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Excavations at Mission San Jose Y San Miguel De Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas

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Excavations at Mission San Jose Y San Miguel De Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas Volume 1995 Article 1 1995 Excavations at Mission San Jose Y San Miguel de Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas Robert J. Hard Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, [email protected] Anne A. Fox Center for Archaeological Research I. Waynne Cox Center for Archaeological Research Kevin J. Gross Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Center for Archaeological Research Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Barbara A. Meissner Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Center for Archaeological Research Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons TSeeell nextus how page this for aradditionalticle helped authors you. Cite this Record Hard, Robert J.; Fox, Anne A.; Cox, I. Waynne; Gross, Kevin J.; Meissner, Barbara A.; Mendez, Guillermo I.; Tennis, Cynthia L.; and Zapata, Jose E. (1995) "Excavations at Mission San Jose Y San Miguel de Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 1995, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.1995.1.1 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1995/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Excavations at Mission San Jose Y San Miguel de Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas Authors Robert J. Hard, Anne A. Fox, I. Waynne Cox, Kevin J. Gross, Barbara A. Meissner, Guillermo I. Mendez, Cynthia L. Tennis, and Jose E. Zapata Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1995/iss1/1 , .,'" " ..... ··$A"~~to ...i()17!X~S. • ~ " , .. , '.' .... .',i~bert d. i5~"",¢\~ne'~.·JOXi~·."WA"fJ:neCo~, .....•. .' ... ' ." '.. ' .~evioid:,.·. yr(Jss," ~ArbArAdl .• 4n~isSn~r( 'O~lU~~llJo.J.tYfJ6n"e~;; , .:: . , ·c.:,~"tbiA·~:·,7en.,i~/Af;If~~OS( e·~'~"pAt~ '" ". ',. , .• ··Ce.;ie~for,~,reIJAeologieAl ~eseA"'clJ-7b~Zflliver~ituof7eXAS At ...sAil c2l~'to~i()" " .' '," ~ ". ' ·c7\~cIJAeoio'ieA(..su&'~euiepo!."t,0Vo~ 11$-199;' ." " ,;: EXCAVATIONS AT MISSION SAN JOSE Y SAN MIGUEL DE AGUAYO, SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Robert J. Hard, Anne A. Fox, I. Waynne Cox, Kevin J. Gross, Barbara A. Meissner, Guillermo I. Mendez, Cynthia L. Tennis, and Jose E. Zapata Robert J. Hard, Jack D. Eaton, and Anne A. Fox Principal Investigators Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No. 1203 Center for Archaeological Research The University of Texas at San Antonio Archaeological Survey Report, No. 218 1995 The following information is provided in accordance with General Rules of Practice and Procedure Chapter 41.11 (Investigation Reports), Texas Antiquities Committee: 1. Type of investigation: Excavation 2. Project name: Mission San Jose Visitors' Center Project 3. County: Bexar County, Texas 4. Principal investigators: Robert J. Hard, Jack D. Eaton, and Anne A. Fox 5. Name and location of sponsoring agency: Cox/Croslin and Associates 6. Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No.: 1203 7. Published by the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0658, 1995 A list of publications offered by the Center for Archaeological Research can be obtained by sending $1.00 to the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0658. ABSTRACT This report details an archaeological study of Backhoe trenching, shovel testing, and unit Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo excavations were used in the areas to be conducted during the spring and summer of impacted by the visitors' center. Additionally, 1993. The study was undertaken by the Center shovel testing was conducted on a 50-ft grid for Archaeological Research of The University within the mission compound to obtain of Texas at San Antonio, in accordance with a information for future correction of drainage contract between the National Park Service problems. Analyses of ceramics, faunal remains, (owner) and Cox/Croslin and Associates stratigraphy, and artifact distribution allow (sponsor). The principal research objective inferences concerning diet, temporal contexts, focused on determining the extent of impact the and recognition of intact Colonial deposits. planned visitors' center construction and Recommendations are made concerning present improvements would have on the mission's and future construction. Spanish colonial features. i CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................... i FIGURES ......................................................... iv TABLES ........................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................. vi PREFACE. vii CHAPTER 1: SITE SETTING AND BACKGROUND ............................ 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ............................................ 2 A GENERAL HISTORY OF MISSION SAN JOSE ............................. 2 A STUDY OF THE LAND USE FOR THE SOUTH SIDE OF MISSION SAN JOSE ....... 3 SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS ............................... 13 HISTORY OF THE MISSION COMPOUND (AREA D) . .. 17 THE COMPOUND IN THE MISSION PERIOD. .. 17 AFTER SECULARIZATION . .. 18 THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY. .. 18 SUMMARy ..................................................... 19 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH GOALS AND FIELDWORK ......................... 20 RESEARCH GOALS .................................................. 20 FIELDWORK ....................................................... 21 AREA A ........................................................ 21 AREAB ........................................................ 23 AREAC ........................................................ 34 AREAD ...................................... , ................. 36 CHAPTER 3: ARTIFACT ANALYSIS ..................................... 41 CERAMICS .. , ..................................................... 41 GLASS ........................................................... 48 LITHIC ARTIFACTS ................................................. 49 OTHER HISTORIC ARTIFACTS .......................................... 58 CHAPTER 4: SPATIAL ANALYSIS ...................................... 64 IDENTIFICATION OF COLONIAL DEPOSITS ................................ 64 DISCUSSION OF INTACT COLONIAL DEPOSITS ............................. 70 HORIZONTAL ARTIFACT DISTRIBUTION .................................. 71 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................... 79 CHAPTER 5: FAUNAL ANALYSIS ....................................... 81 PREVIOUS MISSION SAN JOSE FAUNAL ANALYSES .......................... 82 VISITORS' CENTER PROJECT .......................................... 82 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .......................................... 85 CONCLUSION . 95 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................... 96 REFERENCES CITED . 98 ii APPENDIX A: ADDITIONAL TESTING IN AREA A . 108 APPENDIX B: ARTIFACT PROVENIENCES ............................... 110 APPENDIX C: HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SELECT, TEMPORALLY DIAGNOSTIC ARTIFACTS EXCAVATED IN AREA D SHOVEL TESTS . 137 iii FIGURES 1. Comprehensive plan view of target areas ................................. Vlll 2. Location map: Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo ........................ 1 3. Lazzeler tract map . 5 4. South wall properties ... 6 5. Aerial photograph of Mission San Jose, ca. 1932, prior to reconstruction ............... 7 6. East wall properties ................................................. 9 7. Aerial photograph of Mission San Jose, ca. 1920, prior to reconstruction. .. 10 8. Aerial photograph of Mission San Jose, ca. 1935, during reconstruction .............. 11 9. Plan of structures and previous excavations in the southern portion of the project area ..... 12 10. Locations of previous archaeological excavations ............................. 14 11. Plan view of Area A ............................................... 22 12. Plan view of Area B showing excavation units . 23 13. South wall profile of Trenches B-1 and B-2 ................................. 24 14. Plan map ofUnitB-llLevel2 ......................................... 26 15. Profiles of Area B units ............................................. 28 16. Profile of Unit B-4 ................................................ 30 17. Plan view of southeast gate entrance ..................................... 31 18. Plan view of Area C ............................................... 35 19. Plan view of Area D showing shovel test locations ............................ 37 20. Lithic tools from Mission San Jose ...................................... 53 21. Flake type, flake size, and scar count in relation to a presumed lithic reduction process .... 56 22. Historic artifacts from Mission San Jose . .. 60 23. Copper-alloy crucifix from Area D ...................................... 61 24. Schematic representation of unmixed Colonial levels . 65 25. Plan map showing locations of unmixed Colonial levels . 66 26. Scatter plot of ceramic types and sample size ...............................
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