Dive Operations Manual

Home , Bailout bottle, Dive briefing, Dive log, Diving procedures, Diving regulations, Diving team

Rev. 170320

Presented By:

“BUFFALO INDUSTRIAL DIVING COMPANY” 220 Katherine Street Buffalo, New York 14210 716-847-1111

Dive Operations Manual Buffalo Industrial Diving Company Rev 170320

Table of Contents

POLICIES ...... 5 BASIC BIDCO COMPANY POLICIES ...... 5 ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND FIREARMS ...... 6 CREW ...... 7 DIVING CREW WORK ASSIGNMENTS ...... 7 PERSON IN CHARGE...... 7 DIVER ...... 7 STANDBY DIVER ...... 8 TENDER ...... 8 CHAMBER OPERATOR ...... 8 OTHER PERSONNEL ...... 9 DIVING OPERATIONS ...... 10 DIVING EQUIPMENT ...... 10 MAINTENANCE RECORDS ...... 10 AIR TESTING ...... 10 ENTERING AND LEAVING THE WATER ...... 10 LIVE BOATING ...... 11 POSTING OF EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS ...... 11 HAZARD ANALYSIS ...... 11 HAZARDOUS ACTIVITIES ...... 11 OVERHEAD WORK ...... 11 LOCK OUT TAG OUT ...... 12 PRE-DIVE BRIEFING ...... 12 PRE-DIVE CHECK LIST ...... 12 POST DIVE CHECK LIST ...... 13 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ...... 14 GENERAL INFORMATION ...... 14 GAS SUPPLY ...... 14 AIR COMPRESSORS ...... 14 RESERVE BREATHING SUPPLY ...... 14 NON-MEDICAL EMERGENCY CONDITIONS ...... 15 FIRE IN EQUIPMENT...... 15 COMPRESSOR OR SUPPLY HOSE FAILURE ...... 15 SEVERANCE OF DIVER’S UMBICAL – GAS HOSE ONLY ...... 15 SEVERANCE OF DIVERS COMPLETE UMBILICAL ...... 15

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COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE...... 16 FOULED OR ENTRAPPED DIVER ...... 16 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE...... 16 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ...... 17 FIRST AID KIT ...... 17 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES ...... 18 UNCONSCIOUS DIVER ON THE BOTTOM ...... 18 NEAR DROWNING ...... 18 HYPOXIA ...... 19 OXYGEN TOXICITY ...... 19 CARBON DIOXIDE TOXICITY (HYPERCAPNIA) ...... 20 CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING ...... 21 NITROGEN NARCOSIS ...... 21 BAROTRAUMA ...... 22 THERMAL STRESS ...... 22 INJURED DIVER IN THE WATER ...... 24 BENDS OR AIR EMBOLISM ...... 24 NON-SPECIFIC EMERGENCY OR UNSAFE CONDITIONS ...... 25 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION...... 25 WEATHER ...... 25 OMITTED DECOMPRESSION ...... 25 RECORD KEEPING ...... 26 PROCEDURES FOR HAZARDOUS / CONTAMINATED DIVING ...... 27 TRAINING ...... 27 DEFINITION ...... 27 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ...... 27 EQUIPMENT ...... 27 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES ...... 28 DIVING PROCEDURES ...... 29 DIVING TABLES ...... 29 TENDERS ...... 29 LIVE BOATING AND RESTRICTED ASCENT ...... 29 SELF CONTAINED DIVING (SCUBA) ...... 29 AIR DIVES ...... 30 REPETITIVE DIVES ...... 30

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MIXED GAS DIVES ...... 30 DEEP AIR DIVES ...... 30 HELIUM OXYGEN (HeO2) DIVES ...... 30 NITROX PROCEDURES ...... 30 CHAMBER PROCEDURES ...... 31 OXYGEN DECOMPRSSION ...... 31 FLYING ...... 31 INDIVIDUAL DIVE RECORD ...... 33 REPETITIVE DIVE WORK SHEET ...... 34 APPENDIX ...... 35 A. EMERGENCY CONTACTS...... 36 B. HAZARD ANALYSIS CHART ...... 37 D. EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBER POSTINGS ...... 39 E. SITE SPECIFIC EMERGENCY PLAN ...... 40 F. OSHA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ADC ...... 42 G. COMMERCIAL DIVING OPERATIONS STANDARDS ...... 44 H. US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS DIVING REGULATIONS ...... 60 I. VERIFICATION LETTER FOR NITROX DECOMPRESSION ...... 71 J. US NAVY DECOMPRESSION TABLES ...... 73 L. SUPPLEMENTAL ENCLOSURES ON DIVING PROCEDURES ...... 74 # 1 Procedures for Hazardous / Contaminated Diving...... 74 # 2 Personnel / Equipment Schedules for Penetration Diving ...... 74 # 3 Code of Federal Reg’s- Hazardous Waste Operations ...... 74 # 4 Procedure for Underwater Diving in Contaminated Water (Nuclear Diving) ..... 74 # 5 Quality Systems Manual for Welding and Fabrication...... 74 # 6 Video Procedures ...... 74

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POLICIES BASIC BIDCO COMPANY POLICIES

Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc. (BIDCO) will only consider for employment as divers or diver tenders individuals who are graduates of the U.S. Military or nationally recognized commercial diving schools approved by the Association of Commercial Diving Educators.

An exception to this policy will be made for divers who can verify 10 or more years of full time commercial diving experience and who have a satisfactory knowledge of modern, safe diving equipment, techniques and safety practices.

Safety will not be compromised. If at any time, during a diving operation, a choice must be made between safety and the completion of a dive - the dive will be aborted - and all unsafe conditions will be corrected prior to commencement of diving operations.

All diving will be conducted in the surface oriented mode and in accordance with current editions of one of the following: OSHA Part 1910, subpart T, U.S. Navy Diving Manual and ADC Consensus Standards. When applicable, diving will be conducted in accordance with USAE 385.1.1. (Section 30)

OSHA regulations stipulate that any time dives are carried out at depths deeper than 100 Ft. or if dive durations dictate in water decompression stops, a fully operational decompression chamber will be made part of the site location equipment. This chamber will be ready for use during diving operations.

Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc., at its discretion, will make a fully operational decompression chamber part of the site location equipment when there is an indication that the possibility of in water decompression stops may occur due to conditions beyond our control. Such conditions could include, but not be limited to:  Dives 100 foot or deeper  Long (100+ Ft.) penetration dives exceeding 40 Ft. of depth.  Penetration dives at depths greater than 40 Ft. in small confined pipelines or tunnels where diver extraction may be restricted for any reason.  Dives where direct ascent to the surface may be severely restricted at depths exceeding 40 Ft.  Dives will be conducted exceeding 40 Ft. of depth which will be extremely arduous.

Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc. uses the standard U.S. Navy Diving Tables during all air diving operations. In the event of deep, borderline dives, commercially accepted Nitrox mixes may be used in place of air for ascents and decompression.

All employees are urged to discuss ideas, which may improve any or all aspects of our operations.

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ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND FIREARMS

AS A CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT, I UNDERSTAND THAT:

The use or possession of drugs, drug paraphernalia, drug "Look-alikes. Intoxicating beverages, firearms or weapons at any office or work location of Buffalo Industrial Diving Co., Inc., or customers is absolutely prohibited.

Anyone carrying prescription medicine to any facility mentioned above shall show same to his or her supervisor upon arrival at the facility and the supervisor shall record the description of the medicine. It must be contained in the originally dispensed container with the employee's name on the bottle.

As a safety precaution, entry into or presence upon or leaving any office or work location of Buffalo Industrial Diving Company is conditioned upon BIDCO and its customers right to search and examine the person and personal effects of any employee or other entrant for drugs, drug paraphernalia, drug "look-alikes", intoxication beverages, firearms or weapons. BIDCO and its customers also reserves the right to conduct scientific drug screening (urinalysis, blood tests or the like) of employees or others entering, present upon or leaving Buffalo Industrial Diving or its customers facilities to detect drug use or abuse at any time. From time to time, and without prior announcement, searches and scientific drug screening by authorized representatives will be made.

Refusal to submit to search and/or scientific testing or the violation of this policy by possession or positive testing for prohibited substances shall be considered cause for dismissal or other disciplinary action.

BIDCO is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer and as such, is dedicated to the hiring and promotion of females and minorities. We expect all employees to work towards the maintenance of a working environment free from harassment of any type. It is only through our employees’ actions that we can continue to assure equal opportunity for all.

"DO NOT USE ANYTHING THAT IMPAIRS YOUR JUDGMENT"

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CREW DIVING CREW WORK ASSIGNMENTS

PERSON IN CHARGE

The company will designate a person in charge according to O.S.H.A. standards. It is there responsibility to assure that all regulations, policies and instructions will be strictly adhered to unless the situation necessitates changes in accordance with good safe diving practices

It is the Diving Manager or Diving Supervisors responsibility to formally transmit all Diving Operation Guidelines to any Diving Subcontractor working on a company sponsored vessel prior to the subcontractor’s mobilization.

The Diving Supervisor will be an experienced diver who be responsible for and having sole authority to decide on the type of equipment / methods used, the personnel engaged in the operation and shall keep close communication with other non-diving personnel.

All diving operation will be conducted by a minimum of three qualified dive team members, not less than two divers and one diver’s tender.

DIVER

Only qualified personnel will perform diving operations

The diver will be a graduate of a nationally recognized commercial diving school or will have a minimum of 10 years of full time, verifiable, commercial diving experience. The diver will be responsible for completion of all underwater work in a professional manner and for directing the tender in his duties.

As a condition of initial employment and continued employment the diver agrees to undergo a pre-employment drug screen as well as be part of a random drug screening program.

Active diving personnel must undergo a complete physical examination by a physician familiar with diving related issues prior to being exposed to any Hyperbaric conditions. Subsequent to any initial examination, all diving personnel must be examined at twelve- month intervals. In addition they must maintain current CPR and First Aid Qualifications.

Divers will not wear a hairstyle or have a beard or moustache that interferes with the safe operation of the diving helmet, facemask or oral-nasal mask.

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STANDBY DIVER

When required due to O.S.H.A., or other regulations, or at the discretion of the person in charge, a standby diver will be made a part of the diving crew.

The standby diver will be a graduate of a nationally recognized commercial diving school or will have a minimum of 10 years of full time, verifiable, commercial diving experience.

The standby diver will remain in the area of the tender and will be dressed and ready to aid the diver if needed. While a diver is in the water the standby diver will have no duties other than being prepared to go to the aid of the diver if required.

A standby diver must be ready to reach the primary diver within five minutes if the operation involves a dive in excess of 100 feet, for any diver requiring stage decompression and during any operation of an unusually hazardous nature such as entries into wrecks. When two divers are in the water working together, they can be considered as standing by for each other if one can reach the other within three minutes and each is informed of the requirement

TENDER

Must be able to act as a diver. A tender will not exceed a diving depth of 75 foot unless a Diving Supervisor is present. The tender will be a graduate of a nationally recognized commercial diving school or will have a minimum of 10 years of full time, verifiable, commercial diving experience.

The tender will be responsible for setting up the diving equipment and maintaining same, filling out log books, dive sheets, and the running log. When the diver is in the water the tender will have no responsibilities or duties other than looking after the needs and safety of the diver. The tender will work under the supervision of the diver.

CHAMBER OPERATOR

The chamber operator will be a graduate of a nationally recognized commercial diving school or will have a minimum of 10 years of full time, verifiable, commercial diving experience. The chamber operator may be an additional, non-diving, crewmember whose only duties include the maintenance and operation of the decompression chamber during diving operations.

The chamber operator may be a regular member of the dive team with experience and knowledge of normal and emergency decompression procedures and chamber maintenance.

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OTHER PERSONNEL

SPECIALIZED SKILLS AND SERVICES

Other personnel providing specialized knowledge or services during an operation, and not directly associated with Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc., will be allowed the use of equipment and support of Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc. with the following provisions 1. They are able to provide verification of a diver certification from a nationally recognized diver-certifying agency. 2. They are willing to accept the direction of the Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc. person in charge. 3. The person in charge is secure in the fact that the individual shows no signs of stress, related to the equipment or diving situation, which could lead to unsafe actions. 4. All life support equipment is provided by Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc. with the exception of personal items (suit, fins, etc.). 5. Any individual not wishing to accept the above provisions will not be considered a part of the Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc. crew in any regards.

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DIVING OPERATIONS DIVING EQUIPMENT

The diving equipment will always be maintained in good operation condition and will be inspected by the Diving Team Leader prior to each use. The equipment must be suitable for the nature of the operations to be carried out. The equipment must include, in addition to other items mentioned herein:  Only company approved diving helmets or masks  A reliable, two-way communication system must be incorporated into and used with all commercial diving equipment.  All open-circuit helmets and masks (with the exception of oral-nasal masks) shall be capable of ventilation at least 4.5 cfm when supplied with the pressure recommended by the manufacturer.  All surface-supplied helmets and masks must be equipped with working non- return valves  All diving hoses (Umbilical) will be tested and found in compliance  All diving hoses will be protected from damage as well as falling objects.  All diving hoses shall be rated with a bursting pressure at least four times greater than the maximum working pressure.  Any hose containing pressures in excess of 250 PSI must be secured with safety lines to prevent whipping in the event of a hose parting.  Diver’s must have their own wrist watches  Divers personal equipment must have the ability to quickly release diving weights

MAINTENANCE RECORDS

A record will be kept of all maintenance and repairs performed on divers air compressors. Entries shall include such pertinent information as belt and filter changes. All engine / compressor maintenance will be done in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

AIR TESTING

Diver breathing air testing will be performed by an outside agency and records maintained. Any compressor falling out of approved specifications will be pulled out of service until tested and found to be in compliance.

ENTERING AND LEAVING THE WATER

There will be a safe means of entering and leaving the water from a ladder or a diving platform. Additionally, the means of entering and leaving shall be adequate to facilitate rescue of personnel.

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LIVE BOATING

Live boating from a surface vessel shall not be conducted at night, in rough seas, or from vessels with insufficient maneuverability. An integral device, which prevents the diving hose from becoming entangled in the propellers, shall be employed at all times. While live boating operations are being conducted, the tender must be qualified in this type of tending. The tender shall be equipped with communications, which allow him to hear the diver at all times. A diver shall wear bailout bottles during all live boating operations. The boat skipper shall be qualified to the satisfaction of the Diving Supervisor. The propeller of the vessel shall be stopped before the diver enters or leaves the water.

POSTING OF EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS

PRIOR TO COMMENCEMENT OF ANY DIVING ACTIVITY THE PERSON IN CHARGE OR CREW MEMBER APPOINTED BY HIM WILL POST A LIST OF EMERGENCY CONTACT PHONE NUMBERS. ALL PHONE NUMBERS OR FREQUINCIES WILL BE CHECKED PRIOR TO COMMECEMENT OF DIVING OPERATIONS.

1. Emergency phone numbers will be displayed at job site phones in such a way that it will be impossible for them to be lost or covered.

2. The list of numbers will include at a minimum –  State police  Local hospital  Nearest Hyperbaric treatment facility with address  Ground and Special transportation numbers if available

HAZARD ANALYSIS

A comprehensive and active Hazard Analysis will be conducted using the ADC guidelines prior to the job and reviewed on a daily basis. Any changes made will be briefed to the dive crew and any others effected by the changes.

HAZARDOUS ACTIVITIES

Diving operations will be coordinated through the Diving Supervisor with other activities in the area in an effort to minimize the hazards to the dive team. In the event of an accident involving the diving operation, the Site Manager shall be notified as soon as possible. This includes notification in the event of a case of decompression sickness.

OVERHEAD WORK

Under normal conditions, divers will not be required to dive if other personnel are performing work directly over the divers work area. The diver must be satisfied that any overhead work does not pose a hazard. The diver will never work under any BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 11

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object suspended by a crane or other means when there is a danger of it falling on him. Under no circumstances shall materials, scrap or the like be thrown overboard from a barge or adjacent platform when a dive is in progress.

LOCK OUT TAG OUT

Prior to the commencement of any diving activities the person in charge will: 1. Check and verify that all pumps, generators, Etc., which could effect the diving operations, are shut down and locked out. 2. Walk through the facility with lead diver and the person in charge of the facility to verify the lock out tag out procedure has been completed. 3. Notify responsible parties that diving operations are to commence and that no machinery should be put into operation, which could endanger the diver without notification of the diving operations person in charge.

PRE-DIVE BRIEFING

1. Objective to be accomplished 2. Tasks and procedures 3. Review of last dive 4. Introduction of new equipment, procedures or personnel 5. Safety procedures to be observed 6. Confirm the physical fitness and ability of each diver to perform assigned tasks 7. Assignment of personnel 8. Any modifications to normal operation procedures 9. Review diving procedures 10. Review hazard analysis 11. Review emergency procedures 12. Review procedures for reporting physical problems or adverse physiological effects during and / or after the dive.

PRE-DIVE CHECK LIST

1. Compressor - Fuel, oil, fire extinguisher, start compressor and bring to operational pressure. 2. Check emergency air supplies - surface back up and bail outs, if used. 3. Connect and blow out all hoses and check filters. 4. Check non-returns in helmets. 5. Connect all remaining life support equipment and safety check. 6. Verify operational status of decompression chamber, chamber radios, operational chamber air and O2 supplies and emergency air and O2 supplies. 7. Verify NITROX supply and analysis. 8. When applicable, pressurize chamber inner lock. 9. Update running log. 10. Assemble and rig all remaining equipment needed for job. 11. Fill out or up date all dive sheets and running logs. 12. Check communications with tenders, diver, and customer. 13. Check preparedness of support crews. BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 12

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14. Verify plant shut downs or equipment lockouts as required for safety of diver. 15. Double-check and visually confirm status. 16. Enter information into logbook. 17. Dress diver. 18. Start dive and complete log entries as necessary.

POST DIVE CHECK LIST

1. Check diver status. 2. Complete log sheets and books. 3. Diver reports accomplishments and observations 4. Discuss what is to be accomplished during the next dive 5. Shut down all systems. 6. Check all equipment and prepare for next dive or put equipment away as necessary. 7. The diver must remain awake and be attended for one hour after completion of any dive. 8. The selected dive team members will remain in the vicinity of the recompression chamber for four hours after the last dive or chamber operation.

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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

GENERAL INFORMATION

GAS SUPPLY

The surface support crew has the responsibility of knowing the condition of the divers gas supply at all time.

AIR COMPRESSORS

Only approved “divers air compressors” shall be used for divers’ breathing media. Diving air compressors shall be used for diving operations only. Only approved lubricating oil will be used and never at a viscosity of less than S.A E. 30. Compressor lube oil pumps shall never be filled above the full mark on the dipstick. Air compressors will be positioned, when possible, so they can be heard at the dive station. All air intakes shall be located in an area free of harmful contamination. The air intakes of compressors permanently installed in boats, barges, etc. must be piped externally to a source clear of boat exhaust fumes and other harmful impurities. Volume tanks when used with air compressors shall conform to ASME and / or other regulatory codes as appropriate. Volume tanks shall be Coast Guard and / or ASME certified. All primary volume tanks must be equipped with a check valve on their inlet side, a pressure gauge and a relief pop-off valve so as to prevent pressures in excess of the maximum working pressure.

RESERVE BREATHING SUPPLY

Reserve Breathing supply will be provided to the diver when Live Boating, diving with restricted direct ascent to the surface, diving with mixed gases or there is a decompression obligation of the diver.

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NON-MEDICAL EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Upon being instructed by the surface to "Clear himself and begin ascent" the diver should do so immediately, and without question, regardless of his activities at the time.

FIRE IN EQUIPMENT

1. Extinguish fire; secure equipment. 2. Determine damage and effect on diver. 3. If required, terminate dive, commence decompression. 4. Each chamber must have a means of extinguishing a fire in the interior

COMPRESSOR OR SUPPLY HOSE FAILURE

RESERVE AIR IN THE VOLUME TANK WILL NORMALLY BE SUFFICIENT TO BRING THE DIVER OR DIVERS TO THE SURFACE. 1. Instruct diver to clear himself and leave bottom. 2. Switch to reserve breathing supply at the control panel. 3. Alert standby. 4. Diver returns to the down line / stage. 5. Terminate dive following proper decompression procedures.

SEVERANCE OF DIVER’S UMBICAL – GAS HOSE ONLY

1. Put proper breathing gas to divers umbilical. 2. Diver activates bail–out bottle. 3. Alert Standby diver. 4. If required, diver inserts pneumo hose inside helmet. 5. Diver returns to down line / stage. 6. Terminate dive and follow proper decompression procedures. 7. If required, send standby diver down with an additional bailout bottle or hose.

SEVERANCE OF DIVERS COMPLETE UMBILICAL

1. Diver activates bail out bottle. 2. Alert standby diver. 3. Return to down line / stage 4. If umbilical is severed on deck and the end of the umbilical is still on deck, send standby diver down umbilical with new hose / bailout bottle. 5. If umbilical is not on deck, send the standby diver down the down line or stage cable.

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COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE

THE TOP SIDE CREW WILL NORMALLY KNOW OF A COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE BEFORE THE DIVER IF THERE IS A LACK OF ON GOING CONVERSATION.

1. Who ever determines or has reason to believe that there has been a communications breakdown will give the 3-pull signal on the umbilical. 2. The person on the other end of the umbilical should answer with both voice and the 3-pull signal. 3. The tender/person in charge should remove all slack from the umbilical and begin to retrieve the diver.

4. The tender/person in charge or radio operator should be alert to conditions, which would indicate a problem with the diver and not the communications.

5. The dive will be aborted until the problem is corrected.

FOULED OR ENTRAPPED DIVER

1. Avoid panic and insure diver does not ditch equipment. 2. Diver informs topside. 3. Alert Standby diver. 4. Diver determines extent of entrapment. 5. Diver attempts to free himself. 6. If required, send standby diver to diver’ assistance. 7. When diver is free, if shaken or standby diver was required to go to his assistance, terminate the dive.

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

Differential Pressure, or “Delta P” is invisible to the diver. There is almost no way to escape its hold once it has you. Knowing what it is and where to expect it is the best way to avoid being trapped. Delta P exists when the pressure between two bodies of water are different. The pressure is created as the two bodies of water attempt to find equilibrium. The formula for calculating the Delta P of a given hole size is: area of the hole X difference in depth X PSI / ft of water = PSI of water. For fresh water use .432 PSI and for Salt water use .445 PSI. The only means of freeing the trapped diver is to equalize the pressure on both sides of the hole. Attempts at freeing the trapped diver without equalizing the pressure in almost impossible due to the divers body parts forming a perfect seal in and over the hole.

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION

1. Supervisors will take part in a pre-job meeting 2. Supervisors will have a good understanding of the site 3. Supervisors will create a hand drawn schematic of all valves and gates that affect the work area. 4. Supervisors will create a check list from the information gathered at the meeting and from the schematics 5. The check list will be used to ensure the area is safe for divers to work. 6. Insure that the client understands the hazards of Delta P. 7. Supervisor will insure Lock Out / Tag Out procedures are done properly 8. Supervisor will control or oversee control of keys to all locked items. 9. Divers will be briefed on all hazards. 10. Divers will keep topside informed of their underwater locations at all times. 11. Supervisor will develop a site specific rescue plan for each diving location.

FIRST AID KIT An ADC approved and / or recommended First Aid Kit will be on every dive site. There will be a hand operated emergency breathing resuscitator mask (AMBU Bag) An oxygen system capable of providing emergency oxygen by mask or AMBU bag will be available. The First Aid Kit must be suitable for use under Hyperbaric conditions. An ARC Standard First Aid Handbook or equivalent shall be available.

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MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

UNCONSCIOUS DIVER ON THE BOTTOM

An unconscious diver on the bottom is a very serious emergency. Appropriate action must be taken immediately. 1. Make sure breathing medium is adequate and that the diver is breathing. 2. Check the status of all divers. 3. If there is any reason to suspect gas contamination, shift to the standby supply.  Have the dive partner or standby diver ventilate the afflicted diver to remove  Accumulated carbon dioxide in the helmet and insure the correct oxygen concentrations. 4. When ventilation is complete, have the dive partner of standby diver ascertain whether the diver is breathing. 5. If the diver appears not to be breathing, the partner / standby diver shall attempt to reposition the diver’s head to open the airway. 6. Check afflicted diver for signs of consciousness.  If the diver regains consciousness, allow a short period for stabilization and then abort the dive.  If the diver remains unresponsive but is breathing, have the dive partner or standby diver move the afflicted diver to the down line/stage.  This action need not be rushed.  If the diver appears not to be breathing, make further attempts to open the airway while moving the diver rapidly to the down line / stage. 7. During recovery of the affected diver:  If conscious, allow for stabilization, then begin decompression.  If unconscious, bring the diver to the first decompression stop for the surface at a rate of 30 fpm.  Decompress the diver using surface decompression procedures if required. 8. If the diver remains unconscious at the first decompression stop and breathing cannot be detected in spite of repeated attempts to position the head and open the airway, an extreme emergency exists. One must weigh the risk of catastrophic, and even fatal, decompression sickness if the diver is brought to the surface, versus the risk of asphyxiation if the diver remains in the water.  If the affected diver is not breathing, leave the unaffected diver at his first decompression stop to complete decompression and surface the affected diver at 30 fpm, deploying the standby diver as required.  Start CPR on the surface if needed.  Recompress immediately and treat accordingly.

NEAR DROWNING

The term “DROWNING” signifies that death has occurred. “NEAR DROWNING” is a condition caused by inhaling water and ventilation has stopped. Near drowning will progress to drowning if life saving measures are not taken immediately.

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Prevention  Insure proper training  Insure the divers helmet is properly secured

Treatment  Clear the Air way  Check Breathing  Check for Circulation (Pulse)  Start rescue breathing as soon as possible  Administer 100 percent O2 by mask  Call for assistance DON’T GIVE UP

HYPOXIA

The term “HYPOXIA” is defined as the lack of oxygen. If this condition is not corrected quickly lack of judgment, unconsciousness, and even death may occur. The most common cause of hypoxia is an interruption of the breathing gas supply. The first sign of trouble is usually an unresponsive diver.

Symptoms  Lack of concentration  Lack of muscle control  Inability to perform delicate tasks  Drowsiness  Agitation  Euphoria  Loss of consciousness

Treatment  If diver is in the water, shift to alternate gas supply.  Vent the diver and the standby divers rig.  Abort the dive.  Administer 100% oxygen by mask on the surface.  If the diver is unconscious on the surface, seek medical help.  If the diver is ascending and becomes unconscious it may be difficult to differentiate between hypoxia and arterial gas embolism.  The treatment for arterial gas embolism will also correct hypoxia.  Do not hesitate to treat for arterial gas embolism if in doubt.

OXYGEN TOXICITY

Oxygen toxicity normally occurs after long period of breathing 100 percent O2 or when the partial pressure exceeds 1.6 ATA. Oxygen toxicity is unpredictable and may occur at a lower partial pressure without warning. The symptoms of O2 Toxicity may come without warning and in no certain order.

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Symptoms  Visual - tunnel vision, decreased peripheral vision, blurred vision.  Ear- Tinnitus, any sound perceived but not as a result of external stimulus. It may sound like bells ringing or a roaring sound.  Nausea- vomiting or feeling like vomiting. This may come and go.  Twitching or tingling - The muscles of the face and of the extremities may be effected. This is the most common symptom of Oxygen Toxicity.  Irritability – A change in the divers mental status including confusion, agitation and anxiety.  Dizziness - includes clumsiness, in-coordination and unusual fatigue.  Convulsions- May occur without warning. Remember the acronym VENTID C Treatment In-water  Supervisor notes signs or diver reports symptoms to topside.  Reduce oxygen partial pressure (switch to air or ascend 10 feet).  Continue to decompress on regular table without 50/50 Nitrox. Chamber treatment  At the first sign, remove O2.  Wait for symptoms to subside.  While breathing air wait an additional 15 minutes after symptoms subside.  Resume O2 breathing time at the point of interruption.  If symptoms occur again, repeat “removal from oxygen breathing routine” above  If symptoms occur a third time contact a diving doctor for a modification to the table. Chamber Decompression  At the first sign, remove O2.  Wait for symptoms to subside.  While breathing air, wait an additional 15 minutes after symptoms subside.  Resume O2 breathing time at the point of interruption.  This procedure may be repeated as often as the diving supervisor considers it prudent or until the 02 time is completed.  If the diving supervisor decides it is no longer prudent: Complete the remainder of the 40ft time on Air, counting all time spent on O2. Ascend to the 20ft water stop and repeat the 40ft stop time. Ascend to the 10ft water stop and stay there for twice the 40ft stop time.

CARBON DIOXIDE TOXICITY (HYPERCAPNIA)

Hypercapnia may occur with or without oxygen deficiency. There may be no warning signs of hypercapnia. The diver may become confused and even slightly euphoric before losing consciousness. Because unconsciousness may be the first sign of

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hypercapnia and it may not be readily apparent whether the cause is hypoxia or hypercapnia. Rule out hypoxia first.

Cause The most common cause in surface supplied diving is “over breathing” the rig.

Treatment  Increase ventilation in the helmet  Decrease the level of exertion.  Abort dive if necessary.

CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

The most common cause of CO poisoning is exhaust fumes being sucked into the compressor intake.

Symptoms  Headache, dizziness  Nausea  Vomiting  Shortness of breath  Confusion  Unconsciousness and eventually death

Treatment  Remove the source  Administer 100% O2.  Serious symptoms may be treated in Recompression Chamber on treatment table 5.

NITROGEN NARCOSIS

Nitrogen narcosis is caused by the narcotic effect of nitrogen on the body. Most commonly caused by breathing compressed air at depths deeper than 99ft.

Symptoms  Loss of judgment or skills.  A false feeling of well-being.  Lack of concern for the job or safety.  Inappropriate laughter.  Tingling and vague numbness of lips, gums, and legs. Treatment  The diver should ascend to a shallower depth.

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BAROTRAUMA

Barotrauma is defined as damage to body tissue from the mechanical effects of pressure. This occurs when the differential pressure between body cavities and the hydrostatic pressure surrounding the body, or between the body and the diving equipment which are not equalized. Barotrauma is commonly called a squeeze. Squeezes are best prevented by not diving with a nasal and sinus congestion and slow descents.

Affected Area

Middle ear squeeze is the most common form of barotraumas. This will cause immediate pain in the ear. If the descent is continued without equalization the eardrum may eventually rupture. If the eardrums ruptures the pain may go away immediately. When the ear drum ruptures, the result may be immediate vertigo and nausea, permanent hearing loss and tinnitus.

Sinus squeeze is cause by blocked passages that vent the sinuses to the upper respiratory passages. This can result in excruciating pain above, below or behind the eyes. Bleeding from nose may occur. Suit squeeze is caused by a pocket of air that becomes trapped under a fold or fitting and pinches the skin in the fold area. This can cause local pain and formation of blisters.

Treatment  Stop descent.  Ascend a few feet.  Avoid forceful Valsalva (clearing).  Abort dive if efforts to clear fail.  For a reverse squeeze, or symptoms on ascent, stop ascent, descend a couple of feet attempt to clear, and ascend slowly. Never attempt to clear while ascending.

THERMAL STRESS

Hyperthermia The rise in body core temperature. A divers is susceptible to heat stress when his/her body is unable to dissipate heat. This condition may be the result of excessive hot water or a dry suit insulating the diver too well from the outside water. No matter what the cause, this is a potentially dangerous situation that demands prompt attention. Symptoms Mild to Moderate  Frontal headache  Nausea

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 Weakness  Excessive fatigue  Dizziness

Severe Hyperthermia  Disorientation  Tremors  Loss of consciousness  Seizures Treatment  Never use ice or cold water on the whole body, this will cause vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow to skin, which will slow the cooling process.  Place ice packs on the back of the neck, armpits or groin area.  Remove all clothing, spray with lukewarm-to-cool water and then fan.  Oral fluid replacement should begin as soon as the victim can drink and continue until he has urinated pale to clear urine several times.

Hypothermia Immersion hypothermia is a potential hazard whenever diving operations take place in cool to cold water.

Symptoms Cold sensations, skin vasoconstriction, increased muscle tension  Sporadic shivering, gross shivering in bouts, uncontrollable shivering  Mental confusion, impairment of rational thought  Loss of memory, speech impairment , sensory function impairment  Hallucinations, delusions, partial loss of consciousness  Shivering stopped, failure to recognize familiar people  Muscles rigid, no response to pain  Ventricular fibrillation  Death

Treatment DO NOT INSTITUTE REWARMING WITH SEVERE CASES OF HYPOTHERMIA. CPR SHOULD NOT BE INITIATED IN A PATIENT WHO IS BREATHING. CPR SHOULD NOT BE INITIATED ON A SEVERELY HYPOTHERMIC DIVER UNLESS IT CAN BE DETERMINED THAT THE HEART REALLY HAS STOPPED OR PATIENT IS IN VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION  Remove all wet clothing.  Wrap victim in a blanket.  Place in an area protected from wind.  If possible, place in a warm area.  Warm in shower or bath temped.

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INJURED DIVER IN THE WATER

 Diver informs topside and dive is aborted.  Alert standby diver.  Diver determines nature and extent of their injury.  If required, send standby diver down to assist diver, administer first aid, and evaluate injury. Standby diver should remain with diver.  Standby diver assists injured diver to surface, following proper decompression procedures, except when severity of injury indicates a greater risk than omitting decompression.  Request required medical assistance and emergency evacuation (if required).  Monitor breathing. If breathing stops overpressure diver’s regulator to assist diver in breathing.

BENDS OR AIR EMBOLISM

If there is any doubt, begin to handle situation as if it is a confirmed Hyperbaric emergency.

Contact the Site Director and the Diving Supervisor

No strong pain relievers or sedatives shall be administered to an injured diver until it has been clearly determined that the diver does not have decompression sickness and only then upon the advice of a qualified physician, Barge Medic, or Diving EMT

1. If NOT in the immediate vicinity of the recompression chamber - after work or off site  Put diver in diving accident, shock position and administer 100% O2 by mask.  Begin immediate transport to the chamber designated in the dive plan.  As soon as possible, notify diving person in charge and BUFFALO INDUSTRIAL DIVING COMPANY, INC. office.  Tender/person in charge will be prepared to take command of Hyperbaric first aid during transportation. (Be aware, the average Para-medic is not familiar with diving problems).  Tender/person in charge should collect all dive related records and go with diver to place of treatment.

2. If IN the immediate vicinity of the decompression chamber -  Put diver in diving accident, shock position. Treat in accordance with the U.S. Navy treatment tables.  As soon as possible, notify diving person in charge and BUFFALO INDUSTRIAL DIVING COMPANY, INC. office.

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 As soon as possible after treatment the diver must be seen by a diving doctor for clearance to dive.  No diver shall be allowed to dive for a period of at least 12 hours following treatment of the bends, pain only type.  No diver shall be allowed to dive following treatment from a bends case exhibiting serious symptoms, until he has received medical clearance from a physician recognized by the employer as being qualified.

NON-SPECIFIC EMERGENCY OR UNSAFE CONDITIONS

The diving supervisor (person in charge) and/or the diver may stop all diving activity at any time, when in their opinion, an unsafe condition exists or is likely to exist.

The unsafe condition will be corrected and documented prior to the continuation of any diving activity.

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Any accident causing injury to a diver shall be investigated and the standard Incident Report completed and processed. If the investigation shows a method or procedure to be the cause, it shall be eliminated or modified to be safe. The process will be documented

WEATHER

Diving in out-of-doors areas will not take place during electrical storms.

OMITTED DECOMPRESSION

Place diver in recompression chamber and run on omitted decompression table Or Return to water and decompress at: 40 Ft. for 1/4 of 10 Ft. stop time 30 Ft. for 1/3 of 10 Ft. stop time 20 Ft. for 1/2 of 10 Ft. stop time 10 Ft. for 1 1/2 of 10 Ft stop time This procedure is valid only if - 1. There has been a maximum surface interval of 5 minutes. 2. There are no symptoms of decompression sickness. 3. Chamber is not available.

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RECORD KEEPING

DAILY RUNNING LOG A daily running log will be kept of all activities involved with the diving operations. Anyone in the crew who may have information to contribute will update the log. The log will contain, but not be limited to Diver times in and out of water Unusual findings or occurrences Verbal orders by engineers or other supervisors Information pertaining to equipment set up and knock down Anything, which may be of future interest

EQUIPMENT REPAIR / MODIFICATION LOG

All repairs, tests, and or modifications to any, and all, equipment will be logged on Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc. equipment repair / modification sheets available at all dive sites.

INDIVIDUAL DIVE RECORDS

Individual dive/diver records will be kept for every dive where a diver actually enters the water and works at, or below the surface.

NORMAL MEDICAL PROBLEMS

1. Treat as appropriate with normal first aid procedures. 2. If accident occurred to diver in the water monitor for possible bends or embolism

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PROCEDURES FOR HAZARDOUS / CONTAMINATED DIVING

TRAINING

Work involving Hazardous Materials as defined below will be performed only by those individuals currently HazWoper certified as stipulated by OSHA regulations.

DEFINITION

Our work requires that divers at times undertake hazardous or contaminated diving. This Procedure Manual defines hazardous/contaminated diving as entrance into waters containing sewage, oil or chemical waste. This Procedure does not address nuclear diving or diving in contact with materials (acid, alkali, pesticides) that cause physical harm immediately upon human contact. It is the basic intention of the Procedures defined below to prevent any contact between the hazardous/contaminated environment and the diver or his topside support personnel.

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Potential hazards should be identified in advance, if possible, to define problems and prepare any special procedures, which could be beneficial. This will include consultation with the Owner, Client or Engineer to obtain environmental information and/or chemical analyses or other available data. The Diving Supervisor will also make every effort to question site personnel and observe conditions such as marine life, oil sheen, chemical odors or floating waste. Monitoring equipment will be utilized as necessary to diagnose potentially combustible atmospheres, lack of oxygen, presence of hydrogen sulfide, Etc. The Diving Supervisor should immediately contact the "BIDCO" Safety Officer for direction if unusual or unexpected conditions are encountered.

EQUIPMENT

This Procedure section defines the specialized equipment required for general hazardous / contaminated diving. The Diving Supervisor should recognize that additional equipment might be required for special situations and he should contact the Safety Officer as appropriate. 1. Only personnel wearing a drysuit will undertake Hazardous / contaminated diving. Vulcanized rubber is preferred to neoprene for effective decontamination and wash down. 2. A backup drysuit will be available on site in case of damage to the watertight integrity of the primary suit. 3. The diver to ensure watertight integrity of the hands will wear “Cuff rings” with latex gloves. 4. Full helmet type headdress will be worn for hazardous/contaminated diving. The hat will incorporate a "double" exhaust valve to ensure complete watertight integrity.

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5. The headgear neck dam will be clamped to the drysuit neck yoke to ensure watertight integrity. 6. Complete chafing gear including coveralls, boots and gloves will be worn by the diver to maintain watertight integrity of the diver's dress. In special circumstances such as confined penetrations additional chafing gear may be required. 7. Tenders and other topside support personnel directly contacting the diver, umbilical or contaminated equipment shall be outfitted with complete splash protection including goggles, rain gear, rubber boots and gauntlet or latex gloves. 8. Topside personnel will be required to don appropriate respirator/breathing equipment if airborne mist, splash or spray is encountered.

DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

General decontamination procedures for personnel and equipment are identified below. The Diving Supervisor should immediately contact the Safety Officer if unusual or unexpected conditions are encountered. The diver decontamination will include at least a preliminary wash down, a staged scrub-down and final rinse. The preliminary wash down will be conducted as the diver leaves the water in an attempt to remove the maximum amount of contamination and debris from the diver's gear. Wash down water will be delivered at the maximum force and temperature available/appropriate and the effluent directed into the dive site or collected for proper disposal. 1. Upon leaving the water the diver will remain fully dressed and be decontaminated by a hot water scrub-down with one of the following detergent degreasers: "Simple Green", "Now", or "Hefty Blue". MSDS Sheets for these scrub-down chemicals are filed in the MSDS reference book. 2. Multiple scrub-downs may be required to decontaminate the diver. Each scrub-down will occur only within the circumscribed decontamination area and only by fully protected support personnel. 3. The diver will be subjected to a final clean hot water rinse after scrub-downs. Chafing gear may be removed as appropriate. The diver can leave the decontamination area and his hat can be removed upon completion of the rinse. 4. Effluent from the diver decontamination will be contained and directed back into the dive site or handled by a specialized and qualified environmental clean up company. 5. Tarps, containers and other decontamination equipment will receive proper off-site handling and disposal. 6. A dedicated source of clean disinfectant rinse will be available for the face and hands of the decontaminated diver and topside support personnel.

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7. Topside personnel will be decontaminated in accordance with the previously defined procedures for diving personnel. 8. Any minor cuts, abrasions, rashes or breaks of the skin will be reported in the dive log and receive immediate first-aid. 9. Diving gear other than the diver's dress will be decontaminated by the sequence of procedures identified above. Decontamination water at temperatures of 180 degrees Fahrenheit will be utilized if available.

DIVING PROCEDURES

DIVING TABLES

Only US Navy or company approved Tables for diving with Air and Air Mixtures will be used. When diving altitude, approved tables for the appropriate altitude will be followed.

TENDERS

Tender-divers shall be trained and qualified. They will be restricted to depths of less than 75 depth unless a Diving Supervisor is present.

LIVE BOATING AND RESTRICTED ASCENT

When live boating is being conducted or when direct ascent to the surface is restricted (such as entry into a tunnel), a reserve gas supply as described under “Mixed Gas Dives” must be available at all times.

SELF CONTAINED DIVING (SCUBA)

SCUBA will seldom be used. It will only be utilized in the following conditions:  When the “buddy system” is in use with two divers in the water maintaining constant (visual or physical) contact with each other  Clear communications (either wireless or wire type) are maintained between the SCUBA diver and the surface. If wireless communications are used, a positive location means must e provided.  A safety line between the diver and a surface tender is in use providing communications through the use of “pull signals” on a safety line.

SCUBA diving shall be used for short inspection dives and light to moderate work dives of short duration. SCUBA shall not be used for dives requiring decompression. It shall not be used to depths greater than 130 feet. It shall not be used after dark or in swift current. When using SCUBA equipment, the diver will always wear an inflatable life jacket.

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AIR DIVES

Air dives will not be conducted at depths of over 220 feet for 40 minutes

REPETITIVE DIVES

After repetitive air diving utilizing surface decompression, the maximum bottom time to be utilized on the initial dive is that which places the diver in Repetitive Group “O”. A second dive may now be made for the bottom time indicated for the Repetitive Dive Group “N”, minus the residual N2 penalty. The diver must not dive again until he has had a twelve-hour surface interval.

MIXED GAS DIVES

For surface-supplied air or mixed gas dives in which decompression is required, a secondary breathing supply must be available at the surface in the event of the failure of the primary surface supply. This secondary breathing supply must be capable of supplying sufficient gases for the diver to make a routine completion of his required decompression schedule.

DEEP AIR DIVES

For dives deeper than 100 feet, the diver must use equipment with a reserve air supply capable of life support for a minimum of three minutes at the working depth. This system must function independently of surface control or surface reserve supplies.

HELIUM OXYGEN (HeO2) DIVES

Any divers deeper that one hundred and seventy feet for fifty minute bottom times will be conducted using HeO2. A qualified Diving Supervisor and required support personnel and equipment will be on board.

NITROX PROCEDURES

Only individuals trained in the use of Nitrox gas mixtures will be allowed to dive Nitrox. Only the following approved procedure is to be used for all dives requiring in water decompression or any dives where SurDO2 tables are used. This procedure also may be used as a precautionary procedure during no decompression dives during ascent. 1. The diver should make a traveling switch (by full vent) to the 50/50 NITROX mix at 90 Ft. or upon beginning of ascent if shallower than 90 Ft. 2. The diver should continuously breathe the 50/50 NITROX mix to the surface including all in water decompression stops. Due to the fact that the initial exposure to the 50/50 is extremely, short the toxicity of the mix PPO2 would not come into play. (See verification of procedures letter elsewhere.)

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CHAMBER PROCEDURES

The safe operation of the recompression chamber is the responsibility of the Diving Supervisor or the lead diver. Before committing to use, the chamber should be checked for:  Proper air volume and pressure  Oxygen  Oxygen masks, clean  Clean and prepared for occupancy  Proper mechanical condition – gaskets, valves, gauges, lights…  Proper electrical equipment with appropriate grounding  Lighting shall be portable inside chamber, low watt outside chamber  Combustibles should be kept to a minimum inside and around chamber

OXYGEN DECOMPRSSION

FLYING Divers are to avoid flying, except in an emergency, for a period of 12 hours after decompression from a dive requiring decompression stops. In the case of injury, it may be appropriate to fly in a helicopter at low altitude, not to exceed 800 ft.

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INDIVIDUAL DIVE RECORD

AND

REPETITIVE DIVE WORK SHEET

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BUFFALO INDUSTRIAL DIVING COMPANY INC. 220 Katherine Street, Buffalo NY 14201 (716)-847-1111

INDIVIDUAL DIVE RECORD

PROJECT CLIENT: PROJECT NAME:

PROJECT LOCATION: BIDCO PROJECT #: DATE:

DIVE MODE DIVER: TENDER:

PRE-DIVE H.P. EMERGENCY AIR P.S.I.: PRE-DIVE DIVER’S BAILOUT P.S.I.: PRE-DIVE NITROX P.S.I.: PRE-DIVE OXYGEN P.S.I.:

EQUIPMENT: Helmet Mask Wet Suit Dry Suit Hot Water Suit HazMat Encapsulation Other ______

DIVE STATION LOCATION (CIRCLE ONE) Shore Barge Boat Dam Mobile Dive Unit Trailer Inside Building

DECOMPRESSION MODE (CIRCLE ONE} No Decompression In Water Decompression 50/50 NITROX Ascent SurD O2 SurD Air

DIVE PROFILE (Use back of this sheet for all notes and calculations.) LEFT SURFACE: ARRIVE BOTTOM: LEFT BOTTOM: ARRIVE SURFACE: BOTTOM TIME:

MAXIMUM DEPTH OF DIVE: REPETITIVE GROUP AT END OF DIVE:

WORK COMPLETED

DECOMPRESSION PROFILE (Use back of this sheet for all notes and calculations.)

TABLE AND SCHEDULE USED: _____/_____ No Decompression In Water Decompression SurD O2 SurD Air

WAS 50/50 NITROX USED FOR ASCENT FROM 90’ TO SURFACE AND ALL IN WATER STOPS? YES NO WATER STOP 60 FT./ 50 FT./ 40 FT./ 30 FT./ 20 FT./ 10 FT./ TIMES: CHAMBER STOP TIME ARRIVED 40 FT./ 20 FT./ 10 FT./ AIR BREAKS GIVEN? Y N TIMES: ON SURFACE:

DIVER’S SIGNATURE (Optional at the discretion of the Person In Charge or Client,)

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REPETITIVE DIVE WORK SHEET

1. PREVIOUS DIVE BOTTOM TIME = DEPTH OF DIVE = INITIAL REPET. GROUP LETTER =

2. SURFACE INTERVAL RNT FROM TABLE OR TIME ON SURFACE = NEW REPET. GROUP LETTER = BOTTOM TIME OF = PREVIOUS SUR D DIVE

3. EQUIVALENT SINGLE DIVE TIME ACTUAL BOTTOM TOTAL OF RNT+BOTTOM RNT FROM 2 = TIME OF REPET. DIVE = TIME OF REPET. DIVE =

4. NEXT DIVE

TABLE SCHEDULE TO USE FOR NEXT DIVE = / COMPLETE NEW INDIVIDUAL DIVE RECORD FOR THIS DIVE

NOTES AND CALCULATIONS

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APPENDIX A. EMERGENCY CONTACTS – BIDCO

B. HAZARD ANALYSIS CHART

C. INCIDENT / ACCIDENT REPORTING FORMS

D. EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS

E. SPECIFIC EMERGENCY SITE PLAN

F. OSHA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ADC

G. COMMERCIAL DIVING OPERATIONS STANDARDS

H. US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

I. VERIFICATION LETTER FOR NITROX DECOMPRESSION

J. US NAVY DECOMPRESSION TABLES

K. SUPPLEMENTAL ENCLOSURES ON DIVING PROCEDURES

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A. EMERGENCY CONTACTS

BIDCO Marine Group, Inc.

[*BUFFALO INDUSTRIAL DIVING COMPANY*]

Mark Judd, President Home 716-881-0497 Mobile 716-570-8248

Office Phone (716) 773-7767 E-MAIL [email protected]

Company Contacts:

Eric Chenevert, P.E./VP Mobile 716-353-1213

(Insert Project Specific Contacts)

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B. HAZARD ANALYSIS CHART

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C. INCIDENT / ACCIDENT REPORTING FORM

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D. EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBER POSTINGS Buffalo Industrial Diving Company, Inc 220 Katherine St. Buffalo, New York 14210 Phone 1-716-847-1111 e-mail [email protected]

EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS

PROJECT:

LOCAL HOSPITAL RECOMPRESSION CHAMBER ON SITE U.S. COAST GUARD HELICOPTER AMBULANCE 911

To be developed by the dive team once the site is identified and before commencing diving operations

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E. SITE SPECIFIC EMERGENCY PLAN

1. Non-medical emergencies for diving personnel:

BIDCO diving personnel will be responsible to the BIDCO Diving Superintendent in charge of Diving Operations.

Diving personnel will be knowledgeable of BIDCO HSE Procedures concerning Vessel Emergencies and Emergency Response Teams and will follow those procedures.

Diving personnel will be knowledgeable of Abandonment Procedures, Station Bills, and location of firefighting equipment.

2. Medical emergencies for diving personnel with no decompression debt:

BIDCO diving personnel will follow BIDCO'S Medical Management Plan concerning first-aid treatment.

BIDCO diving personnel will follow BIDCO'S Medical Management Plan concerning emergency and non-emergency medical evacuations.

All injuries, incidents and near misses will be reported immediately to the Diving Supervisor.

BIDCO has developed Emergency Response Plans to specific problems encountered during diving operations. These problems include but are not limited to:

Loss of breathing supply o Loss of communications o Fouled diver o Unconscious diver o Injured diver in the water

These problems and the Emergency Response to these problems are listed in the BIDCO safety manual and all diving personnel are trained in the immediate response to these diving emergencies.

In all Emergency Procedures listed in the safety manual, the availability of redundant breathing supplies, alternate communication sources, a dressed-in stand-by diver and a mechanical method of diver retrieval (davit and stage) will be considered in the diving crew's response to each emergency.

The Diving Superintendent will have sole authority for all diving operations' decisions with regards to emergency procedures. The BIDCO HSE Officer will be notified of any

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3. Medical emergencies involving diving personnel with a decompression debt or recompression needs:

The emergency response to this type of situation will be guided by the same emergency procedures listed in the BIDCO safety manual but with high priority given to omitted decompression procedures, recompression and resolution of decompression sickness symptoms. BIDCO Diving Supervisors will follow U.S. Navy decompression and recompression tables in the course of such emergencies. In the case of an injured diver in need of recompression therapy, a dive crew member will assist with first aid treatment on the way to and inside the recompression chamber as recompression continues. The Diving Superintendent will contact the Bidco HSE Officer who in turn will contact the designated diving physician for consultation during treatment procedures. Evacuation of the injured diver or arrival of additional medical help from shore will be coordinated by Bidco.

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F. OSHA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ADC Interpretation of OSHA Standards Letter

OSHA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND ACCEPTANCE OF ADCI DIVER CERTIFICATION CARDS

03/29/2000

Training required for commercial divers

Record Type: Interpretation OSHA Standards Interpretation and Compliance. Standard Number: 1910.410 Subject: Training required for commercial divers. Information Date: 03/29/2000

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March 29, 2000 The Honorable Joseph I. Lieberman Office of U.S. Senator Joseph I. Lieberman One State Street, 14th Floor Hartford, CT 06103

Dear Senator Lieberman,

This is a follow up response to your December 8, 1999 letter on behalf of Mr. Raymond Palumbo regarding commercial diving. In his letter, Mr. Palumbo seeks clarification from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regarding the acceptability of commercial diving schools, training to national consensus standards, and commercial diving licenses in meeting the requirements of 29 CFR Part 1910.410 Qualifications of dive team. Please excuse our delay in responding to this request. OSHA considers an employer to be in compliance with 29 CFR Part 1910.410 requirements if documentation shows that the diver completed training to the appropriate level (e.g., surface-supplied air diver certificate, surface-supplied mixed gas diver certificate) at a commercial diving school within a particular state, military school, and federal school (e.g., Army Corps of Engineers), or an Association of Commercial Diving Educators (ACDE) accredited school. An employer is also in compliance when documented evidence attests to the training level of employed divers under the national consensus standard published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Association of Commercial Diving Educators (ACDE); ANSI/ACDE-01-1998 American National Standard for Divers - Commercial Diver Training - Minimum Standard. There are no commercial diver licensing programs in the United States, however, there is a commercial diver certification card which is issued through the Association of Diving Contractors International (ADC). OSHA considers an employer to be in compliance with 29 CFR Part 1910.410 diver training requirements for any employed diver with a valid "ADC Commercial Diver Certification Card” for the appropriate training level.

Thank you for your interest in occupational safety and health issues. Should you have any questions or require further assistance regarding this matter, please contact Mr. Stephen Butler from our Division of Maritime Compliance Assistance at (202) 693-2153.

Sincerely,

Charles N. Jeffress Assistant Secretary

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G. COMMERCIAL DIVING OPERATIONS STANDARDS

PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

Subpart T Commercial Diving Operations

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PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Subpart T--Commercial Diving Operations

Authority: Sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, and 657); sec. 107, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (the Construction Safety Act) (40 U.S.C. 333); sec. 41, Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 941); Secretary of Labor's Order No. 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR 35736), or 1-90 (55 FR 9033), as applicable; 29 CFR part 1911.

Source: 42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, unless otherwise noted.

General

Sec. 1910.401 Scope and application.

(a) Scope. (1) This subpart (standard) applies to every place of employment within the waters of the United States, or within any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Wake Island, Johnston Island, the Canal Zone, or within the Outer Continental Shelf lands as defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (67 Stat. 462, 43 U.S.C. 1331), where diving and related support operations are performed. (2) This standard applies to diving and related support operations conducted in connection with all types of work and employments, including general industry, construction, ship repairing, shipbuilding, shipbreaking and longshoring. However, this standard does not apply to any diving operation: (i) Performed solely for instructional purposes, using open-circuit, compressed-air SCUBA and conducted within the no-decompression limits; (ii) Performed solely for search, rescue, or related public safety purposes by or under the control of a governmental agency; or (iii) Governed by 45 CFR part 46 (Protection of Human Subjects, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) or equivalent rules or regulations established by another federal agency, which regulate research, development, or related purposes involving human subjects. (iv) Defined as scientific diving and which is under the direction and control of a diving program containing at least the following elements: (A) Diving safety manual, which includes at a minimum: Procedures covering all diving operations specific to the program; procedures for emergency care, including recompression and evacuation; and criteria for diver training and certification.

(B) Diving control (safety) board, with the majority of its members being active divers, which shall at a minimum have the authority to: Approve and monitor diving projects; review and revise the diving safety manual; assure compliance with the manual; certify the depths to which a diver has been trained; take

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disciplinary action for unsafe practices; and, assure adherence to the buddy system (a diver is accompanied by and is in continuous contact with another diver in the water) for SCUBA diving. (b) Application in emergencies. An employer may deviate from the requirements of this standard to the extent necessary to prevent or minimize a situation which is likely to cause death, serious physical harm, or major environmental damage, provided that the employer: (1) Notifies the Area Director, Occupational Safety and Health Administration within 48 hours of the onset of the emergency situation indicating the nature of the emergency and extent of the deviation from the prescribed regulations; and (2) Upon request from the Area Director, submits such information in writing. (c) Employer obligation. The employer shall be responsible for compliance with: (1) All provisions of this standard of general applicability; and (2) All requirements pertaining to specific diving modes to the extent diving operations in such modes are conducted.

[42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 53365, Nov. 26, 1982; 58 FR 35310, June 30, 1993]

Sec. 1910.402 Definitions.

As used in this standard, the listed terms are defined as follows: acfm: Actual cubic feet per minute. ASME Code or equivalent: ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, or an equivalent code which the employer can demonstrate to be equally effective. ATA: Atmosphere absolute. Bell: An enclosed compartment, pressurized (closed bell) or unpressurized (open bell), which allows the diver to be transported to and from the underwater work area and which may be used as a temporary refuge during diving operations. Bottom time: The total elapsed time measured in minutes from the time when the diver leaves the surface in descent to the time that the diver begins ascent. Bursting pressure: The pressure at which a pressure containment device would fail structurally. Cylinder: A pressure vessel for the storage of gases. Decompression chamber: A pressure vessel for human occupancy such as a surface decompression chamber, closed bell, or deep diving system used to decompress divers and to treat decompression sickness.

Decompression sickness: A condition with a variety of symptoms which may result from gas or bubbles in the tissues of divers after pressure reduction. Decompression table: A profile or set of profiles of depth-time relationships for ascent rates and breathing mixtures to be followed after a specific depth-time exposure or exposures. Dive location: A surface or vessel from which a diving operation is conducted.

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Dive-location reserve breathing gas: A supply system of air or mixed-gas (as appropriate) at the dive location which is independent of the primary supply system and sufficient to support divers during the planned decompression. Dive team: Divers and support employees involved in a diving operation, including the designated person-in-charge. Diver: An employee working in water using underwater apparatus which supplies compressed breathing gas at the ambient pressure. Diver-carried reserve breathing gas: A diver-carried supply of air or mixed gas (as appropriate) sufficient under standard operating conditions to allow the diver to reach the surface, or another source of breathing gas, or to be reached by a standby diver. Diving mode: A type of diving requiring specific equipment, procedures and techniques (SCUBA, surface-supplied air, or mixed gas). few: Feet of seawater (or equivalent static pressure head). Heavy gear: Diver-worn deep-sea dress including helmet, breastplate, dry suit, and weighted shoes. Hyperbaric conditions: Pressure conditions in excess of surface pressure. Inwater stage: A suspended underwater platform which supports a diver in the water. Liveboating: The practice of supporting a surfaced-supplied air or mixed gas diver from a vessel which is underway. Mixed-gas diving: A diving mode in which the diver is supplied in the water with a breathing gas other than air. No-decompression limits: The depth-time limits of the ``no-decompression limits and repetitive dive group designation table for no-decompression air dives'', U.S. Navy Diving Manual or equivalent limits which the employer can demonstrate to be equally effective. psi (g): Pounds per square inch (gauge). Scientific diving means diving performed solely as a necessary part of a scientific, research, or educational activity by employees whose sole purpose for diving is to perform scientific research tasks. Scientific diving does not include performing any tasks usually associated with commercial diving such as: Placing or removing heavy objects underwater; inspection of pipelines and similar objects; construction; demolition; cutting or welding; or the use of explosives. SCUBA diving: A diving mode independent of surface supply in which the diver uses open circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. Standby diver: A diver at the dive location available to assist a diver in the water. Surface-supplied air diving: A diving mode in which the diver in the water is supplied from the dive location with compressed air for breathing. Treatment table: A depth-time and breathing gas profile designed to treat decompression sickness. Umbilical: The composite hose bundle between a dive location and a diver or bell, or between a diver and a bell, which supplies the diver or bell with breathing gas, communications, power, or heat as appropriate to the diving mode or conditions, and includes a safety line between the diver and the dive location. Volume tank: A pressure vessel connected to the outlet of a compressor and used as an air reservoir. Working pressure: The maximum pressure to which a pressure containment device may be exposed under standard operating conditions.

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[42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 53365, Nov. 26, 1982] Personnel Requirements

Sec. 1910.410 Qualifications of dive team.

(a) General. (1) Each dive team member shall have the experience or training necessary to perform assigned tasks in a safe and healthful manner. (2) Each dive team member shall have experience or training in the following: (i) The use of tools, equipment and systems relevant to assigned tasks; (ii) Techniques of the assigned diving mode: and (iii) Diving operations and emergency procedures. (3) All dive team members shall be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid (American Red Cross standard course or equivalent). (4) Dive team members who are exposed to or control the exposure of others to hyperbaric conditions shall be trained in diving-related physics and physiology. (b) Assignments. (1) Each dive team member shall be assigned tasks in accordance with the employee's experience or training, except that limited additional tasks may be assigned to an employee undergoing training provided that these tasks are performed under the direct supervision of an experienced dive team member. (2) The employer shall not require a dive team member to be exposed to hyperbaric conditions against the employee's will, except when necessary to complete decompression or treatment procedures. (3) The employer shall not permit a dive team member to dive or be otherwise exposed to hyperbaric conditions for the duration of any temporary physical impairment or condition which is known to the employer and is likely to affect adversely the safety or health of a dive team member. (b) Designated person-in-charge. (1) The employer or an employee designated by the employer shall be at the dive location in charge of all aspects of the diving operation affecting the safety and health of dive team members. (2) The designated person-in-charge shall have experience and training in the conduct of the assigned diving operation.

General Operations Procedures

Sec. 1910.420 Safe practices manual. (a) General. (b) The employer shall develop and maintain a safe practices manual which shall be made available at the dive location to each dive team member. (c) Contents. (1) The safe practices manual shall contain a copy of this standard and the employer's policies for implementing the requirements of this standard. (2) For each diving mode engaged in, the safe practices manual shall include: (i) Safety procedures and checklists for diving operations; (ii) Assignments and responsibilities of the dive team members; (iii) Equipment procedures and checklists; and

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(iv) Emergency procedures for fire, equipment failure, adverse environmental conditions, and medical illness and injury. [42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984]

Sec. 1910.421 Pre-dive procedures.

(a) General. The employer shall comply with the following requirements prior to each diving operation, unless otherwise specified. (b) Emergency aid. A list shall be kept at the dive location of the telephone or call numbers of the following: (1) An operational decompression chamber (if not at the dive location); (2) Accessible hospitals; (3) Available physicians; (4) Available means of transportation; and (5) The nearest U.S. Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center. (c) First aid supplies. (1) A first aid kit appropriate for the diving operation and approved by a physician shall be available at the dive location. (2) When used in a decompression chamber or bell, the first aid kit shall be suitable for use under hyperbaric conditions. (3) In addition to any other first aid supplies, an American Red Cross standard first aid handbook or equivalent, and a bag-type manual resuscitator with transparent mask and tubing shall be available at the dive location. (d) Planning and assessment. Planning of a diving operation shall include an assessment of the safety and health aspects of the following: (1) Diving mode; (2) Surface and underwater conditions and hazards; (3) Breathing gas supply (including reserves); (4) Thermal protection; (5) Diving equipment and systems; (6) Dive team assignments and physical fitness of dive team members (including any impairment known to the employer); (7) Repetitive dive designation or residual inert gas status of dive team members; (8) Decompression and treatment procedures (including altitude corrections); and (9) Emergency procedures. (e) Hazardous activities. To minimize hazards to the dive team, diving operations shall be coordinated with other activities in the vicinity which are likely to interfere with the diving operation. (f) Employee briefing. (1) Dive team members shall be briefed on: (i) The tasks to be undertaken; (ii) Safety procedures for the diving mode; (iii) Any unusual hazards or environmental conditions likely to affect the safety of the diving operation; and (iv) Any modifications to operating procedures necessitated by the specific diving operation. (2) Prior to making individual dive team member assignments, the employer shall inquire into the dive team member's current state of physical fitness, and indicate to BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 49

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the dive team member the procedure for reporting physical problems or adverse physiological effects during and after the dive. (g) Equipment inspection. The breathing gas supply system including reserve breathing gas supplies, masks, helmets, thermal protection, and bell handling mechanism (when appropriate) shall be inspected prior to each dive. (h) Warning signal. When diving from surfaces other than vessels in areas capable of supporting marine traffic, a rigid replica of the international code flag ``A'' at least one meter in height shall be displayed at the dive location in a manner which allows all- round visibility, and shall be illuminated during night diving operations.

[42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 14706, Apr. 6, 1982; 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989]

Sec. 1910.422 Procedures during dive.

(a) General. The employer shall comply with the following requirements which are applicable to each diving operation unless otherwise specified. (b) Water entry and exit. (1) A means capable of supporting the diver shall be provided for entering and exiting the water. (2) The means provided for exiting the water shall extend below the water surface. (3) A means shall be provided to assist an injured diver from the water or into a bell. (c) Communications. (1) An operational two-way voice communication system shall be used between: (i) Each surface-supplied air or mixed-gas diver and a dive team member at the dive location or bell (when provided or required); and (ii) The bell and the dive location. (2) An operational, two-way communication system shall be available at the dive location to obtain emergency assistance. (d) Decompression tables. Decompression, repetitive, and no-decompression tables (as appropriate) shall be at the dive location. (e) Dive profiles. A depth-time profile, including when appropriate any breathing gas changes, shall be maintained for each diver during the dive including decompression. (f) Hand-held power tools and equipment. (1) Hand-held electrical tools and equipment shall be de-energized before being placed into or retrieved from the water. (2) Hand-held power tools shall not be supplied with power from the dive location until requested by the diver. (g) Welding and burning. (1) A current supply switch to interrupt the current flow to the welding or burning electrode shall be: (i) Tended by a dive team member in voice communication with the diver performing the welding or burning; and (ii) Kept in the open position except when the diver is welding or burning. (2) The welding machine frame shall be grounded. (3) Welding and burning cables, electrode holders, and connections shall be capable of carrying the maximum current required by the work, and shall be properly insulated. (4) Insulated gloves shall be provided to divers performing welding and burning operations.

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(5) Prior to welding or burning on closed compartments, structures or pipes, which contain a flammable vapor or in which a flammable vapor may be generated by the work, they shall be vented, flooded, or purged with a mixture of gases which will not support combustion. (h) Explosives. (1) Employers shall transport, store, and use explosives in accordance with this section and the applicable provisions of Sec. 1910.109 and Sec. 1926.912 of Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (2) Electrical continuity of explosive circuits shall not be tested until the diver is out of the water. (3) Explosives shall not be detonated while the diver is in the water. (i) Termination of dive. The working interval of a dive shall be terminated when: (1) A diver requests termination; (2) A diver fails to respond correctly to communications or signals from a dive team member; (3) Communications are lost and can not be quickly re-established between the diver and a dive team member at the dive location, and between the designated person-in- charge and the person controlling the vessel in liveboating operations; or (4) A diver begins to use diver-carried reserve breathing gas or the dive-location reserve breathing gas.

Sec. 1910.423 Post-dive procedures.

(a) General. The employer shall comply with the following requirements which are applicable after each diving operation, unless otherwise specified. (b) Precautions. (1) After the completion of any dive, the employer shall: (i) Check the physical condition of the diver; (ii) Instruct the diver to report any physical problems or adverse physiological effects including symptoms of decompression sickness; (iii) Advise the diver of the location of a decompression chamber which is ready for use; and (iv) Alert the diver to the potential hazards of flying after diving. (2) For any dive outside the no-decompression limits, deeper than 100 fsw or using mixed gas as a breathing mixture, the employer shall instruct the diver to remain awake and in the vicinity of the decompression chamber which is at the dive location for at least one hour after the dive (including decompression or treatment as appropriate). (c) Recompression capability. (1) A decompression chamber capable of recompressing the diver at the surface to a minimum of 165 fsw (6 ATA) shall be available at the dive location for: (i) Surface-supplied air diving to depths deeper than 100 fsw and shallower than 220 fsw; (ii) Mixed gas diving shallower than 300 fsw; or (iii) Diving outside the no-decompression limits shallower than 300 fsw. (2) A decompression chamber capable of recompressing the diver at the surface to the maximum depth of the dive shall be available at the dive location for dives deeper than 300 fsw. (3) The decompression chamber shall be: (i) Dual-lock; BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 51

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(ii) Multiplace; and (iii) Located within 5 minutes of the dive location. (4) The decompression chamber shall be equipped with: (i) A pressure gauge for each pressurized compartment designed for human occupancy; (ii) A built-in-breathing-system with a minimum of one mask per occupant; (iii) A two-way voice communication system between occupants and a dive team member at the dive location; (iv) A viewport; and (v) Illumination capability to light the interior. (5) Treatment tables, treatment gas appropriate to the diving mode, and sufficient gas to conduct treatment shall be available at the dive location. (6) A dive team member shall be available at the dive location during and for at least one hour after the dive to operate the decompression chamber (when required or provided). (d) Record of dive. (1) The following information shall be recorded and maintained for each diving operation: (i) Names of dive team members including designated person-in-charge; (ii) Date, time, and location; (iii) Diving modes used; (iv) General nature of work performed; (v) Approximate underwater and surface conditions (visibility, water temperature and current); and (vi) Maximum depth and bottom time for each diver. (2) For each dive outside the no-decompression limits, deeper than 100 fsw or using mixed gas, the following additional information shall be recorded and maintained: (i) Depth-time and breathing gas profiles; (ii) Decompression table designation (including modification); and (iii) Elapsed time since last pressure exposure if less than 24 hours or repetitive dive designation for each diver. (3) For each dive in which decompression sickness is suspected or symptoms are evident, the following additional information shall be recorded and maintained: (i) Description of decompression sickness symptoms (including depth and time of onset); and (ii) Description and results of treatment. (e) Decompression procedure assessment. The employer shall: (1) Investigate and evaluate each incident of decompression sickness based on the recorded information, consideration of the past performance of decompression table used, and individual susceptibility; (2) Take appropriate corrective action to reduce the probability of recurrence of decompression sickness; and (3) Prepare a written evaluation of the decompression procedure assessment, including any corrective action taken, within 45 days of the incident of decompression sickness.

[42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984]

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Specific Operations Procedures

Sec. 1910.424 SCUBA diving.

(a) General. Employers engaged in SCUBA diving shall comply with the following requirements, unless otherwise specified. (b) Limits. SCUBA diving shall not be conducted: (1) At depths deeper than 130 fsw; (2) At depths deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits unless a decompression chamber is ready for use; (3) Against currents exceeding one (1) knot unless line-tended; or (4) In enclosed or physically confining spaces unless line-tended. (c) Procedures. (1) A standby diver shall be available while a diver is in the water. (2) A diver shall be line-tended from the surface, or accompanied by another diver in the water in continuous visual contact during the diving operations. (3) A diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces. (4) A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver consisting of: (i) A manual reserve (J valve); or (ii) An independent reserve cylinder with a separate regulator or connected to the underwater breathing apparatus. (5) The valve of the reserve breathing gas supply shall be in the closed position prior to the dive.

Sec. 1910.425 Surface-supplied air diving.

(a) General. Employers engaged in surface-supplied air diving shall comply with the following requirements, unless otherwise specified. (b) Limits. (1) Surface-supplied air diving shall not be conducted at depths deeper than 190 fsw, except that dives with bottom times of 30 minutes or less may be conducted to depths of 220 fsw. (2) A decompression chamber shall be ready for use at the dive location for any dive outside the no-decompression limits or deeper than 100 fsw. (3) A bell shall be used for dives with an inwater decompression time greater than 120 minutes, except when heavy gear is worn or diving is conducted in physically confining spaces. (c) Procedures. (1) Each diver shall be continuously tended while in the water. (2) A diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces. (3) Each diving operation shall have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive including decompression. (4) For dives deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits: (i) A separate dive team member shall tend each diver in the water; (ii) A standby diver shall be available while a diver is in the water;

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(iii) A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver except when heavy gear is worn; and (iv) A dive-location reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided. (5) For heavy-gear diving deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits: (i) An extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water shall be available to the standby diver. (ii) An inwater stage shall be provided to divers in the water. (6) Except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided whenever the diver is prevented by the configuration of the dive area from ascending directly to the surface.

Sec. 1910.426 Mixed-gas diving.

(a) General. Employers engaged in mixed-gas diving shall comply with the following requirements, unless otherwise specified. (b) Limits. Mixed-gas diving shall be conducted only when: (1) A decompression chamber is ready for use at the dive location; and (i) A bell is used at depths greater than 220 fsw or when the dive involves inwater decompression time of greater than 120 minutes, except when heavy gear is worn or when diving in physically confining spaces; or (ii) A closed bell is used at depths greater than 300 fsw, except when diving is conducted in physically confining spaces. (c) Procedures. (1) A separate dive team member shall tend each diver in the water. (2) A standby diver shall be available while a diver is in the water. (3) A diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces. (4) Each diving operation shall have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive including decompression. (5) Each diving operation shall have a dive-location reserve breathing gas supply. (6) When heavy gear is worn: (i) An extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water shall be available to the standby diver; and (ii) An inwater stage shall be provided to divers in the water. (7) An inwater stage shall be provided for divers without access to a bell for dives deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits. (8) When a closed bell is used, one dive team member in the bell shall be available and tend the diver in the water. (9) Except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver: (i) Diving deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits; or (ii) Prevented by the configuration of the dive area from directly ascending to the surface.

Sec. 1910.427 Liveboating.

(a) General. Employers engaged in diving operations involving liveboating shall comply with the following requirements. BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 54

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(b) Limits. Diving operations involving liveboating shall not be conducted: (1) With an inwater decompression time of greater than 120 minutes; (2) Using surface-supplied air at depths deeper than 190 fsw, except that dives with bottom times of 30 minutes or less may be conducted to depths of 220 fsw; (3) Using mixed gas at depths greater than 220 fsw; (4) In rough seas which significantly impede diver mobility or work function; or (5) In other than daylight hours. (c) Procedures. (1) The propeller of the vessel shall be stopped before the diver enters or exits the water. (2) A device shall be used which minimizes the possibility of entanglement of the diver's hose in the propeller of the vessel. (3) Two-way voice communication between the designated person-in-charge and the person controlling the vessel shall be available while the diver is in the water. (4) A standby diver shall be available while a diver is in the water. (5) A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be carried by each diver engaged in liveboating operations.

Equipment Procedures and Requirements

Sec. 1910.430 Equipment.

(a) General. (1) All employers shall comply with the following requirements, unless otherwise specified. (2) Each equipment modification, repair, test, calibration or maintenance service shall be recorded by means of a tagging or logging system, and include the date and nature of work performed, and the name or initials of the person performing the work. (b) Air compressor system. (1) Compressors used to supply air to the diver shall be equipped with a volume tank with a check valve on the inlet side, a pressure gauge, a relief valve, and a drain valve. (2) Air compressor intakes shall be located away from areas containing exhaust or other contaminants. (3) Respirable air supplied to a diver shall not contain: (i) A level of carbon monoxide (CO) greater than 20 p/m; (ii) A level of carbon dioxide (CO2) greater than 1,000 p/m; (iii) A level of oil mist greater than 5 milligrams per cubic meter; or (iv) A noxious or pronounced odor. (4) The output of air compressor systems shall be tested for air purity every 6 months by means of samples taken at the connection to the distribution system, except that non-oil lubricated compressors need not be tested for oil mist. (c) Breathing gas supply hoses. (1) Breathing gas supply hoses shall: (i) Have a working pressure at least equal to the working pressure of the total breathing gas system; (ii) Have a rated bursting pressure at least equal to 4 times the working pressure; (iii) Be tested at least annually to 1.5 times their working pressure; and (iv) Have their open ends taped, capped or plugged when not in use. BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 55

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(2) Breathing gas supply hose connectors shall: (i) Be made of corrosion-resistant materials; (ii) Have a working pressure at least equal to the working pressure of the hose to which they are attached; and (iii) Be resistant to accidental disengagement. (3) Umbilicals shall: (i) Be marked in 10-ft. increments to 100 feet beginning at the diver's end, and in 50 ft. increments thereafter; (ii) Be made of kink-resistant materials; and (iii) Have a working pressure greater than the pressure equivalent to the maximum depth of the dive (relative to the supply source) plus 100 psi. (d) Buoyancy control. (1) Helmets or masks connected directly to the dry suit or other buoyancy-changing equipment shall be equipped with an exhaust valve. (2) A dry suit or other buoyancy-changing equipment not directly connected to the helmet or mask shall be equipped with an exhaust valve. (3) When used for SCUBA diving, a buoyancy compensator shall have an inflation source separate from the breathing gas supply. (4) An inflatable flotation device capable of maintaining the diver at the surface in a face-up position, having a manually activated inflation source independent of the breathing supply, an oral inflation device, and an exhaust valve shall be used for SCUBA diving. (e) Compressed gas cylinders. Compressed gas cylinders shall: (1) Be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable provisions of 29 CFR 1910.101 and 1910.169 through 1910.171. (2) Be stored in a ventilated area and protected from excessive heat; (3) Be secured from falling; and (4) Have shut-off valves recessed into the cylinder or protected by a cap, except when in use or manifolded, or when used for SCUBA diving. (f) Decompression chambers. (1) Each decompression chamber manufactured after the effective date of this standard, shall be built and maintained in accordance with the ASME Code or equivalent. (2) Each decompression chamber manufactured prior to the effective date of this standard shall be maintained in conformity with the code requirements to which it was built, or equivalent. (3) Each decompression chamber shall be equipped with: (i) Means to maintain the atmosphere below a level of 25 percent oxygen by volume; (ii) Mufflers on intake and exhaust lines, which shall be regularly inspected and maintained; (iii) Suction guards on exhaust line openings; and (iv) A means for extinguishing fire, and shall be maintained to minimize sources of ignition and combustible material. (g) Gauges and timekeeping devices. (1) Gauges indicating diver depth which can be read at the dive location shall be used for all dives except SCUBA.

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(2) Each depth gauge shall be deadweight tested or calibrated against a master reference gauge every 6 months, and when there is a discrepancy greater than two percent (2 percent) of full scale between any two equivalent gauges. (3) A cylinder pressure gauge capable of being monitored by the diver during the dive shall be worn by each SCUBA diver. (4) A timekeeping device shall be available at each dive location. (h) Masks and helmets. (1) Surface-supplied air and mixed-gas masks and helmets shall have: (i) A non-return valve at the attachment point between helmet or mask and hose which shall close readily and positively; and (ii) An exhaust valve. (2) Surface-supplied air masks and helmets shall have a minimum ventilation rate capability of 4.5 Acfm at any depth at which they are operated or the capability of maintaining the diver's inspired carbon dioxide partial pressure below 0.02 ATA when the diver is producing carbon dioxide at the rate of 1.6 standard liters per minute. (i) Oxygen safety. (1) Equipment used with oxygen or mixtures containing over forty percent (40%) by volume oxygen shall be designed for oxygen service. (2) Components (except umbilicals) exposed to oxygen or mixtures containing over forty percent (40%) by volume oxygen shall be cleaned of flammable materials before use. (3) Oxygen systems over 125 psig and compressed air systems over 500 psig shall have slow-opening shut-off valves. (j) Weights and harnesses. (1) Except when heavy gear is worn, divers shall be equipped with a weight belt or assembly capable of quick release. (2) Except when heavy gear is worn or in SCUBA diving, each diver shall wear a safety harness with: (i) A positive buckling device; (ii) An attachment point for the umbilical to prevent strain on the mask or helmet; and (iii) A lifting point to distribute the pull force of the line over the diver's body.

[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984; 51 FR 33033, Sept. 18, 1986]

Record keeping

Sec. 1910.440 Record keeping requirements.

(a)(1) [Reserved] (2) The employer shall record the occurrence of any diving-related injury or illness which requires any dive team member to be hospitalized for 24 hours or more, specifying the circumstances of the incident and the extent of any injuries or illnesses.

(b) Availability of records. (1) Upon the request of the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, or the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health and Human Services of their designees, the BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 57

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employer shall make available for inspection and copying any record or document required by this standard. (2) Records and documents required by this standard shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (a)-(e) and (g)-(i). Safe practices manuals (Sec. 1910.420), depth- time profiles (Sec. 1910.422), recordings of dives (Sec. 1910.423), decompression procedure assessment evaluations (Sec. 1910.423), and records of hospitalizations (Sec. 1910.440) shall be provided in the same manner as employee exposure records or analyses using exposure or medical records. Equipment inspections and testing records which pertain to employees (Sec. 1910.430) shall also be provided upon request to employees and their designated representatives. (3) Records and documents required by this standard shall be retained by the employer for the following period: (i) Dive team member medical records (physician's reports) (Sec. 1910.411)--5 years; (ii) Safe practices manual (Sec. 1910.420)--current document only; (iii) Depth-time profile (Sec. 1910.422)--until completion of the recording of dive, or until completion of decompression procedure assessment where there has been an incident of decompression sickness; (iv) Recording of dive (Sec. 1910.423)--1 year, except 5 years where there has been an incident of decompression sickness; (v) Decompression procedure assessment evaluations (Sec. 1910.423)--5 years; (vi) Equipment inspections and testing records (Sec. 1910.430)--current entry or tag, or until equipment is withdrawn from service; (vii) Records of hospitalizations (Sec. 1910.440)--5 years. (4) After the expiration of the retention period of any record required to be kept for five (5) years, the employer shall forward such records to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health and Human Services. The employer shall also comply with any additional requirements set forth at 29 CFR 1910.20(h). (5) In the event the employer ceases to do business: (i) The successor employer shall receive and retain all dive and employee medical records required by this standard; or (ii) If there is no successor employer, dive and employee medical records shall be forwarded to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health and Human Services.

[42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 35281, May 23, 1980; 47 FR 14706, Apr. 6, 1982; 51 FR 34562, Sept. 29, 1986; 61 FR 9242, Mar. 7, 1996]

Sec. 1910.441 Effective date.

This standard shall be effective on October 20, 1977, except that for provisions where decompression chambers or bells are required and such equipment is not yet available, employers shall comply as soon as possible thereafter but in no case later than 6 months after the effective date of the standard.

Appendix A to Subpart T to Part 1910--Examples of Conditions Which May Restrict or Limit Exposure to Hyperbaric Conditions BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 58

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The following disorders may restrict or limit occupational exposure to hyperbaric conditions depending on severity, presence of residual effects, response to therapy, number of occurrences, diving mode, or degree and duration of isolation.  History of seizure disorder other than early febrile convulsions.  Malignancies (active) unless treated and without recurrence for 5 yrs.  Chronic inability to equalize sinus and/or middle ear pressure.  Cystic or cavity disease of the lungs.  Impaired organ function caused by alcohol or drug use.  Conditions requiring continuous medication for control (e.g., antihistamines, steroids, barbiturates, mood altering drugs, or insulin).  Meniere's disease.  Hemoglobinopathies.  Obstructive or restrictive lung disease.  Vestibular end organ destruction.  Pneumothorax.  Cardiac abnormalities (e.g., pathological heart block, a valve disease, intraventricular conduction defects other than isolated right bundle branch block, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease).  Juxta-articular osteonecrosis.

Appendix B to Subpart T to Part 1910--Guidelines for Scientific Diving

This appendix contains guidelines that will be used in conjunction with Sec. 1910.401(a)(2)(iv) to determine those scientific diving programs which are exempt from the requirements for commercial diving. The guidelines are as follows: 1. The Diving Control Board consists of a majority of active scientific divers and has autonomous and absolute authority over the scientific diving program's operations. 2. The purpose of the project using scientific diving is the advancement of science; therefore, information and data resulting from the project are non-proprietary. 3. The tasks of a scientific diver are those of an observer and data gatherer. Construction and trouble-shooting tasks traditionally associated with commercial diving are not included within scientific diving. 4. Scientific divers, based on the nature of their activities, must use scientific expertise in studying the underwater environment and, therefore, are scientists or scientists in training. [50 FR 1050, Jan. 9, 1985]

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H. US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS DIVING REGULATIONS

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CONTRACT DIVING REGULATIONS (SECTION 30)

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SECTION 30

CONTRACT DIVING OPERATIONS

30.A GENERAL

30.A.01 Diving shall not be utilized as a work method if the work objective can be more safely and efficiently accomplished by another means, e.g., using remote controlled television systems in lieu of divers.

30.A.02 Surface supplied air shall be utilized whenever possible in accordance with the practical constraints of diving operations.

30.A.03 Any failure to meet the requirements of this Section will be cause for rejection or cessation of operations.

30.A.04 All contract diving operations shall be performed in accordance with this manual.

30.A.05 The USACE Command, at their discretion, may elect to implement and enforce more stringent diving requirements than stated herein, but under no circumstances will the operational requirements be less than specified in this section.

30.A.06 Contractors shall demonstrate that:

a. each diver potentially exposed to hyperbaric environments is medically fit as attested by a licensed physician. b. each dive team member has documented training and/or experience consistent with the performance requirements of the scope of work. c. the Dive Plan format adheres to prescribed safe operating procedures.

30.A.07 Divers will wait at least 12 hours before flying after any dive: this interval should be extended to 24 hours following multiple days of repetitive dives.

30.A.08 Each dive team member shall have current nationally recognized certification in first aid and CPR. First aid training should include the use of oxygen systems required in this section.

30.A.09 Contract diving operations will be monitored and/or inspected by USACE employees who are certified as divers, diving supervisors, or diving inspectors through HQUSACE sponsored training courses; however, use of trained monitors/inspectors with other credentials will be considered on a case-by-case basis and approved in writing by the District Diving Coordinator or USACE Command Diving Coordinator (DDC/UDC

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30A10 When diving at altitudes of 300 m (1000 ft) or more of elevation above sea level, contractors shall use appropriate high altitude decompression tables that compensate for the increased elevation.

30.A.11 Contractors shall develop and maintain a safe practices manual that encompasses the contractor's entire diving program.

a. The safe practices manual shall include, as a minimum, the following:

(1) safety procedures and checklists; (2) assignments and responsibilities of dive team members; (3) equipment certification, procedures, and checklists; (4) emergency procedures for fire, equipment failure, adverse weather conditions, and medical illness or injury; and (5) requirements for inspections.

b. The manual shall be submitted to the USACE Command Dive Coordinator for review at least fifteen days prior to the commencement of dive operations. The manual shall be accepted by the Dive Coordinator prior to the commencement of dive operations.

c. The manual shall be available to all dive team members and Government representatives at the dive location.

30.A.12 The contractor shall submit verification _of satisfactory completion _of medical fitness examinations for each dive team member who is, or is likely to be, exposed to hyperbaric pressure.

a. This verification, along with an a royal for diving. will be performed and signed by a licensed physician and will be submitted to the USACE prior to the commencement of diving operations. This examination will be repeated eve twelve months with verification submitted to the USACE.

b. Each diver shall be reexamined after injury requiring medical attention or illness requiring hospitalization.

30.A.13 A dive operations plan shall be developed and implemented by the contractor for each separate diving operation.

a. As a minimum, the plan shall contain the following:

(1) names and duties of dive team members, including diving supervisor; (2) date, time, and location of the dive operation; (3) diving mode to be utilized (SCUBA, surface-supplied air, etc.), giving a description of the backup air supply; (4) nature of work to be performed by the divers and requirements for inspections; (5) surface and underwater conditions, to include visibility, temperature, thermal protection, and currents; (6) activity hazard analysis for each phase of work, to include the hazards associated with flying after diving;

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(7) maximum depth and bottom time (altitude adjustments to dive tables shall be made for dives made at altitudes of 300 m (1000 ft) or more above sea level);

(8) emergency management plan, to include emergency procedures, means of notification, telephone numbers for ambulance, doctors, and recompression chamber, and locations of evacuation route, nearest USCG rescue center, and emergency assistance; (9) lockout/tagout procedures, including procedures for dealing with differential water pressures due to unusual water elevations; (10) equipment certification, procedures, and checklists and requirements for special tools and equipment; and (11) the following statement: "If for any reason the dive plan is altered in mission, depth, personnel, or equipment, the USACE Command Diving Coordinator (UDC) at the district level shall be contacted and shall review any revision prior to actual operation." b. This plan shall be submitted to the district and reviewed and accepted by the DDC/UDC and the Safety and Occupational Health Office prior to commencement of diving operations. c. A copy of the accepted plan shall be at the diving location whenever diving is conducted. d. The plan shall be made available to the government representative: all dive plans will become a part of the contract file.

30.A.14 Prior to each dive, and at the scene of the dive, a Pre-Dive Conference shall be held with all members of the dive team and a representative of the contractor with sufficient authority to implement any requirements made by the USACE diving inspector or coordinator.

30.A.15 Prior to each dive, the entire dive team will be briefed in detail on the following (as a minimum): a. description of mission and location, including drawings and/or photographs pertinent to the mission and equipment and materials that are to be installed as part of the mission; b. description of diving apparatus/equipment and craft to be used; c. maximum working depth with estimated bottom times and water temperatures; d. names and duties of personnel on the team (when possible, incorporate at least one person on the dive that has previously performed the same or similar mission); e. discussion of activity hazard analysis; and f. emergency procedures.

30.A.16 If for any reason the dive mission is altered, the DDC/UDC shall be contacted by the dive inspector and a revised dive plan will be established, reviewed, and accepted by the DDC/UDC prior to continuing the operation. This review may be conducted electronically and confirmed in writing after completion of the dive operation.

30.A 17 For each diver and dive, the following dive log information, as a minimum, shall be recorded and maintained at the dive location:

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a. full name; b. date and location of dive; c. maximum depth and bottom time; d. surface interval between dives; e. breathing medium and type of equipment used; f. group classification at beginning and end of each interval; g. water and ambient air temperature; h. depth(s) and duration(s) of any decompression stops; and I. date and time of last previous dive.

30.A.18 For each dive in which decompression sickness and/or pulmonary barotrauma is suspected or symptoms are evident, the following information shall be recorded and maintained: a. description of signs and symptoms (including depth and time of onset); b. description and results of treatment; and c. name, address, and phone number of attending physician.

30.A.19 Copies of the dive logs shall be submitted to the DDC/UDC after completion of the dive operation.

30.8 SCUBA DIVING OPERATIONS

30.8.01 SCUBA diving operations shall not be conducted: a. at depths greater than 30 m (100 ft); b. on dives outside the no-decompression limits unless a dual lock, multi-place, recompression chamber (capable of recompressing diver at the surface to a depth equivalent to 50 m (165 ft) of sea water) is available at the dive location and is immediately available for use, a diving physician or trained chamber operator is present, and the chamber is of sufficient size to accommodate the patient as well as the chamber tender; c. against currents exceeding one knot; d. in enclosed or physically confining spaces, unless line-tended with diver/surface two-way voice communications and an in-water tender/diver located at the underwater point of entry; e. using closed circuit or semi-closed circuit SCUBA; or f. in visibility less than 1 m (3 ft) unless line tended with diver/surface two-way voice communications.

30.8.02 Contractor SCUBA teams shall be manned in accordance with the criteria established in Appendix N.

30.8.03 Specific operational requirements for SCUBA operations are as follows: a. Each SCUBA diver shall be equipped with an alternate air source, e.g., an octopus or bailout bottle with a minimum of 0.85 m3 (30 ft3) of air and separate regulator. The safest method shall be analyzed and used during each dive operation. b. Each diver shall be equipped with a buoyancy compensation device (BCD) capable of maintaining the diver at the surface in a face-up position. c. Each SCUBA diver shall be equipped with a submersible cylinder pressure gauge capable of being monitored by the diver during the dive. d. Each SCUBA diver shall be equipped with a weight belt or assembly capable of quick release. e. Each SCUBA diver shall be equipped with a depth gauge and knife. f. SCUBA air cylinders shall comply with the following requirements:

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(1) air cylinders of seamless steel or aluminum which meet DOT 3AA and DOT 3AL specifications are approved for use on USACE projects; (2) each cylinder used on USACE projects must have identification symbols stamped into the shoulder of the tank; and (3) SCUBA tanks used on USACE projects must be visually inspected internally at least annually and hydrostatically tested at least once every 5 years in accordance with DOT and the CGA regulations: test dates will be stamped into the shoulder of each tank. g. A timekeeping device shall be used for recording diving times for all SCUBA diving operations. When two-way voice communications are not used, each dive supervisor and diver shall have a timekeeping device. When two-way voice communications are used, the dive supervisor, at a minimum shall have a timekeeping device. h. Each tethered SCUBA diver shall wear a safety harness with a positive buckling device, attachment point for the safety line, and a lifting point to distribute the pull force of the line over the diver's body while maintaining the body in a heads-up vertical position when unconscious or inert.

30.C SURFACE SUPPLIED AIR OPERATIONS

30.C.01 Surface supplied air operations shall not be conducted at depths greater than 58 m (190 ft), except that dives with bottom times of 30 minutes or less may be conducted to depth of 67 m

(220 ft); exceptional exposure dives, as defined by the US Navy Diving Manual, shall not be conducted except in emergency lifesaving situations.

30.C.02 Surface supplied air equipment components shall be a tyke specifically designed to be used in diving support systems.

30.C.03 Dual lock, multi-place, recompression chambers shall be available and ready for use at the dive location for any dive outside the no-decompression limits or deeper than 30 m (100 ft). A diving physician, or a trained chamber operator in communication with a diving physician, shall be in attendance with the chamber.

30.C.04 A bell shall be used for dives with an in-water decompression time greater than 120 minutes, unless heavy gear is worn or diving is conducted in physically confining spaces.

30.C.05 Each surface supplied air diving team will be manned in accordance with the criteria established in Appendix N.

30.C.06 Minimum specific operational requirements for surface supplied air diving operations are as follows: a. each diver shall be continuously tendered while in the water, with one diver per tender, regardless of depth; b. an underwater tender/diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces;

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c. each diving operation shall have a primary breathing air supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive, including decompression; d. a surface supplied standby diver will be dressed out and readily available when a diver is in the water (the standby diver may remove his or her head gear after it is tested for proper operation); e. except where heavy gear is worn, each diver must have a reserve breathing supply available which can be turned on immediately by the diver in the event of loss of air; f. each dive location shall have a reserve breathing air supply in-line capable of supporting the dive operation; g. for dives deeper than 30 m (100 ft) or outside the no-decompression limits and using heavy gear, an extra air hose supplying breathing air to the diver shall be available to the standby diver: an in-water support stage shall be provided to divers in water when using heavy gear, regardless of depth; and h. electronic communication systems shall be incorporated in all surface supplied air diving operations: all dives shall be terminated if voice communications are lost.

30.D MIXED-GAS DIVING OPERATIONS

30.D.01 Mixed-gas diving will be in compliance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910 Subpart T, the Association of Diving Contractors (ADC) Consensus Standards for Commercial Diving Operations, and the requirements of this Section.

30.D.02 Mixed-gas diving shall be conducted only when a decompression chamber is ready for use at the dive location and either: a, a bell is used at depths greater than 67 m (220 ft) or when the dive involves in-water decompression time of greater than 120 minutes (except when heavy gear is worn or when diving in physically confining spaces), or b. a closed bell is used at depths greater than 90 m (300 ft), except when diving is conducted in physically confining spaces.

30.D.03 A separate dive team member shall tend each diver in the water.

30.D.04 A standby diver shall be dressed out and readily available while a diver is in the water. (standby diver may remove his or her head gear after it is tested for proper operation.)

30.D.05 A diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces.

30.D.06 Each diving operation shall have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive, including decompression.

30.D.07 Each diving operation shall have a dive-location reserve breathing gas supply.

30.D.08 When heavy gear is worn: a. an extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water shall be available to the standby diver, and b. an in-water stage shall be provided to divers in the water. BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 66

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30.D.09 An in-water stage shall be provided for divers without access to a bell for dives deeper than 30 m (100 ft) or outside the no-decompression limits.

30.D.10 When a closed bell is used, one dive team member in the bell shall be available and tend the diver in the water.

30.D.11 Except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver: a. diving deeper than 30 m (100 ft) or outside the no-decompression limits, or b. prevented by the configuration of the dive area from directly ascending to the surface.

30.E EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

30.E.01 Equipment modifications, repairs, tests, calibrations, or maintenance shall be recorded by means of a tagging or logging

system, and include the date and nature of work performed and the name of the individual performing the work.

30.E.02 Air compressor systems used to supply air to surface supplied air divers shall be equipped with a volume tank with a check valve on the inlet side, a pressure gauge, a relief valve, and a drain valve.

30.E.03 Compressors shall be of sufficient capacity to overcome any line loss or other losses and deliver a minimum 4.5 cfm (actual) to each diver at the maximum diving depth.

30.E.04 Air compressor intakes shall be located away from areas containing exhaust or other contaminants.

30.E.05 Air compressor systems, both high pressure (SCUBA) and low pressure (surface-supplied) will be tested for air purity on a six-month basis by means of sampling at the connection to the distribution system. Purchased air will also be tested and certified. a. Proof of air certification shall be provided the USACE Command prior to the commencement of operations. Proof of air certification may be verified by submittal of the contractor's air testing logbook (or similar verification) or by submittal of private laboratory test results. Contractors may self-test contractor-owned air compressors. b. Air purity standards are as follows: (1) air shall not contain a level of carbon monoxide greater than 20 ppm; (2) air shall not contain a level of carbon dioxide greater than 1,000 ppm; (3) air shall not contain a level of oil mist greater than 5 milligrams per cubic meter; (4) air shall not contain a level of hydrocarbons other than methane greater than 25 ppm; and (5) air shall not contain a noxious or pronounced odor. BIDCO Marine Group, Inc. 67

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30.E.06 Breathing air supply hoses. a. Breathing air supply hoses shall meet the specifications listed in SEA 100-R3, have a working pressure of the total breathing gas system, and have a rated bursting pressure at least four times the working pressure. b. Breathing air supply hoses shall have connectors made of corrosion resistant materials and have a working pressure at least equal to the working pressure of the hose to which they are attached: connectors must not be able to become accidentally disengaged. c. Umbilicals shall be marked in 3 m (10 ft) increments to 30 m (100 ft) (beginning at the divers end) and in 15 m (50 ft) increments thereafter. d. Umbilicals shall have a nominal breaking strength of 1200 kg (2650 lb) and shall be made of kink resistant materials. e. A safety line of at least 1 cm (3/8 in) synthetic material shall be included as an integral part of each umbilical. f. Hoses must be tested at least annually to 1.5 times the working pressure. g. When hoses are not in use, their open ends must be closed by taping or other means.

30.E.07 Surface-supplied air and mixed gas helmets and masks shall have a non-return valve at the attachment between the helmet or mask and hose which will close readily and also have an exhaust valve; helmets and masks shall have a minimum ventilation rate capacity of 2.1 Us (4.5 cfm) (actual) at the depth at which they are operated.

30.E.08 Surface-supplied air and mixed gas helmets and masks must be capable of supporting a reserve breathing supply which can be immediately turned on by the diver in event of loss of air.

30.E.09 Surface-supplied air and mixed gas helmets and masks must be capable of supporting a two-way, diver-surface communication system.

30.E.10 Weights and harnesses. a. Unless heavy gear is worn, divers shall be equipped with a weight belt or assembly capable of quick release. b. Unless heavy gear is worn, each diver shall wear a safety harness with a positive buckling device, attachment point for the safety line, and a lifting point to distribute the pull force of the line over the diver's body while maintaining the body in a heads-up vertical position when unconscious or inert.

30.E.11 The following emergency and first aid equipment shall be located at all dive sites: a. a first aid kit meeting the requirements of Section 3; b. an oxygen resuscitation system capable of delivering oxygen for a minimum of 30 minutes; and c. a stokes litter or backboard, with attached floatation device.

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30.E.13 Hand-held power tools shall be tested and certified to be safe for underwater use; these tools shall be de-energized before being placed into or retrieved from the water and shall not be supplied with power until requested by the diver.

30.F ADVANCED DIVING TECHNOLOGY

30.F.01 The use of one-atmosphere suits, e.g., Newt Suits requires the specific approval of the HQUSACE Diving Coordinator prior to the use of such equipment.

30.F.02 The use of "enriched air" or Nitrox (EANx) breathing mixtures by contractors require s the prior approval by the DDC/UDC. Decompression tables designed specifically for the Nitrox mixture being used shall be followed without exception. a. Contractors must provide evidence of training and experience with Nitrox breathing mixtures prior to actual diving operations. b. Nitrox breathing mixture shall be analyzed/tested by the diver to assure proper mix prior to each use.

DEFINITIONS

Bell: an enclosed compartment, pressurized (Dosed bell) or unpressurized (open bell), which allows the diver to be transported to and from the underwater work area and which may be used as a temporary refuge during diving operations.

Bottom time: the total elapsed time, measured in minutes, from the time when the diver leaves the surface in descent to the time that the diver begins ascent.

Decompression sickness: a condition with a variety of symptoms which may result from gas or bubbles in the tissues of divers after pressure reduction.

Decompression table: a profile or set of profiles of depth-time relationships for ascent rate and breathing mixtures to be followed after a specific depth-time exposure or exposures.

Dive location: a surface or vessel from which a diving operation is conducted.

Diving inspector: a USACE employee who inspects a contractor's diving operations while work is in progress. Diving inspectors shall be designated in writing by the USACE

Commander upon nomination by the employee's staff level supervisor and with concurrence of the UDC. Diving inspectors must have successfully completed a USACE diving safety, diving supervisor, or diving inspector course and shall maintain certification by attending a HQUSACE-sponsored diving inspectors course every four years.

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Diving supervisor: the employer, or an employee designated by the employer, at the dive location in charge of all aspects of the diving operation which affect the safety and health of dive team members. The diving supervisor shall have experience and training in the conduct of the assigned diving operation.

Dive team: divers and support employees involved in a diving operation, including the diving supervisor.

Heavy gear: diver-worn deep-sea dress, including helmet, breastplate, dry suit, and weighted shoes, e.g., U.S. Navy Mark V gear.

In-water stage: a suspended underwater platform which supports a diver in the water.

Mixed-gas diving: a diving mode in which the diver breathes a mixture other than air, e.g., helium-oxygen.

No-decompression limits: the depth-time limits of the "no-decompression limits and repetitive dive group designation table for no-decompression air dives" as specified in the U.S. Navy Diving Manual or equivalent.

Recompression chamber: a pressure vessel for human occupancy such as a surface decompression chamber, closed bell, or deep diving system used to decompress divers to treat decompression sickness.

Safety and Occupational Health Office Dive Safety Representative: the Safety and Occupational Health Office representative assigned the responsibility of dive safety. This individual provides dive safety advice to operational elements and actively participates in the review and comment process for all diving plans and hazard analyses, as well as on-site monitoring of diving operations; must successfully complete the USAGE diving safety, diving supervisor or diving inspector course and maintain certification by attending a HQUSACE-sponsored dive inspector course every four years. Unless required by position, this individual is not required to perform twelve working/training dives to maintain certification.

Standby diver: a diver at the dive location available to assist a diver in the water; standby divers will be dressed for immediate entry into the water.

USAGE Diving Coordinator (UDC): a USAGE employee assigned the responsibility for organizing, integrating, and monitoring the total dive program within a USAGE Command. This individual and an alternate (to perform in the absence of the primary UDC) shall be appointed, in writing, by the USAGE Commander/Director and shall assure adherence to all applicable rules and regulations: at the Major Subordinate Command (Division), the Diving Coordinator shall provide program guidance and monitor and annually review the MSC dive program at all subordinate levels; at the District, Laboratory, and FOA level, the Diving Coordinator shall review all safe practices manuals, dive plans, medical certificates, and dive team qualifications and experience to assure compliance with this regulation.

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I. VERIFICATION LETTER FOR NITROX DECOMPRESSION

VERIFICATION LETTER

BIDCO NITROX DECOMPRESSION PROCEDURES

As Standard Practice, all BIDCO dives are done on Air, using the U.S. Navy Standard Air Decompression tables.

To provide a greater measure of safety during decompression, divers are switched from air to a 50 / 50 mix of Oxygen and Nitrogen (NITROX).

Decompression time is never reduced from the published U.S. Navy time / depth profiles.

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J. US NAVY DECOMPRESSION TABLES

US NAVY DECOMPRESSION TABLES

A complete set of U.S. Navy Air Decompression and U.S. Navy Air and Oxygen Treatment Tables will be located at every dive site before commencing any diving operations.

In the event of a deep dive requiring Helium Oxygen is to be used as the breathing medium, a complete set of Helium Oxygen Decompression Tables, Oxygen Decompression Schedules and Emergency Air Decompression Tables will be located at the dive site.

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L. SUPPLEMENTAL ENCLOSURES ON DIVING PROCEDURES (to be included with specific dive work plans as required)

# 1 Procedures for Hazardous / Contaminated Diving

# 2 Personnel / Equipment Schedules for Penetration Diving

# 3 Code of Federal Reg’s- Hazardous Waste Operations

# 4 Procedure for Underwater Diving in Contaminated Water (Nuclear Diving)

# 5 Quality Systems Manual for Welding and Fabrication

# 6 Video Procedures

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