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Republic Day ()

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Republic Day is a national in Main page Republic Day Contents India. It honours the date on which the Current events of India came into effect Random article on 26 1950 replacing the About Wikipedia Act (1935) as the Contact us governing document of India and Donate thus, turning the nation into a newly Contribute formed republic.[1]

Help The Constitution was adopted by the Learn to edit Indian on 26 Community portal Recent changes November 1949 and came into effect Upload file on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the Tools country's transition towards becoming What links here an independent republic. 26 January The original text of the Preamble to the Related changes was chosen as the date for Republic . The Constitution of India Special pages day because it was on this day in came into force on 26 January 1950. Permanent link Observed by India Page information 1929 when the Declaration of Indian Cite this page Independence () was Type National Wikidata item proclaimed by the Indian National Significance Inception of Constitution of India Congress as opposed to the Celebrations , distribution of sweets Print/export status offered by the British Regime. in schools, speeches and Download as PDF cultural dances Printable version Contents [hide] Date 26 January Frequency Annual In other projects 1 History of Republic Day Wikimedia Commons 2 Celebrations 2.1 Republic Day Languages 2.2 Deutsch 2.3 Award distribution Français 3 Gallery 한국어 4 Republic Day parade chief guest िह됍ी 5 See also Italiano Русский 6 References 됍됍 7 External links Tiếng Việt 中文 History of Republic Day 34 more India achieved independence from on 15 1947 following the Edit links India achieved independence from British Raj on 15 August 1947 following the Indian independence movement. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an Act of the of the that partitioned British India into the two new independent of the British Commonwealth (later ).[2] India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor­general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 29 August 1947, a resolution was moved for the appointment of Drafting Committee, which was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr B R Ambedkar as chairman. While India's celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1947.[3] The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of two years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand­written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later which was on 26 January 1950, it came into effect throughout the whole nation. On that day, Dr. 's began his first term of office as President of the Indian Union. The Constituent Assembly became the under the transitional provisions of the new Constitution.[citation needed]

Celebrations

The main Republic Day celebration is held in the national capital, , at the before the . On this day, ceremonious parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India; its unity in diversity and rich cultural heritage.

Delhi Republic Day parade President Rajendra Prasad (in the Main article: Delhi Republic Day parade horse­drawn carriage) readies to take part in the first Republic Day parade on The Delhi Republic Day parade is held in Rajpath, New Delhi, in 1950. the capital, New Delhi and is organised by the Ministry of Defence. Commencing from the gates of the (the President's residence), on Rajpath past the , this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations and lasts for three days. The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage.[4]

Nine to twelve different regiments of the in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is the Commander­in­Chief of the , takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para­military forces of India and police forces also take part in this parade.[5]

Beating Retreat Main article: Beating Retreat

The Beating Retreat ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, and . The venue is Raisina Hill and an adjacent square, Vijay Chowk, flanked by the North and South block of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Rajpath.[6]

The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by the playing of the Indian National Anthem, , by the Army. The Army develops the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like , 's favourite hymn, and Saare Jahan Se Achcha at the end.[7][8][9]

Award distribution

On the eve of Republic Day, the President of India distributes Padma Awards to the civilians of India every year. These are the second highest civilian awards in India after Bharat Ratna. These awards are given in three categories, viz. , and , in decreasing order of importance.

Padma Vibhushan for "exceptional and distinguished service". Padma Vibhushan is the second­highest civilian award in India. Padma Bhushan for "distinguished service of a high order". Padma Bhushan is the third­highest civilian award in India . Padma Shri for "distinguished service". Padma Shri is the fourth­highest civilian award in India.

While being national honours, the Padma awards do not include cash allowances, benefits, or special concessions in rail/air travel.[10] Per a December 1995 judgment of the , no titles or honorifics are associated with the Bharat Ratna or any of the Padma awards; Honorees cannot use them or their initials as suffixes, prefixes or pre­ and post­nominals attached to the awardee's name. This includes any such use on letterheads, invitation cards, posters, books etc. In the case of any misuse, the awardee will forfeit the award, and he or she will be cautioned against any such misuse upon receiving the honour.[11]

The decoration comprises a sanad (Certificate) issued under the hand and seal of the President and a Medallion. The recipients are also given a replica of the medallion, which they can wear during any ceremonial/State functions etc., if they desire. A commemorative brochure giving out brief details in respect of each award winner is also released on the day of the investiture ceremony.[citation needed] Gallery

The on Republic Day A dog jumping through a ring of fire at a Republic Day celebration in Nagapattinam

Buildings on Raisina Hill including Rashtrapati Bhavan, lit up during Republic Day 2008.

Surya Kiran Aerobatics Team personnel on displaying tricolor. Republic Day.

Republic Day parade chief guest See also: Delhi Republic Day parade

Since 1950, India has been hosting head of state or government of another country as the state guest of honour for Republic Day celebrations in Countries invited as chief guests for the Republic Day parade. Erstwhile Yugoslavia (twice invited) has not been depicted in the map. New Delhi. 5 times (, UK) During 1950– 4 times (Bhutan, /USSR) 1954, Republic Thrice (, , ) Day Twice (Japan, , , , , , celebrations , , Thailand, ) were Once Uninvited organised at different venues (like Irwin Stadium, Kingsway, and Ramlila Grounds). It was only starting 1955 when the parade in its present form was organised at Rajpath.[12] The guest country is chosen after a deliberation of strategic, economic and political interests. During 1950s–1970s, a number of NAM and Eastern Bloc countries were hosted by India. In 1968 and 1974, India played host to two countries on the same Republic Day.

By region, the invitations break up as follows:

Region Invitations Countries , Bhutan (4 times), , South and 14 , , Nepal (twice), Pakistan Central Asia (twice), Sri Lanka (twice) Brunei, (twice), , Indonesia East and (thrice), Japan (twice), , Malaysia, Philippines, South­East 19 Singapore (twice), South , Thailand (twice), Asia Vietnam (twice) West Asia and 4 , , Saudi Arabia, UAE Saharan Africa West Africa 2 Nigeria (twice) Central and Democratic , South Africa Southern 3 (twice) Africa East Africa 5 Mauritius (thrice), Tanzania, Eastern , , Yugoslavia (twice), USSR/Russia 8 Europe (4 times) Western Belgium, Denmark, France (5 times), , Europe and 17 Ireland, , , United Kingdom (5 times), North US (once) America Latin America and 2 , Caribbean Region Invitations Countries South 5 , Brazil (thrice), America Oceania 1 Australia

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Year Chief Guest Country Note

1950 President Sukarno[13] Indonesia King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram 1951 Nepal Shah[14] 1952 No invitation 1953 No invitation King Jigme Dorji 1954 Bhutan Wangchuck[15] Governor General Malik First guest for parade at 1955 Pakistan Ghulam Muhammad[16] Rajpath[17] Chancellor of the United Exchequer Rab Butler Kingdom 1956 Two guests[18][note 1] Chief Justice Kōtarō Japan Tanaka Minister of Defence Soviet 1957 Georgy Zhukov[20] Union 1958 Marshall Ye Jianying[21] China Duke of Edinburgh Prince United 1959 2nd invitation Philip[22][23][24] Kingdom Chairman Kliment Soviet 1960 2nd invitation Voroshilov[25] Union United 1961 Queen Elizabeth II[26] 3rd invitation[note 2] Kingdom Prime Minister Viggo 1962 Denmark [note 3] Kampmann[27]

1963 King [29] Cambodia Chief of Defence Staff United 1964 4th invitation[note 1] Lord Louis Mountbatten[19] Kingdom Food and Agriculture 1965 Minister Rana Abdul Pakistan 2nd invitation Hamid 1966 No invitation[note 4] Year Chief Guest Country Note King Mohammed Zahir 1967 [note 5] Shah[31] Afghanistan Soviet 3rd Chairman Alexei Kosygin Union invitation 1968 Two guests[34] President Josip Broz Tito Yugoslavia Prime Minister Todor 1969 Bulgaria Zhivkov[35] 1970 King Baudouin[36][37] Belgium [note 6] President Julius 1971 Nyerere[38] Tanzania Prime Minister 1972 Seewoosagur Mauritius Ramgoolam[39] President Mobutu Sese 1973 Zaire Seko[40] 2nd President Josip Broz Tito Yugoslavia invitation 1974 Two guests[41] Prime Minister Sirimavo Sri Bandaranaike Lanka President Kenneth 1975 Zambia Kaunda[42] Prime Minister Jacques 1976 France Chirac[43] First Secretary Edward 1977 Poland Gierek[44] 1978 President Patrick Hillery[45] Ireland Prime Minister Malcolm 1979 Australia Fraser[46] President Valéry Giscard 1980 France 2nd invitation d'Estaing President Jose Lopez 1981 Mexico Portillo[47] 1982 King Juan Carlos I[48] Spain President Shehu 1983 Nigeria Shagari[49] King Jigme Singye 1984 Bhutan 2nd invitation Wangchuck[50]

1985 President Raúl Alfonsín[51] Argentina Year Chief Guest Country Note Prime Minister Andreas 1986 Greece Papandreou[52] 1987 President Alan Garcia[53] Peru President J. R. Sri 1988 2nd invitation Jayewardene[54] Lanka General Secretary 1989 Vietnam Nguyễn Văn Linh[55] Prime Minister Anerood 1990 2nd invitation Jugnauth[56] Mauritius President Maumoon Abdul 1991 Gayoom[57] Maldives 1992 President Mário Soares[57] Portugal Prime Minister John United 1993 5th invitation Major[57] Kingdom Prime Minister Goh Chok 1994 Tong[57] Singapore President Nelson South 1995 Mandela[58] Africa President Fernando 1996 Brazil Henrique Cardoso[57] Prime Minister Basdeo Trinidad 1997 Panday[57] and Tobago President Jacques 1998 France 3rd invitation Chirac[57] King Birendra Bir Bikram 1999 Nepal 2nd invitation Shah[57] President Olusegun 2000 Nigeria 2nd invitation Obasanjo[57] President Abdelaziz 2001 Algeria Bouteflika[57] President Cassam 2002 3rd invitation Uteem[57] Mauritius President Mohammed 2003 Iran Khatami[57] President Luiz Inacio Lula 2004 Brazil 2nd invitation da Silva[57] King Jigme Singye 2005 Bhutan 3rd invitation Wangchuck[57] King Abdullah bin Saudi 2006 Abdulaziz al­Saud[57] Arabia Year Chief Guest Country Note 2007 President Vladimir Putin[57] Russia 4th invitation President Nicolas 2008 France 4th invitation Sarkozy[57] President Nursultan 2009 Nazarbayev[57] Kazakhstan President Lee Myung South 2010 Bak[59] Korea President Susilo Bambang 2011 2nd invitation Yudhoyono[60][61] Indonesia Prime Minister Yingluck 2012 Thailand Shinawatra[62] King Jigme Khesar 2013 Bhutan 4th invitation Namgyel Wangchuck[63] Prime Minister Shinzo 2014 Japan 2nd invitation Abe[64] President Barack United 2015 Obama[65] States President François 2016 France 5th invitation[66] Hollande United Crown Prince Mohammed 2017 Arab bin Zayed Al Nahyan[67] Emirates Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Brunei 2nd Prime Minister Hun Sen Cambodia invitation 3rd President Joko Widodo Indonesia invitation Prime Minister Thongloun Laos Sisoulith Prime Minister Najib Razak Malaysia Ten guests 2018 State Counsellor Aung (Heads of ASEAN [68] San Suu Kyi Myanmar states)

President Rodrigo Duterte Philippines Prime Minister Lee Hsien 2nd Loong Singapore invitation Prime Minister Prayut 2nd Thailand Chan­o­cha invitation Year Chief Guest Country Note Prime Minister Nguyễn 2nd Vietnam Xuân Phúc invitation President Cyril South 2019 2nd invitation Ramaphosa[69][70] Africa President Jair 2020 Brazil 3rd invitation Bolsonaro[71]

Notes

1. ^ a b On each of these occasions, Lady Edwina Mountbatten from United Kingdom was also the official guest for the parade.[18][19] 2. ^ Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip also accompanied Queen Elizabeth II during the parade.[26] 3. ^ Danish Prime Minister attended Republic Day in Madras (Chennai).[28] 4. ^ No invitations were sent out possibly due to the demise of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on 11 January 1966 in Tashkent. The new government headed by Indira Gandhi was sworn on 24 January 1966 (only two days before the Republic Day).[30] 5. ^ For the first time, the President of India (Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan) could not take the salute at the Republic Day parade due to ill­health.[32] Zahir Shah arrived on 28 January.[33] 6. ^ Attended only the Beating Retreat[36][37]

See also

History of India India portal (India)

References

1. ^ "Introduction to Constitution of India" . Ministry of Law and Justice of India. 29 2008. Archived from the original on 22 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2008. 2. ^ "Indian Independence Act 1947" . The National Archives, Her Majesty's Government. Retrieved 17 July 2012. 3. ^ "Constituent Assembly Debates (Proceedings)" . Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 25 January 2014. 4. ^ "India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day" . Efi­news.com. Eastern Fare. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 2012. 5. ^ "Chap" . Mod.nic.in. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012. 6. ^ "Republic Day Beating Retreat Ceremony 2017 at Vijay Chowk, New Delhi" . DNA India. 29 January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2018. 7. ^ "Curtain Raiser – Beating Retreat Ceremony 2011" . Ministry of Defence. 28 January 2011. 8. ^ "Beating Retreat weaves soul­stirring musical evening" . The Times of India. 29 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. 9. ^ "Martial music rings down the curtain" . The Times of India. 30 January 2011. 10. ^ "Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1219: Padma Awards (2015)" 11. ^ "Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2536: Use of Title of Awards (2016)" 12. ^ "National Gallantry Awards and Honors in India" . Govt Jobs Portal. Retrieved 23 February 2019. 13. ^ "Republic Day celebrations: President Pranab Mukherjee tweets images from 1950 onwards" . 25 July 2017 – via The Economic Times. 14. ^ India, President of (18 January 2015). "King Tribhuvan of Nepal was the guest of honour for the Republic Day in 1951 #26Januarypic.twitter.com/piqaZUKolr" . 15. ^ "Selected works of " (PDF). claudearpi.net. 16. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20050205163551/http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/31/fea.h tm 17. ^ Rajan, M. S. (1964). India in world affairs, 1954–56 . Asia Publishing House. 18. ^ a b The Times of India,News Service. (1956, Jan 22). REPUBLIC DAY IN DELHI. The Times of India (1861­Current) Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/501661043 19. ^ a b British Pathé (13 April 2014). "Republic Celebration (1964)" – via YouTube. 20. ^ British Pathé (13 April 2014). "Zhukov At India's Aka Zhukov – India (1957)" – via YouTube. 21. ^ Deepak, B. R (1 January 2005). India & China, 1904–2004: A century of peace and conflict . ISBN 9788178271125. 22. ^ "In India, they have been celebrating Republic Day. After the parade..." 23. ^ [1] [dead link] 24. ^ British Pathé (13 April 2014). "Duke Popular Everywhere (1959)" – via YouTube. 25. ^ Prasad, Rajendra (1984). Dr. Rajendra Prasad: Correspondence and Select Documents . ISBN 9788170230021. 26. ^ a b "Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, News Photo, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth be" . Timescontent.com. 26 January 1961. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 27. ^ [2] [dead link] 28. ^ "Danish Premier to Visit India" (4 January 1962). The Times of India 29. ^ Indian Information . 1962. 30. ^ Pranay Gupte (15 February 2012). "Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi" . Books.google.co.in. Retrieved 1 August 2018. 31. ^ [3] [dead link] 32. ^ "Asian Recorder" . 25 July 1967 – via Google Books. 33. ^ "Asian Almanac" . V.T. Sambandan. 25 July 1967 – via Google Books. 34. ^ "visit to New Delhi of Mr Kosygin on the occasion of Republic Day – Google zoeken" . Google.com. 2 November 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 35. ^ "Asian Recorder" . 1969. 36. ^ a b [4] [dead link] 37. ^ a b Link: Indian Newsmagazine . 25 July 1970. 38. ^ "India" . 1971. 39. ^ "Foreign Affairs Record" . 1972. 40. ^ Reed, Sir Stanley (1974). "The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who" . 41. ^ "Indian and Foreign Review" . 1973. 42. ^ "Written Answers". Lok Sabha Debates: 13th Session . XLVIII. New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat. 20 February 1975. Col. 40. ^ http://www.ambafrance­au.org/france_australie/spip.php?article1521 [dead link] 43. ^ http://www.ambafrance­au.org/france_australie/spip.php?article1521 [dead link] 44. ^ "The Eastern Economist" . 1977. 45. ^ "Patrick J. Hillery" . Clarelibrary.ie. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 46. ^ "Bilateral Visits" . Hcindia­au.org. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 47. ^ "MEA | MEA Links : Indian Missions Abroad" . Mealib.nic.in. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 48. ^ "MEA | MEA Links : Indian Missions Abroad" . Mealib.nic.in. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 49. ^ "MEA | MEA Links : Indian Missions Abroad" . Mealib.nic.in. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 50. ^ "MEA | MEA Links : Indian Missions Abroad" . Mealib.nic.in. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 51. ^ "India Argentina Relations" (PDF). Mea.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 52. ^ "Annual Report 2000–2001" (PDF). Mea.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 53. ^ "meacommunity.org" . meacommunity.org. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 54. ^ "meacommunity.org" . meacommunity.org. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 55. ^ "meacommunity.org" . meacommunity.org. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 56. ^ [5] [dead link] 57. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Choosing R­Day chief guest: Behind the warm welcome, a cold strategy" . Indian Express. 25 January 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 58. ^ "General South African History timeline" sahistory.org.za Accessed on 13 June 2008. 59. ^ "Choosing R­Day chief guest: Behind the warm welcome, a cold strategy" . Indian Express. 25 January 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 60. ^ "Indonesian President next R­Day parade chief guest – Rediff.com India News" . News.rediff.com. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 61. ^ "Indonesian President next R­Day parade chief guest – Rediff.com India News" . Rediff.com. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 62. ^ New Delhi, 2 Dec (IANS) (20 January 2012). "Thai PM to be chief guest on India's Republic Day" . Deccan Herald. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 63. ^ "India invites King of Bhutan as chief guest at Republic Day celebrations" . Ibnlive.in.com. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 64. ^ "India likely to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe as Republic Day chief guest : India, News – India Today" . Indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 24 January 2014. 65. ^ "Obama in India joins Modi at Delhi Republic Day parade" . 26 January 2015 – via www.bbc.com. 66. ^ "French President Hollande invited as Republic Day guest" . 22 November 2015. 67. ^ "Abu Dhabi Crown Prince to be chief guest on Republic Day" . 68. ^ "India to invite heads of 10 Asean nations for Republic Day celebrations – Times of India" . 69. ^ "South Africa President Cyril Ramaphosa accepts PM Modi's invite, to be 2019 Republic Day chief guest" . www.hindustantimes.com. 1 December 2018. 70. ^ "Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhale: PM had a number of bilateral engagements this morning.Argentina PM is keen to make a visit to India in 2019. PM extended South Africa Pres Cyril Ramaphosa invitation to be chief guest for India's Republic Day in 2019& Ramaphosa accepted.#G20Summitpic.twitter.com/DinFx7zdTV" . 1 December 2018. 71. ^ "PM Modi to hold talks with Brazilian President Jair Messias Bolsonaro in New Delhi today" . All India Radio. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

External links Media related to Republic Day (India) at Wikimedia Commons

V ꞏ T ꞏ E Days of Importance to India [show]

V ꞏ T ꞏ E Indian Independence Movement [show]

Categories: January observances History of the Republic of India Republic days Observances in India

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