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Evidence of attenuatus (Blandford 1894) (Coleoptera: : Scolytinae: ) populations in Quebec, Canada Présence de populations de Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae : Xyleborini) au Québec, Canada Valentin Popa, Claude Guertin et Robert Werbiski

Volume 94, numéro 1, 2014 Résumé de l'article Six espèces du genre Xyleborinus (Reitter 1913) ont été rapportées en Amérique URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1024720ar du Nord. Cinq de ces espèces ont été introduites et une espèce est considérée DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1024720ar indigène en Amérique du Nord et du Sud. Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894), qui a été introduit en Amérique depuis l’Asie, a été rapporté pour la Aller au sommaire du numéro première fois en 1995 dans l’ouest du Canada, en Colombie-Britannique, puis en 2007 dans l’est du pays, en Nouvelle-Écosse. Au Québec, X. attenuatus a été rapporté en 2009 à la suite de la capture d’un seul spécimen. Dans la présente Éditeur(s) étude, nous présentons des preuves supplémentaires de la présence de ce scolyte du bois exotique au Québec, Canada. Société de protection des plantes du Québec (SPPQ)

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Citer cet article Popa, V., Guertin, C. & Werbiski, R. (2014). Evidence of Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) populations in Quebec, Canada. Phytoprotection, 94(1), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.7202/1024720ar

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Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Evidence of Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) populations in Quebec, Canada

Valentin Popa1, Claude Guertin1 * and Robert Werbiski 2

Received on 2013-11-01; accepted on 2013-12-11

PHYTOPROTECTION 94 : 8-12

Six of the Xyleborinus (Reitter 1913) have been reported in North America. Five of these species were introduced, and one species is considered native to North and South America. Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894), which was introduced into the Americas from Asia, was first recorded in 1995 in western Canada, in the province of British Columbia, and then in 2007 in the province of Nova Scotia, in eastern Canada. In Quebec, X. attenuatus was initially recorded in 2009 based on a single captured specimen. In this study, we present additional evidence of the presence of this alien ambrosia in Quebec, Canada. Keywords: Alien species, ambrosia beetle, Canada, Quebec, records.

[Présence de populations de Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae : Xyleborini) au Québec, Canada] Six espèces du genre Xyleborinus (Reitter 1913) ont été rapportées en Amérique du Nord. Cinq de ces espèces ont été introduites et une espèce est considérée indigène en Amérique du Nord et du Sud. Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894), qui a été introduit en Amérique depuis l’Asie, a été rapporté pour la première fois en 1995 dans l’ouest du Canada, en Colombie-Britannique, puis en 2007 dans l’est du pays, en Nouvelle-Écosse. Au Québec, X. attenuatus a été rapporté en 2009 à la suite de la cap- ture d’un seul spécimen. Dans la présente étude, nous présentons des preuves supplémentaires de la présence de ce scolyte du bois exotique au Québec, Canada. Mots-clés : Canada, espèce exotique, Québec, rapports, scolyte du bois.

INTRODUCTION in North America following exotic beetle trapping surveys in Alabama and Louisiana. Rabaglia et al. The ambrosia beetle genus Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913 (2010) provided identification keys for the five recorded (Xyleborini) comprises at least 84 recognized species species. Another recently identified alien ambrosia worldwide (Cognato 2008). In North America, Rabaglia beetle, X. artestriatus (Eichhoff 1878), was first et al. (2006) listed only three species that belong to reported in Georgia and Texas (Cognato et al. 2013). the genus Xyleborinus, including X. gracilis (Eichhoff Consequently, six Xyleborinus species have been 1868), X. alni (Niisima 1909) and X. saxesenii identified in North America to date. All of these (Ratzeburg 1837). Of these, only X. gracilis is con- Xyleborinus species have been inventoried and sidered a native species to North and South America; included in a summary (Hulcr 2012). X. alni and X. saxesenii were introduced into the In Canada, only two of these Xyleborinus species Americas from Asia. Recently, Knižek (2011) proposed that X. alni (Niisima 1909) is synonymous with X. have been reported: X. saxesenii (Ratzeburg) and X. attenuatus (Blandford 1894). Furthermore, Cognato attenuatus (Blandford). was and Rubinoff (2008) identified X. andrewesi (Blandford first recorded in North America in 1915 (Haack 2001). 1896) in Hawaii. Okins and Thomas (2010) identified Xyleborinus saxesenii is considered a transcontinental X. andrewesi for the first time in the eastern United species (Rabaglia et al. 2006) and is widely distributed States based on 24 specimens reared from branches in Europe (Kirkendall and Faccoli 2010; Knižek 2011). of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) in North Fort In Quebec, Canada, X. saxesenii was first recorded in Myers, Florida. Rabaglia et al. (2010) also recorded 2003 by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency based X. octiesdentatus (Murayama 1931) for the first time on specimens recovered from hardwood (CFIA 2003).

1. INRS–Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval (Quebec), Canada H7V 1B7; * [email protected] 2. Department of National Defence, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (Quebec), Canada J0J 1R0

8 PHYTOPROTECTION 94 (1) 2014 as follows:9-V-2011: threespecimens at Farnham , 16specimensof As aresultofthe3-yrtrapping surveyofalienbark RESULTS ANDDISCUSSION using ArcGISandArcMap10.0software. mological collection.Adistributionmapwasdrawn specimens weredepositedintheINRS-IAFento Chantal’s Collection(Varennes,QC).Allcaptured ON). OnespecimenwasalsoidentifiedfromClaude stereomicroscope (Carl Zeiss Canada Ltd., Toronto, to morphologicalfeaturesusingaDiscoveryV20 of capturedspecimenswasperformedaccording sequently mountedandpinned.Theidentification specimens werepreservedin70%alcoholandsub June. Trapcupsweresampledweekly,andcaptured ranged fromthebeginningofMarchtoend Semiochemicals Corp. baited withpineshootbeetleenhancedlures(Synergy Corp. exotic barkbeetlelure(SynergySemiochemicals release ethanollure,seudenolfrontalinand with acomplexofsemiochemicals,suchaslow- preserve the captured . The traps were baited plastic cupsfilledwith50mlofpropyleneglycolto populations. Lindgrentrapswereequippedwith Burnaby, BC)wereusedforthesurveyofbarkbeetle multi-funnel traps(SynergySemiochemicalsCorp. east ofMontreal.In2011and2012,12-unitLindgren in Farnham,Quebec,Canada,about55kmsouth- beetle populationsattheFarnhamGarrisonlocated during a 3-yr (2011-2013) trapping survey of bark Xyleborinus attenuatus MATERIAL ANDMETHODS National Defence. program performedfortheCanadianDepartmentof in Quebec,Canada,followingabarkbeetlesurvey Agency (Douglas in Lindgrentraps set by the Canadian Food Inspection in Sherbrooke,basedonasinglespecimencaptured In Quebec, the CanadianFoodInspectionAgency(CFIA2007). during exoticspeciestrappingsurveyprogramsof 2007 inDartmouthandDebert(NovaScotia,Canada) bark beetles. States followingextensivetrappingsurveysofexotic the presenceof and Rabaglia(2007)mentionedforthefirsttime a relativelyrecentintroductionintoCanada.Hoebeke by HumbleandAllen(2006), Inspection Agency(CFIA1996).Later,inapublication British ColumbiainareportfromtheCanadianFood attenuatus data citedbyMudge British Columbia,Canada(L.H.Humble,unpublished in fourdifferentlocationstheVancouverareaof gests thatthisspecieswasfirstrecordedin1995 (Mudge ern NorthAmericain1996 in Washington and Oregon In this article, we present new records of Xyleborinus attenuatus ® ). Ina2013survey,theLindgrentrapswere et al. wasfirstofficiallymentionedin1996from X. attenuatus Xyleborinus attenuatus 2001). However, some evidence sug X. attenuatus et al. 2013). ® et al. ). Thefieldtrappingperiod specimenswerecaptured X. attenuatus wasfirstrecordedin2009 wasfirstreportedinwest X. attenuatus (2001)).InCanada, intheeasternUnited wasrecordedin werecaptured X. attenuatus wascitedas X. ® - - - - ,

9 et al. Douglas by Garrison. Consideringthepreviousrecord Garrison; 2-V-2013:ninespecimensin Farnham Garri­ Collection); 1-V-2012:twospecimensatFarnham Varennes, QC(specimenfoundinClaudeChantal’s Garrison, Farnham,QC;21-III-2012:onespecimenin records). Canada (graysquare–previousrecord;redcirclenew Figure 1.Mapof galleries measuring about 2.4 cm in length and 1.3 cm galleries measuring about2.4cminlength and1.3cm biology ofthisspecies.The insectboresoval-shaped Niisima (1909)providedthe firstdataregardingthe third interstriae(Figs.4,5). displays larger, pointed and hook-like denticles on the X. saxesenii has alongerbody(2.5to3.0mm)comparedwith related species attenuatus Cognato (2008)andRabaglia Rabaglia al featuresof More recent references regarding the morphologic (1894) andalaterdescriptionbyNiisima(1909). with theoriginaldescriptionreportedbyBlandford species hasbeendescribedbymanyauthorsstarting of bothelytra(Holzschuh1994;Cognato2008).This (Fig. 3)layingontheantero-medial(sutural)borders and Other relatedgenerasuchas abundantly filledwithlonghair-likesetae(Fig.2). lum withthecavitysurroundingthisstructure being easily recognizablebythepresenceofaconicalscutel that species of the genus atus Maine basedontheactualdistributionof Quebec fromthesouth,possiblyVermontand m ( X. attenuatus and deciduousstandscanbefound.Specimensof Farnham militarygarrison,amixtureofconiferous basic attractant of this lure type is 2013 byusingpineshootbeetleenhancedlure.The Xyleborinus attenuatus and Varennes(45.678116 -71.8822763 locations in Quebec, Canada: Sherbrooke (45.402406 Betula 2 The biologyof Wood (2007)andCognato(2008)havementioned . inthenorthernUnitesStates(Atkinson2013). Anisandrus Xyleborinus attenuatus (2013), son; 17-V-2012:onespecimenatFarnham spp.) stands with a density of four trees per et al. couldbeeasilyconfusedwiththeclosely o (1.9to2.4mm),andtheelytral declivity W),Farnham(45.302716 X. attenuatus werecapturedmainlyinyoungbirch (2006), Hoebeke and Rabaglia (2007), X. attenuatus Xyleborinus attenuatus Ferraridisplayalargerflatscutellum X. saxesenii X. attenuatus o captures wereimprovedin N;-73.418328 is presentlyfoundinthree Xyleborinus . However, havebeenprovidedby et al. recently migrated to islargelyunknown. (2010). recordsinQuebec, a o N; -73.001981W) N; -73.001981W) -pinene. At the X. attenuatus o (Reitter) are W)(Fig.1). Xyleborinus (Eichhoff) X. attenu o N; N; - - -

POPA ET AL.: AMBROSIA BEETLE POPULATIONS IN QUEBEC

in width. In Japan, the host plant for X. attenuatus is Like all xyleborines, Xyleborinus species are ambro- the grey alder, Alnus incana (L.) Moench. In Japan, sia beetles that bore into the xylem of host trees and adult flight activity has been reported to begin in April cultivate fungal symbionts as food for adults and or May. Bright and Skidmore (1997), Wood and Bright larvae (Biedermann et al. 2009). Fungal symbionts of (1992) and Mudge et al. (2001) have suggested that ambrosia beetles are vertically transmitted supporting Alnus Mill., Betula L., Corylus L., Salix L. and Tilia L. the hypothesis of coevolution between two partners may act as hosts for X. attenuatus in the Palearctic (Six 2003). Biedermann et al. (2013) found Raffaelea region. LaBonte et al. (2005) reported the genus sulphurea (Batra) T.C. Harrin. and Fusicolla acetilerea Prunus L. as host for X. attenuatus in North America (Tubaki, C. Booth and T. Harada) Gräfenhan & Seifert based on specimens recovered from the trunk of a as fungal associates with X. saxesenii. Fungal species flowering cherry tree. The genus Prunus L. was first associated with xyleborine ambrosia beetles may mentioned as host plant in the original habitat of cause severe tree diseases such as oak dieback in X. attenuatus by Wood and Bright (1992). Additionally, Asia (Kamata et al. 2002) and laurel wilt disease in Nikulina et al. (2007) mentioned Populus L., Quercus North America (Mayfield et al. 2008; Harrington and L. and Fagus L. as host plants for X. attenuatus in Fraedrich 2010). Moreover, xyleborine ambrosia bee- eastern Europe. In western Europe, Holzschuh (1994) tles are the perfect candidates for the invasion of new mentioned the same host plants as for eastern Europe habitats because of their large host plant spectrum and suggested that X. attenuatus has a large host and their ability to inbreed. Theoretically, a single spectrum. fertilized female can potentially start an entirely new population (Kirkendall 1983; Jordal et al. 2001).

Figure 2. Xyleborinus attenuatus – scutellum. Figure 3. Anisandrus sayi – scutellum.

Figure 4. Xyleborinus attenuatus – lateral view of elytral Figure 5. Xyleborinus attenuatus – dorsal view. declivity.

10 PHYTOPROTECTION 94 (1) 2014 Cognato, A.I.2008. CFIA. 2007. CFIA. 2003. CFIA. 1996. Bright, D.E.,andR.E.Skidmore.1997. Blandford, W.F.H.1894. Biedermann, P.H.W.,K.D.Klepzig,M.Taborsky,andD.L.Six. Biedermann, P.H.W., K.D. Klepzig, and M. Taborsky. 2009. Atkinson, T.H.2013. REFERENCES of CanadathroughtheiForResearchgroup. National Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canadian DepartmentofNationalDefenceandbythe production. Thisstudywaspartiallyfundedbythe naturelles duQuébecforherassistancewithmap Danièle PouliotfromtheministèredesRessources tification ofvaluableliterature.Finally,wethank Burnaby, BC,Canada)forassistingwiththeiden Dr. TroyKimoto(CanadianFoodInspectionAgency, mation relatedto Institute, Prague,CzechRepublic)forprovidinginfor Knižek (ForestryandGameManagementResearch X. attenuatus Gainesville, USA)forconfirmingtheidentificationof We thank Dr. Jiri Hulcr (University of Florida, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS especially inthecontextofclimatechange. and ornamentaltreesinQuebeceasternCanada, that thisspeciescouldhaveondeciduousforests alien ambrosiabeetleinordertoassesstheimpact Further studiesarerequiredonthebiologyofthis Canadian provincesofNewBrunswickandOntario. the occurrenceofthisspeciesinneighbouring territory. Todate,wehavenoinformationabout Quebec and continues to spread over the province’s In conclusion, xyleborini.speciesfile.org (Accessed onAug.14,2013). ernisation oftaxonomicexpertise. Availableathttp:// beetles (Scolytinae:Xyleborini). Preservationandmod (Accessed onJan.07,2013). gc.ca/english/plaveg/pestrava/surv/sit2007e.shtml situation inCanada.Available athttp://www.inspection. 2013). gc.ca/english/sci/surv/sit2003e.shtml (Accessed on Jan. 07, situation inCanada.Availableathttp://www.inspection. pp. 34-36. situation inCanada.GovernmentofCanada,Ottawa,ON. Ottawa, ON. 1994), National Research Council of Canada Press, and Platypodidae(Coleoptera).Supplement1(1990- 53-141. Japan. Part III. Scolytidae. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 4: 711-723. Curculionidae, Scolytinae).FEMSMicrobiol.Ecol.83: cial beetle the complexambrosiagardensofprimitivelyeuso 2013. Environ. Entomol.38:1096-1105. laboratory breedingsuccessinthree Fungus cultivationbyambrosiabeetles:behaviorand 2013). target_species.php?lookUp=2023 (accessed on Jan 07, and Canada,http://barkbeetles.info/us_canada_chklist_ Abundance and dynamics of filamentous fungi in Summaryofplantquarantinepestanddisease Summaryofplantquarantinepestanddisease Summaryofplantquarantinepestanddisease Xyleborinus saxesenii specimens.SpecialthankstoDr.Milos X. attenuatus Monographicresearchoftropical bark BarkandambrosiabeetlesoftheUS X. alni TheRhynchophorousColeopteraof synonymy.Wealsothank hasrecentlyarrivedin Ratzeburg(Coleoptera: AcatalogofScolytidae Xyleborine species. - - - -

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