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Computer Aided Design of Waveguide Filters Using the Mode Matching Method

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Computer Aided Design of Waveguide Filters Using the Mode Matching Method COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF WAVEGUIDE FILTERS USING THE MODE MATCHING METHOD A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon by Raju Balasubramanian June 1997 @ Copyright Raju Balasubramanian, 1997. All rights reserved. Permission To Use In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgrad- uate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Request for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A9 Abstract Modern satellite and terrestrial telecommunication systems usually employ a large number of waveguide filters, operating at microwave frequencies. Traditionally, waveg- uide filters are designed empirically using approximate discontinuity models and ex- tensive bread-boarding. Over the last two decades, the demand for accurate analysis and design techniques has generated a tremendous output of numerical methods for microwave applications. The mode matching method, based on a combined field theory and modern network theory approach, is a powerful technique for solving waveguide discontinuity problems which are inherently present in waveguide filter structures. With the advent of powerful computers and workstations, field theory based models became desirable tools for computer aided design of waveguide filters. In this thesis, complete computer aided design methods for waveguide bandpass and low-pass filters are developed. Several existing filter structures are designed and new filter structures with better performance characteristics are proposed. The results obtained are verified using experimental and published results. With the computer aided design method developed in this thesis, waveguide low-pass and bandpass fil- ters at microwave frequencies can be designed accurately without bread-boarding and post-production tuning of the designed filters. The design process in mass produc- tion of the microwave waveguide filters can be greatly simplified with the use of the computer aided design method developed. ii Acknowledgements The author is indebted to Dr. Protap Pramanick for his supervision, constant encouragement and financial support during the course of this work. Thanks are due to the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon for providing the facilities to pursue this research and for providing some financial support. It is a pleasure to acknowledge Microwaves Development Company, North An- dover, MA, USA for providing the experimental results. The author also wishes to express his sincere gratitude to the Electrical Engineering Department and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA for granting the permission to use the optimization code. The author is indebted to many friends for invaluable suggestions and advice. Particular thanks are due to D. A. Cargill, R. Tanha and F. R. Djoemadi. The author wishes to thank his family and relatives in India for their guidance and encouragement. iii Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the author's mother for her love, care, patience, dedi- cation and constant support. iv Table Of Contents Permission To Use Acknowledgements iii Table Of Contents List of Tables viii List of Figures List of Symbols xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Rectangular Waveguide 1 1.1.1 Mode Nomenclature 3 1.1.2 TEN-mode 4 1.1.3 Waveguide Impedance 4 1.2 Filters 5 1.2.1 Microwave Filters 8 1.3 Thesis Objectives 9 1.3.1 Computer Aided Design: A Motivation 9 1.4 Thesis Overview 10 2 Literature review and background 12 2.1 Literature survey 12 2.2 Waveguide discontinuities 14 2.2.1 Step Junctions 15 2.2.2 Iris 16 2.3 Scattering Parameters 17 2.3.1 Scattering Matrix of a Transmission Line 19 2.4 ABCD parameters 20 2.5 Conversion of S to ABCD parameters 21 2.6 Physical and electrical port networks 22 2.7 Cascading of scattering matrices 23 3 The Mode Matching Method 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Characterization of Discontinuities 26 3.3 H-plane Step Discontinuity 30 3.4 E-plane Step Discontinuity 33 3.5 EH-plane Step Discontinuity 35 3.6 E-plane Iris 39 3.7 Summary 41 4 Synthesis and Analysis 42 4.1 Bandpass Filter Design 43 4.1.1 Performance Parameters 43 4.1.2 Synthesis Method 45 4.2 Low-pass Filter Design 53 4.2.1 Performance Parameters 55 4.2.2 Synthesis Method 56 4.3 Advantages of CAD Synthesis Method 58 4.4 Analysis 58 4.5 Optimization 60 vi 5 Results and Discussion 62 5.1 Filter Structures 63 5.2 Verification of the Analysis Method 64 5.2.1 H-plane Structure Analysis 65 5.2.2 E-plane Structure Analysis 66 5.3 Design Examples 71 5.3.1 H-plane Bandpass Filter 71 5.3.2 E-plane Bandpass Filter 78 5.3.3 E-plane Low-pass Filter 87 5.4 Summary 98 6 Conclusions 99 6.1 Limitations 101 6.2 Future work 101 Bibliography 103 A Computer program for synthesis of E-plane low-pass filter 105 B Computer program for analysing E-plane low-pass filter structures 117 vii List of Tables 3.1 Normalized susceptance of a H-plane step discontinuity 32 3.2 Normalized susceptance of an E-plane step discontinuity 35 3.3 Normalized susceptance of an EH-plane step discontinuity 39 3.4 E-plane Iris Discontinuity 41 5.1 Dimensions of the filter 66 5.2 Comparison between computed and measured performance 66 5.3 Dimensions of the filter 68 5.4 Dimensions of the filter 70 5.5 Dimension of the H-plane filter 72 5.6 Dimensions of the tapered corrugated bandpass filter 74 5.7 Dimensions of the filter for through tapering 76 5.8 Dimensions of the filter for mixed tapering 78 5.9 Dimensions of the filter for mixed tapering 78 5.10 Dimensions of the E-plane uniform bandpass filter 81 5.11 Dimensions of the E-plane cosine tapered bandpass filter 84 5.12 Dimensions of the E-plane cosine tapered bandpass filter 84 5.13 Dimensions of the E-plane optimized filter 86 5.14 Dimensions of the E-plane uniform low-pass filter 89 5.15 Dimensions of the E-plane cosine tapered low-pass filter 91 5.16 Dimensions of the E-plane square tapered low-pass filter 91 5.17 Dimensions of the E-plane exponential tapered low-pass filter 91 5.18 Dimensions of the E-plane cosine tapered low-pass filter 94 viii 5.19 Dimensions of the E-plane cosine tapered low-pass filter 97 ix List of Figures 1.1 Rectangular Waveguide 2 1.2 Basic types of filters 6 1.3 General representation of a filter network 6 1.4 Frequency response of different types of filters 7 2.1 Step discontinuities in a rectangular waveguide 15 2.2 EH-plane step discontinuity in a rectangular waveguide 16 2.3 E-plane iris in a rectangular waveguide 16 2.4 An N-port junction illustrating scattered waves 17 2.5 A section of lossless uniform transmission line 19 2.6 ABCD parameters of a two port network 20 2.7 Cascading of ABCD parameters 21 2.8 Cascading of S parameters 24 3.1 Waveguide step discontinuity 27 3.2 Equivalent circuit of a H-plane Step Discontinuity 32 3.3 Equivalent circuit of an E-plane Step Discontinuity 35 3.4 Characterization of an E-plane Iris Discontinuity 40 3.5 Equivalent circuit of an E-plane Iris Discontinuity 40 4.1 Passband characteristics of a bandpass filter 43 4.2 Equivalent models of the corrugated waveguide filter 45 4.3 Waveguide bandpass filter with E-plane iris discontinuities 46 4.4 Waveguide bandpass filter with H-plane iris discontinuities 47 4.5 Equivalent impedance inverter of an asymmetrical iris 50 4.6 E-plane uniform corrugated waveguide low-pass filter 53 4.7 E-plane tapered corrugated waveguide low-pass filter 54 4.8 Passband characteristics of a low-pass filter 55 4.9 Equivalent models of the corrugated waveguide filter 57 4.10 Analysis of symmetric waveguide filters 59 5.1 Filter structure with H-plane discontinuities 65 5.2 Comparision between simulated and measured performance 67 5.3 Comparison of simulated and experimental passband return loss . 68 5.4 Comparison of simulated and experimental insertion loss 69 5.5 Comparison of simulated and experimental insertion loss . 70 5.6 Performance characteristics of the uniform bandpass filter 72 5.7 Stopband characteristics of the uniform bandpass filter 73 5.8 Tapered corrugated waveguide bandpass filter 74 5.9 Comparison of stopband characteristics 75 5.10 Comparison of stopband characteristics 76 5.11 Passband characteristics of 25mm through tapering 77 5.12 Comparison of stopband characteristics 79 5.13 Passband characteristics of 25 and 20 mixed tapering filter 80 5.14 Passband characteristics of E-plane uniform bandpass filter 82 5.15 Stopband characteristics of an E-plane uniform bandpass filter 83 5.16 Comparison of stopband characteristics 85 5.17 Passband characteristics of cosine tapered bandpass filter 86 5.18 Passband characteristics of E-plane optimized bandpass filter 87 5.19 Stopband characteristics of an E-plane optimized bandpass filter .
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