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Anti-Americanism in Europe: a Cultural Problem: Index

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Anti-Americanism in Europe: a Cultural Problem: Index Hoover Press : Berman/Europe DP0 HBERAEINDX rev1 page 151 Index Addison, Joseph, 68 64; American policy and, 36–37; Adorno, Theodor, 136–37, xvi American political influence and, American capitalism and, 142–43; 118–19; American presence and, 38; American culture of freedom and, anti-Europeanism vs., 59–60; anti- 143; Anglo-American individualism immigration and, 78; anticapitalism vs. European culture and, 141–42; and, 119; as antiglobalization, 125; antiglobalization movement and, antiglobalization and, 115, 120, 136; 144; autonomous individuality and, antisemitism and, 136; causation 138; collectivization of society and, problem and, 41; character, mentality 139–40; critique of anti-Americanism of, 35; Communism and, 4, 5, 29, by, 145; critique of totalitarianism 65; Communist, 42–43, 46–48; by, 140–41; evaluation of U.S. by, comparison to fascism of, 52; 141; German cultural superiority vs. confrontation of totalitarian regimes Anglo-American commercialism and, and, 90; as cultural mentality, 39–40; 142–43; globalization and, 140–41; culture and, xiv–xv; definition of, individualism and, 139, 141; social 33–34; democracy, capitalism, and, psychology of persecutors and, 138; 53–54; democratization of politics/ support for fascism and, 137–38 liberalization of markets and, 41; Aflaq, Michael, 94; Arab “mass” and, 96 denial and, 62; domestic politics, al-Khalil, Samir. See Makiya, Kanan foreign policy, and, 50; emergence al-Sager, Mohamad Jasem, 113 of, xii, 31–32; endogenous nature of, Americans, foreign perception of U.S. 77; European culture of, xiv; and, 2; hostility toward, xiii European elitism and, 63; European America’s Image Abroad,11 identity and, 75–77, 80; European anti-American movement, images of, 60; European unification denouncement of U.S. vs. Saddam and, 9–10; evidence of, 36; and, 83; Iraq wars and, 84–85; explanations for, 74–75; fantasy, support of authoritarianism in, 65–66 irrationality of, 35–36; focus on anti-Americanism, American action and, Israel, Palestine, and, 119; in France, Hoover Press : Berman/Europe DP0 HBERAEINDX rev1.1 page 152 152 INDEX anti-Americanism (continued ) political culture of, 119; political 51; in Germany, formulation of intervention and, 116; political shifts attitudes toward, 24–25; and, 118; as post-Communist globalization and, xvi–xvii; growth anticapitalism, 117; repressive, of, xi–xii; identity and, 58, 75–76, xenophobic predisposition of, 124; 80; ideology of, 63; imaginary repressive potential of, 145; roots of, conflict and, 57; Iraq war and, xv; 116–17; sentiment for, 116; state vs. multilateralism vs. unilateralism and, market and, 118. See also 79–80; opposition to war and, 64; globalization origins of, 5, 33–34; policy decisions appeasement, European attitude toward, and, 1; political instinct of, 55; 78; Nazi Germany and, 89; political platforms and, 80–81; totalitarian regimes and, 89, 91 political style and, 4–5; post- Arab parliamentarians, 113 Afghanistan war, xiii; postdemocratic, Arabs, Saddam and, 113 29–30, 43–44, 48–49; Arendt, Hannah, 79, 97 predemocratic, 42, 44–46; prejudice Arturo Ui,68 and, 34–35; reality and, 55; authoritarianism, support for, 65–66 reluctance to side with U.S. and, xv– xvi; in 1950s and 1960s, 3–4; Sept. 11 conspiracy theory and, 32; Ba’ath Party, 93, 94; constitution of, settings for, 36; source of, 52; status 96; ideological connections of Nazis quo and, 77; stereotyping and, 62; to, 94–95; submission of individual subjective hostility and, 61, 127; to mass society and, 96; variants of, xv, 42–44; violence and, totalitarianism and, 100 110–14, 114 Baudrillard, xvi, Jean, 51, 120, 145; anti-Westernism, of Roy, Arundhati, anti-Americanism of, 134; fear of 130 promiscuity and, 124, 127; antiglobalization, absolute local identity homogenization of antiglobalization and, 132–33; Adorno, understanding and, 120–21; modernization, of, 144; anti-Americanism and, 115, globalization, and, 123, 134; 120, 145; anticapitalism and, 116– objectivity of, 124; paranoid vision 17; “authoritarian personality” and, of, 124; Roy, Arundhati vs., 124; 144; collectivism and, 145; terrorism and, 121 collectivized identity structures and, Benjamin, Walter, collectivized 143–44; Communist anticapitalism communalism and, 131 and, 136; contamination and, 127; Booker Prize, 125 desire for self-destruction and, 123; Bildzeitung, Die,12 economic claims for, 116; globalized Brecht, Bertolt, 66–73, 77, 142; modernity and, 123; historical acceptance of democratic capitalist fascism and, 144; homogenization of, culture by, 71–72; England and, 68– 120; hostility to immigration and, 69; English literature and, 73; 132; multiplicity of, 122; German vs. English literature and, philosophical agenda of, 120; 69–70; shifting loyalties of, 74; Hoover Press : Berman/Europe DP0 HBERAEINDX rev1 page 153 INDEX 153 support of Western democracies by, and, 142; deregulation and, 136; 66–68 economics, globalization, and, 135– Broder, Henryk, 44 36; fascism and, 134; homogenizing Bush, George H.W., 92, 97, 111; collectivism and, 140; limitations of, metaphor of Saddam as Hitler and, 134–35; Nazism and, 136; origin of, 91 134; psychology of antiglobalization Bush, George W., 1, 8, 85, 114; and, 137; regulation and, 136 comparison of Hitler to, 47–48 culture, perception and, 28 “Campaign” (Addison), 70 Dau¨bler-Gmelin, Herta, 47, 59 capitalism, anti-Americanism and, 52; defense spending, public opinion on, Brecht acceptance of, 71–72; 19–21 Communist anti-Americanism and, democracy(ies), 118; Brecht support of, 46–47; democracy and, 53–54; 66–68; capitalism and, 53–54; globalization and, 117; Judaism and, European Union and, 10; U.S. as 119; paranoid vision of, 124; U.S. as representation of, 41 representation of, 41 democratic capitalism, anti-Americanism Castoriadis, Cornelius, 81 and, 52 Catchwords. See Stichworte (Adorno) deregulation, Critical Theory and, 136 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 142 Derrida, Jacques, 59 Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, dictator, power of, 105 18 collectivism, American individualism vs., economics, politics as, 135 144 “Education after Auschwitz” (Adorno), collectivization, problem of, 139–40 137 commercialism, German cultural enemy, creation of identity and, 57–58 superiority vs., 142–43 England, Brecht, Bertolt, and, 68–69 Communism, 65; antiglobalization and, Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 108–9; 117; critique of capitalism and, 117; destruction and, 109; response to rise of U.S. as economic superpower violence and, 112 vs., 118–19 Europe, anti-American experience in, Communist anti-Americanism, 42–43; 36, 58; anti-Europeanism vs. anti- capitalism and, 46–47 Americanism in, 59–60; appeasement Communist Party, 7 and, 78; culture of authoritarianism conflict, enemy as scapegoat and, 57; in, 142; differences from U.S. and, imaginary, 56–57; political theory of, xii; emergence of anti-American 56; as a “state of nature,” 56; subculture in, 32; identity and, 77– subjective hostility and, 58 78; national identity in, 80; “Cost of Living, The” (Roy), 125 regulatory statism of, 143; unification Critical Theory, blind activism and, of, 9–11, 78–79 140; cultural consequences of European Union, anti-Americanism and, globalization and, 136; de- 29–30; cooperation vs. competition essentializing of national identity with U.S. and, 22–23; democracy Hoover Press : Berman/Europe DP0 HBERAEINDX rev1.1 page 154 154 INDEX European Union (continued ) unification and, 9–11; experiences deficit in, 10; development of, 9–10; with U.S. in, 60; formulation of anti- Germany and, 9–11, 21–22; American sentiments in, 24–25; leadership in, 21–22; postdemocratic hesitation toward world affairs in, 23; anti-Americanism and, 48 historical experience of, 8; Europeans, attitude toward Americans identification with U.S. and, 15; by, xi “interiority” hypothesis and, 23, 24; legacy of American relations with, 6– fascism, comparison of anti- 7; local form of anti-Americanism in, Americanism to, 47–48; Critical 76; national history, attitude toward Theory and, 134; parallels of U.S. in, 23; opinions of U.S. in, xi; contemporary antiglobalization to, perception of U.S. in, 2, 6–9, 17, 25, 144 28; political conflict with U.S. and, fear, in totalitarian society, 107–8 19; political leadership and, 22; Foreign Affairs Committee, Kuwaiti postdemocratic anti-Americanism People’s Council, 113 and, 48–49, 49, 51; print media in, France, anti-Americanism in, 51; 11, 16–17, 23, 29; pro-American experiences with U.S. in, 60–61; predisposition in, 15; pro vs. anti- local form of anti-Americanism in, American perspectives in, 40; 76; opinions of U.S. in, xi proponents of cooperation vs. Frankfurt School, 134; culture, politics, competition in, 23; public opinion on and, 136, 137 defense spending in, 19–20; public Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,62 opinion polls in, 17–18; reluctant Futuwaa, 94 support for U.S. in, 16; role in European unification of, 10; Sept. 11 “German interiority,” 23–24 attacks and, 12–13, 13–14; German Marshal Fund, 18 similarities to U.S. public opinion in, Germans, evaluation of European Union 18; social psychology of persecutors by, 21–22 in, 138; totalitarian leadership in, 95; Germany, Adorno and, 141; American totalitarianism and, 86–87; value presence and, 38–39; American systems and, 26–28. See also Nazi values structure vs., 28; Anglo- Germany American commercialism vs. cultural superiority of, 142–43; globalization, anti-Americanism and, annihilationist leadership in, 109; xvi–xvii; anti-Westernism and, 130; anti-American attitudes in, 29, 37; components, results of, 117;
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