From Satirical Truthiness to Alternative Facts
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Post-Truth Politics and Richard Rorty's Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism
Ash Center Occasional Papers Tony Saich, Series Editor Something Has Cracked: Post-Truth Politics and Richard Rorty’s Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism Joshua Forstenzer University of Sheffield (UK) July 2018 Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation Harvard Kennedy School Ash Center Occasional Papers Series Series Editor Tony Saich Deputy Editor Jessica Engelman The Roy and Lila Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation advances excellence and innovation in governance and public policy through research, education, and public discussion. By training the very best leaders, developing powerful new ideas, and disseminating innovative solutions and institutional reforms, the Center’s goal is to meet the profound challenges facing the world’s citizens. The Ford Foundation is a founding donor of the Center. Additional information about the Ash Center is available at ash.harvard.edu. This research paper is one in a series funded by the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. The views expressed in the Ash Center Occasional Papers Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or of Harvard University. The papers in this series are intended to elicit feedback and to encourage debate on important public policy challenges. This paper is copyrighted by the author(s). It cannot be reproduced or reused without permission. Ash Center Occasional Papers Tony Saich, Series Editor Something Has Cracked: Post-Truth Politics and Richard Rorty’s Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism Joshua Forstenzer University of Sheffield (UK) July 2018 Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation Harvard Kennedy School Letter from the Editor The Roy and Lila Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation advances excellence and innovation in governance and public policy through research, education, and public discussion. -
Automated Tackling of Disinformation
Automated tackling of disinformation STUDY Panel for the Future of Science and Technology European Science-Media Hub EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) PE 624.278 – March 2019 EN Automated tackling of disinformation Major challenges ahead This study maps and analyses current and future threats from online misinformation, alongside currently adopted socio-technical and legal approaches. The challenges of evaluating their effectiveness and practical adoption are also discussed. Drawing on and complementing existing literature, the study summarises and analyses the findings of relevant journalistic and scientific studies and policy reports in relation to detecting, containing and countering online disinformation and propaganda campaigns. It traces recent developments and trends and identifies significant new or emerging challenges. It also addresses potential policy implications for the EU of current socio-technical solutions. ESMH | European Science-Media Hub AUTHORS This study was written by Alexandre Alaphilippe, Alexis Gizikis and Clara Hanot of EU DisinfoLab, and Kalina Bontcheva of The University of Sheffield, at the request of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA). It has been financed under the European Science and Media Hub budget and managed by the Scientific Foresight Unit within the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS) of the Secretariat of the European Parliament. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank all respondents to the online survey, as well as first draft, WeVerify, InVID, PHEME, REVEAL, and all other initiatives that contributed materials to the study. ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Mihalis Kritikos, Scientific Foresight Unit To contact the publisher, please e-mail [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSION Original: EN Manuscript completed in March 2019. -
Political Rhetoric and Minority Health: Introducing the Rhetoric- Policy-Health Paradigm
Saint Louis University Journal of Health Law & Policy Volume 12 Issue 1 Public Health Law in the Era of Alternative Facts, Isolationism, and the One Article 7 Percent 2018 Political Rhetoric and Minority Health: Introducing the Rhetoric- Policy-Health Paradigm Kimberly Cogdell Grainger North Carolina Central University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/jhlp Part of the Health Law and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Kimberly C. Grainger, Political Rhetoric and Minority Health: Introducing the Rhetoric-Policy-Health Paradigm, 12 St. Louis U. J. Health L. & Pol'y (2018). Available at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/jhlp/vol12/iss1/7 This Symposium Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Saint Louis University Journal of Health Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Scholarship Commons. For more information, please contact Susie Lee. SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW POLITICAL RHETORIC AND MINORITY HEALTH: INTRODUCING THE RHETORIC-POLICY-HEALTH PARADIGM KIMBERLY COGDELL GRAINGER* ABSTRACT Rhetoric is a persuasive device that has been studied for centuries by philosophers, thinkers, and teachers. In the political sphere of the Trump era, the bombastic, social media driven dissemination of rhetoric creates the perfect space to increase its effect. Today, there are clear examples of how rhetoric influences policy. This Article explores the link between divisive political rhetoric and policies that negatively affect minority health in the U.S. The rhetoric-policy-health (RPH) paradigm illustrates the connection between rhetoric and health. Existing public health policy research related to Health in All Policies and the social determinants of health combined with rhetorical persuasive tools create the foundation for the paradigm. -
Informasietegnologie Alternative Facts, Fake News Or Lies?
POST LIST INFORMASIETEGNOLOGIE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE FACTS, FAKE NEWS OR LIES? If there's one thing the US election taught us, it's that "alternative facts" exist and any news which puts Trump in a negative light is, apparently, "fake news". Fake news does exist, but it's not what Trump wants it to be. "Fake news, or hoax news, refers to false information or propaganda published under the guise of being authentic news. Fake news websites and channels push their fake news content in an attempt to mislead consumers of the content and spread misinformation via social networks." ( http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/fake-news.html) During the US election, it became clear that most of the fake news generated, including sites that improved Donald Trump's chances as a candidate, originated from outside the United States. In Macedonia, one teenager started a lucrative business spreading the pro-Trump fake news. Whether this played any role in Trump's presidential win, we'll never know. Speaking of Trump - Did you hear he signed a visa-free travel policy for South Africa? Not true! Fake news! Sad! Even in South Africa, it was suggested that the ANC used fake news to try and influence the local elections. It's easy to get swept up when you read something upsetting or ludicrous and of course, your first instinct is "I have to tell someone!" So you share it on Twitter, you send it via e-mail and you post it on Facebook and you feel like you are involved in spreading the news. -
Fake News' Is Equal: How Should Higher Education Respond to Fake News and in the Post- Truth Era Thomas E
The Liminal: Interdisciplinary Journal of Technology in Education Volume 1 | Issue 1 Article 3 August 2019 Not All 'Fake News' Is Equal: How Should Higher Education Respond to Fake News and in the post- Truth Era Thomas E. Keefe Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/theliminal Part of the Higher Education Commons, and the Language and Literacy Education Commons Recommended Citation Keefe, Thomas E. (2019) "Not All 'Fake News' Is Equal: How Should Higher Education Respond to Fake News and in the post-Truth Era," The Liminal: Interdisciplinary Journal of Technology in Education: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/theliminal/vol1/iss1/3 This Article Discussing a Construct is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Liminal: Interdisciplinary Journal of Technology in Education by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. Keefe: Not All 'Fake News' Is Equal In examining how higher education ought to respond to ‘fake news’ and the landscape of the ‘post-truth’ world, it is imperative to distinguish between accidental, ignorant, or intentional factual inaccuracies. The motives of accidental, ignorant, or disinformation are not uniform and, as such, the responses by institutions of higher education must not be uniform either. These three forms of erroneous information are as old as literacy itself, but with increased literacy as well as increased access to forms of dissemination and publication, the dangers of untrue information have been magnified. -
Religion and Fake News: Faith-Based Alternative Information Ecosystems in the U.S. and Europe
Religion and Fake News: Faith-based Alternative Information Ecosystems in the U.S. and Europe Christopher Douglas | 6 January 2018 Summary he intersection of fake news and religion is marked by three asymmetries. First, fake news circulates more among Americans than Europeans. Second, fake news circulates T among conservatives more than liberals. Third, fake news for conservatives often feature religious themes. The origin of the fake news information-entertainment ecosystem lies largely in Christian fundamentalism’s cultivation of counter-expertise. The intersection of fake news and religion today is being exploited by Russia to subvert Western democracies and deepen social divisions. Western countries need to strengthen mainstream evidence-based journalism, incorporate conservative religious leaders into mainstream discussions, and detach high religiosity from fake news information ecosystems. Page 1 About the Report This report was commissioned by the Cambridge Institute on Religion & International Studies (CIRIS) on behalf of the Transatlantic Policy Network on Religion and Diplomacy (TPNRD). About the TPNRD The TPNRD is a forum of diplomats from North America and Europe who collaborate on religion-related foreign policy issues. Launched in 2015, the network is co-chaired by officials from the European External Action Service and the U.S. Department of State. About CIRIS CIRIS is a multi-disciplinary research centre at Clare College, Cambridge. CIRIS’s role as the Secretariat of the TPNRD is generously supported by the Henry Luce Foundation’s initiative on religion in international affairs. For further information about CIRIS, visit ciris.org.uk. About the Author Christopher Douglas teaches American literature and religion at the University of Victoria, Canada. -
Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and Its Multifarious Enemies
Angles New Perspectives on the Anglophone World 10 | 2020 Creating the Enemy The “Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and its Multifarious Enemies Maxime Dafaure Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/angles/369 ISSN: 2274-2042 Publisher Société des Anglicistes de l'Enseignement Supérieur Electronic reference Maxime Dafaure, « The “Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and its Multifarious Enemies », Angles [Online], 10 | 2020, Online since 01 April 2020, connection on 28 July 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/angles/369 This text was automatically generated on 28 July 2020. Angles. New Perspectives on the Anglophone World is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The “Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and its Multifarious Enemies 1 The “Great Meme War:” the Alt- Right and its Multifarious Enemies Maxime Dafaure Memes and the metapolitics of the alt-right 1 The alt-right has been a major actor of the online culture wars of the past few years. Since it came to prominence during the 2014 Gamergate controversy,1 this loosely- defined, puzzling movement has achieved mainstream recognition and has been the subject of discussion by journalists and scholars alike. Although the movement is notoriously difficult to define, a few overarching themes can be delineated: unequivocal rejections of immigration and multiculturalism among most, if not all, alt- right subgroups; an intense criticism of feminism, in particular within the manosphere community, which itself is divided into several clans with different goals and subcultures (men’s rights activists, Men Going Their Own Way, pick-up artists, incels).2 Demographically speaking, an overwhelming majority of alt-righters are white heterosexual males, one of the major social categories who feel dispossessed and resentful, as pointed out as early as in the mid-20th century by Daniel Bell, and more recently by Michael Kimmel (Angry White Men 2013) and Dick Howard (Les Ombres de l’Amérique 2017). -
Can Public Diplomacy Survive the Internet?
D C CAN PUBLIC DIPLOMACY SURVIVE THE INTERNET? BOTS, ECHO CHAMBERS, AND DISINFORMATION Edited by Shawn Powers and Markos Kounalakis May 2017 TRANSMITTAL LETTER Tothe President, Congress, Secretary of State and the American People: Established in 1948, the U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy (ACPD) is authorized pur suant to Public Law 114- 113 to appraise all U.S. government efforts to understand, inform and in fluence foreign publics. We achieve this goal in a variety of ways, including, among other efforts, offering policy recommendations, and through our Comprehensive Annual Report, which tracks how the roughly $1.8 billion in appropriated funds is spent on public diplomacy efforts throughout the world. Part of the Commission’s mandate is to help the State Department prepare for cutting edge and transformative changes, which have the potential to upend how we think about engaging with foreign publics. This report aims to achieve precisely that. In order to think carefully about public diplomacy in this ever and rapidly changing communications space, the Commission convened a group of private sector, government, and academic experts at Stanford University’s Hoover Insti tution to discuss the latest research and trends in strategic communication in digital spaces. The results of that workshop, refined by a number of follow-on interviews and discussions with other organizations interested in similar questions, are included in this report. Can Public Diplomacy Survive the Internet? features essays by workshop participants that focus on emergent and potentially transformative technology and communication patterns. The essays also highlight the potential challenges and opportunities these changes create for public diplomacy practitioners in particular and the U.S. -
Perceived Truth of Statements and Simulated Social Media Postings
Nadarevic et al. Cogn. Research (2020) 5:56 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-020-00251-4 Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format Lena Nadarevic1* , Rolf Reber2, Anne Josephine Helmecke1 and Dilara Köse1 Abstract To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that infu- ence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identifed several reliable predictors of truth judgments—such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format—little is known about their simultaneous efects. In a series of four experiments, we investigated how the abovementioned factors jointly afect the perceived truth of statements (Experiments 1 and 2) and simulated social media postings (Experi- ments 3 and 4). Experiment 1 explored the role of source credibility (high vs. low vs. no source information) and pres- entation format (with vs. without a picture). In Experiments 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated repeated exposure (yes vs. no). Finally, Experiment 4 examined the role of source credibility (high vs. low) and type of repetition (congru- ent vs. incongruent vs. no repetition) in further detail. In sum, we found no efect of presentation format on truth judgments, but strong, additive efects of source credibility and repetition. Truth judgments were higher for informa- tion presented by credible sources than non-credible sources and information without sources. Moreover, congruent (i.e., verbatim) repetition increased perceived truth whereas semantically incongruent repetition decreased perceived truth, irrespectively of the source. -
Michael Krasny Has Interviewed a Wide Range of Major Political and Cultural Figures Including Edward Albee, Madeleine Albright
Michael Krasny has interviewed a wide range of major political and cultural figures including Edward Albee, Madeleine Albright, Sherman Alexei, Robert Altman, Maya Angelou, Margaret Atwood, Ken Auletta, Paul Auster, Richard Avedon, Joan Baez, Alec Baldwin, Dave Barry, Harry Belafonte, Annette Bening, Wendell Berry, Claire Bloom, Andy Borowitz, T.S. Boyle, Ray Bradbury, Ben Bradlee, Bill Bradley, Stephen Breyer, Tom Brokaw, David Brooks, Patrick Buchanan, William F. Buckley Jr, Jimmy Carter, James Carville, Michael Chabon, Noam Chomsky, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Cesar Chavez, Bill Cosby, Sandra Cisneros, Billy Collins, Pat Conroy, Francis Ford Coppola, Jacques Cousteau, Michael Crichton, Francis Crick, Mario Cuomo, Tony Curtis, Marc Danner, Ted Danson, Don DeLillo, Gerard Depardieu, Junot Diaz, Leonardo DiCaprio, Joan Didion, Maureen Dowd. Jennifer Egan, Daniel Ellsberg, Rahm Emanuel, Nora Ephron, Susan Faludi, Diane Feinstein, Jane Fonda, Barney Frank, Jonathan Franzen, Lady Antonia Fraser, Thomas Friedman, Carlos Fuentes, John Kenneth Galbraith, Andy Garcia, Jerry Garcia, Robert Gates, Newt Gingrich, Allen Ginsberg, Malcolm Gladwell, Danny Glover, Jane Goodall, Stephen Greenblatt, Matt Groening, Sammy Hagar, Woody Harrelson, Robert Hass, Werner Herzog, Christopher Hitchens, Nick Hornby, Khaled Hosseini, Patricia Ireland, Kazuo Ishiguro, Molly Ivins, Jesse Jackson, PD James, Bill T. Jones, James Earl Jones, Ashley Judd, Pauline Kael, John Kerry, Tracy Kidder, Barbara Kingsolver, Alonzo King, Galway Kinnell, Ertha Kitt, Paul Krugman, Ray -
Alternative Facts Resource Guide
Rutgers University-Camden March 6th, 2017 Teaching Matters and Assessment Center (TMAC) Dr. William FitzGerald, Director │ Brynn Kairis, Graduate Assistant Resource Guide: Teaching in a “Post-Truth” Era What is a “Post-Truth” World? “The Emergence of a Post-Fact World” by Francis Fukuyama “Post-Truth Pluralism: The Unlikely Political Wisdom of Nietzsche” by Kathleen Higgins “The Post-Truth World: Yes, I’d Lie to You” by The Economist “Alternative Facts in a Post-Truth World?” by Jay Ogilvy “Word of the Year 2016” by Oxford Dictionary Recent Studies on Civic and Information Literacies “Americans Fail a Basic Test on Their History and Institutions” by the Intercollegiate Studies Institute “Students Have ‘Dismaying’ Inability to Tell Fake News from Real, Study Finds” by Camila Domonoske (NPR) “Evaluating Information: The Cornerstone of Civic Online Reasoning” by the Stanford History Education Group Report on Stanford Study (Above) by Brooke Donald Perspectives on the University’s Role in a “Post-Truth” Era “American Universities Must Take a Stand” by Leon Botstein (NYT) “Teach Students How to Spot Fake News, Say Academics” by Richard Vaughan (iNews) “Teaching in the Post-Truth Era” by Johnathan Gold (The Huffington Post) “Alternative Facts, Fake News, and the Anguish of the ‘Objective’ Teacher” by The Virtual Pedagogue “Education in a Post-Truth World” by Michael A. Peters Teaching in the “Post-Truth” Era “Five Ways Teachers are Fighting Fake News” by Sophia Alvarez Boyd (NPR) “Fake News? Bias? How Colleges Teach Students -
The Ultimate Cure for the Fake News Epidemic Will Be More Skeptical Readers
BEHAVIOR & SOCIETY The Ultimate Cure for the Fake News Epidemic Will Be More Skeptical Readers New algorithms will help—but users' skepticism is the ultimate weapon By David Pogue on February 1, 2017 Credit: Thomas Fuchs “Pope Francis Shocks World, Endorses Donald Trump for President.” “FBI Agent Suspected in Hillary Email Leaks Found Dead of Apparent Murder-Suicide.” “Rush Reveals Michelle's Perverted Past After She Dumps on Trump.” Those headlines didn't come from the New York Times or CNN; they were likely written by teenagers in Macedonia. Those fake news stories were written as clickbait, designed to draw readers to fake-news sites, where the Balkan teens made money by selling ads. If last fall's election will go down in history as the Election of Unintended Consequences, those fake stories are no exception. They wound up circulating copiously on Twitter and Facebook; on the latter, the top-20 fake stories actually triggered more clicks than the top-20 real ones. Fake news became fodder for ugly partisan warfare online, too. Worst of all, it might have affected the presidential election results. Remember, 44 percent of U.S. adults get their news from Facebook. You wouldn't think that fake news would be controversial. Surely we all agree that something as important as a presidential election should be based on truth. Can't we just ask Facebook and Twitter to block fake news? We can, but they can't. The problem isn't technological—it's philosophical. “Identifying the ‘truth’ is complicated,” Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg wrote in response to the phenomenon of fake news.