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NELSON MANDELA: FREE at LAST! MELILLA Tuns NELSON MANDELA: FREE AT LAST! MELILLA Tuns Banjul BURKINA FASO GUINEA-BISSA GUINEA) • ^Ouagadougou Bissau Conakry ) T-^ ___ { ~~Xi BENIN Freetown Porto Novo SIERRA LEONE IVORY COAST ("GHANA Monrovia ^ K. Abid|an Accra LIBERIA ) _—»-^L _-^ TOGO Lome MAURITIUS REUNION LESOTHO Maseru Copyright © 1984 by the African-American Institute, Inc. AMERICA'S MARCH-APRIL 1990 LEADING MAGAZINE VOLUME 35, NUMBER 1 ON AFRICA A Publication of the RT African-American Institute The Nelson Mandela: A Hero's Welcome 4 African-American Institute Update 5 Chairman Maurice Tempelsman Editor: Daphne Topouzis President South Africa Vivian Lowery Derryck De Klerk's Rubicon 13 Publisher By Patrick Laurence Frank E. Ferrari Interview Editor-in-Chief The Reverend Allan Boesak: The People's Demands 17 Margaret A. Novicki By Margaret A. Novicki Managing Editor Alana Lee South Africa Associate Editor Marked for Murder 22 Joseph Margolis Joy in Jo'burg Page 13 By Patrick Laurence Assistant Editor Daphne Topouzis A Family Reunion 26 By Peter Tygesen Editorial Assistant Russell Geekie Namibia Contributing Editors The Development Challenge 29 Michael Maren By Colleen Lowe Morna Andrew Meldrum Art Director Interview Kenneth Jay Ross President Kenneth Kaunda: Seeking Solutions in Southern Africa 32 Advertising Office By Margaret A. Novicki 212 949-5666. ext. 728 Zambia Interns Troy Browne Hannah Searing Southern Africa's Elder Statesman 36 Carol Chen See Jill Slattery By Guy Arnold Michael Freeman Abigail Stanley Pretoria's Foothold Kirsten Schwilfe Steven Williams Comoros I'agf 29 Paradise I^ost 37 Africa Report (ISSN 0001-9836). a non-profit magazine of African affairs, By Aidan Hartley is published bimonthly and is sched- uled to appear at the beginning of Algeria each date period at 833 United A New Face for the FLN 41 Nations Plaza. New York, NY 10017. Editorial correspondence and adver- By Hugh Roberts tising inquiries should be addressed to Africa Report, at the above Human Rights address. Subscription rates: Individ- uals: USA $24, Canada $30, air rate 'Hie Africa Watch Agenda 44 overseas $48. Institutions: USA $31. By Andrew Meldrum Canada $37. air rate overseas £55. Second-class postage paid at New York. NY and at additional mailing Environment offices. POSTMASTER If this maga- Forecasting Africa's Future 47 zine is undehverable. please send notice to Africa Report at the above By Nick Cater address. Telephone: (212) 949-5666. Copyright • 1990 by The Afncan- A Mercenary Affair The World Bank Amertcan Institute. Inc. Page 37 A New Development Compact? 50 By Colleen Lowe Morna To Our Readers: Zimbabwe Due to the adoption of a new production system, we have Mugabe's Folly? 54 advanced the publication sched- By Andrew Meldrum ule of Africa Report by one issue. The Land Dilemma 58 Thus, the first edition of 1990 is March-April, rather than January- By Guy Arnold February. Your subscription has Culture been adjusted so that you re- ceive all the issues you have Cinema from the Sahel 62 ordered. By Daphne Topouzis A National Treasure 64 Photo Credit: By Howard Schissel The cover photograph was taken At the Movies Annual Index 67 in Cape Town by Impact Visuals. Page 62 A Hero's Welcome he skies over Soweto suddenly 'Today, the majority of South Africans, black and white, recognize that opened up, letting loose a heavy apartheid has no future. It has to be ended by our own decisive mass downpour on the crowds gath- actions in order to build peace and security. The mass campaigns of defi- T ered outside the modest Man- ance and other actions of our organizations and people can only culminate dela home, as hundreds of miles away, in the establishment of democracy. Nelson, hand-in-hand with wife Win- nie, was striding to freedom, at the 'The factors which necessitated the armed struggle still continue today. gate of Victor Venter Prison in Paarl. We have no option but to continue. We express the hope that a climate con- In Africa, the rains are an omen— ducive to a negotiated settlement would be created soon so that there may a traditional sign of good fortune and no longer be the need for the armed struggle. a cause for celebration and thanksgiv- 'Today I wish to report to you that my talks with the government have ing. Hence, in the black township been aimed at normalizing the political situation in the country. We have which Nelson Mandela called home not as yet begun discussing the basic demands of the struggle. 27 long years ago, there could have "I wish to stress that I myself had at no time entered into negotiations been no better benediction on the about the future of our country, except to insisl on a meeting between the event, nor portent of its significance. ANC and the government. As Mandela's stately and elegant "Mr. de Klerk has gone further than any other Nationalist president in form emerged to greet a global taking real steps to normalize the situation. However, there are further audience little prepared for the poignancy the moment was to hold, steps as outlined in the Harare Declaration that have to be met before emotions ran high, from irrepressible negotiations on the basic demands of our people can begin. joy to tears of sorrow at the sight of a "I reiterate our call for inter alia the immediate ending of the state of man who had suffered under the cru- emergency and the freeing of all, not only some, political prisoners. elty of apartheid perhaps more than "Only such a normalized situation which allows for free political activity any other, yet had emerged with his can allow us to consult our people in order to obtain a mandate. The people dignity and commitment ever need to be consulted on who will negotiate and on the content of such stronger. negotiations. Negotiations cannot take place above the heads or behind the February 11, 1990, was a day backs of our people. It is our belief that the future of our country can only many had hoped, prayed, and worked be determined by a body which is democratically elected on a nonracial for, but few had expected to occur so basis. precipitately, nor unfold quite so majestically. The suddenness of F.W. "Negotiations on the dismantling of apartheid will have to address the de Klerk's announcement of Man- overwhelming demand of our people for a democratic, nonracial, and uni- dela's imminent release only served to tary South Africa. There must be an end to white monopoly on political heighten the drama of the event as it power. And a fundamental restructuring of our political and economic sys- transpired before our eyes on televi- tems to insure that the inequalities of apartheid are addressed and our sion screens around the world. society thoroughly democratized. And nothing could have been more "Mr. de Klerk himself is a man of integrity who is acutely aware of the moving than the sight of the aging, dangers of a public figure not honoring his undertaking. But as an organi- bespectacled black nationalist, finally zation, we base our policy and strategy on the harsh reality we are faced unfettered and no longer silenced, with, and this reality is that we are still suffering under the policies of the delivering with presidential authority Nationalist government. his first public address in decades, before hundreds of thousands of sup- "Our struggle has reached a decisive moment. We call on our people to porters in front of Cape Town City seize this moment so that the process toward democracy is rapid and unin- Hall. terrupted. We have waited too long for our freedom. We can no longer The euphoria will soon die down, wait. Now is the time to intensify the struggle on all fronts. and South Africans, black and white, 'To relax our efforts now would be a mistake which generations to will get on with the long, arduous pro- come will not be able to forgive. The sight of freedom looming on the hori- cess of negotiating a new future for the zon should encourage us to redouble our efforts. It is only through disci- nation, but nothing will erase the plined mass action that our victory can be assured. memory of that historic day in Febru- "We call on our white compatriots to join us in the shaping of a new ary when a true hero finally made his South Africa. The freedom movement is the political home for you, too. We walk to freedom. We excerpt here Nel- son Mandela's speech in Cape Town call on the international community to continue the campaign to isolate the on February 11, 1990. apartheid regime. To lift sanctions now would be to run the risk of abort- ing the process toward the complete eradication of apartheid. Our march —Margaret A. Novicki to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. "Universal suffrage on a common voters roll in a united, democratic, and nonracial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony." AFRICA REPORT • March April 1990 IIIIII N THE NEWS Mandela Release: The Beginning of the End of Apartheid? As the world watched in amaze- South Africa appears to be a more vul- facilitate exploratory meetings between ment. Nelson Mandela was freed after nerable and humble edifice, and white the ANC and the gove~nment which 27 and a half years of imprisonment on South Africans listened carefully to will pave the way toward dialogue. February II, 1990, opening a new what Mandela had to say. Until de In his contacts with the government.
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