V ERSION 4 Beta, 25/09/2001. Third Level Soil Code of the STU from the 1974 (Modified CEC 1985) FAO UNESCO Soil Legend

150° VERSION 4 beta, 25/09/2001. 70° Third level soil code of the STU from the 1974 (modified CEC 1985) FAOUNESCO Soil Legend. 80° No information Eutric Podzoluvisol HumoCalcaric Lithosol Histo Gleyic Podzol Eutric Planosol Acrisol Gleyic Podzoluvisol Dystric Lithosol StagnoGleyic Podzol VertiEutric Planosol Gleyic Acrisol Eutric Gleyic Podzoluvisol Eutric Lithosol Humic Podzol Mollic Planosol Humic Acrisol StagnoGleyic Podzoluvisol Fluvisol FerroHumic Podzol Solodic Planosol Orthic Acrisol Rendzina Calcaric Fluvisol Leptic Podzol Calcic Xerosol Calcaric Cambisol Cambic Rendzina FluviCalcaric Fluvisol HumoLeptic Podzol Gypsic Xerosol Chromic Cambisol Orthic Rendzina Gleyo Calcaric Fluvisol Orthic Podzol Solonchak Edited by Calcaro Chromic Cambisol Calcaric Gleysol Dystric Fluvisol FerroOrthic Podzol Gleyic Solonchak Dystric Cambisol Dystric Gleysol Gleyo Dystric Fluvisol HumoOrthic Podzol Orthic Solonchak AndoDystric Cambisol StagnoDystric Gleysol Eutric Fluvisol Placic Podzol Town Spodo Dystric Cambisol Eutric Gleysol FluviEutric Fluvisol Arenosol Soil disturbed by man 80° Eutric Cambisol FluviEutric Gleysol Gleyo Eutric Fluvisol Albic Arenosol Water body AndoEutric Cambisol StagnoEutric Gleysol Mollic Fluvisol Cambic Arenosol Marsh Calcaro Eutric Cambisol VertiEutric Gleysol Gleyo Mollic Fluvisol Calcaro Cambic Arenosol Glacier FluviEutric Cambisol MolliFluvic Gleysol Thionic Fluvisol DystriCambic Arenosol Rock outcrops Gleyo Eutric Cambisol Humic Gleysol Haplic Kastanozem Humic Arenosol Non soils VertiEutric Cambisol Histo Humic Gleysol Calcic Kastanozem Luvic Arenosol 70° Gleyic Cambisol StagnoLuvic Gleysol VermiCalcic Kastanozem DystriLuvic Arenosol Calcaro Gleyic Cambisol Mollic Gleysol Luvic Kastanozem Calcaric Regosol StagnoGleyic Cambisol Calcaro Mollic Gleysol Albic Luvisol Dystric Regosol VertiGleyic Cambisol (?) FluviMollic Gleysol Chromic Luvisol Eutric Regosol Humic Cambisol Stagnic Gleysol Rhodo Chromic Luvisol Gelic Regosol Calcic Cambisol Undefined code VertiChromic Luvisol Gleyic Solonetz FluviCalcic Cambisol Gelic Gleysol Gleyo Dystric Luvisol Mollic Solonetz 60° HumoCalcic Cambisol Calcaric Phaeozem Ferric Luvisol Orthic Solonetz VertiCalcic Cambisol VermiCalcaric Phaeozem Gleyic Luvisol FluviOrthic Solonetz Vertic Cambisol FluviCalcaric Phaeozem AlboGleyic Luvisol Humic Andosol Calcaro Vertic Cambisol Alkalino Calcaric Phaeozem Plano Gleyic Luvisol Ochric Andosol Gelic Cambisol Gleyic Phaeozem StagnoGleyic Luvisol Vitric Andosol Chernozem Calcaro Gleyic Phaeozem Calcic Luvisol Ranker 90° Haplic Chernozem StagnoGleyic Phaeozem ChromoCalcic Luvisol Dystric5 R0a°nker Calcic Chernozem Haplic Phaeozem Orthic Luvisol Chromic Vertisol VermiCalcic Chernozem Luvic Phaeozem Vertic Luvisol Calcaro Chromic Vertisol Calcaro Calcic Chernozem VertiLuvic Phaeozem Orthic Greyzem Gleyic Vertisol Luvic Chernozem Orthic Phaeozem Dystric Histosol Pellic Vertisol 80° Podzoluvisol Lithosol Eutric Histosol Gleyo Pellic Vertisol Dystric Podzoluvisol Calcaric Lithosol Gleyic Podzol Dystric Planosol 40° 70° 20° 60° Scale 1 : 30 000 000 10° 50° 0 1000 2000 km 0 40° 10° 20° 30° Plot date: 02/10/2001 ? 2001 Copyright European Soil Bureau, JRC, European Commission This map, nor any part thereof, should not be reproduced in any form, el ectronic or otherwise, without the express permission of the European Commission Political boundaries are not authoritative..

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Soil Properties and Pre-Columbian Settlement Patterns in The
SOIL, 1, 65–81, 2015 www.soil-journal.net/1/65/2015/ doi:10.5194/soil-1-65-2015 SOIL © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Soil properties and pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Monumental Mounds Region of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian Amazon U. Lombardo1,2, S. Denier1, and H. Veit1 1Universität Bern, Geographisches Institut, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland 2CaSeS research group, IMF-CSIC, C/Egipciaques, 15-08001 Barcelona, Spain Correspondence to: U. Lombardo ([email protected]) Received: 5 May 2014 – Published in SOIL Discuss.: 15 May 2014 Revised: – – Accepted: 26 September 2014 – Published: 6 January 2015 Abstract. In the present paper we explore to what degree soil properties might have inﬂuenced pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Monumental Mounds Region (MMR) of the Llanos de Moxos (LM), Bolivian Amazon. Monumental mounds are pre-Hispanic earth buildings and were preferentially built on mid- to late Holocene palaeolevees of the Grande River (here denominated PR1), while levees of older palaeorivers (PR0) were only sparsely occupied. We dug two transects across PR0 and PR1 levee–backswamp catenas and analysed them for grain size, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and Corg. Our data show that PR1 soils, where the density of mounds is higher, have far greater agricultural potential than PR0 soils, which are affected by aluminium toxicity in the backswamps and by high levels of exchangeable sodium in the levees. This study provides new data on the soil properties of the south-eastern Bolivian Amazon and reinforces the hypothesis that environmental constraints and opportunities exerted an important role on pre-Columbian occupation patterns and the population density reached in the Bolivian Amazon.
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