DOCSLIB.ORG

Rodent Pollination in Protea Nana ⁎ A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rodent Pollination in Protea Nana ⁎ A Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 75 (2009) 720–725 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Rodent pollination in Protea nana ⁎ A. Biccard , J.J. Midgley Department Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa Received 19 March 2009; received in revised form 3 August 2009; accepted 4 August 2009 Abstract Floral morphology, late winter flowering time and a distinct yeasty odour in Protea nana suggest that it is adapted for rodent pollination. To test this hypothesis, rodents were trapped in a stand of P. nana, examined for presence of pollen (on their noses and in their scats) and then observed in the laboratory for pollination behaviour. Inflorescences were placed in wire and shade-cloth exclosures and seed-set compared to controls in the field. Otomys irroratus, Aethomys namaquensis, Rhabdomys pumilio and Myomyscus (Praomys) verreauxi were captured and all tested positive for the presence of protea pollen. All, except O. irroratus, displayed legitimate pollination of P. nana. Myomyscus verreauxi was regarded as the most competent pollinator as it displayed superior climbing ability in comparison to the other rodent species. R. pumilio sometimes displayed highly destructive behaviour of P. nana inflorescences and is the likely explanation for the observed 20% reduction in average number of inflorescences per plant over a two month period. Seeds per inflorescence were lowest in shade-cloth covered inflorescences (total pollinator exclusion), but not significantly lower in wire exclosures which provided access for insects. A high percentage of sugar (29.4% by weight) in the nectar of P. nana is similar to known rodent pollinated species. We conclude that P. nana is at least partially rodent pollinated. © 2009 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Aethomys namaquensis; Myomyscus verreauxi; Protea nana; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rodent pollination 1. Introduction Protea nana could be rodent pollinated as it has inflexed styles, nectar with a high sugar content (Nicolson and Van Wyk, Small mammals have long been known as pollinators of South 1998), a characteristic yeasty smell and a winter–spring flowering African Proteaceae (Wiens and Rourke, 1978). However, of the season which coincides with that of known rodent pollinated many (N35) species suggested to be small mammal pollinated Proteas (Wiens et al., 1983; Fleming and Nicolson, 2002). Rourke (Rourke, 1980, Rebelo and Breytenbach, 1987), only a few and Wiens (1977) suggested the Cape striped field mouse, species have been investigated. The basic floral features of Proteas Rhabdomys pumilio, is the most plausible mammal pollinator of used to suggest pollination by small mammals include: (1) bowl P. nana. shaped heads borne on short (3–4 mm) stout peduncles, often with P. nana could also be insect pollinated (Rebelo and the outsides of bracts darkly coloured, (2) copious, sugar-rich Breytenbach, 1987). It is an erect, rounded shrub up to a metre nectar production with a high (ca. 36%) total carbohydrate in height, rather than being shorter and more geoflorous as is composition, (3) often inflexed, wiry styles ca. 30–40 mm long, typical of rodent pollinated species. Also, the inflorescences are (4) cryptic, geoflorous, axillary positioning of the heads, (5) a terminal, pendulous and held up to a metre off the ground on distinctive “yeasty odour,” (6) and a stigma–nectar distance of slender branches, rather than being cauliflorous on stout stems, approximately 10 mm to “fit” between the rostrum of a pollinating vertically presented and close to the ground. Our objective was to rodent and the stigma and (7) a winter–spring flowering period determine if small mammals are legitimate pollinators of P. nana. (Wiens et al., 1983, Rebelo and Breytenbach, 1987). 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Study site 2 ⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +27 21 650 2438. This study was carried out within a small (~1 km ), dense E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Biccard). population of P. nana located along Bain's Kloof Pass outside 0254-6299/$ - see front matter © 2009 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2009.08.003 A. Biccard, J.J. Midgley / South African Journal of Botany 75 (2009) 720–725 721 Wellington in the Western Cape (33°37′44.5″S, 19°05′58.3″E, Furthermore, viable and sterile achenes do not differ morpho- 514 m altitude). One of our main sources of evidence was the logically, however, viable endoderm-containing seeds can be presence of typically triangular protea pollen in animal faeces. readily identified by their soft, milky-white texture; whereas Therefore, on Bain's Kloof Pass where P. nana can co-occur seeds interpreted as sterile have a dull-white, dry, fibrous content with Protea amplexicaulis, a well known rodent pollinated (Wiens et al., 1983; see Fig. 1C). Hence ovules with swollen species, we chose a site where we could be sure protea pollen endoderm were used as a proxy for seed-set. Such “viable seeds” was from P. nana inflorescences. To ensure this we chose a site were identified in the laboratory by sequentially cutting where P. amplexicaulis was rare. To demonstrate differences in transverse sections through all developing achenes and observ- density, a tally was made of all individuals of these two species ing them under a dissecting microscope. in 6 plots, each 5 m×5 m that were laid out in the study area. The mean density of P. nana was 28.1 per plot and a mean of only 2.3. Sugar concentration of nectar 0.66 P. amplexicaulis individuals per plot was recorded. Another factor which makes it unlikely that P. amplexicaulis Nectar was randomly sampled shortly after sunrise at the pollen would be found in faeces at our study site is the beginning of November from ten newly opened, unvisited observation that the phenology of these two species is different. P. nana inflorescences using capillary tubes. Each sample was P. amplexicaulis flowers earlier in the year. For example, a optically analysed for sugar content using an Eclipse handheld survey of flowering state in late July indicated that only 1 out refractometer (Bellingham & Stanley Ltd.) which had been of 30 P. nana individuals had open flowers whereas all 30 calibrated with distilled water at 20 °C. Readings were corrected P. amplexicaulis individuals had open flowers. Finally, P. nana according to the International Temperature Correction Table for produces more than 10 times the mean number of inflorescences Brix (% Sugar) scale. per individual than does P. amplexicaulis (40 versus 3.5), although the inflorescences are smaller in the former (Fig. 1D). 2.4. Mammal trapping 2.2. Exclosure experiments Mammal nomenclature follows Skinner and Chimimba (2005). Trapping was conducted on 15, 16, 22 and 23 August A pollinator exclusion experiment was setup at this site in 2007 (using Sherman traps). Traps were baited with a mixture mid-August during the start of the 2008 flowering season. In an of peanut butter and rolled oats and spaced at approximately attempt to exclude small mammals, but also to allow insects 10 m intervals within the P. nana stand. Traps were set in the access, 20 wire cages constructed out of 13 mm “chicken mesh” early evening before sunset and then inspected the following and were placed around P. nana inflorescence buds on different morning. A few traps were left open during the day for the bushes. In order to avoid weighing the plants down, or damaging capture of diurnal species. Captured rodents were identified, inflorescences, the wire cages were secured with a cable-tie to a sexed, weighed, and ventrally marked using black hair dye. dowel stick (Fig. 1A). An additional 20 wire cages were covered Breeding status for each individual was recorded. in shade-cloth and placed around P. nana inflorescences in a Each trapped animal was tested for the presence of pollen similar fashion. These served to exclude all potential pollinators grains on their nose to assess which species had visited P. nana. (including insects) and tested for self-pollination — the shade- Pollen was collected from the rostra of captured rodents by cloth was secured such that it could not be removed by rodents rubbing a cube of gelatin (impregnated with basic Fuchsin dye — and the mesh size excluded all potential insect pollinators Beattie, 1971) mounted on a dissecting needle against the fur from (Fig. 1B). Throughout the experiment, inflorescences were the eye-level down to the nose and around the mouth. The size of randomly selected at various heights and distances from the the gelatin cubes and the effort applied when collecting pollen centre of each bush. Care was taken when selecting undamaged from the rostra of rodents was not standardised. Gelatin cubes inflorescence buds for this experiment. Only immature (closed) were immediately placed into plastic vials in order to avoid inflorescences were selected and occasionally, multiple inflor- contamination. In the laboratory the cubes were melted inside the escences on the same branch were placed in a single exclosure. plastic vials by placing them in a bath of boiling water. Two drops To quantify predation of flowers, ten P. nana bushes were of the molten Fuchsin Gelatin solution were taken from each randomly chosen. Each bush was then marked and the total sample and mounted on separate microscope slides. Pollen grains number of fresh inflorescences recorded. were counted for the full field of view at 40×magnification After three months and five days, all inflorescences within the (0.45 mm diameter) over three different scans of the entire exclosures were removed from the bushes for counting of coverslip length (22 mm). This count yielded an approximate 3% numbers of seeds per inflorescence (averages were calculated for sample of the area of the coverslip.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review of the Hylomyscus Denniae Group (Rodentia: Muridae) in Eastern Africa, with Comments on the Generic Allocation of Epimys Endorobae Heller
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 119(2):293–325. 2006. Review of the Hylomyscus denniae group (Rodentia: Muridae) in eastern Africa, with comments on the generic allocation of Epimys endorobae Heller Michael D. Carleton, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, and William T. Stanley (MDC) Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560-0108, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected]; (JKP) University College, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.; Department of Zoology, Division of Mammals, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected]; (WTS) Department of Zoology, Division of Mammals, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—The status and distribution of eastern African populations currently assigned to Hylomyscus denniae are reviewed based on morpho- logical and morphometric comparisons. Three species are considered valid, each confined largely to wet montane forest above 2000 meters: H. denniae (Thomas, 1906) proper from the Ruwenzori Mountains in the northern Albertine Rift (west-central Uganda and contiguous D. R. Congo); H. vulcanorum Lo¨nnberg & Gyldenstolpe, 1925 from mountains in the central Albertine Rift (southwestern Uganda, easternmost D. R. Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi); and H. endorobae (Heller, 1910) from mountains bounding the Gregory Rift Valley (west-central Kenya). Although endorobae has been interpreted as a small form of Praomys, additional data are presented that reinforce its membership within Hylomyscus and that clarify the status of Hylomyscus and Praomys as distinct genus-group taxa. The 12 species of Hylomyscus now currently recognized are provisionally arranged in six species groups (H.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaternary Murid Rodents of Timor Part I: New Material of Coryphomys Buehleri Schaub, 1937, and Description of a Second Species of the Genus
    QUATERNARY MURID RODENTS OF TIMOR PART I: NEW MATERIAL OF CORYPHOMYS BUEHLERI SCHAUB, 1937, AND DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF THE GENUS K. P. APLIN Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Division of Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) K. M. HELGEN Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 341, 80 pp., 21 figures, 4 tables Issued July 21, 2010 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2010 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................... 3 Introduction . ...................................................... 3 The environmental context ........................................... 5 Materialsandmethods.............................................. 7 Systematics....................................................... 11 Coryphomys Schaub, 1937 ........................................... 11 Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 . ................................... 12 Extended description of Coryphomys buehleri............................ 12 Coryphomys musseri, sp.nov.......................................... 25 Description.................................................... 26 Coryphomys, sp.indet.............................................. 34 Discussion . ....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nansei Islands Biological Diversity Evaluation Project Report 1 Chapter 1
    Introduction WWF Japan’s involvement with the Nansei Islands can be traced back to a request in 1982 by Prince Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh. The “World Conservation Strategy”, which was drafted at the time through a collaborative effort by the WWF’s network, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), posed the notion that the problems affecting environments were problems that had global implications. Furthermore, the findings presented offered information on precious environments extant throughout the globe and where they were distributed, thereby providing an impetus for people to think about issues relevant to humankind’s harmonious existence with the rest of nature. One of the precious natural environments for Japan given in the “World Conservation Strategy” was the Nansei Islands. The Duke of Edinburgh, who was the President of the WWF at the time (now President Emeritus), naturally sought to promote acts of conservation by those who could see them through most effectively, i.e. pertinent conservation parties in the area, a mandate which naturally fell on the shoulders of WWF Japan with regard to nature conservation activities concerning the Nansei Islands. This marked the beginning of the Nansei Islands initiative of WWF Japan, and ever since, WWF Japan has not only consistently performed globally-relevant environmental studies of particular areas within the Nansei Islands during the 1980’s and 1990’s, but has put pressure on the national and local governments to use the findings of those studies in public policy. Unfortunately, like many other places throughout the world, the deterioration of the natural environments in the Nansei Islands has yet to stop.
    [Show full text]
  • Studying Hunting Behaviour in the Striped Field Mouse Using Data Compression
    acta ethol DOI 10.1007/s10211-017-0260-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Studying hunting behaviour in the striped field mouse using data compression Zhanna Reznikova1,2 & Jan Levenets1 & Sofia Panteleeva1,2 & Boris Ryabko2,3 Received: 5 August 2016 /Revised: 4 April 2017 /Accepted: 6 April 2017 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and ISPA 2017 Abstract We compare predatory behaviour towards a mobile Keywords Ethograms . Rodents . Shrews . Pattern . Insects . insect in three species of small mammals: the granivorous Prey striped field mouse, the insectivorous common shrew and the Norway rat (a generalist). The striped field mouse displays a surprisingly efficient hunting stereotype. We apply the data Introduction compression method (Ryabko et al. Theory Comput Syst 52:133–147, 2013) to compare the complexity of hunting be- Small rodents play a central role in many ecosystems; howev- havioural patterns and to evaluate the flexibility of stereotypes er, their foraging ecology and behavioural adaptations for and their succinctness. Norway rats demonstrated the highest choosing optimal diets in changeable environment have been level of complexity of hunting behaviour, with the highest insufficiently investigated. It is of particular interest to study proportion of ‘auxiliary’ and ‘noise’ elements and relatively hunting behaviour in those species that possess a diverse diet low proportion of ‘key’ elements in their behaviours. The and can switch to live prey in order to broaden their feeding predominance of ‘key’ elements resulted in similarly low niche. Recently, we revealed advanced hunting behaviour in levels of complexity of hunting stereotypes in striped field the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius. In our laboratory mice and shrews.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Rodents and Insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia
    ZooKeys 1004: 129–139 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1004.57359 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of rodents and insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia Alexey V. Andreychev1, Vyacheslav A. Kuznetsov1 1 Department of Zoology, National Research Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaya Street, 68. 430005, Saransk, Russia Corresponding author: Alexey V. Andreychev ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. López-Antoñanzas | Received 7 August 2020 | Accepted 18 November 2020 | Published 16 December 2020 http://zoobank.org/C127F895-B27D-482E-AD2E-D8E4BDB9F332 Citation: Andreychev AV, Kuznetsov VA (2020) Checklist of rodents and insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia. ZooKeys 1004: 129–139. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1004.57359 Abstract A list of 40 species is presented of the rodents and insectivores collected during a 15-year period from the Republic of Mordovia. The dataset contains more than 24,000 records of rodent and insectivore species from 23 districts, including Saransk. A major part of the data set was obtained during expedition research and at the biological station. The work is based on the materials of our surveys of rodents and insectivo- rous mammals conducted in Mordovia using both trap lines and pitfall arrays using traditional methods. Keywords Insectivores, Mordovia, rodents, spatial distribution Introduction There is a need to review the species composition of rodents and insectivores in all regions of Russia, and the work by Tovpinets et al. (2020) on the Crimean Peninsula serves as an example of such research. Studies of rodent and insectivore diversity and distribution have a long history, but there are no lists for many regions of Russia of Copyright A.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Wallacea Science Report 2019, Târnava Mare, Transylvania
    Operation Wallacea Science Report 2019, Târnava Mare, Transylvania Angofa, near Sighișoara. JJB. This report has been compiled by Dr Joseph J. Bailey (Senior Scientist for Operation Wallacea and Lecturer in Biogeography at York St John University, UK) on behalf of all contributing scientists and the support team. The project is the result of the close collaboration between Operation Wallacea and Fundația ADEPT, with thanks also to York St John University. Published 31st March 2020 (version 1). CONTENTS 1 THE 2019 TEAM ............................................ 1 4.14 Small mammals ................................. 15 2 ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS .......... 2 4.15 Large mammals: Camera trap ..... 15 3 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND ......... 3 4.16 Large mammals: Signs .................... 15 3.1 The landscape....................................... 3 5 RESULTS ........................................................ 17 3.2 Aims and scope .................................... 3 5.1 Highlights ............................................. 17 3.3 Caveats .................................................... 4 5.2 Farmer interviews ............................ 18 3.4 Wider context for 2019 .................... 4 5.3 Grassland plants ................................ 22 3.5 What is Operation Wallacea? ......... 5 5.3.1 Species trends (village) ........ 22 3.6 Research projects and planning ... 5 5.3.2 Biodiversity trends (plots) .. 25 3.6.1 In progress ................................... 6 5.4 Grassland butterflies ....................... 27 3.6.2
    [Show full text]
  • Species List: Mammals
    Appendix 10 - Species list: Mammals Mammal species recorded in the Garden Route National Park. Sources: Crawford (1981 & 1982); De Graaff (1974); Grindley (1985). Hanekom et al. (1987); Hanekom unpubl.; Hanekom & Bower (1992); Herzig-Straschil & Robison (1978); McIlleron (2002); Pretorius et al. (1980); Riley unpubl.; Robinson (1976); SANParks unpublished data; Von Breitenbach (1974); Whitfield et al. (1983); Species numbers follow Skinner & Chimimba (2005). * Alien species not indigenous to South Africa No. Scientific Name Common Name CHRYSOCHLORIDAE 9 Chlorotalpa duthieae Duthie’s golden mole 14 Amblysomus corriae (iris) Fynbos (Zulu) golden mole ORYCTEROPODIDAE 27 Orycterus afer Aardvark PROCARVIIDAE 28 Procavia capensis Rock hyrax ELEPHANTIDAE 31 Loxodonta africana African savannah elephant LEPORIDAE 34 Lepus saxatilis Scrub hare BATHYERGIDAE 40 Bathyergus suillus Cape dune molerat 42 Cryptomys hottentotus African molerat 45 Georychus capensis Cape molerat HYSTRICIDAE 46 Hystrix africaeaustralis Cape porcupine MYOXIDAE 57 Graphiurus ocularis Spectacled dormouse 59 Graphiurus murinus Woodland dormouse MURIDAE 62 Acomys subspinosus Cape spiny mouse 65 Rhabdomys pumilio Four-striped grass mouse 73 Grammomys dolichurus Woodland thicket rat 79 Mus minutoides Pygmy mouse 82 Mastomys natalensis Natal multimammate mouse 85 Myomyscus verreauxii Verreaux’s mouse Rattus rattus* Black rat Rattus norvegicus* Brown rat 98 Otomys irroratus Vlei rat 116 Dendromus mesomelas Brant's climbing mouse 117 Dendromus mystacalis Chestnut climbing mouse CERCOPITHECIDAE
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele
    NABU’s Follow-up BiodiversityAssessmentBiosphereEthiopia Reserve, Follow-up NABU’s Kafa the at NABU’s Follow-up Biodiversity Assessment at the Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele Table of Contents Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve 130 1. Introduction 132 2. Materials and methods 133 2.1 Study area 133 2.2 Sampling methods 133 2.3 Data analysis 133 3. Results and discussion 134 3.1 Soricomorpha 134 3.2 Rodentia 134 3.3 Records of mammal species other than Soricomorpha or Rodentia 140 4. Evaluation of survey results 143 5. Conclusions and recommendations for conservation and monitoring 143 6. Acknowledgements 143 7. References 144 8. Annex 147 8.1 Tables 147 8.2 Photos 152 NABU’s Follow-up Biodiversity Assessment at the Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele 130 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED MAMMALS Highlights ´ Eight species of rodents and one species of Soricomorpha were found. ´ Five of the rodent species (Tachyoryctes sp.3 sensu (Sumbera et al., 2018)), Lophuromys chrysopus and L. brunneus, Mus (Nannomys) mahomet and Desmomys harringtoni) are Ethiopian endemics. ´ The Ethiopian White-footed Mouse (Stenocephalemys albipes) is nearly endemic; it also occurs in Eritrea. ´ Together with the Ethiopian Vlei Rat (Otomys fortior) and the African Marsh Rat (Dasymys griseifrons) that were collected only during the 2014 survey, seven endemic rodent species are known to occur in the Kafa region, which supports 12% of the known endemic species of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Changes in Tawny Owl (Strix Aluco) Diet in an Oak Forest in Eastern Ukraine
    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 130-137 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1509-43 Seasonal changes in Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) diet in an oak forest in Eastern Ukraine 1, 2 Yehor YATSIUK *, Yuliya FILATOVA 1 National Park “Gomilshanski Lisy”, Kharkiv region, Ukraine 2 Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine Received: 22.09.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 25.04.2016 Final Version: 25.01.2017 Abstract: We analyzed seasonal changes in Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) diet in a broadleaved forest in Eastern Ukraine over 6 years (2007– 2012). Annual seasons were divided as follows: December–mid-April, April–June, July–early October, and late October–November. In total, 1648 pellets were analyzed. The most important prey was the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) (41.9%), but the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) (17.8%) dominated in some seasons. According to trapping results, the bank vole was the most abundant rodent species in the study region. The most diverse diet was in late spring and early summer. Small forest mammals constituted the dominant group in all seasons, but in spring and summer their share fell due to the inclusion of birds and the common spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus). Diet was similar in late autumn, before the establishment of snow cover, and in winter. The relative representation of species associated with open spaces increased in winter, especially in years with deep snow cover, which may indicate seasonal changes in the hunting habitats of the Tawny Owl.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Terrestrial Mammals Soricomorpha
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ZRC SAZU Publishing (Znanstvenoraziskovalni center -COBISS: Slovenske 1.01 akademije znanosti in... SMALL TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS SORICOMORPHA, CHIROPTERA, RODENTIA FROM THE EARLY HOLOCENE LAYERS OF MALA TRIGLAVCA SW SLOVENIA MALI TERESTIČNI SESALCI SORICOMORPHA, CHIROPTERA, RODENTIA IZ ZGODNJEHOLOCENSKIH PLASTI MALE TRIGLAVCE JZ SLOVENIJA Borut TOŠKAN 1 Abstract UDC 903.4(497.4)”627”:569.3 Izvleček UDK 903.4(497.4)”627”:569.3 Borut Toškan: Small terrestrial mammals (Soricomorpha, Borut Toškan: Mali terestični sesalci (Soricomorpha, Chirop- Chiroptera, Rodentia) from the Early Holocene layers of Mala tera, Rodentia) iz zgodnjeholocenskih plasti Male Triglavce Triglavca (SW Slovenia) (JZ Slovenija) At least 132 specimens belonging to no less than 21 species V zgodnjeholocenskih sedimentih iz Boreala jame Mala Tri- of small terrestrial mammals from the Boreal were identi- glavca pri Divači so bili najdeni ostanki najmanj 132 prim- $ed within the $nds from the Early Holocene sediments from erkov malih sesalcev, ki pripadajo vsaj 21 vrstam: Crocidura Mala Triglavca (the Kras Plateau, SW Slovenia), namely Croc- suaveolens, Sorex alpinus / araneus, S. minutus, Talpa cf. euro- idura suaveolens, Sorex alpinus / araneus, S. minutus, Talpa cf. paea, Barbastella barbastellus, Sciurus vulgaris, Cricetulus mi- europaea, Barbastella barbastellus, Sciurus vulgaris, Cricetulus gratorius, Arvicola terrestris, Microtus agrestis / arvalis, M. sub- migratorius, Arvicola terrestris, Microtus agrestis / arvalis, M. terraneus / liectensteini, Chionomys nivalis, Myodes glareolus, subterraneus / liectensteini, Chionomys nivalis, Myodes glareo- Dinaromys bogdanovi, Glis glis, Muscardinus avellanarius and lus, Dinaromys bogdanovi, Glis glis, Muscardinus avellanarius Apodemus avicollis / sylvaticus / agrarius / uralensis. Tedan- and Apodemus avicollis / sylvaticus / agrarius / uralensis.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 15 the Mammals of Angola
    Chapter 15 The Mammals of Angola Pedro Beja, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Luís Veríssimo, Elena Bersacola, Ezequiel Fabiano, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Ara Monadjem, Pedro Monterroso, Magdalena S. Svensson, and Peter John Taylor Abstract Scientific investigations on the mammals of Angola started over 150 years ago, but information remains scarce and scattered, with only one recent published account. Here we provide a synthesis of the mammals of Angola based on a thorough survey of primary and grey literature, as well as recent unpublished records. We present a short history of mammal research, and provide brief information on each species known to occur in the country. Particular attention is given to endemic and near endemic species. We also provide a zoogeographic outline and information on the conservation of Angolan mammals. We found confirmed records for 291 native species, most of which from the orders Rodentia (85), Chiroptera (73), Carnivora (39), and Cetartiodactyla (33). There is a large number of endemic and near endemic species, most of which are rodents or bats. The large diversity of species is favoured by the wide P. Beja (*) CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CEABN-InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] P. Vaz Pinto Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] L. Veríssimo Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola e-mail: [email protected] E.
    [Show full text]
  • Mastomys Natalensis
    News from the other side (of Africa) Evolution of rodent hosts and their parasites in Eastern Africa Josef Bryja and many others Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic How it started ... (Czech „rodentologue“ activities in Africa) 2004 2004 Dakar Niokolo Koba National Park – biodiversity survey Sudanian savanna Guinean forest „Black rat survey“ 2006 Dakar „first phylogeography papers“ 2008 65 Niger river Senegal river 70 18 Clade D 66 62 58 Clade C1 37 12 28 64 SENEGAL 7 25 22 13 63 9 52 17 32 15 NIGER 51 41 20 48 10 59 60 MALI 27 23 40 46 34 38 19 50 47 835 44 43 29 30 26 31 21 54 81 39 45 33 14 57 BURKINA 149 16 82 42 11 24 36 69 56 FASO 55 83 6 GUINEA 61 NIGERIA 91 2 5 68 86 3 67 53 76 Clade B 71 GHANA 87 4 72 75 IVORY 77 88 73 COAST Volta river 84 85 78 79 Clade A 80 CAMEROON 89 74 90 BENIN TOGO Jump to the „other side“ ... 2010 2015 September 2015 – 8336 rodents and shrews ... ... comparative phylogeography, evolution of viruses, taxonomic implications, etc. ... again influenced by „Montpellier“ people Evolution of rodents and their parasites in open habitats of East Africa Czech Science Foundation 2015‐2017 Project no. 15‐20229S Mastomys natalensis sharp contact zone of two genetic lineages, no obvious geographical barrier Acomys spinossisimus group Heliophobius mole‐rats Aethomys chrysophilus Aethomys kaiseri Mus minutoides Lemniscomys zebra/rosalia Same geographic pattern, different divergence times 2.5‐3 Mya 0.5‐1 Mya (1) How long‐term evolution of forest‐savanna mosaic has shaped diversity of small mammals? • detailed sampling in main biogeographical zones in Tanzania (+ other available data) – spatial distribution of genetic lineages • ecological niche modelling – identification of environmental variables • comparative (community) phylogeography – dating of divergence, hypothesis testing, etc.
    [Show full text]