President Ford Shield IUD due to Eleven-day oil spill reproductive used to promote or tells attendees in infections and deaths in Santa Barbara, health training and fund abortion Bucharest that how CA, spews 200,000 Demographic and the world copes gallons of crude oil Health Surveys with its burgeoning into ocean, inspiring population is “vital Senator Gaylord to the future of Nelson to create mankind” Earth Day

family planning. Three candidates fight- Draper and other population activists, It was only under President Lyndon B. ing him for the Democratic nomination though, continued to push the issue. Johnson, however, that family planning (Adlai Stevenson, Stuart Symington, Although the Kennedy administration programs gained real traction. Public and Hubert Humphrey) all took the publicly held to the line it had set dur- attention to the issue of population opportunity to attack him for his stance. ing the campaign, private conversations growth had increased, and the recent Governors, mayors, and other public fig- with officials indicated some softening. introduction of a reliable oral contracep- ures from both sides of the aisle began The administration oversaw the passage tive meant there were now more options weighing in, along with other reli- of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, than ever for avoiding unwanted preg- gious groups and organizations such as which authorized research on family nancies. In his 1965 State of the Union Planned Parenthood. planning issues. Additionally, the new address, Johnson committed to seeking law removed responsibility for devel- “new ways to use our knowledge to help Unwilling to force an issue he hadn’t even opment programs from the military deal with the explosion in world popu- expected to be raised, Eisenhower finally sphere and established the United States lation and the growing scarcity in world disavowed the recommendation, telling Agency for International Development resources.” The first USAID programs reporters, “I cannot imagine anything (USAID). The new department, located focusing explicitly on family planning more emphatically a subject that is not a under the umbrella of the Department of began that year, with a total of around proper political or governmental activity State, cemented foreign aid as a priority $10.5 million spent by 1967. or function or responsibility.” Officially, of the federal government, independent family planning was off the table. of its national security implications. During the same time frame, Senator Ernest Gruening (D-AK), held a series of hearings in Congress dedicated to

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the issue of population growth. Early Population Activities (now the United technically prohibited. Part of President in the process, a letter from President Nations Population Fund, although the Johnson’s War on Poverty, the first offi- Eisenhower was read into the record. acronym remains UNFPA), founded in cially-sanctioned programs began in The former president expressed his sup- 1969, received bipartisan support from 1964, under the Economic Opportunity port for the hearings and admitted he the U.S. Congress. Indeed, in 1969, the Act. had erred by ignoring the issue during $4 million U.S. contribution to UNFPA his time in office. The letter read in part, accounted for roughly 80 percent of the On March 1, 1966, Johnson, in request- “If we now ignore the plight of those agency’s budget. United States bilateral ing a substantial funding increase for unborn generations, which, because of investments in international family plan- 1967, told Congress the programs were our unreadiness to take corrective action ning grew steadily throughout the 1960s necessary “to foster the integrity of the in controlling population growth, will be and early 1970s as well, reaching $100 family, and the opportunity for each denied any expectations beyond abject million per year in 1974. child.” He continued, “It is essential that poverty and suffering, then history will all families have access to information rightly condemn us.” Domestic family planning programs also and services that will allow freedom to flourished. Although there is evidence choose the number and spacing of their The Gruening hearings, along with the that some maternal and child health children within the dictates of individual publication of works like Paul Ehrlich’s programs had been quietly using federal conscience.” The Population Bomb and the founding funds for family planning efforts as far of organizations like ZPG, brought the back as 1942, the amounts were small, A change in administration only accel- issue of global population growth to the as these expenditures were not officially erated the growth of family planning forefront. The United Nations Fund for allowed — although neither were they programs, both international and

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1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

USAID issues HIV is rst International Scientists con rm United States World population Annual population Biologist E.O. World Population FDA approves policy paper identi ed Conference on hole in ozone layer withdraws all reaches 5 billion change peaks at 93 Wilson publishes Day ( July 11) is Norplant, six years stating that family • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Population is held in funding for UNFPA • • • • • • • • • • • • • • million (today it Biodiversity, bringing established after WHO planning programs Contraceptive Mexico City UNFPA changes its grows by about 83 attention to the • • • • • • • • • • • • • • will be based sponge is introduced • • • • • • • • • • • • • • name from United million people each rapid decline of Exxon Valdez oil on fundamental to American market President Reagan Nations Fund for year) plant and animal spill releases nearly principles of announces “Mexico Population Activities • • • • • • • • • • • • • • species 11 million gallons of voluntarism and City Policy,” aka to United Nations United Nations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • crude oil into Prince informed choice Global Gag Rule** Population Fund, Environment FDA approves William Sound in • • • • • • • • • • • • • • keeps original Program establishes Prentif cervical cap Alaska FDA approves acronym Intergovernmental • • • • • • • • • • • • • • distribution of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Panel on Climate World Wide Web, copper IUD International Change (IPCC) created by British • • • • • • • • • • • • • • community agrees to assess risks physicist Timothy WHO approves to phase out associated with Berners-Lee, Norplant chloro uorocarbon human-induced hearkens beginning contraceptive (CFC) production climate change of age of rapid global implant and use under communications and Montreal Protocol to networking halt growing hole in ozone layer

domestic. In July of 1969, President Only a little over a year later, he signed the use of U.S. funding for abortion “as Richard Nixon called for the creation of the Title X family planning program into a method of family planning.” The Hyde the Commission on Population Growth law, dedicating $6 million to the pro- Amendment, passed in 1976, similarly and the American Future, which would gram in 1971. The bill passed the Senate prohibits federal funding of abortion examine the potential impacts of popu- unanimously, and passed the House by through domestic programs, although lation growth — both in the United a vote of 298 to 32. Nixon noted the it does specifically contain an exception States and around the world — and extraordinary bipartisan support for the for pregnancies that threaten the life suggest ways the United States might program in his signing statement. of the woman. In 1993, a new version respond. At the same time, he called for of the amendment expanded the list of a dramatic expansion of birth control The 1973 Roe v. Wade Supreme Court exceptions to Hyde to include pregnan- access for American women, stating, “It decision heralded the first real signs of cies resulting from rape or incest. Helms, is my view that no American woman pushback for the reproductive rights however, continues to be interpreted as should be denied access to family plan- movement. Numerous advocates of prohibiting funding for abortion in all ning assistance because of her economic contraception — including Nixon — circumstances. condition. I believe, therefore, that we had already distanced themselves from should establish as a national goal the support for expanded access to legal Since the 1980s, the rise of the Religious provision of adequate family planning abortion. Opposition to federal fund- Right as a political force, along with services within the next five years to all ing for the procedure led to the passage the growing polarization of America’s those who want them but cannot afford of the 1973 Helms Amendment to the political parties, have radically altered them. This we have the capacity to do.” Foreign Assistance Act, which has been the landscape for America’s population interpreted as a blanket prohibition of and family planning programs. Hostility

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toward government programs generally the Mexico City Policy, which soon Upon assuming the presidency in 2017, and the consistent (and calculated) con- became known as the Global Gag Rule, Donald Trump moved immediately not flation of family planning with abortion and an anti-UNFPA policy later pack- only to reinstate the Global Gag Rule, have created a toxic environment. aged as an appropriations rider known as but to expand it. Although the policy the Kemp-Kasten Amendment. had previously applied only to family Beginning in 1980, family planning planning funds, Trump’s version applies programs were automatically on the The Global Gag Rule states that no for- to global health funding more broadly. chopping block for many Republican eign non-governmental organization Programs to combat HIV/AIDS, tuber- politicians. The Reagan administration may receive U.S. funds if it performs culosis, malaria, and even childhood pushed through cuts to the Title X bud- abortions, offers counseling or referral malnutrition have seen their funding get for the first time in the program’s for abortion, or engages in any political eliminated. history. Defenders of international fam- advocacy around the issue of abortion, ily planning were able to stave off similar even if it does so with its own, non-U.S. The Kemp-Kasten provision, included attacks, including a 1983 effort to zero out funds. It remained in place throughout in the foreign operations appropriations the program. When attempts to directly the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. bill every year since 1985, states that defund the program failed, the admin- Bush administrations, was rescinded by no U.S. funds are to go to any organi- istration tried another tack. During the President Clinton, reinstated by George zation that, in the determination of the International Conference on Population W. Bush, and removed again under president, “supports or participates in… in Mexico City in 1984, the Reagan President Obama. coercive abortion or involuntary steril- administration announced new policies ization.” Although ostensibly intended targeting international family planning: as a blanket protection not targeting

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1992 1993 1994 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

United Nations President Clinton International UN meeting results ParaGard copper World population World leaders President Bush ZPG changes USAID O ce Conference on rescinds Global Gag Conference on in Kyoto Protocol IUD is introduced reaches 6 billion convene at reinstates Global its name to of Population/ Environment and Rule Population and to address climate • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Millennium Gag Rule Population Reproductive Health Development (Earth Development change FDA approves FDA approves Summit to develop • • • • • • • • • • • • • • formally establishes Summit) takes place (ICPD) convenes in emergency rst progestin- Millennium MDGs are Connection Population- in Rio De Janeiro, Cairo contraception only emergency Development Goals announced; they • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Environment Brazil • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • contraception, (MDGs) do not include Essure female program so foreign • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Female condom Congress enacts Plan B • • • • • • • • • • • • • • reproductive health sterilization is aid for family Depo Provera becomes available in Tiahrt Amendment, World Bank • • • • • • • • • • • • • • introduced planning can be injectable drugstores in U.S. rea rming and endorses 1994 Cairo U.S. fails to ratify • • • • • • • • • • • • • • used “in areas contraceptive is elaborating voluntary Programme of Kyoto Protocol Manufacturer where population introduced standards for family Action • • • • • • • • • • • • • • withdraws Norplant growth threatens planning projects • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Hormonal patch is from market biodiversity or • • • • • • • • • • • • • • FDA approves rst introduced endangered species” WHO creates hormonal IUD, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Department of Mirena Vaginal ring is Reproductive Health introduced and Research

any particular program, in reality, the Funding levels have seen similar attacks. It remains to be seen where U.S. fam- Kemp-Kasten provision has never been After hitting their high-water mark in ily planning programs are headed in the invoked except to deny funding to fiscal year 1995, international family future. With high levels of unintended UNFPA. Republican presidents since planning funding declined throughout pregnancy — especially among young Reagan have uniformly determined that the George W. Bush administration, and low-income women — still occur- UNFPA’s work in China renders it ineli- before recovering somewhat during the ring in the United States, and with 214 gible for U.S. funding, despite the fact Obama years. The Trump administration million women with unmet need for that UNFPA does not perform or pro- took a page out of the Reagan playbook, family planning in the developing world, mote abortion anywhere in the world calling for the elimination of the pro- it’s clear the programs are still desper- and has been a leading critic of China’s gram in its first budget proposal. Title X ately needed. What’s less clear is whether human rights abuses in this area. has been under similar threat. the United States will, going forward, be there to answer the call.

Timeline sources WorldPopulationHistory.org, Population Education, 2015 Kirsten M.J. Thompson, “A Brief History of Birth Control in the U.S.” ourbodiesourselves.org, 2013 Jon Knowles, “A History of Birth Control Methods,” Planned Parenthood, plannedparenthood.org, 2012 “Family Planning Timeline,” U.S. Agency for International Development, usaid.gov, 2009 Rachel Sullivan Robinson, “UNFPA in Context: An Institutional History,” Center for Global Development: Working Group on UNFPA’s Leaderships Transition, cgdev.org, 2010 “100 years of Birth Control,” Planned Parenthood, plannedparenthoodaction.org, 2014

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“Magic Pill” Empowered Women, But Violated Rights of Vulnerable Groups During Development

t’s no exaggeration to say the modern world wouldn’t exist dinner party in New York. She’d already been dreaming of a without “the Pill.” Although condoms, cervical caps, and “magic pill” to prevent pregnancy for nearly 40 years, and the even an early form of the IUD were all in use in the first half former Harvard professor was exactly the kind of scientist she Iof the twentieth century — along with withdrawal and periodic believed could make it happen. He had a longstanding inter- abstinence (the “rhythm method”) — it was the introduction est in reproductive endocrinology and a marked disdain for of the first oral contraceptive that made the notion of “birth anyone who was squeamish about pushing ethical or scientific control” more than aspirational for many women. boundaries.

The birth control pill was a great step forward in contracep- Philanthropist (and MIT graduate) Katharine McCormick tive technology, allowing millions of women the kind of control had supported Sanger’s work for years — even funding her over their bodies never before seen in human history. But attempts in the 1920s to smuggle contraband diaphragms into there’s a dark irony to that triumph: It was achieved, in large the United States. McCormick wholeheartedly supported the part, through the exploitation of women’s bodies, particularly goal of inventing a birth control pill and stepped up to bankroll the bodies of disabled women and women of color. the majority of the project, eventually spending over $2 million — more than $20 million in today’s dollars. Margaret Sanger, Planned Parenthood founder, was already in her seventies when she met Dr. Gregory Pincus in 1951 at a

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2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2017 2018

Reproductive health FDA approves Total carbon President Obama MDG to extend World population Malaria prevention United Nations 29 megacities*** exist Trump defunds Trump targets are added to Implanon emissions from rescinds Global Gag access to safe reaches 7 billion e orts reduce Environment worldwide, more UNFPA and administration MDGs contraceptive developing nations Rule drinking water is • • • • • • • • • • • • • • incidence of disease Program releases than half (17) in imposes expanded proposes shifting • • • • • • • • • • • • • • implant exceed those of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • reached, ve years Lifestyle diseases are by 30 percent and report stating hole Asia version of Global Title X funds from FDA approves • • • • • • • • • • • • • • industrialized Improved female ahead of schedule a leading cause of mortality by nearly in ozone layer is • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Gag Rule contraceptives to return of Today Emergency countries condom is • • • • • • • • • • • • • • death in developed half since 2000 shrinking Atmospheric levels • • • • • • • • • • • • • • abstinence programs Sponge to U.S. contraception is • • • • • • • • • • • • • • introduced Global ecological nations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • of CO exceed 400 Trump’s scal year market approved for sale IPCC releases its • • • • • • • • • • • • • • footprint is 1.5 Skyla IUD is ppm at Mauna 2018 budget calls for over the counter to fourth assessment World hunger Earths (50 percent introduced Loa, HI, recording total elimination of those 18+ report, claiming reaches historic high larger than in 1970) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • station, making it international family • • • • • • • • • • • • • • human-caused of 1 billion people • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Plan B One-Step highest greenhouse planning funding Al Gore releases climate change is Deepwater Horizon becomes available gas concentration in An Inconvenient “unequivocal” Oil spill pours 4.9 over the counter 800,000–15 million Truth, bringing billion barrels of oil years international into Gulf of Mexico, attention to climate making it largest o - change shore oil spill in U.S. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • history China surpasses U.S. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • *An ecological footprint examines the rate at which we consume natural resources and generate waste and compares it to how fast nature can generate new resources and absorb our waste. as world’s largest FDA approves William Rees and Mathis Wackernagel at the University of British Columbia rst published an academic paper about the ecological footprint in 1992. carbon emitter (U.S. Ella emergency **A regulation that prohibits foreign nongovernmental organizations receiving USAID population assistance from using their own or other non-USAID funds to provide or promote abortion remains top carbon contraceptive pill as a family planning method. emitter per capita) ***Megacities are cities with at least 10 million residents.

Pincus recruited John Rock, a Catholic physician who was and provide a vaginal smear each day. Every month, they had to already experimenting with the use of hormones as a means submit to a painful and invasive exam in which their cervices of treating infertility, to join the project, and the two men got were dilated so that tissue from their uterine lining could be to work. Pincus began his experiments on mentally ill patients collected. Several underwent surgeries in which their abdomens at Massachusetts’s Worcester State Hospital. Claiming he was were opened so researchers could observe their ovaries in real testing the drugs’ “calming effects,” he gave patients early ver- time. Eventually, more than half quit the study — including sions of the pill, then cut into their uteruses to examine their some who left medical school altogether. ovulatory patterns. But Rock and Pincus got the data they wanted. They formu- Eventually, Pincus and Rock moved their experiments to lated a prototype pill, and then began recruiting local women Puerto Rico, where laws concerning birth control and patient as test subjects. Many of the women who took the drug did protections and disclosures were looser and they knew they so willingly, desperate for a reliable way to avoid pregnancy. could find a larger pool of test subjects. They began in 1955 Still, a significant number dropped out, reporting terrible with twenty female medical students in San Juan, who were side effects. Rock and Pincus ignored this, with Pincus telling told to participate in the trial or risk being expelled from the The New York Times in an interview many years later that the university. In addition to dealing with the side effects of the side effects ‘[w]ere largely psychogenic,” happening “because heavy doses of hormones (progestin and estrogen) they were women expect[ed] them.” taking, the women were required to record their temperatures

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2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2017 2018

In 1957, the FDA approved the first version of the pill, Enovid, horrifically unethical and clearly racist was, at the time, business for “menstrual regularity,” printing a warning on the side of the as usual. bottle that the drug was likely to prevent pregnancy — a wink and a nudge for doctors in states where birth control was still As those of us fighting for reproductive justice know, the echoes illegal. Finally, in 1960, Enovid was explicitly approved as a con- of that time still linger. We cannot change the past, but we can traceptive. The dosage (5mg of norethynodrel and 0.075mg of do better going forward. We can ensure that family planning mestranol) was many times higher than what is actually needed services are voluntary and that patients have complete informa- to prevent pregnancy. tion about potential side effects. We can offer consumers every type of approved contraceptive method so they can find the one All modern forms of hormonal birth control have their genesis that works best for them. And we can honor the contributions in the work done by Gregory Pincus and John Rock. The dos- of historic trailblazers while recognizing that they weren’t per- ages are lower and the delivery mechanisms are more varied, but fect, or even always altruistic in their motivations. the basic concept and function remain the same. And millions of women all over the world have benefitted. The problematic Family planning is undeniably one of the most important inven- nature of its development, however, cannot be overlooked. tions of the past hundred years. Its development was carried out in ways that would be totally unacceptable today, but its impact Pincus and Rock (and Sanger and McCormick) were products has been immeasurably positive and wide ranging. of their time and culture. Much of what is, to modern eyes,

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 21 Martha W. Chandler Theodore Einstein & Deborah RICHARD GROSSMAN Donald Charles Johnson “I have been concerned about Chris Chato Neil J. Elgee human population since 1960, and Gary Chenkin Charlotte A. Elleman was delighted to join ZPG in 1969. Edward Christie Denis A. & Mary Jill Elliott Belonging to that organization helped to legitimize my concern as well as to let David D. & Susan B. Clark Jack B. Elrick Jack Enterkine me know that there are others who share William H. Clarke that burden. That concern shaped my life Miles & Amy Epstein Celebrating Fifty Years of Jim Clemans — I became an obstetrician-gynecologist Bruce Collette Sarah Epstein to help people plan their families.“ Jerry Comer John F. Evans Grassroots Membership John P. Farkas Peter Connell Judith E. Gordon Edward S. Hochman Michael G. Farquhar John C. Cook Kim L. & Susan Graham John H. Hodge and Support Charles S. Faulkner II Robert C. Cooley Kenneth Granelli Leo & Doris Hoenig H. Kimball Faulkner David F. & Vicki S. Cooper James & Olive Greene Robert B. Hoke John Fayant E. Newbold Cooper Wayne W. Grody Marjorie M. Holland Norman Ferguson Kay H. Cooper Richard Grossman Joyce Homan As Population Connection marks its ﬁ ftieth year, we thank those of you who have Wayne C. Fields Jr. C. A. Corry David Gustafson Elizabeth Hood remained committed throughout our history — from the earliest days as Zero Population Gail Fiorelli Howard F. Coulter Bruce Guthrie Roger L. Hooke Lynne Firestone Growth until now! George M. Covington David J. Hagquist Jim & Alice Hooper Ann Fletcher Nancy Cox Paul D. & Diane Handley Richard A. Horvitz Samuel & Margaret Fogel The following listing celebrates current members whose records date back to our Bryan C. Crafts James F. Harper Marjorie Hoskinson Stephen P. Fortmann David C. Crafts Rosemary Harrell Gordon Hostetler earliest years. We are deeply grateful to you, and to all of our members who have Thomas E. Fortmann Gene & Marilyn C. Cripe Shirley Hasenyager Larry D. Hothem Merrill Foster sustained Population Connection’s mission over the decades. Thank you! Together, we Jim & Mary Crist Homer Hauke Carole Q. Howard Samuel & Roberta Francis Marilyn Crowell Mary Ellen Hausch Trudi G. Howell have made great progress and together we will overcome the challenges ahead. Lowell Frantz Jon R. Culbertson Glenn Havskjold Wayne & Carolyne Hudson Philip Friday Beatrice Abrams Jonathan S. Avery Marcia Blackmon Edward C. Brown Janet Curtis Evan B. Hazard Carl Huether Eugene P. Friedman Emory W. Ackley William J. Babcock Anthony G. Blake Jr. Marina Brown Jerome T. Czeikus Harvard K. Hecker Agnes Hughes Thomas H. Fritts Edward Eric Adams Kent P. Bach Marilyn Blumenthal Burton B. Bryan Peter & Elizabeth Cziffra Charles Hedberg Robert Hungerford Brent Froberg Mercedes M. Agogino Richard J. & Michelle Baie Philip Blumenthal Ruth Buneman Carol Dabbs William M. Heffron Roger A. Hunt Hugh F. Frohbach George Ainslie James H. Bair Richard & Carol Boardman William Burdick Jim Danielson Roberta Heintz David W. Inouye Ulys Gardella William P. Aldrich Larry Barazzotto Sharon Boatright George W. Burker W. Marshall & Pricilla Y. Darley Ruth B. Heller Shirley Ivy Gerald T. Gardner Daniel J. Alexander Ralph H. Barbee Ronald F. & Deanna Boddicker Edwin Burling Carole J. Davis George Helmholz Gary C. & Martha E. Jacobson Robert L. Garner Wanda B. Alexander Walter G. Barfield Dee Boersma Sigrid Burns Ronald B. & Shirley L. Davis John E. Hendrix Ellen Jagolinzer Richard L. & Lois Garwin Nicholas C. Alfieri Reginald Barrett Peter R. & Elaine Bono Eric Burr David Derrick Michael T. Henn Henry Jakubiak Glen & Chery Gebhart John W. & Edwina S. Allen Wayne Bartz Morrison Bonpasse Suzanne Butler Fred Dickson Lee A. Henrickson Joanne H. Jennings Lee George Sharon Allen Rod Basler Pirkko H. & Bradford Borland Greg & Diane Cailliet Ira M. Dinnes Deirdre M. Hensen Marilyn Johannesen Edward S. Gertler Roger R. Alm Steven R. Bates Lawrence A. Bouchard Oliver G. Cameron Winfred W. Doane Dealey D. Herndon Peggy Johnson Laurence N. Gillette Allen Altman Ralph F. & Janice Baxter Sefton Boyars Edward Caress David K. & Peggy Dodd R. H. Herron Susan Jennifer Johnson John W. Gintell Ernest Anderson John W. Beckley William Brabender Marilyn G. Carlson Julian & Katharine Donahue David A. Hill Hilda P. Jones John Giurgevich Gay R. Anderson Barbara & Henry E. Bender Jr. Wayne & Ann B'Rells Paul E. Carmony Millard Doster Thomas W. Hill Judith L. Jones Helen Gjessing Mary C. & Robert P. Anderson Jr. Phoebe Bender Michael Brenner & Naomi Harry Carter Paul R. Douglass Steven A. Hillyard Stephen M. Jones Myron Anderson W. Gerald & Jane A. Berg Buklad James R. Carter Warren F. Downs Anthony S. & Beverly-Ann J. Glockler Marian Himmelreich Charles R. & Sally Jorgensen Hector Andreos Frederick G. Bergmann John L. Brimhall Wendy A. Carvalho Robert H. Duemler Kialynn Glubrecht Tom & Arline Hinckley Henri Pell Junod Jr. Mary Lea Apple Sherri Berthrong Ralph & Jane Bristol Kathryn Catlin Gretchen Dumler Daniel B. Golas James Hinkel John & Cylia Kamp Ronald Arenson Vaughn Bidwell J. D. & Ann Brodie Gordon Cawood John A. Duncanson Jr. Howard N. Goldsmith John & Emy Hinnant Richard Kannisto Melissa Aronson Kenneth J. Bierman Gerald R. Brookman John T. & Theresa Cederholm Robert W. Easton Robert M. & Margaret L. Morris W. & Charity Hirsch Paul Kaplan Janet Asimov Helen C. Black Jean Browman Philip Chamberlain Miriam Efroymson Goodwin Alice Hirschfeld Paul & Lisa Kaplowitz Gerald J. Audesirk Thomas R. Blackburn Charla Brown William M. Chamberlain Paul & Anne H. Ehrlich John P. & Clare Gordon Eric Hirst Stanley Katz

22 Population Connection — June 2018 Martha W. Chandler Theodore Einstein & Deborah RICHARD GROSSMAN Donald Charles Johnson “I have been concerned about Chris Chato Neil J. Elgee human population since 1960, and Gary Chenkin Charlotte A. Elleman was delighted to join ZPG in 1969. Edward Christie Denis A. & Mary Jill Elliott Belonging to that organization helped to legitimize my concern as well as to let David D. & Susan B. Clark Jack B. Elrick Jack Enterkine me know that there are others who share William H. Clarke that burden. That concern shaped my life Miles & Amy Epstein Celebrating Fifty Years of Jim Clemans — I became an obstetrician-gynecologist Bruce Collette Sarah Epstein to help people plan their families.“ Jerry Comer John F. Evans Grassroots Membership John P. Farkas Peter Connell Judith E. Gordon Edward S. Hochman Michael G. Farquhar John C. Cook Kim L. & Susan Graham John H. Hodge and Support Charles S. Faulkner II Robert C. Cooley Kenneth Granelli Leo & Doris Hoenig H. Kimball Faulkner David F. & Vicki S. Cooper James & Olive Greene Robert B. Hoke John Fayant E. Newbold Cooper Wayne W. Grody Marjorie M. Holland Norman Ferguson Kay H. Cooper Richard Grossman Joyce Homan As Population Connection marks its ﬁ ftieth year, we thank those of you who have Wayne C. Fields Jr. C. A. Corry David Gustafson Elizabeth Hood remained committed throughout our history — from the earliest days as Zero Population Gail Fiorelli Howard F. Coulter Bruce Guthrie Roger L. Hooke Lynne Firestone Growth until now! George M. Covington David J. Hagquist Jim & Alice Hooper Ann Fletcher Nancy Cox Paul D. & Diane Handley Richard A. Horvitz Samuel & Margaret Fogel The following listing celebrates current members whose records date back to our Bryan C. Crafts James F. Harper Marjorie Hoskinson Stephen P. Fortmann David C. Crafts Rosemary Harrell Gordon Hostetler earliest years. We are deeply grateful to you, and to all of our members who have Thomas E. Fortmann Gene & Marilyn C. Cripe Shirley Hasenyager Larry D. Hothem Merrill Foster sustained Population Connection’s mission over the decades. Thank you! Together, we Jim & Mary Crist Homer Hauke Carole Q. Howard Samuel & Roberta Francis Marilyn Crowell Mary Ellen Hausch Trudi G. Howell have made great progress and together we will overcome the challenges ahead. Lowell Frantz Jon R. Culbertson Glenn Havskjold Wayne & Carolyne Hudson Philip Friday Beatrice Abrams Jonathan S. Avery Marcia Blackmon Edward C. Brown Janet Curtis Evan B. Hazard Carl Huether Eugene P. Friedman Emory W. Ackley William J. Babcock Anthony G. Blake Jr. Marina Brown Jerome T. Czeikus Harvard K. Hecker Agnes Hughes Thomas H. Fritts Edward Eric Adams Kent P. Bach Marilyn Blumenthal Burton B. Bryan Peter & Elizabeth Cziffra Charles Hedberg Robert Hungerford Brent Froberg Mercedes M. Agogino Richard J. & Michelle Baie Philip Blumenthal Ruth Buneman Carol Dabbs William M. Heffron Roger A. Hunt Hugh F. Frohbach George Ainslie James H. Bair Richard & Carol Boardman William Burdick Jim Danielson Roberta Heintz David W. Inouye Ulys Gardella William P. Aldrich Larry Barazzotto Sharon Boatright George W. Burker W. Marshall & Pricilla Y. Darley Ruth B. Heller Shirley Ivy Gerald T. Gardner Daniel J. Alexander Ralph H. Barbee Ronald F. & Deanna Boddicker Edwin Burling Carole J. Davis George Helmholz Gary C. & Martha E. Jacobson Robert L. Garner Wanda B. Alexander Walter G. Barfield Dee Boersma Sigrid Burns Ronald B. & Shirley L. Davis John E. Hendrix Ellen Jagolinzer Richard L. & Lois Garwin Nicholas C. Alfieri Reginald Barrett Peter R. & Elaine Bono Eric Burr David Derrick Michael T. Henn Henry Jakubiak Glen & Chery Gebhart John W. & Edwina S. Allen Wayne Bartz Morrison Bonpasse Suzanne Butler Fred Dickson Lee A. Henrickson Joanne H. Jennings Lee George Sharon Allen Rod Basler Pirkko H. & Bradford Borland Greg & Diane Cailliet Ira M. Dinnes Deirdre M. Hensen Marilyn Johannesen Edward S. Gertler Roger R. Alm Steven R. Bates Lawrence A. Bouchard Oliver G. Cameron Winfred W. Doane Dealey D. Herndon Peggy Johnson Laurence N. Gillette Allen Altman Ralph F. & Janice Baxter Sefton Boyars Edward Caress David K. & Peggy Dodd R. H. Herron Susan Jennifer Johnson John W. Gintell Ernest Anderson John W. Beckley William Brabender Marilyn G. Carlson Julian & Katharine Donahue David A. Hill Hilda P. Jones John Giurgevich Gay R. Anderson Barbara & Henry E. Bender Jr. Wayne & Ann B'Rells Paul E. Carmony Millard Doster Thomas W. Hill Judith L. Jones Helen Gjessing Mary C. & Robert P. Anderson Jr. Phoebe Bender Michael Brenner & Naomi Harry Carter Paul R. Douglass Steven A. Hillyard Stephen M. Jones Myron Anderson W. Gerald & Jane A. Berg Buklad James R. Carter Warren F. Downs Anthony S. & Beverly-Ann J. Glockler Marian Himmelreich Charles R. & Sally Jorgensen Hector Andreos Frederick G. Bergmann John L. Brimhall Wendy A. Carvalho Robert H. Duemler Kialynn Glubrecht Tom & Arline Hinckley Henri Pell Junod Jr. Mary Lea Apple Sherri Berthrong Ralph & Jane Bristol Kathryn Catlin Gretchen Dumler Daniel B. Golas James Hinkel John & Cylia Kamp Ronald Arenson Vaughn Bidwell J. D. & Ann Brodie Gordon Cawood John A. Duncanson Jr. Howard N. Goldsmith John & Emy Hinnant Richard Kannisto Melissa Aronson Kenneth J. Bierman Gerald R. Brookman John T. & Theresa Cederholm Robert W. Easton Robert M. & Margaret L. Morris W. & Charity Hirsch Paul Kaplan Janet Asimov Helen C. Black Jean Browman Philip Chamberlain Miriam Efroymson Goodwin Alice Hirschfeld Paul & Lisa Kaplowitz Gerald J. Audesirk Thomas R. Blackburn Charla Brown William M. Chamberlain Paul & Anne H. Ehrlich John P. & Clare Gordon Eric Hirst Stanley Katz

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 23 Ted & Larkelyn Keener R. Lea Lindley Harriet Mitteldorf Leonard F. Paur Jerry D. Tate Julia Weertman Karen Kees & Michael Fry June F. & James M. Lindsey Jr. Christine M. Moffitt John & Vicki Pearse MICHAEL KRAFT Bryce Templeton Robert Wehle Dennis G. & Joanne Keith Richard & Dorothy Lipsky Francine Moskovitz Russell H. Peebles ”You might say I am a lifelong member Gordon W. Tennett Jr. Carol Wehling Mildred M. Kellogg John & Danielle Lochhead John Muenchow Glen Pensinger of Population Connection. I remain as Anne Terborgh James & Karen L. Weidenheimer Charles Kendall Suzanne Loebl Joan Mukherjee W. C. Brian & Peggy Peoples concerned about population trends Clifford Terry Allen B. Weisse as ever, and as dedicated to making Mrs. Dooley S. Kiefer Michael D. Loges James J. Murray Jr. Lynnette M. Perkes Aija Thacher Robert B. Welch sure that we and other nations have Janet Kimball Shirley H. Lutz Patrick Judd Murray Wayne Persons the kinds of public policies that allow Barbara Thomas Stephen K. Welsh Kenneth Kimball Jane C. Lyman Frank L. Myers Dean & Karen Peterson individuals and families to reach their Virginia Thomas Tracey D. Wentz Jeanette King Joseph Malkevitch Jack C. Myers Shirley Petrich desired goals.“ Teresa Thompson Eugenie Werbel Norman R. & Rosemary L. King Norman Mandelbaum Jack D. Nadeau Robert W. Phelps William F. Thornton Charles Wettling Lawrence & Alice Kintisch Robert E. Manning William T. & Ann Naftel Robert Pickering Stanley Rosenfield Ruth L. Siteman Frank K. Thorp Gregory R. Wheeler James Kleinrath William Markowitz Kenneth M. Nagler Delano A. Pierce Gary Rosenshield Susan Smedberg David C. Thurow Thomas & Valerie Wheeler W. Dale Knutsen & Marjorie Raymond S. Martin Richard Navarro Laren Pitcairn Charles A. Ross Anthony Smith & Rosa Leader Thomas Tomlinson Carolyn M. White Yasueda Thomas J. & Debby Martin William Neilson Robert D. & Mary M. Place S. Ann Ross Bryce E. Smith William S. Tomljanovich Carolyn R. Whiting Phillip T. Kolbe Christopher & Catherine Ann P. Nelson William Potvin Catherine Z. Rossi George P. Smith Elaine Townsend Jo Lynne Whiting Ralph & Majorie Koldinger Mathews Bruce D. Nelson Frances G. Pratt William W. & Mia M. Rossiter James T. Smith Randall S. Tutor Rankin A. Whittington Anthony L. Komaroff & Lydia Cynthia S. Mathews Wayne & Carolyn H. Roth Jerry J. Smith Alexander C. Twining Andrew F. Wiessner Villa-Komaroff Wade Matthews ARTHUR & JANE RIGGS Noel B. Rowe S. Kirk Smith Robert Underhill Philip E. & Bonnie L. Wigen Dolores Koskey John Matzger “I think population growth and already Thomas Rubin Robert W. Snow John Ursu Louise M. Wilde Michael Kraft & Sandra Dorothy Mayer Simpson-Kraft too many people are the biggest Robert Rutemoeller & Mary Sue Paul E. Sobel Ruth Vail James T. Williams Alice B. McCauley Elliott Krefetz problems facing mankind, contributing Ittner James Solberg James Valentine Harvey & Lynda Willow Douglas & Sandra McClennen Karl K. Kresie to climate change, human and animal Patricia R. Ryan Victor M. & Susan Spadaccini Richard W. Van Alstyne L. Bruce Wilner W. H. McCornick habitat degradation, exhaustion of Oliver La Plant William N. Ryerson George Sparks Gerard J. Van Deene Judith B. Wilson James P. McDonald resources, and the challenge of moving T. C. Lacey Richard Salwitz Lawrence Spears Robert L. Van Houten Steven Wilson & Mary Lawler to a sustainable economy. There is no Alfred & Judith McDowell M. Sarty David Van Vleck Shedd Jan & John Lacher general good whatsoever to be gained Morton & Jo Ellen Spitz Thomas McKean Kathleen Saunders William John Wilson John Landers by continued population growth.“ Spotswood L. & Joanne Velma Vance C. David McKinnis Gene Witiak Coralie Lang Richard Schablowsky Spruance Glenn Vancise Adam & Nancy McLane Oliver & Helen Mag Wolcott Chadwick & Karen Lange J. William Nelson Philip Preston Karen Schaefer Alice & Fred Stanback Jr. Kathryn A. Wagner Jerry D. McPike Jeffrey Wolf Julian Langer Dale & Erika Nesbitt Donald Purinton Robert E. Schlegel Douglas O. Stark Harold Wahlborg Phillip H. Meade Carol J. Wolff Karen Latil Richard A. & Joan F. Newmark Fred & Marilyn Putz Lee Schmidt Bob Starr Jean E. Waldo Richard & Joan Meierotto Sandy George Lawrence Robert Z. & Nita Norman Robert B. Ramage Richard L. Schmitt Richard Stearns John K. Meinert Milton P. Lehman John North Paul F. Randel William Schoene Tyrone L. Steen ROBERT GOODWIN Ronald T. & Nancy Merrill Wendell A. Norvell George R. & Linda Rathbun William Scholten Beverly Stennett Edgar G. & Joyce Lehmann ”The logic is clear: Without some Thomas N. & Debra R. Metcalf Rebecca Schorr Carl W. Stephanus Scott K. & Rebecca T. Lehmann Mark Oberle Leon H. Rathbun limitation, we’re going to overrun our John S. Meyer George Leibson James P. O'Callaghan Myron H. Redford Michael & Stephanie Schultz David Stern planet. We have two choices: Ralph E. & Nancy A. Middleton Virginia M. Lepper Jan Oen & Don Thomspon Melinda H. Reed Martin L. Schwartz Robert L. Stevens We can either stabilize our David Mielke Delbert L. Lessor Avis Ogilvy George N. Reeke Eliot W. Scull Frances W. Stevenson population in a civilized and calm Edward H. Milch Robert L. Liberty Steven H. Olanoff David A. Remmele Peter Seidel David W. Stewart manner, or we can have conflict Frank & Nancy Miles and wars over resources. I prefer the William Z. Lidicker Jr. Peggy Olsen Richard L. Renfield William D. Selles Fred Stockwell Lee Miller & Pamela Long Population Connection route.” Jeffrey & Anita Liebman Donald L. Olson Roger Riffenburgh Elaine Sensiper William A. Stone Lincoln C. & JoAnne P. Miller Sandra Ong Arthur & Jane Riggs Richard Shanteau Lenox Stonehill Avi Ornstein Donna R. Ripley Jack Sharer David W. Stowe Mrs. Richard Walker Steven R. Woodbury ERIC HIRST Oliver Osborn Frederic Rissover Thomas W. & Clair A. Sharpless Richard Strandberg Dirk & Bonnie Walters William G. Yates “Population Connection is the only Stuart Oskamp Peck Ritter Jamie Shaw & Christopher Cope Florence M. Strang R. K. Warburton Anne Young & Jim Nielson national/international organization Mark Overs William C. Ritz Jerome Shedd & Lindi L. Burtney Robert Sullivan James G. Ward Jane B. Young with the competence and courage Gary C. Packard William & Ann Roha Marc A. Sheridan Carl & Tove Sunshine Robert B. Ward Sidney Zafran to address this critical set of issues. Larry Page Stuart Roll Willliam Sherman Jan H. Suwinski Nancy E. Warner Robert Zappala I very much appreciate its diverse Lavonne Painter William Romaine Michael Shoop & Joyce Prudden Susan Swift Douglas Wartzok Jerrold H. Zar approach, including outreach, Guido & Elizabeth N. Pantaleoni Paul Rondell Uldi Shvern Rowland W. Tabor Nick Waser & Mary Price Hershel Zellman education, and political advocacy.” L. M. Passano R. Dickinson Roop Roger K. Siegner R. Michael & Eileen Tanner Peter M. Waser Randall L. Ziglar

24 Population Connection — June 2018 Ted & Larkelyn Keener R. Lea Lindley Harriet Mitteldorf Leonard F. Paur Jerry D. Tate Julia Weertman Karen Kees & Michael Fry June F. & James M. Lindsey Jr. Christine M. Moffitt John & Vicki Pearse MICHAEL KRAFT Bryce Templeton Robert Wehle Dennis G. & Joanne Keith Richard & Dorothy Lipsky Francine Moskovitz Russell H. Peebles ”You might say I am a lifelong member Gordon W. Tennett Jr. Carol Wehling Mildred M. Kellogg John & Danielle Lochhead John Muenchow Glen Pensinger of Population Connection. I remain as Anne Terborgh James & Karen L. Weidenheimer Charles Kendall Suzanne Loebl Joan Mukherjee W. C. Brian & Peggy Peoples concerned about population trends Clifford Terry Allen B. Weisse as ever, and as dedicated to making Mrs. Dooley S. Kiefer Michael D. Loges James J. Murray Jr. Lynnette M. Perkes Aija Thacher Robert B. Welch sure that we and other nations have Janet Kimball Shirley H. Lutz Patrick Judd Murray Wayne Persons the kinds of public policies that allow Barbara Thomas Stephen K. Welsh Kenneth Kimball Jane C. Lyman Frank L. Myers Dean & Karen Peterson individuals and families to reach their Virginia Thomas Tracey D. Wentz Jeanette King Joseph Malkevitch Jack C. Myers Shirley Petrich desired goals.“ Teresa Thompson Eugenie Werbel Norman R. & Rosemary L. King Norman Mandelbaum Jack D. Nadeau Robert W. Phelps William F. Thornton Charles Wettling Lawrence & Alice Kintisch Robert E. Manning William T. & Ann Naftel Robert Pickering Stanley Rosenfield Ruth L. Siteman Frank K. Thorp Gregory R. Wheeler James Kleinrath William Markowitz Kenneth M. Nagler Delano A. Pierce Gary Rosenshield Susan Smedberg David C. Thurow Thomas & Valerie Wheeler W. Dale Knutsen & Marjorie Raymond S. Martin Richard Navarro Laren Pitcairn Charles A. Ross Anthony Smith & Rosa Leader Thomas Tomlinson Carolyn M. White Yasueda Thomas J. & Debby Martin William Neilson Robert D. & Mary M. Place S. Ann Ross Bryce E. Smith William S. Tomljanovich Carolyn R. Whiting Phillip T. Kolbe Christopher & Catherine Ann P. Nelson William Potvin Catherine Z. Rossi George P. Smith Elaine Townsend Jo Lynne Whiting Ralph & Majorie Koldinger Mathews Bruce D. Nelson Frances G. Pratt William W. & Mia M. Rossiter James T. Smith Randall S. Tutor Rankin A. Whittington Anthony L. Komaroff & Lydia Cynthia S. Mathews Wayne & Carolyn H. Roth Jerry J. Smith Alexander C. Twining Andrew F. Wiessner Villa-Komaroff Wade Matthews ARTHUR & JANE RIGGS Noel B. Rowe S. Kirk Smith Robert Underhill Philip E. & Bonnie L. Wigen Dolores Koskey John Matzger “I think population growth and already Thomas Rubin Robert W. Snow John Ursu Louise M. Wilde Michael Kraft & Sandra Dorothy Mayer Simpson-Kraft too many people are the biggest Robert Rutemoeller & Mary Sue Paul E. Sobel Ruth Vail James T. Williams Alice B. McCauley Elliott Krefetz problems facing mankind, contributing Ittner James Solberg James Valentine Harvey & Lynda Willow Douglas & Sandra McClennen Karl K. Kresie to climate change, human and animal Patricia R. Ryan Victor M. & Susan Spadaccini Richard W. Van Alstyne L. Bruce Wilner W. H. McCornick habitat degradation, exhaustion of Oliver La Plant William N. Ryerson George Sparks Gerard J. Van Deene Judith B. Wilson James P. McDonald resources, and the challenge of moving T. C. Lacey Richard Salwitz Lawrence Spears Robert L. Van Houten Steven Wilson & Mary Lawler to a sustainable economy. There is no Alfred & Judith McDowell M. Sarty David Van Vleck Shedd Jan & John Lacher general good whatsoever to be gained Morton & Jo Ellen Spitz Thomas McKean Kathleen Saunders William John Wilson John Landers by continued population growth.“ Spotswood L. & Joanne Velma Vance C. David McKinnis Gene Witiak Coralie Lang Richard Schablowsky Spruance Glenn Vancise Adam & Nancy McLane Oliver & Helen Mag Wolcott Chadwick & Karen Lange J. William Nelson Philip Preston Karen Schaefer Alice & Fred Stanback Jr. Kathryn A. Wagner Jerry D. McPike Jeffrey Wolf Julian Langer Dale & Erika Nesbitt Donald Purinton Robert E. Schlegel Douglas O. Stark Harold Wahlborg Phillip H. Meade Carol J. Wolff Karen Latil Richard A. & Joan F. Newmark Fred & Marilyn Putz Lee Schmidt Bob Starr Jean E. Waldo Richard & Joan Meierotto Sandy George Lawrence Robert Z. & Nita Norman Robert B. Ramage Richard L. Schmitt Richard Stearns John K. Meinert Milton P. Lehman John North Paul F. Randel William Schoene Tyrone L. Steen ROBERT GOODWIN Ronald T. & Nancy Merrill Wendell A. Norvell George R. & Linda Rathbun William Scholten Beverly Stennett Edgar G. & Joyce Lehmann ”The logic is clear: Without some Thomas N. & Debra R. Metcalf Rebecca Schorr Carl W. Stephanus Scott K. & Rebecca T. Lehmann Mark Oberle Leon H. Rathbun limitation, we’re going to overrun our John S. Meyer George Leibson James P. O'Callaghan Myron H. Redford Michael & Stephanie Schultz David Stern planet. We have two choices: Ralph E. & Nancy A. Middleton Virginia M. Lepper Jan Oen & Don Thomspon Melinda H. Reed Martin L. Schwartz Robert L. Stevens We can either stabilize our David Mielke Delbert L. Lessor Avis Ogilvy George N. Reeke Eliot W. Scull Frances W. Stevenson population in a civilized and calm Edward H. Milch Robert L. Liberty Steven H. Olanoff David A. Remmele Peter Seidel David W. Stewart manner, or we can have conflict Frank & Nancy Miles and wars over resources. I prefer the William Z. Lidicker Jr. Peggy Olsen Richard L. Renfield William D. Selles Fred Stockwell Lee Miller & Pamela Long Population Connection route.” Jeffrey & Anita Liebman Donald L. Olson Roger Riffenburgh Elaine Sensiper William A. Stone Lincoln C. & JoAnne P. Miller Sandra Ong Arthur & Jane Riggs Richard Shanteau Lenox Stonehill Avi Ornstein Donna R. Ripley Jack Sharer David W. Stowe Mrs. Richard Walker Steven R. Woodbury ERIC HIRST Oliver Osborn Frederic Rissover Thomas W. & Clair A. Sharpless Richard Strandberg Dirk & Bonnie Walters William G. Yates “Population Connection is the only Stuart Oskamp Peck Ritter Jamie Shaw & Christopher Cope Florence M. Strang R. K. Warburton Anne Young & Jim Nielson national/international organization Mark Overs William C. Ritz Jerome Shedd & Lindi L. Burtney Robert Sullivan James G. Ward Jane B. Young with the competence and courage Gary C. Packard William & Ann Roha Marc A. Sheridan Carl & Tove Sunshine Robert B. Ward Sidney Zafran to address this critical set of issues. Larry Page Stuart Roll Willliam Sherman Jan H. Suwinski Nancy E. Warner Robert Zappala I very much appreciate its diverse Lavonne Painter William Romaine Michael Shoop & Joyce Prudden Susan Swift Douglas Wartzok Jerrold H. Zar approach, including outreach, Guido & Elizabeth N. Pantaleoni Paul Rondell Uldi Shvern Rowland W. Tabor Nick Waser & Mary Price Hershel Zellman education, and political advocacy.” L. M. Passano R. Dickinson Roop Roger K. Siegner R. Michael & Eileen Tanner Peter M. Waser Randall L. Ziglar

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 25 PopEd and Pam Wasserman: Thirty Years Together Pam has worked at ZPG/Population Connection for thirty years, and has guided PopEd to become the program it is today. Another longtime staff member, Lee S. Polansky, interviewed her on the program’s evolution since its founding in 1975.

What is your background and and protect species. The time was ripe — around teaching population and envi- how did you come to work at for all sorts of environmental studies, ronmental topics. When I started here, Zero Population Growth? including human ecology. it was the Reagan-Bush era with the Before I entered the “population world,” so-called “Moral Majority,” and some I had a strong interest in women’s repro- In the early years, the PopEd program teachers and administrators probably ductive health. I had volunteered at primarily developed curriculum for the shied away from including anything they women’s clinics in the U.S. and the U.K. classroom — books and kits. We also had might deem controversial. (Marie Stopes International), and written the original version of World Population my senior thesis at Brown University on (the “dot” movie) on 16 mm film! That Even so, we always found a place for our Margaret Sanger. I was also really drawn was produced in 1973. curriculum to fit K-12 needs, then and to working in education, but wasn’t sure now. The teacher associations (National exactly how. My academic background is There was originally a staff of one, so Science Teachers Association, National in American Studies, with a focus on our the outreach to teachers was limited at Council for the Social Studies, etc.) country’s educational system. first. The same staffer who started ZPG’s were receptive to including our mate- program also developed some curricula rials at their conferences and in their An opportunity to be a fellow at The for Population Reference Bureau in the journals. Once we found supportive edu- Population Institute after college got me 1970s. When I joined PopEd in the late cators who liked what we were doing, we interested in population issues — both 1980s, there were two of us running the built on that and continued to cultivate the social aspects and the environmental program for about five years, until we relationships. connections. Once the fellowship ended, secured enough funding to begin grow- I knew I wanted to stay in the popula- ing the program. Any memorable anecdotes tion field, and soon found myself at Zero from the early days? Population Growth. How did schools receive Here’s one that’s actually not specific to PopEd in those days? PopEd: In 1989, after just a year working Please describe some of I feel like I’ve been working on these at ZPG, I was assigned to write a book- PopEd’s history. issues long enough to see cycles — both in let on people’s choices to have one or ZPG started a Population Education education and the larger political climate no children. It was titled “Planning the program in 1975. The thinking behind it was that young people needed to understand population dynamics and environmental connections in order to make responsible decisions as future vot- ers, leaders, and, possibly, parents. This was a time when environmental studies were starting to come into their own in K-12 and university curriculum. People were talking about ecological concepts like “limits to growth” and carrying capacity in nature. This was also soon after milestone legislation was passed in the U.S. to clean up our air and water, Pam leading an activity at last summer’s PopEd Leadership Institute in 26 Population Connection — June 2018 Arkansas Ideal Family.” Originally, it was designed face-to-face interactions with educa- three websites, one of which is an inter- to validate our supporters’ life choices tors. We also put an emphasis now on active, multi-media site that lets the user with information dispelling myths about workshops for university students who explore hundreds of locations and his- “only children” and “childfree” couples. are preparing to become teachers. That torical milestones to better understand Back then, these were hot button top- way, we reach diverse audiences of young our population history, present, and ics. I wound up on live TV talk shows, adults who are just starting to think future (WorldPopulationHistory.org). including one moderated by Matt Lauer about how to engage children and teens We’ve also engaged students directly in (before his Today Show fame, and on important global issues. using new media with our World of 7 #metoo movement downfall). Audience Billion annual student video contest. members yelled things at me like, “An I also think that some educational trends only child is a lonely child!” (Incidentally, have caught up to us in more recent years. We’re always fine-tuning our model for I later became the mother of an “only,” For instance, the new Next Generation workshops and trying to provide more who is certainly not lonely.) Science Standards (NGSS), which have of them in school districts, on university been adopted by most states, really stress campuses, and at all sorts of professional One of my fond PopEd memories, from teaching human-environmental impacts. development conferences where teach- 22 years ago, is being invited by an NGO There are also now two Advanced ers gather. For those who can’t get to one in Tokyo to visit Japan one summer and Placement (AP) courses in high schools in person, we have an online course that present professional development work- across the nation that devote substantial educators can take for graduate credit. shops for teachers and youth workers course time to population studies: AP throughout the country. They translated Environmental Science and AP Human I’ve been really fortunate to work our high school materials into Japanese Geography. We were teaching about with some exceptional colleagues over prior to my visit. It was eye-opening to sustainability before that term was even the years who bring fresh ideas and see how our curriculum would adapt to used widely in the educational commu- approaches to the program. There are another setting. nity, like it is now. currently eight staff in the PopEd program, and we’re planning to expand later How did PopEd become the How do you feel PopEd has this year. juggernaut it is now? changed since the program’s One of the best decisions was starting beginnings? What are your hopes for our PETNet (Population Education Many of the themes in our curricula have PopEd’s future? Trainers Network — see article on page endured: We still teach about population Even though we’ve been going strong for 7). With a small staff, we knew the best fundamentals like birth/death/fertility over 40 years, there are always new teach- way to expand our outreach significantly rates, demographic transitions, and all ers who aren’t familiar with our work and was to enlist the help of some of the things that impact people’s family size students who don’t yet make the “popu- nation’s best educators to represent us decisions. We also still stress the basics lation connection.” So, I’m hoping we in their local areas. Our first Leadership of human-environmental impacts. Some can continue to expand our outreach and Institute was held in 1990 for the original of these impacts (like climate change) we continue to prepare a population-literate group of about twenty volunteer train- started teaching back in the early 1990s, electorate. ers. The program took off and became but now the preponderance of data and an annual event to train more lead- observations make it a more critical part I’m really impressed by the current gen- ers. Today, there are over 650 PETNet of our work. eration of students I meet. They seem members and they present about three- engaged in the world around them and quarters of all of our workshops. There are other population/environ- interested in becoming good environmental topics that are newer to our mental stewards. I think our classroom Professional development workshops curriculum, like fracking, the growth resources have real potential to inform became the cornerstone of our pro- of megacities, and aquifer depletion. and inspire them. gram. While teachers around the world We’ve also changed with the times on have access to our materials through our the informational platforms we use. Our websites, there’s still no substitute for materials are now disseminated across www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 27 From Apathy to Action

Population Connection’s Millennial Staff Members Share Their Inspirations and Intentions By Lee S. Polansky, Senior Director of Executive Initiatives and Special Projects

opulation Connection got its start in education and activism through the work of young people on college campuses in the Plate 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States was roiled by social changes and environmental catastrophes. Our curiosity was piqued at the idea that today’s young people — millennials (the generation currently aged 22-37) — might have a take on the role of Population Connection and the importance of our work that’s different from those who founded the movement fifty years ago. Fortunately, we have many millennials working here in the Population Connection office in Washington, D.C. I asked a number of them — Ben Allen, Kate Anderson, Lindsay Apperson, Marcella Cage, Isabelle Rios, and Lauren Salmiery — to join me around the conference room table for some bagels and conversation. After talking with these young people, I can say with confidence that their generation is the most politically active since the 1960s. They understand how important population stabilization is to the survival of our species and the environment, and Lauren Salmiery how it intersects with other social justice issues. addresses They “walk the walk and talk the talk,” living their participants at Capitol Hill lives in ways that reflect their progressive values of Days 2018 fairness, equity, and respect for others.

28 Population Connection — June 2018 Left: Lindsay Apperson at Capitol Hill Days 2017 | Above: Marcella Cage in the Population Connection office in D.C.

We opened our conversation by shar- special niche in this field, working at the nuanced, and don’t lend themselves to ing how we talk about Population intersection of public policy, grassroots “black and white” solutions. Connection and its mission and pro- advocacy, and education. Because of this, grams to friends and family. Several staff we’re able to spread our message widely Finding Their Way to pointed out that people who are unfa- and reach diverse communities.” Population Connection miliar with demographic trends don’t Our interviewees discovered Population know why there’s a need to stabilize the Our millennial staffers don’t shy away Connection through various means. population, and don’t realize that popula- from the negative aspects of the history Advocacy Fellow Marcella Cage had tion growth has a negative impact on the of the population movement. Most have recently earned her Master’s degree in planet and the other species that share it had friends and colleagues immediately Applied Global Practice when she lis- with us. Population Education Associate connect the word “population” with tened to a TED Talk by Hans Rosling Isabelle Rios likes to ask the person she’s “population control.” Field Coordinator (1948–2017), a Swedish physician and speaking with to guess how many people Lauren Salmiery says, “I really try to academic who used statistics to illustrate live on Earth. They are often shocked, emphasize the voluntary aspect of global population growth and other indi- she says, to learn that the current popu- access to reproductive rights.” Ben adds, cators of health and development. That lation is estimated at 7.6 billion, and that “People are often discomfited by even TED Talk left her wanting to learn more the median projection going out to 2050 the word ‘population,’ but I think we’re about the intersection between inter- is 9.8 billion. turning that perception on its head, and national development and population slowly making these issues familiar and dynamics. She went “down the rabbit Others emphasize the reproductive mainstream in a productive way.” hole” of YouTube videos about popula- rights work of the organization. “I talk tion issues, which included a viewing of a lot about the environmental and sus- Depending on the program they are the famous Population Connection “dot tainability issues. And when I explain to working in, advocacy or education, our video.” people that when you give women the millennials tend to approach population rights they deserve, fertility rates natu- issues from either the environmental or “When I went to the Population rally go down, they have that light bulb the reproductive rights perspective. But Connection website,” she says, “I saw moment, connecting the environment all of them understand that population a lot about women’s rights and access and women’s rights,” says Ben Allen, is at the center of both perspectives. They to contraceptives.” Marcella saw that Senior Education Fellow. “We have a also realize that population issues are the organization’s values aligned with www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 29 her own, and remembers thinking that St. Petersburg, Florida, when we moved Population Connection was “cool.” She there. It gave me a global perspective that applied for (and was offered) the fellow- not everyone lives the same.’ ” But, she ship position last fall. says, she didn’t make the environmental connection to rapid population growth Lauren Salmiery says she’s always for a long time. That is, until courses she been interested in reproductive rights, took in college on natural resources, the “pretty much forever.” Lauren first environment, and climate change led her learned about human population pres- to realize that “the missing piece was sures on the environment as a student at people and population growth.” American University, when she took the course “The Honeybee and International Isabelle learned about Population Relations.” The course examined the Connection when John Seager spoke at relationship between bees and, among a GreenDrinks event in North Carolina, other things, the environment and where she was working for AmeriCorps. Clockwise from top left: Isabelle Rios sustainability, and brought home the John’s talk reinforced the “population demonstrates the PopEd activity “The importance of protecting environmental connection” for her and raised the pos- Stork and the Grim Reaper,” where students see how populations grow resources for future generations. sibility that she could address her social when the birth rate exceeds the death and environmental concerns at one rate. | Kate Anderson demonstrates the Isabelle Rios spent her childhood sum- organization. PopEd activity “Earth: The Apple of mers in the mountains in South America, Our Eye,” which illustrates the limited farmland available on Earth | Ben mostly in Ecuador. “Just seeing what life A presentation by John Seager was Ben Allen has been with PopEd as a fellow was like there, I thought, ‘This is really Allen’s first exposure to the connection for the past year. different from my life in Brooklyn or between population growth and global

30 Population Connection — June 2018 testing on maternal health, which made t was so awesome to her more interested in reproductive “I rights within that. A class on sexuality and citizenship that was activism based learn about empowering and focused on reproductive and child rights piqued her interest in the subjects women and helping the even more. Lindsay describes her search for an Earth. It’s a win-win organization that addressed all of her primary interests: “I was really interested in international health and situation.” reproductive rights, and international – Kate Anderson development, in general. I was also really interested in grassroots activism. Population Connection is one of the only organizations where I can work on an international issue through domestic problems as well, in an evolutionary Ben, Kate found her study abroad during grassroots activism.” anthropology class at Duke University. college to be an enlightening experi- He recalls, “I became very enchanted ence. Living in Madagascar, she says, “I Lindsay notes, “I feel like my generation with the idea of coming at environmen- saw firsthand that there was a really high was kind of apathetic; we’ve had so much tal questions from a different angle and a fertility rate, and not many opportunities congressional gridlock that it feels like systemic level. I was already interested in for people — especially women.” we can’t really do anything. Millennials environmental issues.” were pretty complacent until the last Kate witnessed the real impacts of high election, and that kind of woke people During his year abroad in South Africa, fertility when she and her colleagues up. We’re seeing that we have to really Ben “saw a host of conservation issues in would drive down the road and see for- stand up for these causes.” and around the national park that were ests burning to make space for cattle. She deeply tied with the social issues of the worked in a fishing village during that A Promising Future area.” These real life examples of the time, with a mentor who talked about Young adults have always been the “connection between the health, rights, the difficulty women had in access- trendsetters, founding movements and and property of these communities,” and ing contraceptives. She realized that setting the tone for social change. With the conservation work at hand, made rapid population growth was connected ZPG/Population Connection it has been him “think more and more about the not only with forest clearing for cattle, no different. When they were in their human ties and the effects of humans on but with women’s reproductive health twenties, baby boomers spearheaded the environment.” He quickly made the and rights. She says that she came to the zero population growth movement. switch from thinking about a career in Population Connection because of her Millennials now in their twenties are academia to one in environmental edu- interest in the environment, but that it’s continuing it forward, putting human cation and advocacy. really important not to do just environ- rights at the center of the work. We ment or reproductive rights and health. couldn’t be more proud to have this fine Education Program Associate Kate group of young adults engaging our Anderson learned how the human pop- Field Organizer Lindsay Apperson was activists, educating the country’s K–12 ulation interacts with the environment involved in politics during her college students on population concepts, and in a high school AP science class. She career, as a supporter of nuclear non- representing Population Connection at remembers, “It was so awesome to learn proliferation and farm workers’ rights. conferences, festivals, and congressional about empowering women and helping Through a storytelling project, she raised meetings. the Earth. It’s a win-win situation.” Like awareness about the impact of nuclear www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 31 otal Population

2 Total Population (billions) Population Total e data trends since our founding as PG 0 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2014 2018 World Less Developed Regions ata trends can enlighten and inform, and they can also confuse and confound. In this feature, we’ll D take a look at some of the most relevant trends to our mission to stabilize human population. We’ll explore which ones are improving and which ones still need to be turned around. Let’s start with the most basic concept: the growth in total population. You can see that the • • • • • • world population has more than doubled in the last half-century, from 3.6 billion in 1968 to 7.6 billion today. Nearly all — 99 percent — of global population growth is occurring in All data in the following charts is from the United Nations’ World Population Prospects: Th e less developed countries. 017 Revision, unless otherwise noted.

32 Population Connection — June 2018 Text by Marian Starkey | Design by Mali Welch otal Population

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 33 • • • • • • E D RED E R DG PG

EE BR RE 90.0 MER MR

1,000 67.5

750 45.0 Ages 15–19Ages 500 22.5 Births per 1,000 Women Births per 1,000

250 0 Deaths Due to Complications From Pregnancy or Childbirth Pregnancy From (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births)(maternal deaths per 100,000 live

0 1965–1970 1970–1975 1975–1980 1980–1985 1985–1990 1990–1995 1995–2000 2000–2005 2005–2010 2010–2015 2015–2020 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Source: UNICEF

e teen birth rate has been declining along with the total fertility rate. When girls delay motherhood until they’ve nished school and started careers, they prevent undue stress on their MR

bodies and give themselves a leg up in setting an empowered course for their lives. 120 e most immediate bene ts that accompany lower fertility are reductions in maternal and infant mortality. Preventing pregnancy in girls who are too young or in women who are too old or have health conditions that make pregnancy and childbirth more dangerous removes the risk to women’s 90 lives that pregnancy presents.

Spacing births farther apart allows women’s bodies time to recover between childbirth and another 60 pregnancy. It also improves infant health outcomes because there’s less competition between children for breast milk and other nutritional and health resources. (per 1,000 births) 30

0 World Deaths to Infants in First 12 Months Less Developed Regions Sub-Saharan Africa United States of America 1965–1970 1970–1975 1975–1980 1980–1985 1985–1990 1990–1995 1995–2000 2000–2005 2005–2010 2010–2015

34 Population Connection — June 2018 • • • • • • E D RED E R DG PG

EE BR RE 90.0 MER MR

1,000 67.5

750 45.0 Ages 15–19Ages 500 22.5 Births per 1,000 Women Births per 1,000

250 0 Deaths Due to Complications From Pregnancy or Childbirth Pregnancy From (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births)(maternal deaths per 100,000 live

0 1965–1970 1970–1975 1975–1980 1980–1985 1985–1990 1990–1995 1995–2000 2000–2005 2005–2010 2010–2015 2015–2020 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Source: UNICEF

e teen birth rate has been declining along with the total fertility rate. When girls delay motherhood until they’ve nished school and started careers, they prevent undue stress on their MR bodies and give themselves a leg up in setting an empowered course for their lives. 120 e most immediate bene ts that accompany lower fertility are reductions in maternal and infant mortality. Preventing pregnancy in girls who are too young or in women who are too old or have health conditions that make pregnancy and childbirth more dangerous removes the risk to women’s 90 lives that pregnancy presents.

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 35 • • • • • • E D RED E R DG PG

RE over RB EM arbon EM PER P

4,200,000 10,000 10,000

4,125,000 7,500 7,500

4,050,000

5,000 5,000 3,975,000 Higher than 5m and Higher than 5m and Canopy Cover > 10% Cover Canopy 2,500 3,900,000 (million metric of C) tons 2,500 From Fossil Fuels, per capita Fuels, Fossil From Land Spanning > 0.5ha with Trees Trees Land Spanning > 0.5ha with 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 Metric Tons of Carbon Emissions of Carbon Emissions Tons Metric 0 0 Total Carbon Emissions From Fossil Fuels Fuels Fossil CarbonFrom Emissions Total 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 resh WER 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012

16,000 GB EMPERRE 12,000 1

8,000 0.75 (m3 per capita)

Total Renewable Renewable Total 4,000

Fresh Water Resources Resources Water Fresh 0.5

0 0.25

0 Average Temperatures Average 1963–1967 1968–1972 1973–1977 1978–1982 1983–1987 1988–1992 1993–1997 1998–2002 2003–2007 2008–2012 2013–2017 Change in Global Surface in Global Surface Change

Temperature Relative to 1951-1980 to 1951-1980 Relative Temperature -0.25 Despite these positive trends, the continued growth in the population causes environmental problems

to accelerate. Forests are lost to agriculture, grazing, and development. Fresh water per capita is reduced. 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 Carbon emissions and the global temperature grow to dangerous levels, even while carbon emissions per capita remain steady or decline.

Overconsumption by those in wealthy countries is mostly to blame, and we must do better. But sheer World numbers of people matter too, even when their consumption levels are very low.

Ending population growth through voluntary reductions in fertility, which have endless health and societal Sources bene ts, would be a boon to the preservation of our fragile environment and would ensure that natural Forest Cover and Fresh Water: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Total Carbon Emissions and Carbon Emissions per capita: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) resources were protected for many generations to come. Global Temperature: NASA/GISS

36 Population Connection — June 2018 • • • • • • E D RED E R DG PG

RE over RB EM arbon EM PER P

4,200,000 10,000 10,000

4,125,000 7,500 7,500

4,050,000

16,000 GB EMPERRE 12,000 1

8,000 0.75 (m3 per capita)

Total Renewable Renewable Total 4,000

Fresh Water Resources Resources Water Fresh 0.5

0 0.25

Temperature Relative to 1951-1980 to 1951-1980 Relative Temperature -0.25 Despite these positive trends, the continued growth in the population causes environmental problems

Overconsumption by those in wealthy countries is mostly to blame, and we must do better. But sheer World numbers of people matter too, even when their consumption levels are very low.

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 37 w

ie Allies Fight Back as Attacks on V Reproductive Rights Intensify By Stacie Murphy, Policy Director ashington W

f 2018 were a typical year, the pace Collins (ME) and Lisa Murkowski (AK). codifying it. In this political climate? of business in Washington would The Senate is unlikely to make another We’ll take it. slow as summer approached, with attempt at passing the bill this year, but Imembers of Congress turning their Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC), the State Department Shake-Up attention to their reelection campaigns. lead sponsor of the bill, told supporters, After months of speculation and a If we’ve learned anything from the “[W]e will be back for another day… It’s publicly deteriorating relationship Trump administration, though, it’s that just a matter of time before we get there.” between the White House and the State there’s nothing typical about it. Twenty states currently have similar bans Department, Secretary of State Rex on the books, although several are not in Tillerson was unceremoniously fired — 20-Week Abortion Ban “Will effect while they are being challenged in via Twitter, if reports are to be believed Be Back” court. — on March 13. At the same time, Back in October, the House of Donald Trump announced the nomina- Representatives passed the dubiously- Budget Battle Comes to a Close tion of CIA Director Mike Pompeo as named Pain-Capable Unborn Child After a protracted budget process — one his replacement. Protection Act, which bans abortion that included two brief government shut- after twenty weeks of pregnancy on downs and five short-term continuing Even aside from the obvious perceptual the scientifically-disputed premise that resolutions — Congress finally passed a problem with making the nation’s spy a fetus can feel pain at that point in its budget for fiscal year 2018 in late March. chief its top diplomat, Pompeo is a ter- development. The bill contains limited International family planning fared sur- rible choice for the job. He is a torture exceptions for pregnancies resulting prisingly well, maintaining level funding apologist, an anti-Muslim bigot, and has from rape or incest and for life endan- at $610 million, with $32 million of that next to no experience with foreign policy. germent. It does not, however, make appropriated for the United Nations any exception for fetal malformations or Population Fund (UNFPA). However, Before becoming Trump’s Director of cases where the pregnancy endangers a with the Kemp-Kasten determination the CIA, Pompeo was a Republican woman’s health. in effect, the money will not be released House member from Kansas, with a long to UNFPA. Instead, it will be redirected record on family planning and women’s After passing in the House, 237–189, to other “women’s health programming.” health. That record is, in a word, atro- the bill moved to the Senate, which Dueling provisions in the House and cious. He has called the Roe v. Wade held a procedural vote on January 29. Senate versions of the bill also led to a decision “one of the worst decisions of The mostly party line vote failed, 51–46, status quo outcome on the Global Gag our United States Supreme Court.” He with Democrats Joe Manchin (WV), Rule. Although Senate language per- is a supporter of “personhood” legisla- Joe Donnelly (IN), and Bob Casey (PA) manently repealing the policy was not tion, which would not only ban abortion, joining all but two Republicans in voting adopted, neither was House language but would also grant constitutional yes. Those GOP holdouts were Susan rights to fertilized eggs and make some

38 Population Connection — June 2018 forms of birth control illegal. He even abstinence from sexual activity as one must “clearly communicate that teen sex explicitly opposes access to abortion in option, they also discuss birth control is a risk behavior for both the physical cases of rape. and disease prevention. consequences of pregnancy and sexual transmitted infections; as well as socio- As Secretary of State, he could be disas- In 2016, the U.S. teen pregnancy rate logical, economic, and other related trous for women and families around the hit an all-time low. Donald Trump risks.” It also says, “Both risk avoidance world. Dozens of reproductive rights and Mike Pence are apparently set on and risk reduction approaches can and groups opposed the nomination, citing reversing the trend. Supporters of com- should include skills associated with his extreme stances and pointing out that prehensive programs have been under no helping youth delay sex as well as skills as Secretary of State, Pompeo could have illusions about the likely direction of sex to help those youth already engaged in influence on the scope and implementa- ed programs under this administration. sexual risk to return toward risk-free tion of policies like the Global Gag Rule. Anti-choice activist and birth control choices in the future.” skeptic Teresa Manning and longtime Initially, it seemed the Pompeo nomi- abstinence-only advocate Valerie Huber Sen. Patty Murray (D-WA), Ranking nation might not even make it out of became the top officials in the Office of Member of the Senate Health, committee. All Democrats on the Senate Population Affairs at the Department Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Foreign Relations Committee opposed of Health and Human Services (HHS). Committee, said it best in her statement the nomination, along with Republican And last summer, 81 groups receiving condemning the change: committee member Rand Paul (KY). funding under the old TPP model were But Paul changed his stance at the last notified that their grants were being ter- Both Democrats and Republicans minute, and the nomination passed. minated two years early. have supported investing in evidence- based approaches to preventing teen The nomination was rushed to the Senate I reported on Manning’s abrupt (and still pregnancy, so it is disappointing floor less than a week after the commit- unexplained) departure in our last issue. — and deeply concerning — that tee vote, and Pompeo was confirmed on Huber, who stepped into the top role on the Trump-Pence administration is April 26 by a vote of 57– 42. an acting basis, is still there, and is now doing everything it can to undermine the final arbiter of which teen pregnancy these investments in ways that take Abstinence-Only is Back prevention programs receive federal us in the absolutely wrong direction President Obama’s Teen Pregnancy funding. In late April, the administra- on this issue. These changes show Prevention program (TPP), first funded tion announced what those programs yet again that the Trump-Pence in 2010, supported evidence-based, will look like. administration’s priority is imposing scientifically- and medically-accurate, its extreme, backwards ideology, no comprehensive sex education pro- The HHS announcement says that in matter what that means for women, grams. Although such programs include order to qualify for funding, programs families, and communities. www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 39 Capitol Hill Days 2018: An “Empowering” and “Revolutionary” Experience utreach Photos by Bill Petros | Captions by Marcella Cage, Field Fellow & O ield F

“Thank you so much for such ver the weekend of March 16–19, nearly an action-packed and inspiring 350 activists from 25 states stormed D.C. to weekend. The speakers, speak out against Trump’s Global Gag Rule, the push for advocacy O radiating from the conference and to urge their elected officials to support the attendees, and the tools you Global HER Act and a $1.2 billion U.S. investment have given us reaffirm my in international family planning — including $70 desire to go out into the world million for the United Nations Population Fund and do something to help (UNFPA). They met with 169 members of Congress support others all over the world.” in their #Fight4HER in Washington, D.C. – April Rose Nguyen

Left: Rebecca Harrington, Senior Director of Advocacy and Outreach, with Olga Zoraqi, who accepted the Empower Her, Empower Humanity award on behalf of Rep. Jacky Rosen (D-NV/3) Below: Participants at the reception toast Rep. Rosen for her steadfast support (from left: Methembe Moyo, Jessica Rojas, Sainna Christian, and April Rose Nguyen)

40 Population Connection — June 2018 “Great people. Can’t say enough about them.” – Glen Herman

Above, left: Participants give a standing ovation to our South African keynote speaker, Dr. Tlaleng Mofokeng (front row: Suzanne York, Jean Perry- Jones, and Samantha Wirkus). Above, right: “Meeting so many diverse, Peter Obila, Martin Nungari, David Okinyi, and compassionate, and Anderson Nyaga pledge to fight for reproductive intelligent people health and rights for all. Below: Keia Harris in one space was a discusses the impacts of Trump’s Global Gag Rule revolutionary with panelist Melvine Ouyo, Reproductive Health experience.” Officer of Family Health Options Kenya. – Gahiji Lewis

Right: Activists from Wisconsin meet with their senators and representatives to discuss increased access to and funding for voluntary family planning “I’ve been to a lot of conferences and this one was different. services around the world. You managed to mix education with activism and I really got a lot out of that experience.” – Andre Desir “I really enjoyed the workshops, and learned so many things that I was previously uneducated about. I brought back many of your handouts and shared with fellow social workers that I work with here in Las Vegas because I value the information and education that I attained this past weekend. This was truly the most empowering experience of my life to date.” – Gabriela Garcia

www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 41 And the Winners Are… 2018 World of 7 Billion Video Awards Announced By Pamela Wasserman, Senior Vice President for Education d E o p P

een voices have been so year’s crop of entries educated us on the already active in civic organizations, and emergent this year in framing extent of food waste around the globe, view their generation as empowered to the issues that face the future the promises of vertical farming and make positive change around the world ofT this country and the world. At electric vehicles, and ways to end child and right in their own communities (e.g. Population Connection, we are pleased marriage and boost gender equality. promoting electric cars in Detroit). to provide a vehicle for their voices through our World of 7 Billion Student In all, we received nearly 3,000 submis- You can view this year’s winning entries, Video Contest. Since launching the sions from 42 U.S. states and territories along with students’ photos and bios, on contest in 2010, we have marveled at the and fifty countries. Because many entries our contest website: worldof7billion.org. creative ways students address and build had multiple producers, we estimate awareness for so many environmental that over 5,000 students contributed to High School — Second Place and social challenges connected to the contest. Many of the entries started Victor Elgersma human population pressures. as an assignment in a science or social Brussels, Belgium studies class, and a number of teachers The contest officially launched last have incorporated the contest into their Thalia Kennedy September, giving students and teach- annual syllabus. Chicago, Illinois ers ample time to work it into their Sherron Thomas busy schedules before the February A panel of 61 judges, including college Irving, Texas 2018 deadline. For this year’s chal- and high school educators, filmmakers, High School — Honorable lenge, students were asked to submit a and professionals working in the topic Mentions video that, in a minute or less, educates fields, selected the winners. For high viewers about one of the following pop- school contestants, first place winners in Timotej Cvirn, Amadej Pavšič, ulation connections: Feeding 10 Billion, each category received $1,000, second Benjamin Poljanc, and Vid Kregar Preventing Pollution, or Advancing place winners received $500, and hon- Llubljana, Slovenia Women and Girls. The contest website orable mentions received $250. Middle Vivian Dai provided background reading materials school winners received $500 for first Toronto, Ontario and links to other sources to help stu- place and $250 for second place. Lily Forman dents begin their research. South Orange, New Jersey In preparing to announce the winners, Because each of these contest categories our staff had the opportunity to speak Emily Hed encompasses so many topics, we encour- with all eighteen winning students on Chaska, Minnesota aged students to give careful thought their inspirations, interests, and hopes for William Mester and Keith Nemacek to focusing their 60-second spot. To the future. This year, we were struck by Royal Oak, Michigan become a contest finalist, students had how many of them expressed a desire to Shanuki Wickremasighe to propose at least one sustainable solu- work for social justice and environmen- La Puente, California tion to the challenge they addressed. This tal sustainability. A number of them are

42 Population Connection — June 2018 High School — First Place

Ramya Iyer Advancing Women and Girls Ramya, though only a freshman at Omaha’s Westside High School, already has an impressive portfolio as a graphic designer. For her winning video, “Child Marriage: There is a Solution,” Ramya created original animation with four faceless girls to represent the many millions married off before age eighteen. Ramya is interested in journalism and designing publications. She plans to donate her contest winnings to Nanhi Kali, an NGO that puts Indian girls through primary school.

Arjun Agarwal Feeding 10 Billion Arjun, also a freshman, won first place with his video, “Eating Up By Thinking Up,” which promotes vertical farming as a way to address our looming food challenges. This Lawrenceville, NJ, native combined his love of science and filmmaking to craft an infographic- driven video that many judges described as “professional quality.” Last year, he won a New Jersey National History Day award for a documentary on George Washington. He was inspired to tackle food security by visiting India and “seeing hunger first hand.”

Joshua Romer Preventing Pollution Joshua recruited his friends to help him film “Do-Able Renewable,” which advocates for the use of renewable resources to prevent pollution. A senior from Tulsa, who has been interested in film from a young age, Joshua recently won an award for a video on the First Amendment that appeared on C–SPAN. “I hope that my generation cracks the code on switching over to renewable energy,” he tells us. Joshua will soon be heading to the University of Oklahoma to study creative media production. www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 43 Left to right: Masha Velinakov, Paulina Fenske, Louisa Fowler, Chloe Osbourn Middle School — Second Place Alexis Hu, Maggie Claussen, Alexa Baldauff, and Mila Thelen Shorewood, Wisconsin Kristine Ndubisi, Adrian Maratov, Jacqueline Balanovsky, and Shazray Akbar Las Vegas, Nevada Aurora Rodriguez Dallas, Texas

Middle School — First Place

Louisa Fowler’s Team Advancing Women and Girls Louisa headed a production team from Wisconsin’s Shorewood Intermediate School that included Masha Velinakov, Paulina Fenske, and Chloe Osbourn. In their video, “Hydration for Education,” the seventh graders focused on the burden of gathering water as an obstacle for girls to go to school in many of the world’s least developed countries. Four of their classmates (listed in the text box above) submitted the second place winner for this same category. All are students in Sarah Kopplin’s World Geography class, which also turned in a winning video in last year’s contest!

Ayush Iyer Feeding 10 Billion Ayush, an eighth grader at Mannheim Middle School in Lancaster, PA, has thought a lot about world hunger, even giving presentations to peers about the benefits of vegetarianism. For his winning video, “Feeding 10 Billion on Earth,” Ayush created animation using Powtoon software. Filmmaking is just one of his hobbies — Ayush is a multi-talented musician (he sings and plays piano, saxophone, guitar, and Indian drums) and an avid Boy Scout who loves biking, hiking, camping, and “feeling close to nature.”

Kelly Tung Preventing Pollution This seventh grader from Cupertino, CA, appears in her own live-action video, “Making a Healthier and Cleaner World.” For her, the project was personal — Kelly has had allergies since birth, and pollution worsens the effects. She’s on the Teen Advisory Council of Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE) and has always been interested in environmental sustainability. In her video, Kelly demonstrates the benefits of recycling and vermicompost- ing (composting using worms). She plans to continue “raising awareness for sustainability.”

44 Population Connection — June 2018 Editorial Excerpts

The Trump administration’s answer to questions surround- Landmark Supreme Court decisions in 1965 and 1972 rec- ing family planning and safe sex is to give preference for $260 ognizing a constitutional right to contraception made it more million in grants to groups stressing abstinence and “fertility likely that women went to college, entered the work force, and awareness.” Instead of urging at-risk members of the public to found economic stability. That’s all because they were better use condoms and other forms of protection, the administration able to choose when, or whether, to have children. favors far-less safe and effective measures such as the rhythm method. A 2012 study from the University of Michigan found that by the 1990s, women who had early access to the birth control Effective and accessible contraception has helped lower rates of pill had wage gains of up to 30 percent, compared with older unplanned pregnancies in the U.S., thereby reducing the num- women. ber of abortions. The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported last year that there were fewer abortions It’s mind-boggling that anyone would want to thwart that prog- in 2014 than at any time since abortion was legalized in 1973. ress, especially since women still have so far to go in attaining Adolescent pregnancies decreased 55 percent between 1990 full equality in the United States. But the Trump administra- and 2011. Birth rates for women between 15 and 19 declined tion has signaled it may do just that, in a recent announcement an additional 35 percent between 2011 and 2016, according to about funding for a major family planning program, Title X. the data. Since 1970, the federal government has awarded Title X grants Much of the goal of family planning and contraception is to to providers of family planning services — including contra- reduce the abortion rate by limiting unintended pregnancies ception, cervical cancer screenings, and treatment for sexually and to decrease the number of sexually transmitted infections. transmitted infections — to help low-income women afford There are enormous health, social, and economic benefits for them. It’s a crucial program. women who control their own reproductive health. Yet the Trump administration appeared to accept the conser- The administration’s emphasis on abstinence and natural fam- vatives’ retrograde thinking with a recent announcement from ily planning — including the so-called rhythm method — is the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of part of a familiar pattern of shifting away from scientific, evi- Population Affairs outlining its priorities for awarding Title dence-based policies toward non-scientific ideologies. With X grants. Alarmingly, unlike previous funding announce- the current shift, Trump is undermining nearly fifty years of ments, the document makes zero reference to contraception. successful family planning efforts. In setting its standards for grants, it disposes of nationally rec- ognized clinical standards, developed with the federal Centers Abstinence is 100 percent effective if practiced consistently. for Disease Control and Prevention, that have long been guide- That’s a big if. Fertility awareness is effective if practitioners posts for family planning. Instead, the government says it wants have a nearly medical understanding of hormonal cycles and to fund “innovative” services and emphasizes “fertility aware- adhere to them unfailingly. ness” approaches, which include the so-called rhythm method. These have long been preferred by the religious right, but are – March 11, 2018 notoriously unreliable.

– March 8, 2018 www.popconnect.org June 2018 — Population Connection 45 Population Connection 2120 L Street NW, Suite 500 NON PROFIT ORG US POSTAGE PAID Washington, D.C. 20037 POPULATION CONNECTION

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