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Spindlar Och Lockespindlar I Jordgubbsodlingar I Siidra Sverige SVEN Almquisl｀

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Spindlar Och Lockespindlar I Jordgubbsodlingar I Siidra Sverige SVEN Almquisl｀ Spindlar och lockespindlar i jordgubbsodlingar i siidra Sverige SVEN ALMQUISl｀ Almquist, S.: Spindlar och lockespindlar ijordgubbsodlingar i sridra Sverige [Spiders and harvestmen in strawberry fields in southern Sweden.l - Ent. Tidskr. 102: 159-162. Lund, Sweden 1981. ISSN 0013-886x. The spider and harvestman fauna of both insecticide sprayed and unsprayed strawberry fields in southern Sweden was determined. Samples, only from the plants, were taken with a sweep net at eight occasions during l0 June to 30 Aug. 1980. Eleven spider families with 42 species and 4 harvestman species were represented. Enoplognatha ovata was the most dominant spider - 56.5 % of the individuals. T'1 % of the individuals belonged to the web builders. The edges of the fields had a great number of animals compared with the central parts. There was a significant drop in spider and harvestman numbers after the spraying with an organophosphate insecticide, fenitrothion. Particularly the immatures showed to be susceptible to the chemical treatment. S. Almquist, Sorlabiicksgotan 45. S-216 2() Malmii, Swetlen. Spindlar utgё r en vasentlig del av led● urSfaunan namndens vlxtskyddslaboratoriunl, Kalinar,av i uppodlade omriden, Da de liksom lockespind― Carl― Axel Gertsson,som jag ar stort tack skyl― lar ar predatorer,kan de ha ett visstinflytande pa dig. skadettursbestindet i odlingarna Det rlnns dar_ 助uren ttngades med siaghiv stalld mOt vatte for publiccrat mcr an hundra unders6kningar av planta,som fё rsiktigt bttdcS in i den och kraft― spindclpopulationerna i olika grё dor runt onl i fullt skakades(Gertsson 1980).Nagra insam_ varlden. I Finland av Raatikainen & Huhta lingar under ener omkring plantorna fё rekom (1968). Huhta `ι Raatikaincn (1971), i P01en inte.De utvalda jordgubbtthiten var dels obe― frambr allt av Kttak(1971,1978),Kttak et al. sprutade dels bcsprutade med insekticiden feni― (1971)och Luczak (1975, 1979), i OSterrike av trotion, en organisk fosfo“ ёrening. Denna be― Thaler et al(1977), i SchWeiz av Nyffeler& sprutning agde rum f6re insanllingarna och fё re BenZ(1979, 1980), i USA bl.a. av Whitcomb blomningen i minadsskiftet m珂 ‐iuni 1775 inven‐ ct al.(1963), WhitCOmb (1980), i Canada av terade plantor var fran odlingarnas random― Dondale et al.(1979)och Putman(1967). Nagon raden,660 frin mitten av ett stortJordgubbseilt tidigare svensk undersё kning flnns inte. Jord― gubbsodlingars spindlar har varit fё remal fё r en Resultat studie och da i Norge av l｀ aksdal(1973). De 661 antraffade spindlarna hёr tin ll famijcr och 42 arter samt dc 52 1ockcspindlarna til1 4 ⅣIaterial och metoder artcr(1｀ ab. 1) 26 arter var natbyggare och ut― Den huvudsakliga insamlingen giordeS i Urs― giorde 77%av indi宙 dantalct Med sina 23% hultsomradet i sё dra Smaland under itta tillfhl‐ kom de kringstrё vandc spindel(ガ uren att repre― lcn ijuni― aug 1980.Dcssutom ut15rdes enstaka sentcra cn ovantad hё g andel med tanke pl in‐ insamlingar i l｀ ingsryd och Brё msebro samt i samlingssattet. Over 60%av alla individer var Eriksё re och Karle宙 pi Oland samma sommar. juvenila. Dc undcrsё kta jordgubbsodlingarna var fyra― E720p′οg″ αr力 α ο、,α rα var hclt donlinerande iriga och bcstod mestadeis av sorterna Senga med 56 5% av antalct insanllade individer De Sengana och Zcphyr. Insanllingarna ar ana ut_ narmast bjande:ハ イた″ο′η′ηαrα ν′″′sc′ ′,S,Parο ― fё rda i samband mcd arbcte vid Lantbruks― ノ′gο ′)p力 ″s ag′ ′srfs Och 7/1′ ″′〃′ο″ ′′77ρ ″′SS″ ′71 Tab l Antalet spindlar och lockespindlar fran obesprutade och besprutade fralt. Numbers of specirncns ofthe different species of spidcrs and harvcstmentin not sprayed and sprayed strawberry flelds Obesprutade Besprutade Summa plantor plantor Plants, not Sprayed Total sprayed plants Spindlar (Araneida) Dictynidae Dictyna pusilla Th. Clubionidae Clubiona comta C. L. K. C. trivialis C. L. K. C. sp.juv. Sparassidae M ic ro m mat a virescens (Sl.) Thomisidae Misumena vatia (Cl.) Xy st ic us c ris t a t u s (Cl.) X. ulmi (Hahn) P hilodro mus c e s pit u m (Walck.) Ph. e marginat us (Schrank) 7'i be llus o b lo n g u s (Walck.) Salticidae H eliophanus c upre us (Walck.) H. flavipes C. L. K. Lycosidae Pardosa I u g u b ris (Walck.) P. prativaga (L. Koch) 7'rochosa ruricola (De Geer) Pisauridae Pi s a ura mira bi I i s (Cl.) Theridiidae Steatoda bipu nc tat a (L.) 7'heridion impressum L. Koch 10 7'. simile C. L. K. 1 7'. bimaculaturn (L.) 3 f. sp. juv. 1 Tetragnathidae T e t rag nat ha e xt e ns d (L.) 5 Pac hy gnat ha de ge e ri Sund. 3 Araneidae A ra niel I a c u c ur b it i na (Cl.) 12 Atea sturnti (Hahn) M angora ac aly pha lWalck.) 4 Nuctenea cornuta (Cl.) 6 Linyphiidae, Erigoninae Araeoncus hu milis (Bl.) 2 Erigone atra (Bl.) E. dentipalpis (Wid.) 2 Eri gonidi u m g ra m i nit' olct (Sund.) 2 G o n gyl itl i u m rafpes (Sund.) 6 Tlso vaSans (Bl.) 1 ll a lc ke nae ra antica ( Wid. ) 1 Erigoninae sp. juv. 1 Linyphiidae, Linyphiinae Boly phantes alt ice ps (Sund.) 7 B. luteolus (Bl.) 11 B. sp. juv. 2 H e I ophora insignis (Bl.) 1 Lepthypha nte s renais ( Bl.) l. sp. juv. 9 Li ny p hia t ria n g u I aris (Cl.) M i<' roli ny p hio pasil/a (Sund.) 6 N erie ne <'lathrata (Sund.) 1 Porr ho rn nt a c o nr e x u nt (Westr.) 1 Spindlar och lot'kespindlar i.jordgubbsodlingar i Sddra Sverige l6l Obesprutade Besprutade Summa plantor plantor Plants. not Sprayed l-otal sprayed plants Lockespindlar (Opilionida) Mitopus morio (Fabr.) 11 Paroligolophus a gre s t is (Meade) 23 Phalangium opilio (L.) 7 Rilae na t riang u laris (Herbst) 11 Summa (Total) 713 1・ ab 2 Antal spindlar och iockespindlar per 10 plantOr i obesprutade och bespnltade filts randomraden och centrala delar Medeivardc tt standardavvikclse Mean and SD of spider and harvestman numbcrs(N)pcr 10 plants in unsprayed and sprayed ields at thc edges and in the central parts obesprutade besprutade unsprayed sprayed N/ l0 plantor Antal plantor N/10 plantor Antal plantor N/10 plants No. of plants N/10 plants No. of plants Randomraden 48± 22 2.6± 18 Edges of the rlelds Faltens centrala delar 0.4± 02 360 06±05 Central parts of the flelds hё l sig kring 3% Spindeisamhanet sthmmer val population fran midsOmmar kan till en deltinkas ёverens mcd det i den norska undersё kningen bcro pi stё rningar i samband med jordgubbs― (1｀ akSdal 1973). OckSa dar 6vervagdc E″ Эp′ οg― skё rdcn ″αr/1α οl,α ′α(54%). SpindcldiurSththeten i jordgubbs,iltens ran― Litteratur dOmriden skllde sig mycket markant frin den i Dondale,C D.,Parent,B &Pitre,D 1979A6-year dc ccntrala delarna (P<0001)(1｀ ab. 2). Detta study of spiders (Araneac) in a QucbeC apple gallcr fё r bide obesprutade och besprutade ttilt. orchard ―Can Ent. 111:377-380 Den stora ansamlingcn ttur iね ltens yttre delar Gertsson,C― A・ ,1980.Fёrekomsten av stinkflyn i syd― ― beror sannolikt pl att dessa t‖ I stё rsta delen svenska jordgubbsodlingar Ent Tidskr 101: 71-74 immigrerar fran omgiVande biotoper(Huhta& Huhta,V &Raatikainen,M 1974 Spider communi― Raatikaincn 1974). tics of lcys and winter cereal flelds in Finland _ Bide spindlar och lockespindlar dccilncrades Ann Zool Fenn ll:97-104 vasentligt nar dc utsattes f6r insekticiden feni― Kttak,A1971 Productivity investigation oftwo types of meadows in the Vistula Valley IX ―Ekol.pol trotion (1｀ ab 2) Skillnadcn mellan tturens 19: 197-211 medelvarden frin dc insekticidbehandlade och Kttak,A 1978 The cffcct of fertilizers on numbers de obchandladc falten var signifikanta and biomass of spiders in a meadow ―Symp zool (P<0001). BeSprutningarna gav en omedelbar Soc Lond No 42,pp 125-129 Kttak,A.Breymeyer,A&Petal,J 1971 ProducJvi― effekt(Tab. 3)Den stora minskningen i spin― ty investigation of t、 vo types of meadows in the del(lurspopulationen pi de besprutade ttiltcn Vistula Vaney XI Predatory arthropods ― Ekol kom f6rst efter ca l minad.Det visade sig att pol 19:223-233 ungdomsstadierna var kansligast(Kttak 1971). Luczak, J 1975 Spider communities of the crop―■elds.― Pol ecol Stud l(3):93-110 Det hr troligt att aven reproduktionen piverkas Luczak,J 1979 Spiders in agrocoenoses ―Pol ecol ncgativt TinbakagingCn i de obesprutadc faltens Stud 5(1): 151-200 162 Sν′71И ′9″ ′sr “ Tab 3 Spindlars och iockespindlars medeltal ± standardavvikclse per 10 plantor och proccnten juvcnila vid 6 insanllingstilifanen Proven fran de centrala dclarna och randomradena av falten har lagts ihop. Number ofindividuals pcr 10 plants,means and SD and the percentage immatures at 6 sampling occasions.The samples from the central parts and the cdges ofthe rlelds have been lumped. 10.6 226 276 87 217 48 Obesprutade plantor Unsprayed plants N/10 plantor 45± 3.4 49± 4.2 32± 21 24± 22 3.7± 31 37± 26 N/10 plants jrenila Vo 892 54.0 456 50.6 55.9 833 7a immatures Besprutade plantor Sprayed plants plantor N/10 32± 19 29± 14 34± 19 1.4± 11 0.7± 0.5 10± 0.9 N/10 plants juvenila Vo 838 579 600 27.3 243 38.9 7c immatures Nyffeler, M. & Benz, C. 1979. Zur okologischen Be- Vergleichende Fallenldnge von Spinnen und Kifern deutung der Spinnen der Vegetationsschicht von Ge- auf Acker- und Griinlandparzellen bei Innsbruck, treide- und Rapsfeldern bei Ziirich (Schweiz).
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