Taxonomy of Indian Braconidae (Braconinae, Euphorinae and Hormiinae)

TAXONOMY OF INDIAN BRACONIDAE (BRACONINAE, EUPHORINAE AND HORMIINAE)

ABSTRACT

THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Soctor of ^diloi^opl^p IN ZOOLOGY

BY ARSHAD ALI HAIDER

SECTION OF ENTOMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2002

ABSTRACT

Among the parasitic Hymenoptera, the species belonging to the family Braconidae are not only known to keep pest population under control in their natural habits but also extensively used in the classical biological control programmes directed against economically important pest species, mainly belonging to the Lepldoptera, Coleoptera,

Hymenoptera, DIptera, Neuroptera, Psocoptera and

Hemiptera (Achterberg, 1993).

The braconid parasitoids are solitary or gregarious ectoparasitoids and endoparasitoids, mostly larval parasitoids, attacking the larval stages of holometabolous insects. However a number of egg parasitoids, few pupal parasitoids and some are known attacking nymphs of paurametabolous insects. Euphorinae are known to attack adults of holometabolous or paurometabolous insects.

Hyperparasitism is rare.

The present study is confined to the taxonomic studies of the subfamilies (i) Braconinae (ii) Euphorinae and

(iii) Hormiinae. Braconine belongs to 'cyclostome' group of

Braconidae. Most are Idiobiont ectoparasitoids of larval

Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepldoptera and phytophagous

Hymenoptera. All euphorines are non-cyclostome Koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval and adult Coleoptera and mainly

adult Heteroptera, Hymenoptera Neuroptera, Psocoptera and

Orthoptera. Hormiines are cyclostome braconids which contain Idiobiont ectoparasitolds of the larvae of

Lepldoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Tenthredlnidae

(Achterberg, 1993; Whitfield & Wharton, 1997).

In order to facilitate correct identification of the

Indian braconid parasitoids, studies leading to comprehensive reviews and revision of genera and tribes of the Braconidae were initiated in the Department of Zoology,

A.M.U., Aligarh. The present work is a continuation of such studies on the Indian Braconidae. It deals with the subfamilies Braconinae, Euphorinae and Hormllnae of the family Braconidae.

In the present work in all 41 genera belonging to

Braconinae (32), Euphorinae (4) and Horminae (5) have been recorded from India of which 5 genera viz., (i)

Africadesha (ii) Pseudoshirakia (iii) Testudobracon (Iv)

Centistes and (v) Streblocera are reported for the first time and a new genus Zakaella gen.nov. is proposed. In all 47 species have been studied, out of which 15 new species viz., (i) Africadesha gunturensis sp.nov. (ii) A. indica sp.nov.

(iii) Eutropobracon granulatus sp. nov. (iv) E. punctatus sp.nov. (v) Habrobracon bicolor sp.nov. (vi) Pachybracon aligarhensis sp.nov. (vii) P. biharensis sp.nov. (viii)

Pseudoshirakia aligarhensis sp.nov. (ix) P. bengalensis sp. nov. (x) P. biharensis sp.nov. (xi) Testudobracon asphondyliae sp.nov. (xii) Tropobracon hayati sp.nov. (xiii)

T. shafeei sp.nov. (xiv) Physaraia indica sp.nov. and (xv)

Centistes indicus sp.nov. are added to the existing fauna of

Indian Braconidae. Further, 2 new combinations viz., (i)

Zakaella alami (Zaka-ur-Rab), comb.nov. and (ii) Aridelus flavicoxae (Shujauddin), comb.nov. have been proposed as well as 3 species viz., (i) Tropobracon infuscatus Achterberg

(ii) Tropobracon comorensis Aschterberg and (iii)

Streblocera macroscapa (Ruthe) are recorded for the first time from India. Brief diagnosis and keys to Indian tribes and genera of Braconinae and brief diagnosis and keys to the Indian genera of Euphorinae and Hormiinae are given.

Separate keys to the Indian species of the genera viz.,

Africadesha Quicke, Bracon Fabricius, Eutropobracon Ayyar,

Habrobracon Ashmead, Pachybracon Cameron, Physaraia

Shenefelt, Pseudoshirakia Achterberg, Stenobracon

Szepligeti, Tropobracon Cameron and Parahormius Nixon are also proposed. The status of the family Braconidae is discussed and the new texa have been Illustrated with the help of 117 diagrams.

TAXONOMY OF INDIAN BRACONIDAE (BRACONINAE, EUPHORINAE AND HORMIINAE)

THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THF AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Boctor of ^l|ilQ^opI)p ((•'IS IN ^ ^\ V ZOOLOGY ^ ^ I

•*-*• /

BY ARSHAD ALI HAIDER

^,^ T^D SECTION OF ENTOMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2002

T6205

Phones: External; 2700920/21 Internal: 300/301/328

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH- 202 002 INDIA

Sections: D.NO /ZD 1. AGRICULTURAL NEMATOLOGY f y 2. ENTOMOLOGY Daled..3j^/lV.I.

(Hettirxcnte

This is to certify tiiat Mr. Arshad Ali Haider has completed his Ph.D. work under my supervision on the problem entitled ^Taxonomy of Indian Braconidae

(Braconinae, Eupiiorinae and Hormiinae)**. The woik is an original contribution and distinct addition to the existing knowledge on the subject. Being satisfied witfi quality and quantity of the work, he is permitted to submit it for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ZOOLOGY of the Aligarh Mushm

University, Aligarh, India.

C // ^ f^f (Prof. Shujauddin) Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh- 202 002, India

CONTENTS

Page No. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORICAL REVIEW 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS 8 A. SUBFAMILY BRACONINAE NEES 10 Key to the Indian tribes of the subfamily Braconinae 11 Tribe Adeshini Achterberg 12 Key to the Indian genera of the tribe Adeshini 12 Genu Afhcadesha Quicke 13 Genus Aneuradesha Quicke 17 Genus Indadesha Quicke 18 Tribe Aphrastobraconin^ Ashmead 19 Tribe Bathyaulacini Quicke 20 Key to the Indian genera of the tribe Bathyaulacini 20 Genus Ischnobracon Baltazar 21 Genus Stenobracon Szepligeti 22 Tribe Braconini Nees 27 Key to the subtribes of the tribe Braconini 2 7 Subtribe Aspidobraconina Achterberg 2 8 Genus Eutropobracon Ayyar 2 8 Subtribe Braconina Nees 3 3 Key to the Indian genera of the subtribe Braconina 3 4 Gtmxs Atanycoins YotrsXQX 36 Genus Bracon Fabricius 3 8 Genus Habrobracon Ashmead 44 Genus Myosoma Bruile 51

Genus Pachybracon Cameron 5 2

Genus Pseudoshirakia Achterberg 5 7 Genus Testudobracon Quicke 64 Genus Tropobracon Cameron 67 Subtribe Physaraiina Achterberg 74 Genus Physaraia Shenefelt 75 Tribe Euurobraconini Ashmead 78 Genus Euurobracon As)mit?i^ 78 Tribe Glyptomorphini Tobias 80 Key to the Indian genera of the tribe Glyptomorphini 80 Tribe Iphiaulacini Telenga 81 Key to the Indian genera of the tribe Iphiaulacini 81 Genus Zakaella gen.nov. 82 B. Subfamily Euphorinae Foerster 87 Key to the Indian genera of the subfamily Euphorinae 87 Genus A ridelus Marshall 8 8 Genus Centistes Haliday 90 Genus Perilitus Nees 93 Genus Streblocera Westwood 94 C. SUBFAMILY HORMIINAE FOERSTER 96 Key to the Indian genera of the subfamily Hormiinae 96 Genus Pora/70A-m/M5 Nixon 97 SUMMARY 100 REFERENCES 102

CORRIGENDUM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am greatly indebted to Prof. Shujauddin, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, for his most inspiring guidance, supervision, valuable help and taking great pains in critically going through the manuscript.

I am very much thankful to Prof. A.K. Jafri, Chairman, Department of Zoology, A.M.U., Aligarh, for providing necessary research facilities.

My special thanks are due to Late Dr. S. Adam Shafee, Reader, Department of Zoology, A.M.U., Aligarh for providing an opportunity to work under his supervision for a short period.

I am also very grateful to Late Prof. S. Mashhood Alam, ex-head and Late Prof. Mumtaz A. Khan, ex-chairman. Department of Zoology, A.M.U., Aligarh for their moral support, constant encouragement and showing great concern towards my work.

I have no words to express my feelings for Prof. Mohd. Hayat, Department of Zoology, A.M.U., Aligarh for his critical appreciation and valuable suggestions.

My thanks are due to my senior lab colleagues Dr. Anis Fatima, Dr. Mohd. Yousuf, Dr. Jamal Ahmad, Dr. Shama Afroze for their brilliant suggestions and counselling during the tenure of my work.

Thanks are extended to my junior lab colleagues, Ahmad Samiuddin, Zubair Ahmad, Kavita Pandey, Mohammad Shamim, Vivek Agarwal, Zaheer Ahmad for their kind cooperation and moral support.

Special thanks to my wife Noor Jahan who showed great concern, keen interest and encouragement towards my work which gave me moral support.

Thanks are also due to Mr. H.K. Sharma for immaculate typing of this manuscript.

Last but not the least, I wish to thank my parents and other family members for their constant affection and encouragement which played a great role in the completion of my work.

ARSHAD ALI HAIDER

INTRODUCTION

The family Braconidae is the second largest family of Ichneumonoidea : Hymenoptera, widely distributed over the world and containing over 15000 described species (Wharton & Achterberg, 2000), of which 500 species are known from India. The members of the Braconidae vary in size from 1 mm to 30 mm. Braconids may be recognised by the following combination of characters, (i) absence of a costal cell (ii) fusion of metasomal terga 2 and 3, called 'syntergum' (ii) presence of trochantellus and (iv) absence of fore wing vein 2m-cu, except in the subfamily Apozyginae (Achterberg, 1993).

Braconids are among the most widely used parasitoids in the biological control. The most common hosts of braconid parasitoids belong to Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Psocoptera and Hemiptera specially the subfamily Aphidiinae (Achterberg, 1993). The braconid parasitoids are solitary or gregarious ectoparasitoids and endoparasitoids. The later are common among the Microgasterinae, Braconinae and Doryctinae. Ectoparasitoids are largely the members of the subfamilies Braconinae, Hormiinae and Doryctinae. They are Idiobionts ectoparasitoids. Endoparasitoids are represented by members of the subfamilies: Alysiinae, Microgasterinae and Opiinae which are generally Koinobionts. Most braconids are larval parasitoids, attacking the larval stages of holometabolous insects. However, a number of egg-larval parasitoids, few pupal parasitoids and some are known attacking nymphs of paurometabolous insects. Euphorinae are known to attack adults of holometabolous or paurometabolous insects. Hyperparasitism is rare

(Wharton et al., 1997).

The Braconinae is a large subfamily of moderately small to large wasps with more than 2000 described species from world (Shaw & Huddleston, 1991; Quicke, 1997 in Wharton et al.) of which 100 species are known from India (Shenefelt, 1978; Quicke, 1986, 1987, 1993; Narendran et al., 1994; Chishti & Quicke, 1995; Quicke & Polaszek, 2000). Braconine belongs to 'Cyclostome' group of Braconidae (Wesmael, 1835). Most are Idiobiont ectoparasitoids of larval coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and phytophagous Hymenoptera (Achterberg, 1993).

The Euphorinae is a small subfamily of medium sized wasps with more than 500 described species world wide, of which only 4 species are known from India (Shenefelt, 1969; Shujauddin, 1981; Shaw, 1985). All euphorines are non-cyclostome koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval and adult coleoptera, and mainly adult Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Psocoptera and Orthoptera (Achterberg, 1993).

The Hormiinae is also a very small subfamily containing medium size wasps with more than 150 described species, of which only 14 species are known from India (Sehenfelt, 1975; Papp, 1990; Narendran, 1999). Hormiines are 'Cyclostome' braconids which contain Idiobiont ectoparasitoids of larvae of Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Tenthredinidae (Whitfield & Wharton, 1997 in Wharton et al.).

In the present work 41 genera of Braconinae, Euphorinae and Hormiinae have been recorded from India, of which 5 genera are reported for the first time from India and a new genus is proposed. In all 47 species have been studied, 15 species are added to the existing fauna of Indian

Braconidae, 2 new combinations have been proposed, while 3 species are recorded for the first time from India. Brief diagnosis and key to Indian tribes and genera of Braconinae and brief diagnosis and key to Indian genera of Euphorinae and Hormiinae is given. Separate keys to the Indian species of the genus, wherever necessary are also proposed. All the species dealt in the thesis are described, based upon the material studied by the author and supported by 117 figures. For each species, information of host and distribution from India is given.

Holotypes, paratypes and other material examined by the author has been deposited in the Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, except the material examined by F.R.I.

HISTORICAL REVIEW

Linnaeus (1758) described braconids, ichneumonids and other Terebrantia under the genus Ichneumon L. Gravenhorst & Nees ab Esenbeck (1818) divided the Ichneumonideous genera into two stripes - the Ichneumones Genuini and the Ichneumones Adsciti. These two stripes being further divided into numerous genera; the Adsciti being primarily divided into two groups named, Bracones and Bassi.

The family Braconidae was erected by Stephens (1829)*. Later, he (1835) separated the Ichneumonidae into four families mainly on the basis of the number of joints in the maxillary palpi: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae (5-jointed), Alysiidae (6-jointed) and Aphidiidae (4-jointed). Wesmael (1835) named the Ichneumones Genuini and Asciti as Ichneumonides characterised by having two recurrent (m-cu) veins and Braconides having only one recurrent vein in the fore wing, respectively. He further divided the Braconides into two groups viz., 'braconides endodontes' (having the teeth of the mandibles directed inwardly; the mandibles meeting together when shut) and 'braconides exodontes' (having the teeth of the mandibles directed outwards; the mandibles when closed, not touching each other). The later group is now called the Alysiinae (Achterberg, 1993). The endodontes being further divided into four subdivisions viz., (i) Polymorphi (clypeus entire, abdomen 6- to 7-jointed, posterior part of the vertex convex, second submarginal cell (when present) large) (ii) Cryptogastri (clypeus entire, posterior part of vertex convex, abdomen dorsally presenting not more than two transverse

•After Shaw (1985)

sections, second submarginal cell (when present) large) (iii) Areolarii

(clypeus entire, vertex more or less emarginate behind, abdomen 6- to 7- jointed, second submarginal cell (when present) very small) and (iv) Cyclostomi (clypeus deeply notched, leaving a cricular aperture between it and the jaws, abdomen generally 6- to 7-jointed, second submarginal cell when present large). The 'polymorphes' contain the subfamilies Aphidiinae, Cenocoeliinae, Euphorinae, Helconinae, Ichneutinae, Macrocentrinae, Opiinae and Orgilinae. The 'cryptogastres' contain Cheloninae and Sigalphinae. The 'aerolaires' contain Agathidinae and Microgastrinae. The 'cyclostomes' contain Braconinae, Doryctinae, Hormiinae, Rogadinae and Rhyssalinae.

Haliday (1838)* divided Ichneumonideous genera into five families including, Evaniidae, Ichneumonidae, Agriotypidae, Braconidae and Aphidiidae on the basis of the nature of connexion between the second and third dorsal segments (tergites) of the abdomen (metasoma) and outer discoidal (second discal) cell of the fore wing. Westwood (1840) followed the system of Wesmael (1835) and added a sixth division ie "Flexiliventres" for the Aphidiinae. Foerster (1862) divided the family Braconidae into 26 subfamilies, adding the suffix "-oidae". Marshall (1891) added a seventh division "Pachylommatidae" to the family termed Hybrizontinae by Achterberg (1976). Marshall, further divided these large groups into 26 subfamilies, for the Palaearctic region and used the suffix "-ides". Dalla Torre (1898) compiled the world list of Braconidae. Ashmead (1900) provided the first general key to the subfamilies of

•After Westwood (1840)

Braconidae. He separated Alysiinae as family Alysiidae, while the remaining genera were placed in 17 subfamilies.

Szepligeti (1904) divided Braconidae into 31 subfamilies, of which the subfamily Lysiognathinae belongs to Ichneumonidae. Fahringer (1925) and Tobias (1971) proposed the keys to the subfamilies for the Palaearctic region. Marsh (1963) gave a key for the Nearctic region. Later he (1971) disregarded this key because of some disagreement to the limits of the various subfamilies in the Braconidae. Achterberg (1976) discussed the systematic position and evolutionary trends of the Braconidae, dividing the family into 22 subfamilies. Achterberg (1984, 1988), Quicke & Achterberg (1990), Achterberg et al. (1992) and Whitfield & Mason (1994) gave the phylogeny of Braconidae. Concurrently, Sharkey (1993) has divided the family into 29 subfamilies viz., Adellinae, Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Amicrocentrinae, Aphidiinae, Apozyginae, Braconinae, Cardiochilinae, Cheloninae, Doryctinae, Dirrhopinae, Euphorinae, Gnamptodontinae, Helconinae, Homolobinae, Ichneutinae, Khoikhoiinae, Macrocentrinae, Meteoridiinae, Meteorinae, Microgastrinae, Miracinae, Neoneurinae, Opiinae, Orgilinae, Rogadinae, Sigalphinae, Trachypetinae and Xiphozelinae. Recently, Achterberg (1993) has divided the family into 47 subfamilies viz., Adeliinae, Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Amicrocentrinae, Aphidiinae, Apozyginae, Betylobraconinae, Blacinae, Braconinae, Cardiochilinae, Cenocoeliinae, Charmontinae, Cheloninae, Dirrhopinae, Doryctinae, Ecnomiinae, Euphorinae, Exothecinae, Gnamptodontinae, Helconinae, Histeromerinae, Homolobinae, Hormiinae, Ichneutinae, Khoikhoiinae, Lysiterminae, Macrocentrinae, Masoninae, Mendesellinae,

Mesostoinae, Meteorideinae, Microgastrinae, Microtypinae, Miracinae,

Neoneurinae, Opiinae, Orgilinae, Pambolinae, Proteropinae, Pselaphaninae, Rhyssalinae, Rogadinae, Sigalphinae, Telengaiinae, Trachypetinae, Vaepellinae and Xiphozelinae.

Warton et al. (1997) recognized 34 subfamilies of the family Braconidae from the new world. Wharton & Achterberg (2000) gave the list of known family-group names for Braconidae with their authors and dates of publication. The status of 224 previously proposed names are reviewed, with particular attention to the validity and priority of names used by the nineteenth century authors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Collection and rearing

The adult braconid parasitoids were collected from different parts of India by using sweeping net. The parasitoids were also reared from their natural hosts. They are collected in collecting bags. A complete record was maintained indicating the locality, data of collection, name of the host plant and host. The samples were later transfered from the collecting bags to the rearing jars. The open end of the jars were covered with muslin cloth tightly held with rubber band. The jars were checked daily and fresh leaves were provided for the feeding and emergered parasitoids were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol with few drops of glycerine.

Preparation of card mount

The freshly collected specimens were usually killed in ethyl acetate fumes and directly mounted on rectangular or triangular cards by using water soluble glue. The specimen is placed obliquely on the card and glued through the side of the thorax. The material available in 70% alcohol was also card mounted before study. Body colour, sculpture and measurements were noted from the card mounted specimens.

Preparation of slide mount

The permanent slides were prepared after dehydration and clearing was done in clove oil. The specimens were dissected under dissecting binocular microscope with the help of fine needles. The dissected parts viz., antennae, wings, legs and other body parts were placed

in Canada balsam on a slide in required position and covered by cover slips.

The slides were dried by keeping in the thermostate at 35±2°C.

Illustration and Measurement

The permanent slides and card mount specimens were examined under the binocular microscope. Drawing of taxonomically important body parts were made with the help of camera Lucida. Measurements were taken with the help of Ocular micrometer fitted in one of the two eye piece of the binocular.

Terminology

The terminology used in the present work is followed after Achterberg (1993) for various body parts and wing venation and for microsculpture (Eady, 1968).

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the present work. F.R.I. Forest Research Institute, New Forest, Dehradun, India. ZDAMU Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India AOL Anterior ocular line POL Posterior ocular line OOL Ocello ocular line OOD Ocellus diameter gen.nov. New genus propsoed in this work sp.nov. New species proposed in this work Comb.nov. New combination proposed in this work w.d. Without date.

TERMINOLOGY (After Achterberg, 1993)

Figs. A-F: A. body, lateral aspect; B. mesosoma, dorsal aspect; C. head,frontal aspect; D. leg; E. antenna; F. head, dorsal aspect. Legenda: ab= base of antenna; an= anellus; ar^ arolium; asd= anterior subalar depression; ax= axilla; bts= basitarsus; c=clypeus; cl=tarsal claw; cx=coxa; ep= epipleuron (or latero-tergite); flagel=flagellum; fm= femur; fo=eye; fi—frons; g=face; hp= hypopygium; lp= labial palp; Ir= labrum; md= mandible; mds= medio-posterior depression of scutellum; mp= maxillaiy palp; mpl^niesopleuron; ms=mesostemum; msc=mesoscutum; mtn=metanotum; mtp=metapleuron; nt=notum; no=notauli; oc^ocelli; ov=ovipositor; ovs=ovipositor sheath; opc=occipital carina; pc=prepectal carina; pd=pedicellus; pn=pronotum; pnz=side of pronotum; pp=propleuron; ppc=postpectal carina; pr=propodeum; ps=precoxal sulcus; rd=radix; s=stemite; sc=scutellum; sl=temple; sos=side of scutellum; sp=scapus; spo=spurs; sr=spiracle; ss=scutellar sulcus; st=sternaulus; stm=stemmaticum; t=tergite (tl=first tergite); tb=tibia; tg=tegula; th=thorax; tr=trochanter; ts=tarsus; tts=telotarsus; v=vertex; vtp=anterior tentorial pit; w=malar space.

antenna head mesosoma metasoma

Figs. G-J, terminology of wing venation (after Achterberg, 1993) : A= analis; C= costa; CU= cubitus; M= media; R= radius; SC= subcosta; SR= sectio radii (or RS of "radial sector"); a= transverse anal vein; cu- a=transverse cubito-anal vein; m-cu= transverse medio-cubital vein; r= transverse radial vein; r-m= transverse radio-medial vein; pa= parastigma; pt= petrostigma. Cells: 1= maiginal cell; 2= submarginal cell; 3- discai cell; 4= subdiscal cell; 5=costal cell; 6= basal cell; 7= subbasal cell; 8= plical cell or (if protruding) lobe; a,b, and c indicate first, second and third cell, respectively.

SUBFAMILY BRACONINAE NEES

Bracones Nees, 1812: 3 [Family-group name according to Wharton & Achterberg, 2000 : 255. Braconites; Blanchard, 1845 : 156 Braconoidae; Foerster, 1862: 227 Braconides; Parfitt, 1881 : 284 Braconinae; Marshall, 1887 : 56 Vipiinae Gahan, 1917: 196 Microbraconinae Bridwell, 1920 : 389 Braconinae Nees; Achterberg, 1976 : 45; Quicke, 1987; 43; Quicke & Sharkey, 1989 : 337; Sharkey, 1993 : 393; Quicke, 1997 : 149.

Diagnosis : Hypoclypeal depresson (=cyclostome) present; labrum distinctly concave, largely glabrous except at the edge; maxillary palp with five segments (except Histeromenis in which it is six- segmented); occiput not margined (except laterally in Histeromerns); prepectal carina absent; fore wing with vein 1-SR+M complete, vein r-m present arising from 3-SR not 2-SR, vein 3-SR arising form 2-SR not directly from the pterostigma, vein 2A absent; hind wing vein 1-M at least two times as long as M+CU, vein Cu-a present, vein 2A absent; 1st metasomal tergite flattend (except in the Aspidobraconina and Physaraiina in which the 1st and 2nd tergites are fused); ovipositor usually strongly exserted, always projecting beyond the apex of the metasoma (except Furcadesha in which the 5th tergite is strongly produced submedially).

The subfamily Braconinae is represented by seven tribes from India. A key to the Indian tribes is also proposed.

Key to the Indian tribes of the subfamily Braconinae

1. Vein CU la of fore wing arising at the same level as vein 2-CU1 Adeshini Achterberg

Vein CU la of fore wing arising far posterior to vein 2-CU 1. 2

2. Terminal flagellomere blunt; marginal cell of fore wing short, vein SRI reaching wing margin less than 0.65 times the distance between the apex of the pterostigma and the wing tip Glyptomorphini Tobias

Terminal flagellomere not blunt; marginal cell of fore wing long, vein SRI reaching wing margin more than 0.7 times the distance between the apex of the pterostigma and the wing tip. 3

3. Scape strongly emarginate apico-laterally and apico-medially 4

Scape not emarginate apico-laterally and apico-medially 5

4. Fore wing veins C+SC+R and 1-SR forming an angle less than 50°; vein r of fore wing more than 0.7 times the length of vein m-cu.— Bathyaulacini Quicke

Fore wing veins C+SC+R and 1-SR forming an angle more than 50°; vein r of fore wing less than 0.7 times the length of vein m-cu. Iphiaulacini Telenga

5. Scape shorter ventrally than dorsally; hind wing vein Ir-m shorter than vein SC+Rl Braconini Nees

Scape longer ventrally than dorsally; hind wing vein Ir-m longer than vein SC+Rl 6

6. 1st subdiscal cell of fore wing oval; fore wing vein cu-a antefurcal ~ Aphrastobraconini Ashmead 1st subdiscal cell of fore wing not ovoid; fore wing vein cu-a post- furcal Euurobraconini Ashmead

Tribe Adeshini Achterberg

Adeshini Achterberg, 1983 : 175 Type-genus : Adesha Cameron, 1912 : 78 Adeshini Achterberg; Qui eke, 1986 : 265 Adeshini Achterberg; Quicke, 1987 : 99 Adeshini Achterberg; Quicke & Polaszek, 2000 : 104

Diagnosis : Flagellomeres longer than wide; scape small, shorter ventrally than dorsally; clypeus not separated from the face by a carina; notauli well developed anteriorly, usually reduced posteriorly; fore wing with vein CUla arising at the same level as vein 2-CUl, vein CUlb if present much longer than 3-CUl, vein 1-SR+M straight; propodeum with a mid-longitudinal carina.

The tribe Adeshini is represented by four genera viz., Africadesha Quicke, Furcadesha Quicke, Indadesha Quicke and Aneuradesha Quicke from India. The genus Africadesha is reported for the first time from India. A key to the Indian genera of the tribe is also proposed.

Key to the Indian genera of the tribe Adeshini Achterberg

1. Fore wing vein CUlb completely absent 2

Fore wing vein CUlb present. 3

2. Posterior margin of 5th metasomal tergite with well developed sub-

lateral semicircular emarginations; mesoscutum atleast anteriorly

smooth and shining Indadesha Quicke

Posterior margin of 5th metasomal tergite without sub-lateral

semicircular emargination; mesoscutum entirely smooth and shining -Aneuradesha Quicke

3. 5th metasomal tergite produced posteriorly on either side of the middle; mesoscutum densely and evenly setose Furcadesha Quicke

5th metasomal tergite not forked posteriorly; mesoscutum only setose near notauli Africadesha Quicke

Genus Africadesha Quicke

Africadesha Quicke, 1986 : 270 Type-species : Africadesha usherwoodi Quicke, 1986; Monobasic and original designation

Diagnosis : Scapes not swollen baso-dorsally, fewer than 40 flagellomers; mesoscutum only setose near notauli, at most with very indistinct mid-longitudinal depression; angle between forewing veins C+SC+R and 1-SR less than 45°, vein 3-CUl not differentiated; claws with pointed basal lobes; laterope well devleoped; 2nd metasomal tergite with a small triangular mid-basal area which is formed posteriorly into a short carina; 2nd metasomal suture widely crenulate.

The genus Africadesha Quicke is reported for the first time from India and is represented by two new species viz., A. gunturensis sp.nov. and A. indica sp.nov. which have been described and illustrated. A key to the Indian species of the genus is proposed.

Key to the Indian species of the genus Africadesha Quicke

1. Propodeum with complete mid-longitudinal carina; fore wing vein cu-a interstitial gunturensis sp.nov.

Propodeum with incomplete mid-longitudinal carina; forewing vein cu-a post-furcal indica sp.nov.

Africadesha gunturensis sp.nov. (Figs. 1-6)

Female : Yellowish-brown; antenna, stemmaticum, ovipositor and ovipositor sheaths dark brown; tips of mandible and claws black; ocelli transparent; eyes grey; wings infuscate, venations and pterostigma brown.

Head : Antenna 39 segmented with many thyloids (Fig. 5, 6), length of 3rd segment 1.4 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.5 and 2.5times their width respectively, penultimate segment of antenna 2.0 times longer than wide (Fig. 6); length of maxillary palp as long as height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 2.0 times temple; temple weakly narrowed posteriorly; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 3:3:2 : 5; frons and vertex smooth and shining; frons with a median groove extending from the stemmaticum to the antennal sockets; face rugulose and sparsely setose; length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; episternal scrobe linear and rather shallow; lateral lobes of mesoscutum and scutellum crenulate; metanotum smooth; propodeum smooth with complete mid-longitudinal carina (Fig. 2).

Wings : Fore wing (Fig. 1) vein r: 3-SR :SR = 7 : 9 : 30;

1-SR+M straight; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 7 : 9 : 6; cu-a interstitial.

Legs : Hind coxa smooth and shining; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.4, 11.6 and 6.5 times their width respectively (Fig. 4); length of hind tibial spurs both 4.3 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Length of 1st tergite 0.7 times its apical width (Fig. 3), its median surface largely reticulate coriaceous and laterally rugulose; rest of the metasomal tergites granulate; ovipositor sheaths short, about 0.3 times the length of metasoma.

Length : 3.05 mm, fore wing 2.9 mm.

Male : Same as female except antenna 34 segmented; length of body 2.45 mm.

Holotype : Q, INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Ponnur, 31.vii.l998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; Paratype : 12 ^Q, 4 d'd'with same data as holotype.

Remarks : The new species Africadesha gunturensis sp.nov. is closely related to A. usherwoodi Quicke. However, it differs in having (i) antenna 39 segmented (ii) face rugulose and sparsely setose (iii) maxillary palp as long as height of head (iv) lateral lobes of mesoscutum and scutellum crenulate (v) median surface 1st metasomal tergite largely reticulate coriaceous.

Africadesha indica sp.nov.

(Figs. 7-11)

Female : Brownish-yellow; antenna and ovipositor dark brown; ocelli transparent; eyes grey; stemmaticum, tips of mandibles, claws and ovipositor sheaths black; wings infuscate, venations and pterostigma dark brown.

Head : Antenna 38 segmented with many thyloids (Fig. 8), length of 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd, 4th and penultimate segments 3.0, 2.50 and 2.0 times their width respectively (Fig. 8); length of maxillaiy palp 0.86 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 1.7 times temple; temple parallel-sided; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 3:3 : 2 : 6; frons and vertex postulate; frons with a median groove extending from the stemmaticum to the antennal socket; face postulate, shining and sparsely setose; length of malar space as long as basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height; episternal scrobe linear; mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum smooth and shining; propodeum granulate with incomplete mid-longitudinal carina (Fig. 9).

Wings : Fore wing (Fig. 7) vein r : 3-SR : SRI = 6 : 10 : 29; 1-SR+M straight; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 8 : 10 : 6; cu-a post-furcal.

Legs : Hind coxa granulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.2, 8.7 and 6.0 times their width respectively (Fig. 11); length of hind tibial spurs both 4.0 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Length of 1st tergite 0.62 times its apical width, its median surface reticulate and laterally rugulose; 2nd tergite basally rugose and apically granulate; rest of the metasomal tergites granulate; ovipositor

sheaths short, 3.05 times the length of metasoma.

Length : 2.8 mm, fore wing 2.87 mm.

Male : Unknown

Holotype : ^ INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 8.viii.2002, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; Paratype : 4 QQ with same data as holotype.

Remarks : The new species Africadesha indica sp.nov. is closely related to A. giinturensis sp.nov. However, it differs in having (i) face, frons and vertex postulate (ii) mesoscutum and scutellum smooth and shining (iii) propodeum granulate with incomplete mid-longitudinal carina (iv) forewing vein cu-a post-furcal (v) hind coxa granulate (vi) median surface of 1st metasomal tergite reticulate (vii) 2nd metasomal tergite basally rugose and apically granulate.

Genus Aneuradesha Quicke

Aneuradesha Quicke, 2000 : 104 Type-species : Aneuradesha harleyi Quicke, 2000 105; Monobasic and original designation

Diagnosis : Flagellomeres longer than wide; notauli deeply impressed, meeting at posterior third of mesoscutum where they form a weakly depressed punctate area; fore wing vein CUlb complete absent; propodeum with an incomplete mid longitudinal carina; 2nd metasomal suture nanow and crenulate.

The genus Aneuradesha Quicke contains the only species viz., A. harleyi Quicke from India (Quicke, 2000).

Aneuradesha harleyi Quicke

Aneuradesha harleyi Quicke, 2000 : 105; Monobasic and original designation Material examined : 3 (?(?, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 8.viii.2002, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider. Host : Asmangulia ctispidata Distribution : Uttar Pradesh

Genus Indadesha Quicke

Indadesha Quicke, 1986 : 265 Type-species : Indadesha achterbergi Quicke, 1986; Monobasic and original designation

Diagnosis : Scapus not swollen baso-dorsally; mesoscutum anteriorly smooth, shining and glabrous; angle between fore wing veins C+SC+R and 1-SR more than 47°; laterope absent; 2nd metasomal suture crenulate; posterior margin of 5th metasomal tergite with well developed sub-lateral semicircular emarginations.

The genus Indadesha Quicke contains the only species viz., /. achterbergi Quicke from India (Quicke, 1986, 1987).

Indadesha achterbergi Quicke

Indadesha achterbergi Quicke, 1986 :268; Monobasic and original designation Material examined : 2 00, INDIA : Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 5.i. 1999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider. Host : Unknown Distribution : INDIA : South India.

Tribe Aphrastobraconini Ashmead

Aphrastobraconini Ashmead, 1900 : 136 Type-genus : Aphrastobracon Ashmead, 1896 : 646 Aphrastobraconinae Szepligeti, 1904 : 10; synonymy of Braconinae by Achterberg, 1976 : 34 Aphrastobraconini Ashmead; Quicke, 1987 : 100

Diagnosis : Scape not emarginate apico-laterally and apico- medially, longer ventrally than dorsally; 1st subdiscal cell of fore wing oval, 2nd submarginal cell long and narrow, vein cu-a strongly ante-furcal; hind wing vein Ir-m longer than vein SC+Rl; ovipositor without a dorsal nodus, shorter than the body or if longer than the body then the apical part is formed into a single characteristic arch.

The tribe Aphrastobraconini is represented by only genus Aphrastobracon Ashmead, with three species viz., A. alcidiphagusAyyar, A. ayyari Watanabe and A. flavipennis Ashmead from South India. The representative species of the genus is not recorded from this part.

Tribe Bathyaulacini Quicke

Bathyaulacini Quicke, 1987 : 103 Type-genus : Bathyaulax Szepligeti, 1906 : 559 Bathyaulacini Quicke; Chishti & Quicke, 1995 : 73

Diagnosis : Antenna longer than the forewing; scape very large, strongly emarginate apico-laterally and apico-medially; terminal flagellomere not blunt; fore wing vein 1-SR+M straight or curving slightly anteriorly after arising from 1-M, veins C+SC+R and 1-SR forming an angle less than 50°, vein r more than 0.7 times the length of vein m-cu; hind wing vein Ir-m longer than SC+Rl or rarely approximately of equal length; ovipositor with a pre-apical dorsal nodus and apico-ventral serrations.

The tribe Bathyaulacini is represented by four genera viz., Angustibracon Quicke, Ischnobracon Baltazar, Stenobracon Szepligeti and Anneclobracon Chishti & Quicke from India. A key to the Indian genera of the tribe is proposed.

Key to the Indian genera of the tribe Bathyaulacini Quicke

1. Hind wing vein 2-SC+R distinctly transverse; scutellar sulcus totally smooth 2

Hind wing vein 2-SC+R interstitial or distinctly longitudinal; scutellar sulcus at least with weak crenulations. 3

2. 2nd metasomal suture crenulate; 3rd and 4th metasomal tergites with well devleoped antero-lateral areas, bordered posteriorly by deep crenulate grooves Anneclobracon Chishti &Quicke

2nd metasomal suture smooth; 3rd and 4th metasomal tergites

without antero-lateral areas Ischnobracon Baltazar

3. 1st metasomal tergite more than 1.7 times longer than maximally wide; 2nd metasomal tergite more than 1.45 times longer than apically wide; forewing vein SRI reaching the wing margin more than 0.85 of the way between the apex of the pterostigma and the wing tip Angustibracon Quicke

1st metasomal tergite less than 1.6 times longer than maximally wide; 2nd metasomal tergite less than 1.4 times longer than apically wide; forewing vein SRI reaching the wing margin less than 0.8 of the way between the apex of the pterostigma and the wing tip —Stenobracon Szepligeti

Genus Ischnobracon Baltazar

Ischnobracon Baltazar, 1963 : 587 Type-species : Ischnobracon bakeri Baltazar, 1963 : 588; original designation Ischnobracon Baltazar; Quicke, 1987 : 117

Diagnosis : Scutellar sulcus smooth; propodeum almost smooth and shining, without a mid-longitudinal carina; fore wing vein 3-CUl not expanded posteriorly; hind wing vein 2-SC+R distinctly transverse; fore basitarsus less than 5.5 times longer than apically deep; 2nd metasomal suture smooth; 3rd and 4th metasomal tergites without antero-lateral areas, defining posteriorly by a crenulate groove; ovipositor about as long as metasoma, apex dorsally angled and ventrally broadly serrate.

The genus Ischnobracon Baltazar is represented by 4 species from Indo-Australian region, of which only /. indiscretus (Cameron) is reported from India (Shenefelt, 1978).

Ischnobracon indiscretus (Cameron)

Bracon indiscretus Cameron, 1899 : 71 Bracon indiscretus Cameron; Ayyar, 1924 : 354 Ischnobracon indiscretus (Cameron); Baltazar, (1969) 1972 : 265

Material examined :4 QQ, 1 O, INDIA : Bihar, Begusarai, Gurdaspm-, 15.v. 1996, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Unknown

Distribution : INDIA : Bihar, Meghalaya

Genus Stenobracon Szepligeti

Stenobracon Szepligeti, 1901 : 359 Type-species : Stenobracon oculatus Szepligeti, 1901; Monobasic Elphea Cameron, 1903: 121 Type-species : Elphea lutea Cameron, 1903; Designated by Viereck, 1914; Synonymy by Roman, 1914. Phanaulax Cameron, 1910a : 43 Type-species : Phanaulax levituberculatus Cameron, 1910a' Monobasic; Synonymy by Roman, 1914. Stenobracon Szepligeti; Fahringer, 1928 : 22 Stenobracon Szepligeti; Quicke, 1987 : 132 Stenobracon Szepligeti; Quicke & Ingram, 1993 : 323 Stenobracon Szepligeti; Chishti & Quicke, 1996 : 227

Diagnosis : Face flat, without cariniform protuberence; eyes large, glabrous and weakly emarginate; cylpeus bordered dorsally by a carina; antenna long, scapus large, sub-cylindrical, pedicellus normal, basal flagellomeres longer than wide, apical flagellomere not blunt, laterally compressed; mesosoma smooth and shiny; mesoscutum broad and largelly glabrous; notauli moderately developed, impressed along entire length of mesoscutum; scutellar sulcus crenulate; metanotum without mid longitudinal carina; propodeum almost completely smooth and shiny without mid longitudinal carina; marginal cell of fore wing short, fore wing vein 1-M curved; tarsal claws simple with small rounded basal lobes; metasoma elongate; 1st metasomal tergite longer than wide, 2nd tergite with a smooth acute mid basal area, 3rd tergite with foveate rugose or puntiform sculpture, the grooves bordering the antero-lateral areas posteriorly more or less evenly wide along their entire length; ovipositor with a pre-apical dorsal nodus with ventral serrations and at least as long as body; ovipositor sheaths moderately setose.

The genus Stenobracon Szepligeti is represented by 6 species from Indo-Australian region, however, only 3 species have been reported from India (Chishti & Quicke, 1996). A separate key to females and males of the Indian species of the genus have been proposed. Key to the Indian species of the genus Stenobracon Szepligeti (Females) 1. All metasomal tergites yellowish-brown; metasomal tergites 3-4 largely rugose deesae (Cameron)

- Metasomal tergites 5-6 black; metasomal tergites 1-2 or 2-3 partly striate to rugose 2

2. Second metasomal tergite 0.75-1.03 times wider than long; 3rd

metasomal tergite smooth, without or with only a trace of groove defining posterior margin of antero-lateral area—oculatus szepligeti

Second metasomal tergite 1.13-1.52 times wider than long; 3rd metasomal tergite usually medio-basally with rugose to longitudinal striations with well developed groove defining posterior margin of antero-lateral area nicevillei (Bingham)

Key to the Indian species of the genus Stenobracon Szepligeti (Males)

1. Fore wing vein 1-SR+M straight after arising from vein 1-SR; metasomal tergites 3-4 largely rugosely sculptured; head dorsally brownish-yellow deesae (Cameron).

Forewing vein 1-SR+M weakly but distinctly curving towards anterior wing margin;metasomal tergites 3-4 smooth; head dorsally completely black 2

2. Third metasomal tergite smooth, without or with only a trace of groove defining posterior margin of antero-lateral area; second metasomal tergite 0.9-1.2 times wider than long, area around medial triangular area rugosely sculptured oculatus Szepligeti

Third metasomal tergite at least medio-basally some what rugose with well developed groove defining posterior margin of antero-lateral area; second metasomal tergite 1.24-1.57 times wider than long, area around medial triangular area weakly sculptured - nicevillei (Bingham)

Stenobracon deesae (Cameron)

Bracon deesae Cameron, 1902 : 433 Glypfomorpha deesae (Cameron); Husain & Mathur, (1923) 1924: 120 Stenobracon deesae (Cameron); Ayyar, 1928 : 35 Glyptomorpha (Stenobracon) deesae (Cameron); Rahman, 1941: 119. Stenobracon deesae (Cameron); Alam, 1952a: 159; 1952b: 620 Vipio deesae (Cameron); Bhalla & Venkatraman, 1963: 36 Iphiaulax deesae (Cameron); Baltazar, (1969) 1972: 271 Stenobracon deesae (Cameron); Chishti & Quicke, 1996 : 239

Material examined : 3 QQ, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Pant Nagar, 17.iv. 1996, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 4 gg, 2 (Jd", Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 2.x. 1997, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 3 g^, 2 dt?. West Bengal, Kalyani, 15.xi.l999 Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Chilo auricilius Ddgn., Chilo simplex Butt., Chilo zonellus Swinh., Schoenobius bifunctifer Wlk., Sphenoptera gossypii Kerr.

Distribution : Throughout India

Stenobracon nicevillei (Bingham)

Bracon nicevillei Bingham, 1901 : 555 Glyptomorpha nicevillei (Bingham); Ayyar (1923) 1924 : 263 Stenobracon nicevillei (Bingham); Ayyar, 1928 : 35 Stenobracon levitubercidatus (Cameron); Fahringer, 1928 : 26 Stenobracon levitubercidatus (Cameron); Quicke & Koch, 1990 : 224; Synonymy by Chishti & Quicke, 1996 : 241

Material examined : 6 Q(J, 4 dS, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh,

Aligarh, 19.ix.l997, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 2 ^^, Aligarh, 5.x. 1998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 1 p, Aligarh, l.ix.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 2 9g, 1 C? Baraily, 25.x. 1999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider, 3 ^g, Bihar : Darbhanga, 6.xi.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 5 QQ, Patna, 9.xi.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 2 gg, 3 (?(?, Begusarai, 12.xi.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 2 5^, 7 db, West Bengal : Kalyani University Campus, 15.xi.l999 Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Chilo auricilius Ddgn, Scirpophaga sp.

Distribution : Throughout India

Stenobracon oculatus (Szepligeti) Slenobracon oculatus Szepligeti, 1901 : 360 Elphea lulea Cameron, 1903 : 122; Synonymy by Roman, (1913) 1914: 22 Stenobracon trifasciatiis Szepligeti, 1908 : 214; Synonymy by Chishti & Quicke, 1996 : 242 Phanaulax fuscicornis Cameron, 1910b: 22; Synonymy by Roman, (1913) 1914 Stenobracon macidata Matsumura, 1910a: 50; Synonymy by Watanabe, 1932 with trifasciattts Szepligeti Hemibracon elegantulus Enderlein, (1918) 1920 : 62; Synonymy by Watanabe, 1932 with trifasciatus Szepligeti Stenobracon oculatus Szepligeti; Quicke, 1991 : 184 Stenobracon oculatus Szepligeti; Chishti & Quicke, 1996 : 242

Material examined : 2 Op^ INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, 26.xii.1997, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider. Host : Unknown Distribution : INDIA : South India

Tribe Braconini Nees

Braconini Nees, 1812 : 3 Type-genus : Bracon Fabricius, 1804 : 102 Braconini Nees; Mason, 1978 : 721 Braconini Nees; Achterberg, 1984 : 137 Braconini Nees; Quicke, 1987 : 105

Diagnosis : Scape small, sub globose, apically truncate or shorter ventrally than dorsally, not emarginate apico-laterally and apico- medially; fore wing vein 3-CUl longer than CUlb, vein 3-SR more or less straight, not markedly sigmoid, 2nd submarginal cell parallel-sided or narrowing distally, vein 3-CUl not distinctly expanded posteriorly; hind wing vein Ir-m shorter than SC+Rl.

The tribe Braconini is represented by three subtribes viz., Aspidobraconina Achterberg, Braconina Nees and Physaraiina Achterberg. A key to the subtribes of the tribe Braconini is also proposed.

Key to the subtribes of the tribe Braconini Nees

1. Metasomal tergites 1st and 2nd movably joined and not fused laterally Braconina Nees

Metasomal tergites 1st and 2nd immovably joined and fused laterally 2

2. Metasoma with lst-3rd tergites forming a carapace, subsequent tergites completely retracted; clypeus with dorsal carina Physaraiina Achterberg

Metasoma with six clearly visible tergites; clypeus without dorsal carina - - -Aspidobraconina Achterberg

Subtribe Aspidobraconina Achterberg

Aspidobraconina Achterberg, 1984 : 141 Type-genus : Aspidobracon Achterberg, 1984 : 143

Diagnosis : Metasomal tergites 1-2 immovably joined and fused laterally; metasoma with six clearly visible tergites; clypeus without dorsal carina; mesoscutum without median carina.

The subtribe Aspidobraconina Achterberg contains the only genus Eiitropohracon Ayyar, from India (Achterberg, 1984; Quicke, 1987).

Genus Eutropobracon Ayyar

Eulropobracon Ayyar, 1928 : 40 Type-species: Eulropobracon indicus Ayyar, 1928; Original designation Eutropobracon Ayyar : Shenefelt, 1978 : 1461; (synonym oiBracon Fab.); Achterberg, 1984 : 147.

Diagnosis : Scapus truncate; eyes not emarginate and without sub-ocular groove; frons with median groove; notauli complete and finely crenulate; scutellar sulcus wide and crenulate; median carina of metanotum short; propodeum with lamelliform medio-longitudinal carina; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing less than 70°; tarsal claws with obtuse basal lobe; metasoma with six clearly visible tergites; dorsal carina of 1st tergite complete and united; 6th tergite apically truncate; ovipositor far protruding beyond apex of metasoma; hypopygium of female large and truncate apically.

The genus Eiitropobracon Ayyar is a small genus containing only type species from India (Achterberg, 1984; Quicke, 1987). In the present work two new species are added to the genus viz., E. granulatiis sp.nov. and E. punctatus sp.nov. from India. A key to the species is proposed.

Key to the species of the genus Eutropobracon Ayyar

1. Length of 1 st metasomal tergite about half of its apical width; 2nd-6th

tergites reticulate-punctate; frons and vertex punctulate; ovipositor

sheaths a little longer than the metasoma. indicus Ayyar

- Length of 1st metasomal tergite as long as or slightly shorter than its

apical width; 2nd-6th tergite granulate or rugulose; frons and vertex

smooth or granulate; ovipositor sheaths shorter than the metasoma.—

2. Scape two times as long as wide; frons and vertex granulate; surface

of propodeum granulate, median carina not complete, about half of

the length of propodeum; 2nd-6th metasomal tergites granulate;

ovipositor sheaths 0.9 times the length of metasoma

-granulatus sp.nov.

Scape as long as wide; frons and vertex smooth; surface of propodeum

smooth with complete mid longitudinal carina; 2nd-6th metasomal

tergites longitudinally rugulose; ovipositor sheaths very short about

0.2 times the length of metasoma -punctatus sp.nov.

Eutropobracon granulatus sp.nov.

(Figs. 12-15)

Female : Brownish black; antenna, legs and ovipositor brown; stemmaticum, tips of mandible, tarsal claws and ovipositor sheaths black; ocelli transparent; wings hyaline, venations and pterostigma brown.

Head : Antenna 26 segmented, flagellomeres with many thyloids (Fig. 13), scape two times as long as wide, pedicel as long as wide, length of 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd, 4th and penultimate segments 2.0, 1.6 and 1.6 times their width respectively (Fig. 13); length of maxillary palp 0.86 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 2.0 times temple; frons, vertex and face granulate; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 3:3:3:5; length of malar space 0.55 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.66 times its height; mesopleuron, mesoscutum and scutellum granulate; surface of propodeum granulate, median carina not complete, about half of the length of propodeum (Fig. 14).

Wings : Fore wing veins r: 3-SR : SRI = 7:18:27; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m : = 12:18:6; 1-SR short and straight; 1-SR+M straight.

Legs : Hind coxa granulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.65, 9.0 and 4.0 times their width respectively; length of hind tibial spurs both 0.25 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Length of 1st tergite as long as wide, its surface granulate, dorso-lateral carina unite anteriorly (Fig. 12); 2nd-6th tergites granulate; median length of 3rd tergite 1.4 times median length of 2nd

tergite; 2nd suture narrowly crenulate (Fig. 12); ovipositor long; length of

ovipositor sheaths 0.5 times forewing and 0.9 times the length of metasoma.

Length : 3.30 mm, fore wing 3.0 mm Male : Unknown Holotype : (J, INDIA : Bihar, Begusarai, Gurdaspur, 10.vi.l998, on light, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Remarks : The new species Eutropobracon granulatus sp.nov. is closely related to E. indicus Ayyar. However, it differs in having (i) frons, vertex and face granulate (ii) mesopleuron, mesoscutum and scutellum granulate (iii) surface of propodeum granulate, (iv) length of 1st metasomal tergite as long as its apical width (v)2nd-6th metasomal tergites granulate (vi) median length of 3rd metasomal tergite 1.4 times median length of 2nd tergite and (vii) ovipositor sheaths shorter than the metasoma.

Eutrophobracon indicus Ayyar Eutropobracon indicus Ayyar, 1928: 40-41; original designation; Shenefelt, 1978: 1498; Achterberg, 1984: 147. Bracon koshuensis Watanabe, 1934; Monobasic and original designation Syn. by Fahringer, 1942.

Material examined : 1 Q, INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Ponnur, 31.vii. 1998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host:Unknown

Distribution : INDIA : South India

Eutropobracon punctatus sp.nov.

(Figs. 16-23)

Female : Blackish brown; face, legs and ovipositor brown; antenna, frons, vertex and ovipositor sheaths dark brown; tips of mandible and eyes black; ocelli transparent; wings hyaline, venations brown and pterostigma dark brown.

Head : Antenna 23 segmented, flagellomeres with many thyloids (Fig. 19), scape and pedicel as long as wide (Fig. 20), length of 3rd segment 1.25 times 4th segment (Fig. 20), length of 3rd, 4th and penultimate segments 2.5, 2.0 and 2.0 times their width respectively (Fig. 20), terminal segment 3.5 times their width (Fig. 19); length of maxillary palp as long as height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 1.8 times temple (Fig. 16); frons, vertex and face somewhat smooth except the area above clypeus very finely punctulate; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 2:2:2 : 5; length of malar space 0.75 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.9 times its height; mesopleuron smooth and shining; mesoscutum smooth and very finely punctulate, scutellum smooth; propodeum smooth with complete mid longitudinal carina (Fig. 17).

Wings : Fore wing veins r : 3-SR : SRI = 5 : 10 : 29; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 8:10:5; 1-SR short and straight; 1-SR + M straight (Fig. 22).

Legs : Hind coxa smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.0, 6.5 and 5.5 times their width respectively; hind spurs both very short.

Metasoma : Length of 1st tergite 0.8 times its apical width, its lateral sides and posterior area rugulose, while median triangular area strongly flat, smooth and shining, dorso-lateral carina behind spiracle distinctly concave and lamelliform (Fig. 18); 2nd-6th tergites longitudinally rugulose; median length of 3rd tergite 0.64 times median length of 2nd tergite; 2nd suture narrowly crenulate (Fig. 18); ovipositor very small (Fig.23), length of ovipositor sheaths 0.10 times forewing and about 0.2 times the length of metasoma.

Length : 2.325 mm, fore wing 2.375 mm.

Male : Unknown

Holotype : O INDIA : Bihar, Begusarai, Gurdaspur, 10.vi. 1998, on light, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Remarks : The new species Eulropobracon punciatus sp.nov. is closely related to E. indicus and E. granulatus sp.nov.. However, it differs in having (i) frons, vertex and face smooth (ii) mesopleuron, mesoscutum and scutellum smooth (iii) length of 1st metasomal tergite slightly shorter than its apical width (iv) 2nd-6th metasomal tergites longitudinally rugulose (v) scape as long as wide (vi) ovipositor sheaths very short, about 0.2 times the length of metasoma.

Subtribe Braconina Nees

Braconina Nees, 1812 : 3 Type-genus : Bracon Fabricius, 1804 : 102 Braconina Nees; Achterberg, 1984 : 1 Braconina Nees; Quicke, 1987 : 104

Diagnosis : Metasomal tergites 1st and 2nd movably joined, not fused laterally and not separated by a crenulate suture, sometimes the antero-lateral corners of the 2nd tergite are produced anteriorly beyond the posterior margin of the 1st tergite but then a membranous lateral extension of the flexible connection is clearly visible; forewing vein SRI reaching wing margin more than 0.7 of the way from the apex of the pterostigma to the wing tip, or if intermediate then the labiomaxillary complex is elongate; fore wing vein 1-SR+M usually more or less straight; fore wing vein 3-CUl longer than CUlb.

The subtribe Braconina Nees is represented by thirteen genera from India. A key to the Indian genera of the subtribe is also proposed.

Key to the Indian genera of the subtribe Braconina Nees

1. Clypeus may or may not be separated from the face by a carina; base of hind wing usually densely setose 2

Clypeus not separated from the face by a carina; base of hind wing not densely setose 5

2. Metasoma highly sculptured 3

Metasoma more or less smooth 4

3. Fore wing vein 3-SR less than 1.5 times longer than vein r; fore wing vein 2-SR+M relatively long Habrobracon Ashmead

Fore wing vein 3-SR more than 1.6 times longer than vein r; fore wing vein 2-SR+M shorter Bracon Fabricius

4. Fore tarsus long, often more than 1.7 times longer than the fore tibia; mandibles not protruding -Atanycolus Foerster

Fore tarsus simple, less than 1.4 times the fore tibia; mandibles

protruding and twisted, the dorsal tooth much longer than ventral one Simra Quicke

5. Propodeum with a complete mid-longitudinal carina 6

Propodeum without mid longitudinal carina 8

6. Posterior margin of 6th metasomal tergite with a narrow deep median incision Testudobracon Quicke

Posterior margin of 6th metasomal tergite without incision 7

7. Notauli well developed along their entire length; 1st metasomal tergite with a mid-longitudinal carina and steep anteriorly Cassidibracon Quicke

Notauli present only anteriorly; 1st metasomal tergite without a mid- longitudinal carina and anteriorly not steep Pseudoshirakia Achterberg

8. 2nd metasomal suture crenulate; 2nd metasomal tergite with or without a mid-basal triangular area 9

2nd metasomal suture not crenulate; 2nd metasomal tergite without mid-basal triangular area 11

9. Posterior margin of 5th metasomal tergite with a distinct medial semicircular emargination 10

Posterior margin of 5th metasomal tergite without semicircular emargination Pachybracon Cameron

10. Posterior margin of 5th metasomal tergite broadly emarginate; tarsal claws with large basal lobes; without metapleural flange Chelonogastra Ashmead

Posterior margin of 5th metasomal tergite narrowly emarginate;

tarsal claws with poorly developed basal lobes; with a metapleural flange Ectemnoplax Enderlein

11. Fore wing vein 2-SR+M at least 0.85 times the length of 3-SR; notauli deeply impressed, nearly meeting posteriorly where they are crenulate Tropohracon Cameron

Fore wing vein 2-SR+M less than 0.8 times the length of 3-SR; notauli weakly impressed, not meeting posteriorly and are not crenulate 12

12. Metasomal tergites 3 to 5 with clearly defined antero-lateral furrows defining the antero-lateral areas and with well developed sub- posterior grooves syntomernus Enderlein

Metasomal tergites 3 to 5 never with defined antero-lateral furrows and also not defining the antero-lateral areas as well as sub-posterior grooves Myosoma Brulle

Genus Atanycolus Foerster

Atanycolns Foerster, 1862 : 238 Type-species : Ichneumon denigrator Linnaeus, 1758; Monobasic & original designation Coelohracon Thomson, 1892 : 1787 Type-species : Ichneumon denigralor Linnaeus, 1758; Monobasic; Synonymy by Dalla Torre, 1898 Melanobracon Ashmead, 1900 : 138 Type-species : Bracon simplex Cresson, 1872; Monobasic & original designation; Synonymy by Szepligeti, 1904

AtanycoUdea Viereck, 1912 : 167

Type-species : Bracon rugosiventris Ashmead, (1888) 1889; Monobasic & original designation); Synonymy by Shenefelt, 1943.

Diagnosis : Scapus narrowed basally; pedicellus more or less petiolate; pre-coxal suture absent; fore wing vein 3-CUl not expanded; hind wing vein Ir-m curved, shorter than vein SC+Rl; length of fore tarsus more than 1.7 times fore tibia; claws without pointed basal lobes; ovipositor with a pre-apical dorsal nodus and ventral serrations.

The genus Atanycolus Foerster is represented by 5 species from Indo-Australian region, of which A. initiator (Fabricius) is the only species reported from India (Shenefelt, 1978).

Atanycolus initiator (Fabricius)

Ichneumon initiator Yd^ixiciviS, 1793 : 161 Bracon initiator (fdAyxicins); Fabricius, 1804 : 110 Bracon (Coeloides) /w/V/o/or (Fabricius); Blanchard, 1840 : 341 Coelaides initiator (Fabricius); Haliday, 1840 in Westwood : 64 Doryctes initiator (Fabricius); Brischke, 1882 : 137 Coelobracon initiator (Fabricius); Szepligeti, 1896 : 168 Coeloides (Atanycolus) initiator (Fahncius); Marshall, 1897 .119 Atanycolus /w/V/a/o/* (Fabricius); Szepligeti, 1901 : 177 Atanycolus initiator (Fabricius); Beeson, 1941 : 365

Material examined :4 (^(^, 1 (j, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 15.x. 1980, Coll. Shujauddin (ZDAMU). Host : Tetropium oreinum L. Distribution : INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal

Genus Bracon Fabricius

Bracon Fabricius, 1804 : 102 Type-species: Ichneumon minutator Fabricius, 1798 : 225; Designated by International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, 1945; Opinion 162. Microbracon Ashmead, 1890 : 15 Type-species : Microbracon sulcifrons Ashmead, 1890; Monobasic; synonymy by Hincks, 1943 Amicoplidae Ashmead, 1900 : 118 Type-species : Zele pallidiventris Provancher, 1880; Monobasic and original designation; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1956. Macrodyctium Ashmead, 1900 : 138 Type-species : Bracon euurae Ashmead, 1889; Monobasic and original designation; synonymy by Szepligeti, 1904 Tropidobracon Ashmead, 1900 : 139 Type-species : Bracon gastroideae Ashmead, 1889; Monobasic and original designation; synonymy by Szepligeti, 1904 Liobracon (Ashmead) Nason, 1905 : 298 Type-species : Bracon nuperus Cresson, 1872; Designated by Viereck, 1914; synonymy by Viereck, 1914 Seliodus Brethes, 1909 : 226 Type-species : Seliodus testaceus Brethes, 1909; synonymy by Quicke & Sharkey, 1989. Microbracon Ashmead; Ayyar, 1924 : 354; 1925 : 487; 1928 : 41 Microbracon Ashmead; Muesebeck, 1925 : 3 Bracon Fabricius; Mason, 1978 : 723 Bracon Fabricius; Quicke, 1987 : 104; 1997 : 155

Diagnosis : Antenna usually with more than 20 flagellomeres; fore wing vein 3-SR more than 1.6 times longer than vein r, vein 2-SR+M short, base of hind wing usually densely setose; tarsal claws simple with large pointed basal lobe; median area of metanotum usually with only a short anterior carina; propodeum variable; ovipositor with a distinct pre- apical dorsal notch or nodus and usually with well developed apico-ventral serrations.

The genus Bracon Fabricius is represented by 60 species from Indo-Australian region, of which only 11 species have been reported from India. A key to the Indian species of the genus is also proposed.

Key to the Indian species of the genus Bracon Fabricius

1. Red and dark coloured with fuscous or fusco-hyaline wings. 2

Reddish or reddish-yellow with hyaline or yellowish-hay line wings~5

2. Ovipositor as long as metasoma; wings fusco-hyaline. 3

Ovipositor longer than the metasoma; wings fuscous 4

3. Metasoma smooth and shining; fore wing vein 3-SR a little more than two and a half times the length of the vein r. chilocicla (Ayyar)

Metasoma coarsely punctate; forewing vein 3-SR a little more than three times the length of the vein r. -pongamiaensis Shenefelt

4. Ovipositor slightly longer than the body; metasoma minutely punctate and striated; wings light fuscous quettaensis Cameron

Ovipositor slightly shorter than the body; 1st metasomal tergite longitudinally striated, 2nd tergite irregularly rugosely punctate and

Others coarsely punctate; wings uniformly dark fuscous.

— - -punjabensis Cameron

5. Metasoma maculate 6

Metasoma immaculate 8

6. 2nd metasomal suture crenulate; body reddish; wings yellowish- hyaline lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough)

2nd metasomal suture without crenulate; body reddish yellow; wings hyaline 7

7. 2nd metasomal tergite finely and sparsely punctate; 2nd submarginal cell of fore wing long and narrow; antenna greyish to reddish brown— gelechidiphagus (Ayyar)

2nd metasomal tergite strongly and coarsely punctate; 2nd submarginal cell of fore wing relatively small; antenna black tachardiae Cameron

8. 2nd metasomal suture distinct; wings hyaline. 9

2nd metasomal suture weakly defined; wings yellowish hyaline 10

9. 2nd and 3rd metasomal tergites coarsely reticulate; 2nd submarginal cell of fore wing longer than the first greeni Ashmead

2nd and 3rd metasomal tergites coarsely punctate; 2nd submarginal cell of fore wing shorter than the first iridipennis Cameron

10. 2nd submarginal cell of fore wing shorter than the first; mesoscutum sparsely punctate; notauli weakly defined; ovipositor short, about half the length of metasoma melleus (Ayyar)

2nd submarginal cell of fore wing longer than the first; mesoscutum

finely puntate; notauli shallow and hairy; ovipositor as long as metasoma incarnatus (Ayyar)

Bracon gelechidiphagus (Ayyar)

Microbracon gelechidiphagus Ayyar, 1928 : 47 Microbracon gelechidiphagus Ayyar; Thompson, 1953 : 143 Bracon gelechidiphagus Ayyar; Sohi, 1964 : 131 Bracon gelechidiphagus Ayyar; Clausen et al., 1965 : 52

Material examined : 2 00, 3 (5(5, INDIA : Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 5.i.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Pectinophora gossypiella Saud., Phthorimaea blapsigona (Meyr.).

Distribution : INDIA : Simla, South India.

Bracon greeni Ashmead

Bracon greeni Ashmead, 1896 : 645 Bracon greeni Ashmead; Cameron, 1912 : 91 Bracon greeni Ashmead; Ayyar, 1924 : 354 Bracon greeni Ashmead; Negi et al., 1945 : 37 Bracon greeni Ashmead; Cherian & Kylasam, 1947 : 658 Bracon greeni Ashmead; Bose, 1948 : 9 Bracon greeni Ashmead; Subramanian, 1959 : 460

Material examined : 3 QQ, 4 INDIA : Bihar, Begusarai, 17.xi.l998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Earias fabia Stoll., Earias imulana Boisd., Eublemma amabilis Moore.

Distribution : INDIA : Bihar, Jharkhand, South India,

Uttaranchal.

Bracon incarnatus (Ayyar)

Microbracon incarnatus Ayyar, 1928 : 48 Microbracon incarnatus Ayyar; Thompson, 1953 : 145 Bracon incarnatus Ayyar; Shenefelt, 1978 : 1493

Material examined : 4 QQ, 1 O? INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,

29.iv.1998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Dactylethra Candida Staint.

Distribution : INDIA : South India, Uttar Pradesh.

Bracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough)

Rogas lefroyi Dudgeon & Gough, (1912) 1914 : 109 Microbracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough); Brues, 1920 : 1026 Microbracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough); Husain & Mathur, 1921 : 298 Microbracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough); Ayyar, 1924 : 354 Microbracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough); Ayyar, 1927 : 74 Microbracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough); Ayyar, 1928 : 42 Bracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough); Khan & Verma, 1946 : 41 Bracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough); Cherian & Kylasam, 1947:658

Bracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough); Puttarudriah & Channa Basavanna, 1956: 28

Material examined : 9 ^g, 3 d(S, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh,

Aligarh, 20.vi.l998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Adisura atkimoni Moore, Alcides affaber L., Alcides leopardus 01., Crocidolomia binotatis Zell., Earias fabia StoU., Earias insulana Boisd., Heliothes obsoleta L., Pectinophora gossypiella Saud., Phthorimaea blapsigona (Meyr.), Kabila frontalis Wlk.

Distribution : Throughout India.

Bracon melleus (Ayyar)

Microbracon melleus Ayyar, 1928 : 48 Microbracon melleus Ayyar; Thompson, 1953 : 147 Bracon melleus (Ayyar); Shenefelt, 1978 : 1508 Material examined : 3 Q^, 1 (J, INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, 26.xii.1997, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Crocidolomia binotalis Zell.

Distribution : INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu.

Bracon pongamiaensis Shenefelt Microbracon pictus Ayyar, 1928: 50; Preoccupied in Bracon by Bracon pictus Brulle, 1846. Bracon pongamiaensis Shenefelt, 1978 : 1527; Replacement name forM pictus Ayyar, 1928, not B. pictus Brulle, 1846.

Material examined : 5 Op^ 2 dJ)f INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, 13.i.1988, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider. Host : Pyralid larva Distribution ; INDIA .Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu

Bracon punjabensis Cameron

Bracon punjabensis Cameron, 1902 : 432 Bracon punjabensis Cameron; Szepligeti, 1904 : 37 Bracon punjabensis Cameron; Ayyar, 1924 : 355

Material examined : 3 QQ, 2 d&, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 22.iv. 1998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host: Unknown

Distribution : INDIA : Punjab, Simla, Uttar Pradesh.

Bracon tachardiae Cameron

Bracon tachardiae Cameron, 1912 : 106 Bracon tachardiae Cameron; Ayyar, 1924 : 355 Bracon tachardiae Cameron; Misra et al., 1930 : 431 Bracon tachardiae Cameron; Narayanan & Thakare, 1955 : 299 Material examined : 3 ^Q, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 15.X.1980, Qx Acrocercops sp. on Arjun leaf, Coll. Shujauddin (ZDAMU).

Host : Acrocercops sp., Eublema amabilis Moore, Tachardia albizziae (Or.).

Distribution : INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh.

Genus Habrobracon Ashmead

Habrobracon Ashmead, 1895 : 324 Type-species : Bracon gelechiae Ashmead (1888) 1889; Designated by Viereck, 1914.

Habrobracon Ashmead; Mason, 1978 : 723

Habrobracon Ashmead; Quicke, 1987 : 115 Habrobracon Ashmead; Quicke & Sharkey, 1989 ; 349 Habrobracon Ashmead; Quicke, 1997 : 155

Diagnosis : Antenna usually fewer than 20 flagellomeres, usually shorter than the fore wing; fore wing vein SR1 reaching wing margin more than 0.7 of the way from the apex of the pterostigma to the wing tip; forewing vein 3-SR less than 1.5 times longer than vein r, vein 2-SR+M relatively long, vein r often distinctly sinuate, vein 3-CUl much longer than CUlb; tarsal claws simple with large basal lobe; median area of metanotum usually with only a short anterior carina; propodeum variable; ovipositor with a distinct pre-apical dorsal nodus and with well developed apico-ventral serrations.

The genus Habrobracon Ashmead is represented by 6 species from Indo-Australian region, hwoever,only 4 species have been reported from India (Shenefelt, 1978). In the present work, a new species of the genus H. bicolor sp.nov. has been described from India and a key to the Indian species of the genus is also proposed.

Key to the Indian species of the genus Habrobracon Ashmead

1. Mesoscutum, scutellum, lateral sides of pronotum and mesopleuron punctate or reticulate 2

Mesoscutum, scutellum, lateral sides of pronotum and mesopleuron smooth and shining 4

2. Propodeum without a mid-longitudinal carina; flagellomeres longer than wide; head and mesosoma black 3

Propodeum with posteriorly incomplete mid-longitudinal carina;

flagellomeres as long as wide, except 1st and 2nd; head and mesosoma brown bicolor sp.nov.

3. First flagellomere 2 times longer than wide; ovipositor sheaths at least half as long as metasoma; entire body is coarsely punctate gelechiae (Ashmead)

First flagellomere more than twice as long as wide; ovipositor sheaths less than half as long as metasoma; head and mesosoma finely punctate and metasoma reticulate -xanthonotus (Ashmead)

4. Antenna of female 13-15 segmented, of male 18-23 segmented; first flagellar segment of male antenna distinctly longer than the second, the segments beyond the first very little longer than the broad; metasoma smooth and shining, rarely punctate hebator (Say)

Antenna of female 17-19 segmented, very rarely 16 segmented, of male 20-27 segmented; first flagellar segment of male antenna not distinctly longer than the second, the segments beyond the first one- half times as long as broad; 3rd-5th metasomal tergites distinctly punctate brevicornis (Wesmael)

Habrobracon bicolor sp.nov. (Figs. 24-31)

Female : Brown; eyes, tips of mandible and stemmaticum black; ocelli transparent; wings basal-half infuscate and than hyaline, venations and pterostigma brown.

Head : Antenna (Fig. 26) 15 segmented, length of 3rd segment

1.25 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segment 1.6 and 1.3 times their width respectively, penultimate segments as long as wide; length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 2.0 times temple (Fig. 24); AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 2:2: 1:4; frons, vertex and face punctate; frons without median groove; length of malar space as long as basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma ; Length of mesosoma 2.1 times its height; mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum punctate; notauli distinct (Fig. 25); scutellar sulcus wide, anteriorly crenulate; propodeum granulate, posteriorly incomplete a mid-longitudinal carina (Fig. 25).

Wings : Fore wing (Fig. 28) veins r: 3-SR : SRI = 3 : 7 : 23; 1-SR+M straight; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 7 : 7 : 4; cu-a interstitial.

Legs : Hind coxa smooth and shining; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.0, 8.0 and 4.0 times their width respectively (Fig. 29); length of hind tibial spurs both 0.33times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Length of 1st tergite as long as its apical width (Fig. 27), dorso-lateral carina crenulate, medially smooth, laterally punctate; rest of the metasomal tergites granulate; ovipositor with a distinct pre-apical dorsal nodus and with well developed apico-ventral serrations (Fig. 31); ovipositor sheaths about 0.6 times the length of metasoma.

Length : 2.35 mm, fore wing 2.325 mm.

Male : Similar to female.

Holotype : (^, INDIA : Punjab, Ludhiana, 8.viii.l997, Coll.

Ahmad Samiuddin; Paratype : 10 QQ, 7 with same data as holotype.

Remarks : The new species Habrobracon bicolor sp.nov. is closely related to H. gelechiae (Ashmead). However, it differs in having (i) first flagellomere less than twice as long as wide (ii) propodeum granulate (iii) metasomal tergites granulate, except the 1st i.e. medially smooth and laterally punctate (iv) ovipositor sheaths more than half the length of metasoma.

Habrobracon brevicornis (Wesmael)

Bracon brevicornis Wesmael, 1838 : 23 Bracon brevicornis Wesmael; Marshall, 1872 : 96 //o6roZ?raco/7 6rev/cor«/5 (Wesmael); Szepligeti, 1901 : 181 Habrobracon brevicornis (Wesmael); Whiting, 1918 : 250 Habrobracon brevicornis (Wesmael); Cushman, 1922: 122 Microbracon brevicornis (Wesmael); Muesebeck, 1925: 33 Habrobracon brevicornis (Wesmael); Fahringer, 1934: 344 Bracon brevicornis Wesmael; Lai, 1947: 85 Habrobracon brevicornis (Wesmael); Telenga, 1949 : 382 Habrobracon brevicornis (Wesmael); Narayanan & Subba Rao, 1955: 51

Material examined : 11 ^5, 5 (?d^ INDIA : West Bengal, Kalyani, 20.ii. 1997, Coll. Sanjeev Chakraborty

Host : Adisura atkinsoni Moore, Corcyra cephalonica Staint., Epheslia cauiella Wlk., Malcha ornalipennis Zell., Pectinophora gossypiella Saud.

Distribution : INDIA : Delhi, Jharkhand, Uttaranchal, South

India, West Bengal.

Habrobracon gelechiae (Ashmead)

Bracon gelechiae Ashmead, (1888) 1889 : 623 Bracon noiaticeps Ashmead (1888) 1889 : 624; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1925 Habrobracon gelechiae (Ashmead); Johnson, 1895 : 324 Habrobracon johannseni Viereck, 1912 : 622; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1925 Habrobracon tetralophae Viereck, 1912: 623; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1925 Habrobracon diversicolor Viereck, 1921: 174; synonymy by Muesebeck & Walkley, 1951 Microbracon gelechiae (Ashmead); Muesebeck, 1925 : 26 Bracon gelechiae Ashmead; Narayanan & Subba Rao, 1955: 36 Habrobracon gelechiae (Ashmead); Mason, 1978 : 723 Material examined : 4 QQ, 1 O, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 20.viii.l981, ex.Leaf Webber on Sesbania sp., Shujauddin (ZDAMU).

Host : Scirpophaga nivella F., Chilo zonellus S., Plusia orichalcea F., Leaf Webber on Sesbania Sp.

Distribution : INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, South India.

Habrobracon hebator (Say)

Bracon hebator Say, 1836 : 252 Bracon dorsator Say, 1836: 253; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1925

Habrobracon hebator (Say); Johnson, 1895 : 324

Bracon (Habrobracon) hebator (Say) : Chittenden, 1897 : 38 Microbracon hebator (Say); Chittenden, 1911: 1 Habrobracon beneficientor Viereck, 1911: 182; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1925 Microbracon hebator (Say); Muesebeck, 1925: 31 Habrobracon hebafor (Say); Watanabe, 1933: 245 Habrobracon turkestanicus Telenga, 1936: 131; synonymy by Tobias, 1958 Bracon hebator (Say); Lai, 1947: 85 Bracon (Microbracon) hebator (Say); Roy & Krishnaswamy, 1961: 69 Habrobracon hebator (Say); Mason, 1978 ; 723

Material examined : 25 (J(^, 15 ob^ INDIA : Uttranchal,

Pantnagar, 17.iv.l966, Coll. Majid AH Khan

Host : Antigastra catalaunalis Dup., Eublemma amabilis

Moore., H. scitula Ramb., Holcocera pulverea Meyr., Gnorimoschema operciilella Zell.

Distribution : INDIA : Delhi, Jharkhand, Uttaranchal, South India.

Habrobracon xanthonotus (Ashmead)

Bracon xanthonotus Ashmead, (1888) 1889 : 618

Habrobracon hopkinsi Viereck, 1910 : 380; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1925

Habrobracon ma/i Viereck, 1913 : 641; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1925 Habrobracon xanthonotus (Ashmead); Cushman, 1914: 105

Microbracon xanthonotus (Ashmead); Muesebeck, 1925: 30

Habrobracon xanthonotiis (Ashmead); Mason, 1978 : 723.

Material examined : 2 q(^ 5 O&f INDIA : Bihar, Begusarai, 20.ix.l977, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Unknown

Distribution : INDIA : Bihar, Punjab

Genus Myosoma Brulle

Myosoma Brulle, 1846 : 450 Type-species : Myosoma hirtipes Brulle, 1846; Designated by Viereck, 1914 Acanthobracon Kriechbaumer, 1900 : 100 Type-species : Acanthobracon lagopus Kriechbaumer, 1900; Monobasic; Synonymy by Schulz, 1903. Amyosoma Viereck, 1913 : 640 Type-species : Amyosoma chilonis Viereck, 1913; Synonymy by Mason, 1978.

Diagnosis : Clypeus not separated from the face by a carina; notauli distinct; scutellar sulcus smooth and shallow; median area of metanotum simple, hardly forming a point or carinae anteriorly; 2nd submarginal ceil of forewing rather long; 2nd metasomal tergite without a mid-basal triangular area; ovipositor shorter than the body.

The genus Myosoma Brulle is represented by 6 species from Indo-Australian region. So far only M. chinensis (Szepligeti) is known from India (Shenefelt, 1978; Quicke, 1989).

Myosoma chinensis (Szepligeti)

Bracon chinensis Szepligeti, 1902 : 39 Bracon (Glohrobracon) chinesnsis Szepligeti; Fahringer, 1928: 445 Bracon (Amyosoma) chinensis (Szepligeti); Watanabe, 1932: 65 Myosoma chinensis (Szepligeti); Quicke, 1989 : 1

Material examined : INDIA : West Bengal, Nadia, Kalyani, 15.xi. 1999, Coll. Arshad AH Haider.

Host : Chilo suppressalis Wlk., Chilotraea infascalellus (Snellen).

Distribution : INDIA : Bihar, West Bengal

Genus Pachybracon Cameron

Pachybracon Cameron, 1908 : 295 Type-species : Pachybracon foriipes Cameron, 1908; Monobasic Udamolcia Enderlein (1918) 1920 : 117 Type-species : Udamolcia albescens Enderlein, (1918) 1920; Synonymy by Quicke, 1984

Diagnosis : Eyes hairy; notauli distinctly impressed anteriorly; propodeum simple or with a crenulate posterior margin, with or without a mid-longitudinal carina; wings are milky-white apically and dark-fuscous basally; tarsal claws with a large pointed basal lobe; 2nd metasomal suture impressed and crenulate; ovipositor smoothly expanded pre-apically, but without an obtuse, triangular, dorsal pre-apical projection or notch and not apico-ventrally serrate.

The genus Pachybracon Cameron is represented by 3 species

from Indo-Australian region, of which only P. fortipes Cameron is

reported from India (Shenefelt, 1978; Quicke, 1984). In the present work

two new species of the genus viz., P. biharemis sp.nov. and P. aligarhemis

sp.nov. have been described from India and a key to the Indian species is

proposed.

Key to the Indian species of the genus Pachybracon Cameron

1. Fore wing vein cu-a post-furcal; 2nd metasomal suture narrow and

coarsely crenulate; ovipositor sheaths 0.5 times the length of

metasoma biharensis sp.nov.

- Fore wing vein cu-a interstitial; 2nd metasomal suture wide and widely

crenulate; ovipositor sheaths as long as or more than the length of

metasoma 2

2. Propodeum with a mid-longitudinal carina; ovipositor sheaths as long

as metasoma -fortipes Cameron

Propodeum without a mid-longitudinal carina; ovipositor sheath about 2 times as long as metasoma aligarhensis sp.nov.

Pachybracon aligarhensis sp.nov.

(Fig. 32-38)

Female : Brownish-yellow; antenna and ovipositor sheaths light brown; tips of mandible and claws black; eyes grey; ocelli transparent; wings milky-white apically and dark-fuscous basally, veins brown, pterostigma dark-brown.

Head : Antenna 22 segmented; length of 3rd segment l.l times

4th segment, length of 3rd, 4th and penultimate segments 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5 times their width respectively (Fig. 38); length of maxillary palp 1.13 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 1.7 times temple (Fig. 33); AOL: POL : 0OD : OOL = 3:3:2:6; frons, vertex and face postulate; frons weakly convex with medial groove (Fig. 33); length of malar space as long as basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.6 times its height; middle lobe of mesoscutum smooth and shining, lateral lobes crenulate; scutellum crenulate; metanotum medially crenulate; propodeum smooth and shining, without mid-longitudinal carina, posterior margin weakly crenulate (Fig. 34).

Wings : Fore wing (Fig.32) veins r : 3-SR : SRI = 7 : 14 : 23; 1-SR+M straight; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 12 : 14 : 7; cu-a interstitial.

Legs : Hind coxa smooth and shining; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.5, 7.4 and 4.3 times their width respectively (Fig. 36); length of hind tibial spurs both 0.6 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Length of 1st tergite about 0.8 times its apical width, reticulate, dorso-lateral carina crenulate and unite anteriorly (Fig. 35); 2nd tergite rugose, with distinct small mid-basal triangular area which formed posteriorly into short carina (Fig.35); 2nd metasomal suture wide and widely crenulate (Fig. 35); rest of the tergites granulate; ovipositor sheaths about 2 times the length of metasoma (Fig.37).

Length : 3.0 mm, fore wing 2.8 mm.

Male : Similar to female, except the antenna 23 segmented.

Holotype : Q INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 8.viii.2002, Coll.

Arshad Ali Haider; Paratype iicfwith same data as holotype.

Remarks : The new species Pachybracon aligarhensis sp.nov. is closely related to P.fortipes Cameron. However, it differs in having, (i) face, frons and vertex postulate (ii) fore wing vein 2-SR not curved (iii) propodeum without mid-longitudinal carina, (iv) ovipositor sheaths about 2 times as long as metasoma.

Pachybracon biharensis sp.nov. (Figs. 39-46)

Female : Blackish-brown; antenna dark brown; stemmaticum, frons and vertex black; ocelli transparent; eyes grey; tips of mandible black; wings milky-white apically and dark-fuscous basally, veins and pterostigma brown; tarsus of hind legs brown, claws black.

Head : Antenna 29 segmented; length of third segment 1.25 times 4th segment, length of 3rd, 4th and penultimate segments 2.5, 2.0 and 2.0 times their width respectively (Fig. 45); length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 1.57 times temple (Fig. 40); AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 3 :3:2:5; frons, vertex and face smooth and shining; frons without median groove; length of malar space as long as basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height; middle lobe of mesoscutum smooth and shining, lateral lobes crenulate; scutellum and metanotum crenulate; propodeum granulate, without a mid-longitudinal carina, narrowed posteriorly (Fig.41).

Wings : Fore wing (Fig.39) vein r : 3-SR : SRI = 7 : 15 : 25;

1-SR+M straight; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 10 : 15 : 7; cu-a post-furcal.

Legs : Hind coxa smooth and shining; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 2.6, 7.0 and 6.0 times their width respectively (Fig. 43); length of hind tibial spurs both 0.5 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Length of 1st tergite as long as its apical width, dorso-lateral carina crenulate and unite anteriorly (Fig. 42), median area reticulate, remaining area smooth; rest of the metasomal tergites alutaceous; 2nd metasomal suture narrow and coarsely crenulate (Fig. 42); ovipositor sheaths about 0.5 times the length of metasoma.

Length : 3.125 mm, fore wing 2.9 mm.

Male : Unknown

Holotype : Q, INDIA : Bihar, Begusarai, 10.xi. 1998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; Paratype : 17 QQ with same data as holotype.

Remarks : The new species Pachybracon biharemis sp.nov. is closely related to P. aligarhemis sp.nov. However, it differs in having (i) face, frons and vertex smooth and shining (ii) fore wing vein cu-a post- furcal (iii) propodeum granulate (iv) 2nd metasomal tergite alutaceous and without a mid-basal triangular area (v)2nd metasomal suture narrow and coarsely crenulate (vi) ovipositor sheaths shorter than the metasoma.

Pachybracon fortipes Cameron Pachybraon fortipes Cameron, 1908 :295

Material examined : 13 qO^, 8 (jb^ INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 10.vii.l997, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Unknown

Distribution : South India, Uttar Pradesh

Genus Pseudoshirakia Achterberg

Pseudoshirakia Achterberg, 1983 : 74 Type-species : Bracon yokohamensis Cameron, 1910; Monobasic and original designation Pseudoshirakia : Quicke, 1987 : 125

Diagnosis : Scape subcylindrical, apically truncate in dorsal aspect; notauli present but posterior quarter absent; scutellar sulcus smooth; metanotum crenulate medially; propodeum without mid longitudinal carinae; forewing veins C+SC+R and 1-SR forming an angle of less than 90°, marginal cell narrow apically, vein SRI straight, cu-a interstitial or virtually so, CUlb short; tarsal claws with pointed basal lobes, apex of fore tibia with only one spur; metasomal tergite smooth or coarsely reticulate; antero-dorsal aspect of tergite first steep.

The genus Pseudoshirakia Achterberg is represented by a single species from Indo-Australian region (Achterberg, 1983) and is reported for the fust time from India. In the present work, three new species viz., P. aligarhensis sp.nov., P. biharensis sp.nov. and P. bengalensis sp.nov. have been described and illsutrated from India. A key to the Indian species of the genus is also proposed.

Key to the Indian species of the genus Pseudoshirakia Achterberg

I. Ovipositor with a distinct pre-apical dorsal nodus and with well developed apico-ventral serrations; metasomal tergites largely smooth

and shining; suture between 2nd and 3rd tergite not crenulate biharensis sp.nov.

Ovipositor without pre-apical dorsal nodus and without apico-ventral serrations; metasomal tergites coarsely reticulate; suture between 2nd and 3rd tergite widely crenulate 2.

2. Forewing vein 1-SR+M straight; 2nd tergite with well defined antero lateral areas; frons and vertex punctulate hengalensis sp.nov.

Forewing vein 1-SR+M distinctly curved; 2nd tergite without antero lateral areas; frons and vertex smooth and shining aligarhensis sp.nov.

Pseudoshirakia aligarhensis sp.nov. (Figs. 47-52)

Female : Head black; antenna dark brown; ocelli transparent; eyes grey; tips of mandible black; mesosoma brown except propodeum black; wings infuscate, venations brown, pterostigma dark brown; legs black, tibial spurs brown; metasoma completely black; ovipositor brown; ovipositor sheaths dark brown.

Head : Antenna 44 segmented; length of third antennal segment 1.6 times fourth segment (Fig. 52); length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.0, 1.25 and 1.33 times their width respectively; length of apical segment 3.0 times their width (Fig.51); length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 1.2 times temple; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 3:3:3:8; frons smooth, shining with mid longitudinal carina; vertex smooth and shining; face flat, densely setose, finally

rugulose; clypeus almost flat and ventral margin protruding; length of

malar space as long as basal width of mandible; mandible with pair of subequal teeth.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 2.3 times its height; mesoscutum smooth, mesoscutal lobes convex, notauli anteriorly distinct; scutellum smooth; mesopleuron medially smooth, anteriorly somewhat rugulose, episternal scrobe wide and deep; metapleuron rugulose; propodeum smooth.

Wings : Fore wing vein 1-SR long and curved (Fig.48); r:

3-SR : SRI = 9:32:43; 1-SR+M distinctly bent or curved (Fig. 48); 2-SR :

3-SR : r-m = 13 : 32 : 14.

Legs : Hind coxa punctulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus

of hind leg 3.6, 7.0 and 4.4 times their width respectively (Fig. 49); hind

tibial spurs 0.45 and 0.36 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Tergites 1-5 coarsely reticulate; tergite 6th smooth;

length of first tergite 1.2 times its width, dorso-lateral carina crenulate

and united anteriorly (Fig. 47); 2nd tergite with a small well defined

crenulate mid-basal triangular area and with a pair of posteriorly diverging

sub-lateral crenulate grooves (Fig. 47); suture between 2nd and 3rd tergite

widely crenulate (Fig. 47); 3rd tergite with anterolateral crenulate

depression (Fig. 47); 4th and 5th tergite crenulate transverse sub-apical

grooves; ovipositor thick, without dorsal nodus and without ventral

serrations (Fig. 52); length of ovipositor sheaths 0.37 times fore wing.

Length : 5.63 mm, fore wing 5.12 mm.

Male : Same as female except antenna 43 segmented, smaller than female, body length 4.50 mm.

Holotype : Q INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Etawah, 28.X.2000, Coll. Mohammad Shamim. Paratype : 1 ^, 1 (J, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 8.iv.2001, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Remarks : The new species Pseudoshirakia aligarhensis sp.nov. is closely related to P. bengalensis sp.nov. However, it differs in having (i) apical segment of antenna 3 times their width (ii) face densely setose and finally rugulose, (iii) frons and vertex smooth and shining (iv) mesopleuron smooth medially and rugulose anteriorly (v) metapleuron rugulose (vi) fore wing vein 1-SR+M distinctly bent or curved (vii) 2nd metasomal tergite with a pair of posteriorly diverging sublateral crenulate grooves.

Pseudoshirakia bengalensis sp.nov. (Figs. 53-58)

Female : Head black; antenna dark brown; ocelli transparent; eyes grey; tips of mandible black; mesosoma dark brown except metanotum and propodeum black; wings infuscate, venations brown, pterostigma dark brown; legs black except tarsal segments and tibial spurs of all legs brown; metasoma completely black; ovipositar brown; ovipositar sheaths black.

Head : Antenna 38 segmented; length of third antennal segment 1.2 times fourth segment (Fig. 56); length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.0, 1.7 and 1.3 times their width respectively; length of apical

segment 2.0 times their width (Fig. 57); length of maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 1.7 times temple; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 2:2:4:5; frons puntulate with mid longitudinal carina; vertex puntulate; face flat, smooth and shining; clypeus almost flat, ventral margin protruding; length of malar space as long as basal width of mandible; mandible with pair of subequal teeth.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; mesoscutum punctulate, mesoscutal lobes convex, notauli distinct anteriorly; scutellum wide and smooth; mesopleuron punctulate, episternal scrobe narrow; metapleuron punctulate; propodeum smooth.

Wings : Fore wing vein 1-SR short and straight (Fig.54); r: 3-SR : SRI = 7 : 17 : 30; 1-SR+M straight (Fig. 54); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 11 : 17 : 8.

Legs : Hind coxa smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of

hind leg 3.0, 7.0 and 4.0 times their width respectively (Fig. 55); hind

tibial spurs both 0.45 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Tergites 1-5 coarsely reticulate; tergite 6th smooth;

length of first tergite as long as wide, dorso-lateral carina crenulate and

united anteriorly (Fig. 53); 2nd tergite with well developed antero-lateral

areas and with a large crenulate mid-basal triangular area (Fig. 53); suture

between 2nd and 3rd tergite widely crenulate (Fig. 53); 3rd tergite with

anterolateral crenulate depression (Fig. 53); 4th and 5th tergite crenulate

transverse sub-apical grooves; ovipositor thin, without dorsal nodus and

without ventral serrations (Fig. 58); length of ovipositor sheaths 0.25

times fore wing.

Length : 4.30 mm, forewing 3.55 mm.

Male : Unknown Holotype : Q INDIA : West Bengal, Nadia, Kalyani, 15.xi. 1999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider. Paratype : 2 ^Q, same data as far holotype.

Remarks : The new species Pseudoshirakia bengalemis sp.nov. is closely related to P. aligarhensis sp.nov.. However, it differs in having (i) apical segment of antenna 2 times their width (ii) face smooth and shining, (iii) frons and vertex punctulate (iv) mesopleuron and metapleuron punctulate (v) fore wing vein 1-SR+M straight (vi) 2nd metasomal tergite with well defined antero-lateral areas.

Pseudoshirakia biharensis sp.nov. (Figs. 59-67)

Female : Brownish; antenna dark brown; ocelli transparent; eyes grey; tips of mandible black; wings infuscate, venations brown, pterostigma dark brown; mid and hind legs black; ovipositar sheaths dark brown.

Head : Antenna (Fig. 66) 35 segmented; length of third antennal segment 1.4 times fourth segment (Fig. 64); length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.3, 1.7 and 1.4 times their width respectively; length of apical segment 3.5 times their width (Fig. 65); length of maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal 1.4 times temple; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 4:4:3:10; frons smooth, shining and with medial groove; vertex smooth; face flat, smooth medially and some what finally transversally puntulate behind antennal socket; clypeus almost flat and ventral margin protruding; length of malar space as long as basal width of mandible; mandible with pair of subequal teeth.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.6 times its height;

mesoscutum smooth, mesoscutal lobes convex, notauli anteriorly distinct; scutellum smooth; mesopleuron smooth; episternal scrobe narrow; metapleuron smooth; propodeum smooth.

Wings : Fore wing (Fig. 59) vein 1-SR short and straight; r : 3- SR : SRI = 9 : 24 : 35; 1-SR+M straight (Fig.60); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 15 : 24 : 11.

Legs : Hind coxa smooth and shining; length of femur, tibia and

basitarsus of hind leg 2.5, 6.5 and 4.2 times their width respectively

(Fig. 62); hind tibial spurs both 0.47 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Metasomal tergites largely smooth and shining; length of first tergite 1.2 times their width, dorsal carina not united (Fig. 61); 2nd tergite 3.5 times wider than long; suture between 2nd and 3rd tergite without crenulate (Fig. 61); 3rd tergite 3.2 times wider than long; ovipositar with a distinct pre-apical dorsal nodus and with well developed apico-ventral serrations (Fig. 67); length of ovipositor sheaths 0.35 times fore wing.

Length : 4.67 mm, fore wing 4.52 mm.

Male : Same as female except antenna 35 segmented, smaller than female. Length of body : 3.65-3.82 mm.

Holotype : 0^ INDIA : Bihar, Samastipur, Dalsinghsarai, 2.xi.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; Paratype : 12 QQ, 2 6^, INDIA : Uttaranchal, Pantnagar, 16.x. 1997, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 11 99, 4 6&, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 20.x. 1997, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 7 99, 6 C^ Bihar, Samastipur, Dalsinghsarai, 2.xi.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Remarks ; The new species Pseudoshirakia biharensis sp.nov. is closely related to P. yokohamensis ("Cameron). However, it differs in having (i) flagellomeres longer than wide (ii) frons smooth (iii) face smooth medially and somewhat finally transversally punctulate behind antenna! socket (iv) fore wing vein 1-SR+M straight (v) hind coxa smooth and shining (vi) metasoma largely smooth and shining (vii) 2nd metasomal suture without crenulate.

Genus Testudobracon Quicke

Testudobracon Quicke, 1986: 25 Type-species : Testudobracon niger Quicke, 1986: 25; Monobasic and original designation

Diagnosis : Head granulate; scape small, ventrally shorter; pedicellus relatively large; median flagellomeres longer than wide; notauli well developed; scutellar sulcus wide and crenulate; median area of metanotum with short carina; propodeum with a mid longitudinal carina; 2nd sub-marginal cell of forewing short and distally narrowed; forewing vein 1-SR+M straight or slightly curved after leaving 1-SR and joining m- cu, vein 3-CUl longer than CUlb; tarsal claws simple with large basal lobe; apex of fore tibia with only one spur; metasoma with 6 visible tergites, tergite 1 and 2 movably joined, 1st tergite as long as wide, tergite 6 with a deep, narrow, rounded incision in its posterior margin; ovipositor obtusely bent ventrally and serrate apico-ventraliy.

The genus Testudobracon Quicke is reported for the first time from India and is represented by single species, Testudobracon asphondyliae sp.nov. from India.

Testudobracon asphondyliae sp.nov.

(Figs. 68-73)

Female : Brownish; antennae dark brown; ocelli transparent; wings hyaline, venation brown, pterostigma dark brown; legs yellowish, teleotarsus and claws of fore, mid and hind legs dark brown; metasomal tergite 1-3 light brown and 4-6 light yellow; ovipositor sheath black.

Head : About 2 times wider than long (Fig. 72); top of head moderately setose and with granulate sculpture; ocelli arranged in an equilateral triangle (Fig. 72) stemmaticum raised; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 3:3:3:7; frons punctulate, sparsely setose, anteriorly depressed with a distinct mid longitudinal carina (Fig. 72); face punctulate, about 1.5 times as wide as high; clypeus smooth; height of clypeus: intertentorial distance : tentero-ocular distance = 5:8:7; eyes oval, 1.7 times as long as wide; antennae (Figs. 70 & 73) 25 segmented, scapus small, 1.25 times as long as wide, shorter ventrally than dorsally, pedicellus relatively large, as long as wide, F, 2 times as long as wide, F, 1.7 times as long as wide, F3- F,^ 1.33 times as long as wide, F,j-F„ 1.5 times as long as wide, terminal flagellomere 2 times as long as wide; maxillary palpi five segmented; labial palpi three segmented.

Mesosoma : 1.83 times longer than wide, 1.34 times longer than high; pronotumw ith a transverse crenulate groove medially; propleuron crenulate; mesoscutum densely setose, punctulate; notauli distinct; base of scutellar sulcus crenulate; mesopleuron densely setose; median area of metanotum with short carinae; metapleuron sparsely setose; propodeum granulate with a mid-longitudinal carina.

Wings : Fore wing (Fig. 68) about 2.6 times as long as wide,

nearly 1.20 times longer than hind wing, vein 1-SR+M straight, 2nd submarginal cell short, narrower distally than proximally, length of vein SRI : 3-SR : r = 32 : 10 : 7; hind wing (Fig.69) about 4.0 times as long as wide, vein SC+Rl 2.0 times longer than Ir-m, proximal area of discal+subdiscal cell, subbasal cell and the plical cell unevenly setose.

Legs : Tarsal claws simple with large basal lobe; fore tibia almost as long as fore tarsus, fore tibial spur 0.66 times as long as fore basitarsus, fore basitarsus 2.25 times as long as fore teleotarsus; mid tibia as long as midtarsus, mid basitarsus about 1.6 times as long as mid teleotarsus; hind tibia about 1.14 times as long as hind tarsus, hind basitarsus 2.4 times as long as hind teleotarsus.

Metasoma : With 6 visible tergites, about 1.32 times longer than mesosoma and almost as long as head and mesosoma combined; 1st tergite as long as wide, tergites 1-3 reticulate, tergites 4-6 granulate, tergites 3-5 with a transverse groove, tergite 6 (Fig. 71) with a deep, narrow, rounded incision in its posterior margin; ovipositor about 0.83 times as long as metasoma, obtusely bent ventrally and serrate apico-ventrally.

Length : 3.6 mm, fore wing 2.9 mm.

Male : Unknown

Holotype : Q INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 27.X.2000, ex. Asphondylia sesami Felt, on Sesamum indicum L. Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; Paratype : 19, West Bengal, Kalyani, 8.viii.2001, ex. Asphondylia sesami Felt, on Sesamum indicum L., Coll. Samiran Chakrabarti.

Remarks : The new species Testudobracon asphondyliae is closely related to T. niger Quicke. However, it differs in having : (i) forewing vein 1-SR+M straight after leaving 1-SR (ii) subterminal flagellomere 1.5 times longer than wide (iii) frons sparsely setose and punctulate (iv) top of head moderately setose and granulate (v) propodeum with granulate sculpture (vi) hind wing with proximal area of discal + subdiscal cell, subbasal cell and the plical cell unevenly setose (vii) clypeus smooth and face with punctulate sculpture.

Genus Tropobracon Cameron

Tropobracon Cameron, 1905 : 91 Type-species : Tropobracon luteus Cameron, 1905; Monobasic Shirakia viereck, 1913 : 643 Type-species : Shirakia schoenobii Viereck, 1913; original designation; synonymy confirmed by Achterberg, 1983. Tropobracon Cameron; Shenefelt, 1978 : 1730 Tropobracon Cameron; Quicke, 1987 : 134 Tropobracon Cameron; Achterberg, 1993 : 50

Diagnosis : Head granulate or punctulate; antennae long, pedicellus cylindrical, median flagellomeres longer than wide; molar suture absent; mesoscutum smooth or granulate, largely glabrous, 6 notauli complete, deeply impressed; propodeum granulate, reticulate or anteriorly smooth and shiny; fore wing vein SRI reaching wing margin more than 0.7 of the way from the apex of the pterostigma to the wing tip; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of forewing 30-40°; vein 1-SR+M of forewing straight, joining m-cu; vein 2-SC + R of hindwing elongate; vein Ir-m of

hind wing straight or slightly curved; tarsal claws with basal lobe; fore tibia with one spur; first metasomal tergite movably joined to second tergite; second tergite with a pair of converging narrow grooves with medio-basal area; ovipositor with a distinct pre-apical dorsal nodus and with well developed apico-ventral serrations.

The genus Tropobracon Cameron is represented by 2 species from Indo-Australian region (Achterberg, 1993) of which T. In tens Cameron is widely distributed in India. In the present work 2 species viz., T. infiiscatus Achterberg and T. comorensis Achterberg are reported for the first time from India and 2 new species are described viz., T. shafeei sp.nov. and 7! hayati sp.nov. has been described and illustrated from India. A key to the Indian species of the genus is also proposed.

Key to the Indian species of the genus Tropobracon Cameron

1. Vein Ir-m of hindwing about as long as vein 2-SC+R; vein cu-a of forewing more or less antefurcal, post-furcal or sub-interstitial 2

- Vein Ir-m of hindwing about 2 times longer than vein 2-Sc+R; vein Cu-a of forewing interstitial shafeei sp.nov.

2. Vein 1-SC+R of hindwing about as wide as vein Ir-m; anterior half of propodeum reticulate or granulate 3

Vein 1-SC+R of hind wing distinctly narrower than vein Ir-m; anterior half of propodeum granulate and mat 4

3. Face largely dark brown; vein cu-a of forewing sub-interstitial; propodeum granulate infuscatus Achterberg

Face completely yellowish; vein cu-a of forewing antefurcal;

propodeum distinctly reticulate luteus Cameron

4. Vein cu-a of fore wing postfurcal; lateral grooves of medial area of second tergite wide, widely crenulate and united in basal half of tergite, resulting in a comparatively small triangular area comorensis Achterberg

Vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal; lateral grooves of medial area of second tergite narrow, coarsely crenulate and meeting each other at the second metasomal suture, forming a large triangular area hayati sp.nov.

Tropobracon comorensis Achterberg Tropobracon comorensis Achterberg, 1993 : 55

Material examined : 4 QO^ INDIA : Bihar, Begusarai, 10.vi.l998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Unknown

Distribution : INDIA : Bihar

Tropobracon hayati sp.nov. (Figs. 74-79)

Female : Dark brown; head, mesoscutum, legs and ovipositor brown; first and median area of second tergite light brown; stemmaticum and tips of mandible black; eyes greyish; ocelli transparent; wings hyaline, venations brown.

Head : Antenna 54 segmented (Fig. 79) (range 51-54 segmented), length of third antennal segment 1.6 times fourth segment,

third and fourth segments 3.3 and 2.0 times their width respectively, apical segment 2.5 times their width; length of maxillary palp as long as height of head; face smooth medio-ventrally and some what finally punctulate behind antennal socket; frons finally punctulate and vertex superficially punctulate; temple smooth and roundly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 76); length of eye 2.5 times temple in dorsal view; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 3:3:3: 10; length of molar space 1.25 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.75 times its heights; episternal scrobe linear, distinct; mesoscutum smooth, only medio- posteriorly with a short crenulate carina; scutellar sulcus wide with 8 longitudinal carina; scutellum with distinct pit medio-anteriorly; mesopleuron smooth medially and superficially coriaceous anteriorly; metapleuron granulate with long whitish setae; propodeum granulate, without median carina.

Wings : Fore wing (Fig. 74) vein r : 3-SR : SRI = 7 : 9 : 41; cu- a antefurcal; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m =12:9:9; hind wing (Fig. 75) vein Ir-m straight, free from 1-SC+R and about as long as 2-SC+R; 1-SC+R distinctly naiTower than Ir-m.

Legs : Hind coxa granulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 2.8, 9.5 and 4.3 times their width respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.4 times hind basitarsus (Fig. 78)..

Metasoma (Fig. 77): Length of first targite as long as its apical width, its surface distinctly rugose, no distinct dorsal carina, its lateral areas rather wide and crenulate; first tergite convex medio-posteriorly; pair of grooves of second tergite narrow, coarsely crenulate and meeting

each other at the second metasomal suture, resulting with a large triangular area; second and third tergites reticulate coriaceous; fourth-six tergites finally coriaceous; length of ovipositor sheaths 0.41 times forewing.

Length : 5.05 mm, fore wing 4.05 mm.

Male : Yellowish brown, antenna 53 segmented length of body 5.325 mm.

Holotype : Q, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 8.xi.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; Paratype : 3 QQ, 1 (fwith same data as holotype.

Remarks : The new species Tropobracon hayati sp.nov. is closely related to T. comorensis Achterberg. However, it differs in having (i) vein cu-a of forewing antefurcal (ii) lateral grooves of medial area of second tergite narrow, coarsely crenulate and meeting each other at the second metasomal suture, resulting in a large triangular area (iii) face smooth medio-ventrally and somewhat finally punctulate behind antennal socket (iv) frons punctulate, vertex superficially punctulate and temple smooth (v) mesopleuron smooth medially and superficially coriaceous anteriorly (vi) second and third tergites reticulate coriaceous.

Tropobracon infuscatus Achterberg

Tropobracon infuscatus Achterberg, 1993: 56

Material examine : 5 Q0„ INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, 05.viii.l998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Unidentified paddy stem borer

Distribution : INDIA : Andhra Pradesh

Tropobracon luteus Cameron

Tropobracon luteus Cameron, 1905 : 91 Shirakia schoenobii Viereck, 1913 : 643; Synonymy by Delfinado, 1959 : 349 Bracon dorsalis Matsumura, 1910 : 49; Synonymy by Achterberg, 1993 : 58 Tropobracon luteus var. indicus Ayyar, 1928 : 39; Synonymy by Achterberg, 1993 : 58 Tropobracon luteus Cameron; Achterberg, 1993: 58

Material examined : 6 00, 1 d, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 20.vii.l997, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; 12 gj, 2 dd", INDIA : Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 01.ix.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Tryporyza incertulus Wlk.

Distribution : INDIA : South India, Uttar Pradesh

Tropobracon shafeei sp.nov. (Figs. 80-89)

Female : Dark brown; head brown, except stemmaticum, frons and tips of mandible black; ocelli transparent; eyes grey; wings hyaline, venations brown, pterostigma dark brown; middle portion of each metasomal tergites light brown; ovipositor brown.

Head : Antenna 49 segmented; length of third antennal segment 1.8 times fourth segment; third, fourth and penaltimate segments 4.5, 2.5 and 2.0 times their width respectively; apical segment 2.5 times their width (Fig.87); length of maxillary palp 0.9 times height of head; vertex and

73 frons granulate; length of eye 2.3 times temple in dorsal vein (Fig. 82) temple roundly narrowed posteriorly; AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 3:3:3 : 9; clypeus almost flat and ventral margin protroding; face smooth medio- ventrally and some what finally transversally rugulose behind antannal socket; length of molar space L3 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height; episternal scrobe linear and deep; mesoscutum smooth, only medio-posteriorly granulate and with a short carina, medio-anteriorly with a short groove; scutellar sulus wide and with a longitudinal carinae (Fig. 83); scutellum with distinct pit medio-anteriorly; metapleuron finally puntulate with long whitish setae; propodeum without median carina with coarsely granulate.

Wings : Fore wing (Fig. 80) vein r : 3-SR : SRI = 5 : 7 : 35; cu- a interstitial; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 11 : 7 : 8; hind wing (Fig. 81) vein Ir-m straight, free from 1-SC+R and about 2.0 times longer than vein 2-SC + R; 1-SC + R about as wide as Ir-m.

Legs : Hind coxae granulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.33, 10.0 and 3.75 times their width respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.4 times hind basitarsus (Fig. 86).

Metasoma : Length of first tergite 0.86 times its apical width, its surface behind united dorsal carina with coarsely reticulate, its lateral areas wide and partly smooth; grooves of second tergite narrow, coarsely crenulate, not meeting each other and not reaching second metasomal suture, resulting without a distinct triangular area (Fig. 85); second and third tergites distinctly and rather finally rugose; fourth-six tergites granulate; length of ovipositor sheaths 0.37 times forewing.

Length : 4.57 mm, fore wing 3.67 mm.

Male : Yellowish brown; antenna 55 segmented; length of body 5.0 mm. Holotype : Q, INDIA : West Bengal, Nadia, Kalyani 20.xi.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; paratype : I O, 2 with same data as holotype.

Remarks : The new species Tropobracon shafeei sp.nov. is closely related to T. hitens Cameron. However, it differs in having (i) face smooth medio-ventrally and somewhat finally transversally rugulose behind antennal sockets (ii) scutellum medio-anteriorly with a distinct pit (iii) metapleuron finally punctulate (iv) propodeum coarsely granulate (v)vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial (vi) vein Ir-m of hind wing about 2.0 times longer than vein 2-SC+R (viii) grooves of second tergite not meeting each other and not reaching second metasomal suture, resulting without a distinct triangular area.

Subtribe Physaraiina Achterberg

Physaraiina Achterberg, 1984 : 140 Type-genus : Physaraia Shenefelt, 1978 : 1714 Gastrothecini Fahringer, 1928 : 1-50 (Invalid, based on junior homonym)

Diagnosis : Metasomal tergites lst-2nd immovably joined and fused laterally; tergites lst-3rd forming a strongly convex carapace, without deep transverse suture medially and no antero-lateral grooves; posterior margin of carapace produced into a pair of sub-medial spines; clypeus with dorsal carina; mesoscutum with medial carina but sometimes absent; 4th-6th tergites completely retracted.

The subtribe Physaraiina Achterberg contains only the genus Physaraia Shenefelt.

Genus Physaraia Shenefelt

Physaraia Shenefelt, 1978 : 1714. Replacement name for Gastrotheca Guerin-Meneville, 1848 (not Fitzinger, 1843) Type-species: Gastrotheca furcata Guerin-Meneville, 1848; Original designation Go5/TO//7eca Guerin-Meneville, 1848 : 348 (not Fitzinger, 1843). Type-species : Gastrotheca furcata Guerin-Meneville, 1848 Physaraia Shenefelt : Achterberg, 1984 : 140; Donaldson, 1989: 16.

Diagnosis : Scapus truncate; clypeus separated from the face by a dorsal carina; mesosoma strongly sculptured; notauli weakly impressed; scutellar sulcus crenulate and comparatively wide; metanotum crenulate; vein Cu-a of forewing subinterstitial, angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R about 70°; vein Ir-m of hindwing short; fore tibial spur one; tarsal claws with acute, robust submedial lobe; propodeum without median carina. Ovipositor long, protruding far beyond apex of metasoma; hypopygium large and acute apically.

The genus Physaraia Shenefelt is represented by a single species i.e. P. siimatrana (Enderlein) from Indo-Australian region (Achterberg, 1984; QuickC, 1987; Donaldson, 1989). Bose (1945) record the same species from India. In the present work P. indica sp.nov. has been described from India. A key to the Indian species of the genus is also proposed.

Key to the Indian species of the genus Physaraia Shenefelt

1. Vertex and frons storngly reticulate; posterior ocelli separated from each other by about 0.7 times their greatest diameter; metasomal spines almost as long as hind basitarsus sumatrana (Enderlein)

Vertex and frons strongly granulate; posterior ocelli separated from

each other by about 1.33 times their greatest diameter; metasomal spines about half the length of hind basitarsus indica sp.nov.

Physaraia indica sp.nov. (Figs. 90-100)

Female : Pale yellow except for the antennae, tips of mandible, tarsal claws and ovipositor sheaths black; eyes grey; ocelli transparent; wings hyaline, venations and pterostigma dark brown; ovipositor brown.

Head : Antennae 44 segmented, with many thyloids (Fig. 97- 99), length of third segment 1.2 times 4th segment (Fig. 98), length of 3rd and 4th segment 1.5 and 1.25 times their width respectively (Fig. 98), penultimate segments quadrate (Fig. 99), terminal segment 2.5 times their width (Fig. 99); length of maxillary palp 0.92 times height of head; length eye in dorsal view 1.3 times temple (Fig. 92); AOL: POL : 0OD : OOL = 4:4:3:9; frons and vertex granulate; frons with a median groove extending from the stemmaticum to the antennal sockets; vertex with a pair of transparent blisters behind eyes (Fig. 92 & 93); face granulate; length of malar space 1.33 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma : Granulate and cetaceous; maximum width of mesosoma slightly shorter than the maximum width of head; length of mesosoma 1.44 times its height; mesopleuron coriaceous; posterior part of propodeum medially almost smooth and rest of propodeum coarsely reticulate.

Wings : Fore wing (Fig. 90) veins r: 3-SR : SRI = 8:21:38; SRI without sinuate; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 10:21:9; m-cu antefurcal and subparallel to 1-M.

Leg : Hind coxa smooth and shining; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.3, 6.4 and 5.0 times their width respectively (Fig. 96); length of hind tibial spurs both 0.45 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Coarsely reticulate; metasomal spines 2.2 times as long as their width (Fig. 94 & 95) and about half the length of hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheaths 0.5 times the length of the metasoma and 0.28 times the length of fore wing.

Length : 4.35 mm, fore wing 4.0 mm.

Male : Unknown

Holotype : Q, INDIA : Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Ponnur, 13.1.1998, Coll. Arshad AH Haider.

Remarks : The new species Physaraia indica sp.nov. is closely related to P. sumatrana (Enderlein). However, it differs in having (i) vertex and frons strongly granulate (ii) vertex with a pair of transparent blisters behind eyes (iii) posterior ocelli separated from each other by about 1.33 times their greatest diameter (iv) metasomal spines about half the length of hind basitarsus (v) metasomal spines 2.2 times as long as their basal width (vi) ovipositor sheaths 0.5 times the length of metasoma.

Tribe Euurobraconini Ashmead

Euurobraconini Ashmead, 1900 : 144 Type-genus : Eimrobracon Ashmead, 1900 : 140 Pseudodicrogeniini Achterberg, 1976 : 35 Type-genus : Pseudodicrogenium Fahringer, 1936 : 571; synonymy byQuicke, 1987 : 111

Diagnosis : Scape not emarginate apico-laterally and apico- medially, longer ventrally than dorsally; notauli only present anteriorly; pleural suture smooth; fore wing vein 1-SR+M gently curving posteriorly, vein cu-a strongly post-furcal; hind wing vein Ir-m longer than SC+Rl; 1st metasomal tergite without dorso-lateral carina; 2nd metasomal tergite with a pair of posteriorly diverging sub-lateral furrows.

The tribe Euurobraconini is represented by only genus Eimrobracon Ashmead from India.

Genus Euurobracon Ashmead

Eimrobracon Ashmead, 1900 : 140 Type-species : Bracon penetrator Smith, 1877; Monobasic & original designation Delmira Cameron, 1900 : 87 Type-species : Delmira triplagiata Cameron, 1900; Monotype; Synonymy by Baltazar, 1961. Exobracon Szepligeti, 1902 : 45 Type-species : Bracon quadriceps Smith, (1860) 1861; Monobasic; Synonymy by Roman, 1913 Lissobracon Cameron, 1905 : 103

Type-species : Lissobracon forticornis Cameron, 1905; Monobasic;

Synonymy by Roman, 1913.

Diagnosis : Antenna shorter than the fore wing; face sometimes with a pyramidal projection between and just below the antennal socket; fore wing vein 3-CUl distinctly thickened posteriorly; 2nd metasomal tergite with a pair of sub-lateral posteriorly diverging furrows; ovipositor length very variable, usually more than 1.5 times longer than the body; apex of ovipositor with a dorsal nodus and ventral serrations.

The genus Euiirobracon Ashmead is represented by 8 species from Indo-Australian region, of which E. macidipennis (Cameron) is the only species reported from India (Shenefelt, 1978).

Euurobracon maculipennis (Cameron)

Exobracon macidipennis Cameron, 1910 : 42 Exothecus macidipennis (Cameron); Ayyar, 1924 : 355 Euurobracon maculipennis (Cameron); Fahringer, 1927: 262

Material examined : 1 ^, 1 d, INDIA : Uttaranchal, Dehradun, 5.V.1921, ex Shorea robusta. Coll. N.C. Chatterjee, (FRl).

Host : Aeolesthes holosericea P., Plocaederus obesus Gah.

Distribution : INDIA : Uttaranchal

Tribe Glyptomorphini Tobias

Glyptomorphini Tobias, 1957 : 476 Type-genus : Glyptomorpha Holmgren, 1868 : 391 Vipionini Telenga, 1952 : 137 Glyptomorphini Tobias; Quicke, 1987 : 114 Glyptomorphini Tobias; Chishti & Quicke, 1995 : 73

Diagnosis : Antenna shorter than the fore wing, terminal flagellomere blunt, not pointed or not produced into a spine; marginal cell of fore wing short, vein SRI reaching wing margin less than 0.65 times the distance between the apex of the pterostigma and the wing tip, vein 1- SR+M straight or curving towards the anterior wing margin after arising from 1-SR, 2nd submarginal cell usually strongly expanded distally.

The tribe Glyptomorphini is represented by three genera viz., Chaoilla Cameron, Meganura Szepligeti and Rhadinobracon Szepligeti from India. A key to the Indian genera of the tribe is proposed.

Key to the Indian genera of the tribe Glyptomorphini Tobias 1. Face with a strongly protruding transverse lamella; body always strongly dorso-ventrally compressed Chaoilta Cameron Face without a lamella; body never strongly dorso-ventrally compressed 2 2. Notauli present; apex of fore tibia with a transverse row of blunt pegs; ovipositor more than 1.5 times longer than the body Rhadinobracon Szepligeti Notauli absent; apex of fore tibia without a transverse row of pegs; ovipositor more than 3 times longer than body - —Heganura Szepligeti [The representative species of the genera is not recorded from this part]

Tribe Iphiaulacini Telenga

Iphiaulacini Telenga, 1952 : 37 Type-getius : Iphiaulax Foerster, 1862 : 235 Iphiaulacini Telenga; Quicke, 1987 : 116

Diagnosis : Antenna long; scape strongly emarginate apico- laterally and apico-medially; terminal flagellomere not blunt; notauli well developed completely, sometimes weakly defined anteriorly; marginal cell of fore wing long, vein SRI reaching wing margin more than 0.7 times the distance between the apex of the pterostigma and the wing tip, vein C+SC+R and 1-SR forming an angle more than 50°, vein r less than 0.7 times the length of m-cu; ovipositor with or without a pre-apical dorsal nodus as well as ventral serrations.

The tribe Iphiaulacini is represented by four genera viz., Campyloneurus Szepligeti, Hybogaster Szepligeti, Iphiaulax Foerster and Zakaella gen.nov. from India. A key to the Indian genera of the tribe is proposed.

Key to the Indian genera of the tribe Iphiaulacini Telenga

1. 3rd metasomal tergite with clearly defined antero-lateral areas; scape longer ventrally than dorsally 2

3rd metasomal tergite without antero-lateral areas; scape shorter ventrally than dorsally 3

2. 2nd metasomal tergite with a well defined mid-basal triangular area; notauli distinct and well developed completely; hind wing vein Ir-m shorter than SC+Rl Zakaella gen.nov.

2nd metasomal tergite without a mid-basal triangular area; notauli

weakly defined anteriorly, posteriorly obsolete; hind wing vein Ir-m longer than SC+Rl Iphiaulax Foerster

3. Hind wing vein Ir-m shorter than SC+Rl; ovipositor longer than the metasoma, with a pre-apical dorsal nodus and apico-ventral senations Campyloneurus Szepligeti

Hind wing vein Ir-m as long as SC+Rl; ovipositor shorter or about as long as metasoma, without a pre-apical dorsal nodus and without apico-ventral serration Hybogaster Szepligeti

Genus Zakaella gen.nov. (Fig. 101-109)

Type-species : Bathyaulax alami Zaka-ur-Rab, 1963

Diagnosis : Clypeus separated from the face by a well developed carina (Fig. 101); scape apico-laterally strongly emarginate and distinctly so medially, longer ventrally than dorsally, apical flagellomere acuminate and laterally compressed (Fig. 106 & 107); mesosoma about 1.7 times longer than high; notauli well developed completely (Fig. 102); pre-coxal suture absent; metanotum and propodeum smooth; fore wing vein 1-SR forms an angle of 67° with C+SC+R, vein 1-SR + M curving sharply after arising from 1-SR (Fig. 105), vein r is 0.6 times the length of vein m-cu, marginal cell long, SRI reaching wing margin about 0.9 times of the way between the apex of the pterostigma and the wing tip; hind wing SC+Rl about 2.0 times longer than vein Ir-m (Fig. 104); hind basitarsus 2.5 times as long as hind teleotarsus; second tergite with a small well defined

smooth mid-basal triangular area, antero-lateral margins depressed with a pair of posteriorly diverging sub-lateral crenulate grooves (Fig. 103); ovipositor about 0.76 times as long as metasoma with well developed pre- apical dorsal projection and apico-ventrally serrate (Fig. 108).

Remarks : The proposed new genus Zakaella can be differentiated from its closely related genus Iphiaulax Foerster, 1862 as follows : ovipositor shorter than metasoma with a pre-apical dorsal projection and apico-ventrally serrate, notauli distinct and well developed completely, hind wing vein Ir-m short and about half the length of SC+Rl.

Zaka-ur-Rab (1963) described the species Bathyaidax alami based on material collected from jamboo tree, Eugenia jambolina Roxb, University campus, Aligarh, India. The remark of Quicke (1987) about the generic placement of the species motivated the present worker to study it in detail. Types of this species got lost in Kashmir valley (Zaka-ur-Rab personal communication), collected the same material from the type locality. Further study of the material reveals that B. alami belongs to a new genus of the tribe Iphiaulacini Telenga, except antennal flagellomeres which are less than 60 in number, a variable character of the tribe. The diagrams of generic and tribal identity along with complete description is provided.

Etymology

The new genus is named after Prof. Zaka-ur-Rab who describe Balhyaidax alami, the type species of this genus.

Zakaella alami (Zaka-ur-Rab), comb. nov.

Bathyaulax alami zaka-ur-Rab, 1963: 192; (^of India, Aligarh, University Campus.

Female : Pale orange; eyes brown; tips of mandible black; ocelli transparent; proximal 1/3 of forewing pale, the rest smoky, smoky region with hyaline spots; hindwing more than half of distal uniformly smoky without any haline spot.

Head : 1.25 times wider than long, punctulate with hairs, without occipital carina; face about 1.5 times as wide as high; malar space as long as basal width of mandible; eyes oval, about 2.0 times as long as temple in dorsal view; lower margin of antennal socket distinctly raised; frons depressed with a distinct mid longitudinal carina; ocelli arranged in an equilateral triangle, stemmaticum raised, AOL : POL : 0OD : OOL = 4:4 : 4 : 10; mandible bidentate; antenna 47 segmented, about 0.8 times the length of body and about 0.9 times the forewing, scape 1.5 times longer than wide, pedicel 1.4 times wider than long. F, 1.6 times longer than wide, F (2-36) as long as wide, F (37-44) 1.25 times longer than wide, apical flagellomer 1.5 times longer than wide; maxillary palp five segmented; labial palp three segmented.

Mesosoma : 2.0 times longer than wide; pronotum smooth dorsally with a transverse crenulate groove, projected infront of mesonotum; propleuron smooth; notauli distinct; lateral lobe of mesoscutum reticulate punctate, middle lobe anteriorly reticulate punctate, transcutlar suture complete; base of scutellar sulcus crenulate; mesopleuron smooth; metanotum smooth; metapleuron smooth; forewing about 3.0 times as long as wide, and nearly 1.20 times longer than

hindwing; vein 3-SR of forewing 2.6 times longer than vein r-m, first subdiscal cell almost as long as first sub-marginal cell, first discal cell slightly shorter than first sub-marginal and first sub-discal cell, second sub-marginal cell almost 1.25 times as long as first sub-marginal cell, smoky region of forewing with following hyaline spots (proximal 1/3 of pterostigma, central area of first sub-marginal cell, proximal anterior angular area of second discal cell, all coalescing together to from a prominent hyaline area, an isolated oval spot in distal anterior angular area of first sub-discal cell, a small circular spot in the proximal posterior angular area of second discal cell, a linear spot along with the cross vein r-m); hindlwing about 4.0 times as long as wide, vein SC+Rl about 2.0 times longer than Ir-m; tarsal claws simple with small basal lobe, fore tibia 0.75 times as long as fore tarsus, fore tibial spur one and about 0.7 times as long as fore basitarsus, fore basitarsus 1.7 times as long as fore teleotarsus; mid tibia 0.85 times as long as mid tarsus, mid basitarsus about 2.0 times as long as mid teleotarsus; hind tibia almost as long as hind tarsus, hind basitarsus 2.5 times as long as hind telotarsus; propodeum smooth.

Metasoma : First tergite about as long as maximally wide, coriaceous with complete dorsal carina; second tergite about twice as wide as long, reticulate coriaceous, a small well defined smooth mid-basal triangular area which reaches about 0.25 of the way along the tergite, suture between 2nd and 3rd tergite crenulate; tergite 3-5 with clearly defined antero-lateral furrows defining the antero-lateral areas with well developed transverse crenulate sub-posterior grooves, tergite 3-5 granulate and 6 & 7 smooth; ovipositor shorter than metasoma about 0.76

86 times as long as metasoma; hypopygiun truncate, extending up to the apex of metasoma.

Length : 7.8 mm, fore wing 7.0 mm.

Male : Resembles the female except in following characters: body shorter, antennal segments variable (50-59 segmented).

Material examine : Neotype (^ present designation : India, Aligarh, University Campus, on jamboo tree, Eugenia jambolina Roxb., 5.xi.l999, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider; Additional material : 1 Q, 3 O?India, Aligarh, University Campus, on jamboo tree, Eugenia jambolina Roxb., 4.iv.2000, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider. segment of antenna 3 times their width (ii) face densely setose and finally rugulose, (iii) frons and vertex smooth and shining (iv) mesopleuron rugulose (v) fore wing vein 1-SR+M distinctly bent or curved; vein 1-SR long and curved (vi) 2nd metasomal tergite with a pair of posteriorly diverging sublateral crenulate grooves.

SUBFAMILY EUPHORINAE FOERSTER

Euphoroidae Foerster, 1862 : 228 Type-genus : Euphorus Nees (^Leiophron Nees), 1834 : 260 Liophronoidae Foerster, 1862 : 229 Type-genus : Leiophron Nees, 1818; synonymy by Shenefelt, 1969. Perilitoidae Foerster, 1862 : 228 Type-genus : Perilifus Nees, 1818; synonymy by Shenefelt, 1969. Helorimorphinae SchmiedeKnecht, 1907 : 523 Type-genus : Helorimorpha Schmiedeknecht, 1907; synonymy by Shenefelt, 1969. Cosmophorinae Muesebeck & Walkley, 1951: 183 Type-genus : Cosmophorus Ratzeburg, 1848; synonymy by Marsh, 1979 Centistinae Capek, 1970 : 870 Type-genus : Centistes Haliday, 1935; synonymy by Achterberg, 1977.

Euphorinae Foerster; Shaw, 1985 : 277; 1997 : 235.

Diagnosis : Maxillary palp 4-6 segmented, usually 5 segmented; fore wing vein SRI curved, vein CUlb absent resulting in a characteristic open subdiscal cell, vein r-m may or may not be present; 1st metasomal tergite distinctly petiolate or sometimes sessile.

The subfamily Euphorinae is represented by four genera from

India. A key to the Indian genera is also proposed.

Key to the Indian genera of the subfamily Euphorinae

1. Fore wing with vein r-m present, thus the 2nd submarginal cell present Aridelus Marshall

Fore wing with vein r-m absent, thus the 2nd submarginal cell open.-

2. Basal width of petiole equal to or greater than half the propodeum width; glymma present as a deep basal pit; petiolar spiracles anterior to middle; sternum 5 sometimes with a short pair of teeth Centistes Haliday

Basal width of petiole less than half the propodeum width; glymma absent, if present than only a shallow depression and located near to middle of petiole; petiolar spiracles near middle or behind middle; sternum 5 never with teeth 3

3. Female antenna raptorial; scape usually 5 times as long as wide, with a basal horn - —Streblocera Westwood

Female antenna not raptorial; scape usually 2 times as long as wide and without any basal horn Perilitus Nees

Genus Aridelus Marshall

Aridelus Marshall, 1887 : 66 Type-species : Aridelus bucephalus Marshall 1887; Monobasic Helorimorpha Schmiedeknecht, 1907 : 523 Type-species : Helorimorpha agregia Schmiedeknecht, 1907; Monobasic; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1936. Strictomeieorus Cameron, 1909 : 9 Type-species : Strictomeieorus rufus Cameron, 1909; Monobasic; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1936 Erythromeleorus Cameron, 1911 : 317 Type-species : Erythrometeorus reticulatus Cameron, 1911; Monobasic; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1936.

Scipolabia Enderlein, 1920 : 220 Type-species : Scipolabia reticulata Enderlein, 1920; original designation; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1936 A ride hides Papp, 1974 : 443 Typoe-species : Arideloides niger Papp, 1974; Monobasic; synonymy by Shaw, 1985

Diagnosis : Mesonotum, mesopleuron and propodeal sculpture areolate; fore wing vein r-m present, thus the 2nd submarginal cell present; glymma absent; maxillary palp 6 segmented; metasomal tergum

2+3 nearly reaching end of metasoma, following segments hidden; suture between laterotergites 2+3 absent; shortest distance between eyes of female greater than the clypeus width; antenna 18 segmented, apical flagellomere pointed; malar suture absent.

Aridelus flavicoxae (Shujauddin), Comb. nov.

Arideloides Jiavicoxae Shujauddin, 1981 : 132

Material examined : Holotype Q, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 25.iii.1980, Coll. Shujauddin (ZDAMU).

Host : Unknown

Distribution : INDIA: Uttar Pradesh.

Remarks : This species clearly belongs to the genus Aridelus Marshall on the basis of the following characters : Propodeal sculpture areolate; antenna 18 segmented; apical flagellomere pointed.

Genus Centistes Haliday

Centistes Haliday, 1835 : 462 (as a subgenus of Leiphron) Type-species : Ancylus cuspidatus Haliday, 1833 : 261 Ancylus Haliday, 1833 : 261 Type-species : Ancylus cuspidatus Haliday, 1833; synonymy by Dal la Torre, 1898 Centistes Haliday; Shenefelt, 1969 : 26 Centistes Haliday; Shaw, 1985 : 312

Diagnosis : Antenna of female not raptorial; scape usually 2 times as long as wide, without any basal horn; marginal cell of fore wing longer than pterostigma, vein r-m absent; mesopleural sculpture variable, coarse to nitid; scutellar disc punctate-nitid; pronotum variable, sculptured to nitid.

The genus Centistes Haliday is reported for the first time from India and is represented by a single species, Centistes indicus sp.nov. from India.

Centistes indicus sp. nov.

(Figs. 110-117)

Female : Yellowish, except Fj & F, yellowish brown and rest of the antennal segments light brown, stemmaticum and tips of mandibles reddish brown, ocelli black brown, hind tibia apically light brown, wings hyaline, venation brown, metasoma brownish, apart from the antero-lateral sides of second and third terga and petiole, which are yellowish.

Head (Figs. Ill & 112) : Head sparsely setose, 1.34 times as wide as thorax at tegula; Antenna 20 segmented, longer than body, scape

2.3 times as long as wide, pedicel about as long as wide, Fj-Fj^ about 2 times as long as wide, F,,-F,g about 1.8 times as long as wide, Fj, 1.7 times as long as wide, terminal segment pointed apically and 2.6 times as long as wide; eyes bare, parallel and not converging posteriorly in frontal view, shortest distance between eyes 1.5 times the width of clypeus, frons and some parts of face retiuclate rugulose; malar space 0.33 times as long as eye length and about as long as basal width of mandible; maxillary palp 5 segmented; labial palp 3 segmented; width of antennal socket subequal to malar space; ocelli large arranged in obtuse triangle; OOL : POL : AOL : 0OD = 7 : 5.5 : 3.5 : 5; temple convex, about as long as eye in dorsal view; occipital carina strong and complete.

Mesosoma : Sparsely setose; pronotum smooth, sides of pronotum transversely rugulose anteriorly; mesonotum smooth, notauli absent, scutellar furrow obliquely crenulate, posterior edge of scutellum with few longitudinal carinae; metanotum irregularly longitudinally costate; propodium areolate, clearly subdivided into anterior and posterior halves by a strong transverse carina, surface smooth.

Wings (Figs. 113 & 114): Fore wing as long as body, nearly 2.5 times as long as wide, stigma 3 times as long as wide, marginal cell 3.28 times as wide as long, 2RI 0.23 times as long as I-Rl, SRI + 3-SR almost straight, 1-Cul 0.3 times as long as 2-Cul, m-cu 0.46 times as long as 2- SR and interstitial, 2A + 3A present. Hind wing 4.5 times as long as wide with 3 sinuate hamuli.

Legs (Fig. 115) : Coxa and femur of hind leg almost smooth, hind coxa 1.27 times as long as wide, hind femur 5 times as long as

maixmum width, hind tibia 10 times as long as maximum width; hind tibial spur 0.48 times as long as hind basitarsus, ratio of hind tarsomeres from basitarsus to teliotarsus = 12:6:5:4:7, tarsal claw simple.

Metasoma : Tergum 1 (Fig. 116) basally 0.55 times as wide as apical width and about 1.37 times as long as apical width, spiracle of tergum 1 situated on lateral margin, slightly anterior to the middle, tergum 1 finely rugulose at posterior half; rest of the metasoma smooth and shiny; ovipositor sheaths short and broad, densely setose, rounded at apex; ovipositor (Fig. 117) sabre-like with an apical notch.

Length: 1.685 mm

Male : Unknown

Host : Unknown

Holotype : Q, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh; 15.iv. 1969, Coll.

Shujauddin (ZDAMU); paratype : 1 0, 1 O with same data as holotype

(ZDAMU).

Remarks : Centistes indicus sp.nov. is closely related to C. claripennis (Ashmead) but can be easily separated for having, (i)

Propodium clearly subdivided into anterior and posterior halves by a strong transverse carina (ii) fore wing vein 2-Rl 0.23 times of vein 1-Rl and frons and some parts of face finely reticulate rugulose.

Genus Perilitus Nees

Pehlitus Nees, 1818 : 302 Type-species : Bracon rutiliis Nees, 1812 : 27; Designated by Haliday in Westwood, 1840. Scirtetes Hartig, 1838 : 255; No species included; synonymy by Dalla Tone, 1898

Diagnosis : Fore wing with vein r-m absent, thus the 2nd submarginal cell open; petiole narrow basally, at least 4 times broader apically;petiolar spiracles near at middle or slightly behind; petiole always sculptured dorsally and never fused ventrally; ocular setae absent; glymma absent; scape short, usually 2 times as long as wide.

The genus Perilitus Nees is represented by two species from

Indo-Australian region, of which only P. mylloceri (Wilkinson) is reported from India.

Perilitus mylloceri (Wilkinson)

Dinocampus mylloceri Wilkinson, 1929 : 207

Dinocampus mylloceri Wilkinson; Beeson & Chatterjee, 1935 : 125

Dinocampus mylloceri Wilkinson; Beeson, 1941 : 368

Perilitus mylloceri (Wilkinson); Nagasawa, 1942 : 998

Material examined : 2 ^^, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 25.xii.1998, Coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host : Myllocerus maculosus Desb.

Distribution :INDIA : Bihar, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh.

Genus Streblocera Westood

Streblocera Westwood, 1833 : 342 Type-species : Streblocera fidviceps Westwood, 1833; Monobasic Eutanycerus Foerster, 1862 : 251 Type-species : Eutanycerus halidayanus Foerster, 1862; original designation; synonymy by Dalla Torre, 1898 Lecythodella Enderlein, 1912:41 Type-species : Lecythodella garleppi Enderlein, 1912; original designation; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1936

Diagnosis : Female antenna raptorial; scape usually 5 times as long as wide, with a basal horn; one or more basal flagellomeres usually with hook-like prominences; shortest distance between eyes of female greater than clypeus width; Mesopleural disc, scutellar disc and pronotum nitid; propodeum carinate with confused rugulose sculpture between carinae; fore wing vein r-m absent, thus the 2nd submarginal cell open; basal width of petiole less than half the propodeum width.

The genus Streblocera Westwood is reported for the first time from India with S. macroscapa (Ruthe), a species which was known only from Palaearctic region.

Streblocera macroscapa (Ruthe)

Microctonus macroscapa Ruthe, 1856 : 291 Streplocera macroscapa (Ruthe); Reinhard, 1862 : 327 Streplocera macroscapa (Ruthe); Watanabe, 1942 : 5 Streplocera macroscapa (Ruthe); Capek & Snoflak, 1959 : 348

Material examined : 5 q(^, 3 O?)? INDIA : Uttar Pradesh,

Aligarh, 8.viii.2000, Coll. Zubair Ahmad (ZDAMU).

Host: Unknown

Distribution :INDIA: Uttar Pradesh.

SUBFAMILY HORMIINAE FOERSTER

Hormioidae Foerster, 1862 : 227, 240 Hormiides Foerster; Marshall, 1872 : 99 Hormiinae Foerster; Marshall, 1887 : 58 Hormiidae Foerster; Marshall, 1888 : 252 Hormiini Foerster; Ashmead, 1900 : 417 Hormiinae Foerster; Achterberg, 1993 : 21 Hormiinae Foerster; Whitfield & Wharton, 1997 : 285

Diagnosis : Occipital carina present; posterior portion of petiole and metasomal tergite 2+3 and often 4-6 desclerotized and membranous medially but some times metasoma heavily sclerotized and forming a carapace; median longitudinal carina of petiole absent; anterior surface of fore tibia without spines.

The subfamily Hormiinae is represented by five genera from India (Shenefelt, 1975; Papp, 1990; Narendran, 1999). A key to the Indian genera of the subfamily is also proposed.

Key to the Indian genera of the subfamily Hormiinae

1. Metasoma dorsally heavily sclerotized, forming a carapace 2

Metasoma dorsally usually desclerotized, not forming a carapace—3

2. Fore wing with vein r-m absent, thus the second submarginal cell open Cedria Wilkinson

Fore wing with vein r-m present, forming a complete second submarginal cell - Aulosaphes Muesebeck

3. Prepectal carina present Hormius Nees

Prepectal carina absent 4

4. Mesonotum finely sculptured, usually granular, coriaceous and densely covered with short setae Avga Nixon

Mesonotum polished and largely bare Parahormius Nixon

Genus Parahormius Nixon

Parahormius Nixon, 1940 : 473 Type-species : Parahormius jason Nixon, 1940; original designation. Parahormius Nixon; Narendran et. al., w.d. : 53

Diagnosis : Head usually smooth and shining, pronotum much shorter in dorsal view; mesonotum polished and largely bare; prepectal carina absent; petiole smooth, highly polished; metasomal tergites beyond the petiole for the most part thin and membranous; ovipositor of the female usually down curved, some times near straight but never curved upward.

The genus Parahormius Nixon is represented by six species from India. A key to the Indian species of the genus is also provided.

Key to the Indian species of the genus Parahormius Nixon (after Narendran et. al., w.d.)

1. Fore wing with 3-SR shorter than r or equal to r 2

Fore wing with 3-SR distinctly longer than r 4

2. Antenna with 19 segments; malar space a little more than one third

length of eye Jason Nixon

Antenna with 23 segments; malar space not as in above 3

3. Ratio of malar space to eye length 1:4; first tergite of gaster white— deiphobus Nixon

Ratio of malar space to eye length 1:6; first tergite of gaster not white, yellowish brown zonus Narendran

4. Ovipositor sheath longer than half of combined length of gastral segments; antenna of female with 19 segments— absonus Narendran

Ovipositor sheath shorter than one-fourth of combined length of gastral segments; antenna of female with more than 19 segments—5

5. Prescutellar sulcus crenulated; SR-1 almost straight rameshi Narendran

Prescutellar sulcus smooth; SR-1 slightly filled upwards stom Narendran

Parahormius deiphobus Nixon

Parahormius deiphobus Nixon, 1940 : 479 Parahormius deiphobus Nixon; Hedqvist, 1963 : 49

Material examined : 1 Q, 1 O, INDIA : Uttaranchal, Dehradun, 10.iv. 1938, ex. bred from unidentified leaf roller on Dahlbergia sissoo. Coll. not stated (F.R.I.)

Host : Unidentified leaf roller on Dahlbergia sissoo.

Distribution rINDIA : Punjab, Uttranchal

Parahormius Jason Nixon

Pamhormius jason Nixon, 1940 : 478 Parahormius jason Nixon; Mathur, 1842 : 54

Material examined : 2 00, INDIA : Punjab (Changa Manga Plantation), 23-26.iv. 1938, ex.bred from unidentified leaf roller on Dahlbergia sissoo. Coll. not stated (F.R.I.).

Host : Unidentified leaf roller on Dalbergia sissoo.

Distribution :INDIA : Punjab, Uttranchal

100

SUMMARY

Braconid parasitoids are one of the most important group used in the biological control. It is largely accepted that a sound taxonomic base is essential for any biological control programme. This is so because the taxonomic research can lead us to the correct identification of both the pest and their biological control agent.

The present study is confined to the taxonomic studies of the subfamily Braconinae, Euphorinae and Hormiinae. Braconine belongs to 'cyclostome' group of Braconidae. Most are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of larval coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Phytophagous Hymenoptera. All euphorines are non-cyclostome Koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval and adult coleoptera and mainly adult Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Psocoptera and Orthoptera. Hormiines are cyclostome braconids which contains Idiobiont ectoparasitoids of the larvae of Lepidoptera, Diptera, coleoptera and Tenthredinidae (Achterberg, 1993; Whitfield & Wharton, 1997).

In the present work in all 41 genera belonging to Braconinae (32), Euphorinae (4) and Horminae (5) have been recorded from India of which 5 genera viz., (i) Africadesha (ii) Pseudoshirakia (iii) Testudobracon (iv) Centistes and (v) Streblocera are reported for the first time and a new genus Zakaella gen.nov. is proposed. In all 47 species have been studied, out of which 15 new species viz., (i) Africadesha gimlurensis sp.nov. (ii) A. indica sp.nov. (iii) Eutropobracon granulatus sp. nov. (iv) E. punctatus sp.nov. (v) Habrobracon bicolor sp.nov. (vi)

101

Pachybracon aligarhensis sp.nov. (vii) P. biharensis sp.nov. (viii)

Pseudoshirakia aligarhensis sp.nov. (ix) P. bengalemis sp. nov. (x) P. biharensis sp.nov. (xi) Testudobracon asphondyliae sp.nov. (xii) Tropobracon hayati sp.nov. (xiii) T. shafeei sp.nov. (xiv) Physaraia indica sp.nov. and (xv) Centistes indicus sp.nov. are added to the existing fauna of Indian Braconidae. Further, 2 new combinations viz., (i) Zakaella alami (Zaka-ur-Rab), comb.nov. and (ii) Aridelus flavicoxae (Shujauddin), comb.nov. have been proposed as well as 3 species viz., (i) Tropobracon infuscatus Achterberg (ii) Tropobracon comorensis Aschterberg and (iii) Streblocera macroscapa (Ruthe) are recorded for the first time from India. Brief diagnosis and keys to Indian tribes and genera of Braconinae and brief diagnosis and keys to the Indian genera of Euphorinae and Hormiinae are given. Separate keys to the Indian species of the genera viz., Africadesha Quicke, Bracon Fabricius, Eutropobracon Ayyar, Habrobracon Ashmead, Pachybracon Cameron, Physaraia Shenefelt, Pseudoshirakia Achterberg, Stenobracon Szepligeti, Tropobracon Cameron and Parahormius Nixon are also proposed. The status of the family Braconidae is discussed and the new texa have been illustrated with the help of 117 diagrams.

Figs. 1 - 6 : Africadesha gunturensis sp. nov., Q 1. Fore wing 2. Propodeum 3. Tergites lstand2nd 4. Hind leg 5. Antenna 6. Antenna, basal flagellomeres Scale line : 0.5 mm

Figs. 7-11: Africadesha indica sp. nov., Q 7. Fore wing 8. Antenna, basal flagellomeres 9. Propodeum 10. Tarsal claws with basal lobe 11. Hind leg Scale lines for figs. 7 & 11=0.5 mm; figs. 8 & 9 = 0.3 mm; fig. 10 = 0.1 mm

Figs. 12 -15 : Eutropobracon granulatus sp. nov., Q 12. Metasoma 13. Antenna, basal flagellomeres 14. Mesosoma 15. Ovipositor Scale line for figs. 12, 14 & 15 = 0.5 mm; fig. 13 = 0.25 mm.

Figs. 16 - 23 : Eutropobracon punctatus sp. nov. Q

16. Head, dorsal aspect

17. Mesosoma

18. Metasomal tergites 1st - 3rd.

19. Apical flagellomeres

20. Basal flagellomeres

21. Tarsal claws with basal lobe 22. Venation of median part of fore wing 23. Ovipositor

Scale lines for Figs. 16-18 & 21-23 = 0.5 mm; figs. 19-20 = 0.2 mm.

II ca«f"'^'''"''''^*

Figs. 24-31 : Habrobracon bicolor sp. nov., O

24. Head, dorsal aspect

25. Mesosoma

26. Antenna

27. Metasoma

28. Fore wing

29. Hind leg

30. Tarsal claw

31. Ovipositor Scale lines for figs. 24 - 29 = 0.5 mm and figs. 30-31 = 0.1 mm.

Figs. 32 - 38 : Pachybracon aligarhensis sp. nov., Q

32. Fore wing 33. Head, dorsal aspect

34. Propodeum

35. Metasomal tergites 1st - 2nd

36. Hind leg

37. Ovipositor sheath

38. Antenna, basal flagellomeres. Scale lines for figs. 32-37 = 0.5 nun and fig. 38 = 0.3 mm.

Figs. 39 - 46 : Pachybracon biharensis sp. nov., Q

39. Fore wing

40. Head, dorsal aspect

41. Propodeum

42. Metasomal tergites 1st - 2nd

43. Hind leg

44. Tarsal claws with basal lobe

45. Antenna, basal flagellomeres

46. Antenna Scale lines fore figs. 39-43 & 46 = 0.5 mm; figs. 44-45 - -0.3 mm

44 45 46

Figs. 47 - 52 : Pseudoshirakia aligarhensis sp. nov., Q 47. Metasomal tergites 1st - 3rd 48. Venation of median part of fore wing 49. Hind leg 50. Antenna, basal flagellomeres 51. Antenna, apical flagellomeres 52. Ovipositor Scale lines fore figs. 47 & 49 = 1.0 mm; figs 48 & 50-52 = 0.5 mm.

Figs. 53 - 58 : Pseudoshirakia bengalensis sp. nov., Q

53. Metasomal tergites 1st - 3rd

54. Venation of median part of fore wing

55. Hind leg

56. Antenna, basal flagellomeres

57. Antenna, apical flagellomeres

58. Ovipositor

Scale lines for figs. 53 & 55 = 1.0 mm; fig. 54 = 0.25 mm; figs. 56 & 57 = 0.5 and fig. 58 = 0.2 mm.

Figs. 59 - 67 : Pseudoshirakia biharensis sp. nov., Q 59. Fore wing 60. Venation of median part of fore wing 61. Metasomal tergites 1st - 3rd 62. Hind leg 63. Tarsal claws with basal lobe 64. Antena, basal part 65. Antenna, apical flagellomeres 66. Antenna 67. Ovipositor Scale lines of figs. 59 & 66 = 1.0 mm; fig. 60 = 0.25 mm; figs. 61, 62 & 67 = 0.5 mm; figs.6 3 - 65 = 0.2 mm.

Figs. 68 - 73 : Testudobracon asphondyliae p. nov., Q 68. Fore wing 69. Hind wing 70. Antenna 71. Metasomal tergite 6 72. Head, dorsal view 73. Antenna, apical flagellomeres Scale lines for figs. 68-70 = 1.0 mm; figs. 71-72 = 0.5 mm and fig. 73 = 0.3 mm.

71 72

Figs. 74 - 79 : Tropobracon hayati sp. nov., O

74. Fore wing

75. Hind wing

76. Head, dorsal aspect

77. Metasomal tergites 1st - 3rd

78. Hind leg

79. Antenna

Scale .1.0 mm.

Figs. 80 - 89: Tropobracon shafeei sp. nov., Q 80. Fore wing

81. Hind wing

82. Head, dorsal aspect

83. Mesosoma

84. Head, frontal aspect

85. Metasomal tergites 1st - 3rd

86. Hind leg

87. Antenna

88. Tarsal claws with basal lobes

89. Ovipositor and ovipositor sheaths

Scale : 1.0 mm

Figs. 90 - 100 : Physaraia indica sp. nov., Q

90. Fore wing

91. Hind wing

92. Head, dorsal aspect

93. Head, lateral aspect

94. Metasoma

95. Metasomal spines

96. Hind leg

97. Antenna

98. Antenna, basal part

99. Antenna, apical flagellomeres

100. Tarsal claws with basal lobe

Scale lines for figs. 90-93 & 96-97 = 0.5 mm; figs. 94-95 = 1.0 mm; figs. 98-100 = 0.25 mm.

Figs. 101-109 : Zakaella alami gen. nov., comb, nov., Q

101. Head, frontal view

102. Mesoscutum

103. 2nd metasomal tergite

104. Venation of median part of hind wing

105. Venation of median part of fore wing

106. Scape and pedicel

107. Apical flagellomeres

108. Ovipositor

109. Mid teleotarsus and tarsal claws.

Scale lines for ifgs. 101-105 = 0.5 mm; figs. 106-109 = 0.2 mm.

Figs. 110-117 : Centistes indicus sp. nov., Q

110. Antenna

111. Head, frontal view

112. Head,dorsal view

113. Fore wing

114. Hind wing

115. Hind leg

116. First metasomal tergite 117. Ovipositor Scale lines for figs. 110, 113, 114 & 115 = 0.5 mm; figs. HI, 112 & 116 = 0.25 mm; fig. 117 = 0.1 mm.

116 117

102

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CORRIGENDUM

Page 9, AOL, Anterior ocellar line instead of Anterior ocular line POL, Posterior ocellar line instead of Posterior ocular line 0OD instead of OOD.

Page 20, ine 17, Bathyaulacini instead of Baihyaulacini Page 36, ine 21, denigrator instead of denigralor Page 52, ine 3, Glabrobracon instead of Globrobracon Page 60, ine 19, ovipositor instead of ovipositar Page 62, ine 14, ovipositor instead of ovipositar Page 63, ine 15, ovipositor instead of ovipositar Page 67, ine 19, malar instead of molar Page 67, ine 20, notauli instead of 6 notauli Page 70, ine 7, malar instead of molar Page 73, ine 1, view instead of vein Page 73, ine 5, malar instead of molar Page 86, ine 11-15 deleted Page 89, ine 5, Type-species instead of Typoe-species