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Tityus De Venezuela 31 Gi N a D’Su Z E , Ca R L O S Se V C I K , Jo S M a R Y Br a Z Ó N

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Tityus De Venezuela 31 Gi N a D’Su Z E , Ca R L O S Se V C I K , Jo S M a R Y Br a Z Ó N Emergencias por animales ponzoñosos en las Américas Emergencias por animales ponzoñosos en las Américas Proyecto apoyado por el Programa Proinnova del CONACYT Instituto Bioclon, SA de CV Laboratorios Silanes, SA de CV Calzada de Tlalpan Núm. 4687, Col. Toriello Guerra Amores Núm. 1304, Col. del Valle 14050, Del. Tlalpan, México, DF 03100, México, DF www.bioclon.com.mx www.silanes.com.mx ISBN: 978-607-7987-00-0 Editores: Gina D’Suze Gerardo A. Corzo Burguete Jorge F. Paniagua Solís Coordinación editorial y diseño gráfico Ricardo González Bugarín Cuidado de la edición Eva Ginsburg Resnikoff y Berenice Valverde Campuzano Elaboración de imágenes Patricia Álvarez León Impreso en Dicresa, SA de CV Nota de los editores: La presente obra es de carácter meramente de difusión cintífica y no persigue fines de lucro. El uso de signos de puntuación en las cifras de la presente obra está aplicado de acuerdo con los criterios regionales y a solicitud de los autores de cada capítulo. El contenido de los artículos es responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no refleja necesariamente la opinión de los editores. Todos los derechos reservados, prohibida la reproducción parcial o total de su contenido literario o gráfico por cualquier medio electrónico o mecánico, sin previa autorización por escrito de Instituto Bioclon, SA de CV Impreso en México / Printed in Mexico Emergencias por animales ponzoñosos en las Américas Instituto Bioclon, SA de CV Laboratorios Silanes, SA de CV RedTox Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Contenido 6 Presentación 9 JUAN LÓPEZ SI L ANE S Alacranes Alacranismo en León, Guanajuato, México 15 AL FREDO LUI S CHÁVEZ -HARO Fisiopatología inducida por el veneno de alacranes del género Tityus de Venezuela 31 GINA D’SUZE , CAR L O S SEV C IK , JO S MARY BRAZÓN Escorpiones, características, distribución geográfica y comentarios generales 65 MANUE L ÁN G E L GONZÁ L EZ -SPON G A (†) Epidemiología, clínica y terapéutica del accidente escorpiónico en Venezuela 115 C. A. MAZZEI DE DÁVI L A , D. F. DÁVI L A -SPINETTI , P. RAMONI -PERAZI , J. H. DONI S , J. SANTIA G O , V. VI ll ARROE L Y G. ARATA DE BE ll AR B A Bioquímica y biología molecular de los venenos de escorpiones de importancia médica en el continente americano 147 LO U R I VA L D. PO ss ANI , GEOR G INA B. GURRO L A , EL I S A B ETH F. SC HWARTZ , RITA RE S TANO -CA ss U L INI 7 Arañas La biología y taxonomía de las arañas americanas 181 AL E J ANDRO AL A G ÓN Y GEOR G E ODE ll Foneutrismo en Brasil 203 JOÃO LUIZ CO S TA CARDO S O , SY LVIA MAR L ENE LU C A S , ANTONIO D. BRE sc OVIT , CEI L A MARIA S. MÁ L AQUE Aracnoidismo: su perspectiva clínica 221 MARÍA DE L CARMEN SO C ORRO SÁN C HEZ VI ll E G A S Loxoscelismo 237 MARÍA DE L CARMEN SO C ORRO SÁN C HEZ VI ll E G A S Farmacocinética Farmacocinética básica del tratamiento con antivenenos 259 CAR L O S SEV C IK , GINA D’SUZE Orugas Epidemiología clínica y terapéutica del envenenamiento por orugas. La experiencia venezolana 287 ARO C HA -PIÑAN G O CL, GUERRERO B,* LU C ENA S, GORZU L A S. Aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos del envenenamiento por Lonomia obliqua 303 ANA MARI S A CHUDZIN S KI -TAVA ss I , MAR L ENE ZANNIN Arañas La biología y taxonomía de las arañas americanas 181 AL E J ANDRO AL A G ÓN Y GEOR G E ODE ll Lonomia obliqua brasileña: bioquímica y fisiopatología del veneno 323 Foneutrismo en Brasil 203 ANA MARI S A CHUDZIN S KI -TAVA ss I , JOÃO LUIZ CO S TA CARDO S O , SY LVIA MAR L ENE MIRYAM PAO L A AL VAREZ FL ORE S LU C A S , ANTONIO D. BRE sc OVIT , CEI L A MARIA S. MÁ L AQUE Serpientes Aracnoidismo: su perspectiva clínica 221 Ofidismo en Brasil 371 MARÍA DE L CARMEN SO C ORRO SÁN C HEZ VI ll E G A S JOÃO LUIZ CO S TA CARDO S O , FRAN C I sc O Ósc AR DE SIQUEIRA FRANÇA , Loxoscelismo 237 VIDA L HADDAD JR., JO S É YAMIN RI S K , MARÍA DE L CARMEN SO C ORRO SÁN C HEZ VI ll E G A S MAR C E L O RI B EIRO DUARTE Experiencia mexicana en el tratamiento Farmacocinética de la intoxicación por mordedura de serpiente 411 Farmacocinética básica del tratamiento CAR L O S EDUARDO GAR C ÍA WI ll I S con antivenenos 259 CAR L O S SEV C IK , GINA D’SUZE El envenenamiento por mordedura de serpiente en América Central: epidemiología, clínica y tratamiento 431 Orugas JO S É MARÍA GUTIÉRREZ Epidemiología clínica y terapéutica del envenenamiento por orugas. Venenos de serpientes de la familia La experiencia venezolana 287 Viperidae en América: ARO C HA -PIÑAN G O CL, GUERRERO B,* bioquímica y fisiopatología 461 LU C ENA S, GORZU L A S. JO S É MARÍA GUTIÉRREZ , BRUNO LOMONTE , AL EXANDRA RU C AVA D O Y FERNANDO CH AV E S Aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos del envenenamiento por Lonomia obliqua 303 Epidemiología, clínica y terapéutica del ANA MARI S A CHUDZIN S KI -TAVA ss I , envenenamiento ofídico en Colombia 489 MAR L ENE ZANNIN RAFAE L OTERO -PATIÑO Presentación El envenenamiento por especies de alacranes, arácnidos, orugas y serpientes, en las distintas latitudes de Las Américas continúa siendo, en la actualidad, un campo apenas explorado en los dis- tintos niveles de atención, tanto rurales como urbanos, lo que constituye uno de los más grandes retos en la atención de ac- cidentes por envenenamiento, dado que el tiempo de respuesta, diagnóstico y tratamiento, no ha dejado de ser un factor funda- mental en las secuelas de las complicaciones y, en casos severos, en la amenaza de muerte de los pacientes. Además, la escasa seguridad de los fármacos disponibles y la significativa cantidad de sus efectos secundarios, acentúan la defi- ciencia en la atención de dichos envenenamientos. Para responder eficazmente a una problemática de tales alcances es necesaria una ardua labor en conjunto entre la Academia y la Industria farmacéu- tica. El enlace que se ha logrado entre ambas ha constituido la base para promover la constante evolución en la investigación y el desa- rrollo de antivenenos de tercera generación. A poco más de una dé- cada de proporcionar soluciones para estos padecimientos de salud pública, el Instituto Bioclon sigue avanzando en la investigación de los envenenamientos en las Américas, como en otros continentes, con la incorporación de alta tecnología que brinde a los pacientes la mayor seguridad, en cada uno de los productos desarrollados. 11 Además de su compromiso humano con los usuarios, el Ins- tituto Bioclon promueve la creación de proveedores de venenos certificados como compromiso ecológico para la preservación de las especies. Esta línea de acción trasciende fronteras, por lo que promueve la creación de redes internacionales para la generación de información epidemiológica y zoogeográfica de las especies de importancia médica. Una de las principales herramientas de inter- nacionalización es la generación de propiedad intelectual. Asimis- mo, la generación de programas de regionalización, adaptados a las necesidad de Salud Pública local, es otra de las vertientes en constante mejoramiento, al igual que la colaboración con líderes de opinión regionales para la validación clínica de los antivenenos. La presente obra es fruto del esfuerzo y compromiso de Bio- clon, en conjunto con Laboratorios Silanes, RedTox y CONACYT, para el apoyo a la divulgación de la investigación de especies ve- nenosas en Las Américas. Esperamos sea una herramienta valiosa en su encomiable labor en la práctica médica. 12 13 Alacranismo en León, Guanajuato, México Alfredo Luis Chávez-Haro Cruz Roja Mexicana, Delegación León, Guanajuato, México Autor de correspondencia: Alfredo Luis Chávez-Haro Yaquis 236 poniente Colonia Bugambilias, CP 37270 León, Guanajuato, México Dirección electrónica: [email protected] Sabemos que la picadura de un alacrán venenoso produce una Generalidades intoxicación en el ser humano y que ésta puede ser fatal, debido a las grandes alteraciones fisiológicas que desencadena. Por lo tanto, es fundamental actuar de inmediato, siguiendo los cáno- nes que indican que en toda intoxicación se debe actuar rápido, primero: para preservar la vida, con medidas iniciales tendientes a evitar la muerte y, segundo: aplicar de inmediato el antídoto específico (1). En la República Mexicana se han identificado, a la fecha, 221 especies de escorpiones, alacranes (del árabe, al`aqráb que sig- nifica escorpión) o colotl (del náhuatl, que significa monstruo), comprendidas en nueve familias, una de ellas la de los Butidos, en la cual está comprendido el género Centruroides, que cuenta con 21 especies, siete de ellas consideradas peligrosas por po- seer toxinas específicas contra los mamíferos en sus venenos. 15 Estos alacranes, considerados de alta peligrosidad, se localizan en la mitad occidental de nuestra República, la gran mayoría en la región neotropical. Estos alacranes son conocidos comúnmente como “güeros”. Son de talla mediana o pequeña y llevan en el dorso manchas de color café o negro, lo que les da un aspec- to rayado. Son de hábitos nocturnos, se alimentan de insectos, arañas e incluso de otros alacranes. Se encuentran debajo de las piedras y en las cortezas de los árboles; con mucha frecuencia entran a las casas, lo que los hace más peligrosos. La distribución de algunas especies en nuestro país es: 1. Centruroides elegans: Alacrán de la costa. Se distribuye en la parte occidental de Jalisco, en las costas de Nayarit y el sur de Sinaloa.
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