Histcart News Fall 2011
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Introduction
Introduction Mark Monmonier An encyclopedia refl ects a design and a process that not ity of offi cial delineations, and participatory mapping only determine its content but also limit and enhance its was a recurrent theme at academic conferences. usefulness. In addition to providing a comprehensive de- Indeed, as mapping practices pervaded all parts of the scription of the intellectual design of Cartography in the globe and all levels of society, and mapping became more Twentieth Century, this introduction situates volume 6 important as a tool for coping with complexity, organiz- as part of the larger History of Cartography series and ing knowledge, and infl uencing public opinion, scholars concludes with practical advice for users. It begins with recognized the need (belatedly perhaps) for a critical a concise overview of the importance of the twentieth appraisal of the use, misuse, and effectiveness of maps century as a period that saw broad changes in the form, for exploration, regulation, management, planning, and use, and circulation of maps. At the end of the volume persuasion. Understanding the importance of maps as a brief processual history describes the complex process tools also demands a conscientious effort to disentangle of implementing the logic and systematic strategy de- signifi cant, demonstrable impacts like those described in scribed below. volume 6 from assumptions based largely on theory or conjecture. During the twentieth century simplistic no- Mapping in the Twentieth Century tions of the map as an objective representation -
The History of Cartography in Albania
THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY IN ALBANIA Shehu, A. and Nikolli, P. Tirana University, History and Philology Faculty, Dept. of Geography, Tirana, Albania. E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] ABSTRACT Cartographers, historians and institutions from various European and others countries of the World have created a lot of maps and atlases, where it is shown the spread of Albanians and of Albania in space and time, beginning from the Homeric age until the end of the Second World War. Among the maps we discern the map of Homer, Anaximandros and Herodotus, the map of ancient Greece and the map of Illyrian provinces etc. In the Homer's map, the fact of great interest for us is the name "Thesprotia", where Homer indicates the presence of Illyrian tribes. But from the cartographic point of view, the length of the name of bordering units is shorter, compared with the cartographic bordering line, so that the spread of the Illyrian tribes (and kingdoms) is up to the North and down to the South of name "Thesprotia. This fact will be better evident on the other maps. Homer's map was improved by Anaximandros, in year 565 BC On the map of Herodotus we are interested in two names - Illyrii and Thermopylac. The name “Illyrii” represent Illyrians, the respective inscription begins at the Venice Bay, while the second name “Thermopylac” stands for the border between Greece and the Illyrian kingdom. On this map we detect the geographical position of the river (Ister). This river together with a part of the Danube river create frontier of the lands of Pannonia, where our ancestors, the Illyrians, lived. -
2 Centers of Europe
Máté Zombory Centers of Europe 2 Centers of Europe Máté Zombory Chantal Akerman’s film, D’Est, makes a journey from eastern Germany, across Poland and the Baltics, to Moscow, from the end of summer to an ice cold win- ter. Presenting scenes from everyday life in the former Eastern Bloc in 1993 in a neutral style, without comment, narration or dialogue, the film shows the “real” Eastern Europe; yet in a way, that is somehow disturbing. The title, together with the journey of the camera, quickly brings into play the familiar image of the hier- archical relation in which the positive West assumes the role of a model for the negative East, the latter taking the position of the good student: the developing economy or the democratizing mentality. However, the journey that Akerman’s film retraces does not slide toward barbarism. With their lightness of touch, the film’s visual representations, pictures of city streets, apartment interiors or faces of people waiting in a bus terminal, jar with the popular image of “the East”. Immediately after the fall of the Iron Curtain, the viewers are left alone with the troubling pictures of a journey eastwards, pictures which are not stable and given, but uncertain and mobile just like the tracking shots in the film, when the camera effectively never stops moving. It is precisely this movement in relation to which the stability of geographic positions can be represented. The concept of Central Europe, redefined and propa- gated among others by Kundera in the 1980s, is a good example of the popular geographic imaginary mentioned above. -
Focus on Africa
BIMCC Newsletter No 21 January 2005 ISSN 1379-3306 www.bimcc.org FocusFocus onon AfricaAfrica ReportReport onon 44ththth InternationalInternational BIMCCBIMCC ConferenceConference IntoInto andand OutOut ofof AfricaAfrica CartographicCartographic entriesentries inin Stanley’sStanley’s sketchsketch booksbooks ReviewReview ofof booksbooks onon AfricaAfrica ((JourneyJourney intointo Africa,Africa, ImperialImperial footprintsfootprints)) RecentRecent auctionauction resultsresults onon AfricaAfrica MapMap ofof thethe seasonseason:: L’AfriqueL’Afrique Centrale,Centrale, byby A.J.A.J. WautersWauters Also in this issue Le Jeu de France-Pierre Duval’s map game An extraordinary example of local cartography January 2005 BIMCC Newsletter 21 1 1 When planning, building, extending your map and atlas collection visit our Sponsors : They deserve your confidence IRIS ANTIQUE GLOBES / La Route du Papier RESTORATION Av. des Mimosas 83 STUDIO B-1150 Brussels Paul Peters B.V. Tel +32/(0)2/733.53.57 Dorpstr. 31b Fax +32/(0)2/735.59.20 NL 7218 AB ALMEN [email protected] Tel +31/575-43.94.40 www.laroutedupapier.com Fax +31/575-43.39.73 Supplier of equipment and materials for www.irisglobes.nl the conservation and restoration Large stock of historically important of books, maps, prints, photographs, etc. globes, armillary spheres, planetaria, maps. Restoration of paper, leather, vellum, charters If you are a PROFESSIONNAL selling, or restoring, ancient maps, atlases, globes, engravings, etc., you should consider SPONSORING the BIMCC: your advertisements in this Newsletter (and also on our website www.bimcc.org) will reach a selected audience of enlightened amateurs and map enthusiasts. For conditions, please contact: Secretary Eric Leenders, Zwanenlaan 16, B-2610 Antwerpen ([email protected]) Special thanks to our benefactors : Cartographica Neerlandica André Vanden Eynde The Ortelius Specialist 59, rue de Stassart, B-1050 Brussels Soestdijkseweg 101 Tel +32/(0)2/514.40.47 NL-3721 AA Bilthoven Tel. -
The Book of Roger Brady Hibbs Ouachita Baptist University
Ouachita Baptist University Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita History Class Publications Department of History 3-31-2015 The Book of Roger Brady Hibbs Ouachita Baptist University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/history Part of the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Hibbs, Brady, "The Book of Roger" (2015). History Class Publications. 22. https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/history/22 This Class Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Class Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Brady Hibbs 31 March 2015 Medieval Europe The Book of Roger Tabula Rogeriana (Latin for “Book of Roger) is the name of a publication created by Arab cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154 under the guidance of King Roger II of Sicily. The book is recognized for its groundbreaking world map and its accompanying descriptions and information regarding the areas shown in the map. The world map is divided into 70 regional maps, with these divisions dictated by the seven climate zones (originally proposed by Ptolemy) al-Idrisi used for the map along with ten geographical sections (Glick, 2014). The book begins with the southwestern most section, which includes the Canary Islands, to the easternmost section, then proceeds northward until each section has been represented. With each section, al-Idrisi gives textual descriptions of the land in the maps and described the people who were indigenous to those regions. The whole map includes lands from Spain in the east to China in the west, and Scandinavia in the north, down to Africa in the south. -
Editorial: Formatting Europe –Mapping a Continent
Belgeo Revue belge de géographie 3-4 | 2008 Formatting Europe – Mapping a Continent Editorial: Formatting Europe –Mapping a Continent Wulf Bodenstein Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/7653 DOI: 10.4000/belgeo.7653 ISSN: 2294-9135 Publisher: National Committee of Geography of Belgium, Société Royale Belge de Géographie Printed version Date of publication: 31 December 2008 Number of pages: 241-244 ISSN: 1377-2368 Electronic reference Wulf Bodenstein, “Editorial: Formatting Europe –Mapping a Continent”, Belgeo [Online], 3-4 | 2008, Online since 22 May 2013, connection on 05 February 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ belgeo/7653 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.7653 This text was automatically generated on 5 February 2021. Belgeo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Editorial: Formatting Europe –Mapping a Continent 1 Editorial: Formatting Europe – Mapping a Continent Wulf Bodenstein The BIMCC gratefully acknowledges the support received from its usual Sponsors and Benefactors (see www.bimcc.org) and, in particular, the special effort made by: Antiquariaat Plantijn, Chaam (NL), www.plantijnmaps.com Antiquariaat Sanderus, Gent (B), www.sanderusmaps.com Dieter Bohrmann, Hasselt (B) Henri Godts, Brussels (B), www.godts.com Puilaetco Dewaay Private Bankers, Brussels (B), www.puilaetcodewaay.be The Romantic Agony Book Auctions, Brussels (B), www.romaticagony.com Paulus Swaen Internet Auctions, Paris (F), www.swaen.com The organization of the conference benefited from a financial aid by the Belgian science policy (F7835/0700066/058) Europalia, the largest cultural festival in Europe, is staged every two years in Brussels and in Belgium to celebrate the cultural heritage of one invited country. -
1 Order, Distance, and Local Development Over the Long-Run1
Order, Distance, and Local Development over the Long-Run1 Jan Pierskalla Department of Political Science The Ohio State University Anna Schultz Department of Political Science Duke University Erik Wibbels (corresponding author) Department of Political Science Duke University [email protected] 1 We are grateful to the editors of QJPS, two reviewers, Phil Keefer, Louis Putterman, and Pablo Beramendi for helpful comments and suggestions. Diego Romero provided excellent research assistance. 1 Abstract We argue that local, long-term exposure to a centralized political authority determines sub-national patterns of contemporary economic development. Older research on economic development has focused on cross-national income accounts, often ignoring the large sub-national variation in income differences. Likewise, research on the effects of political institutions on development has mostly neglected sub-national variation in the institutional environment. Yet a growing body of work shows that the geographic reach of states within countries and their ability to foster economic exchange have varied dramatically through history. We contribute to recent research on sub-national development by creating a new measure of local historical exposure to state institutions that codes geographic distance to historical capital cities and use highly spatially disaggregated data on economic development, based on satellite data, to test their relationship. We find clear evidence, using fixed effects estimations for a European and global dataset, that local historical -
Re-Creating the Lost Silver Map of Al-Idrisi
RE-CREATING THE LOST SILVER MAP OF AL-IDRISI Entertainment for he who longs to travel the world In 1154 the Muslim scholar Al-Sharīf al-Idrīsī The silver disk is now lost, and the Entertainment compiled a geographical compendium for the survives only in the form of later manuscript copies. Norman ruler of Sicily, King Roger II, entitled the In a groundbreaking project, Factum Foundation Entertainment for He who Longs to Travel the World has teamed up with the Bodleian Library, the (Nuzhat al-mushtāq fi’khtirāq al-āfāq). The cartographic historian Professor Jerry Brotton, and Entertainment contained seventy regional maps Daniel Crouch Rare Books to re-create al-Idrisi’s of the known world, as well as a world map that fabled silver disk from an Ottoman copy of the represented the most technically sophisticated Entertainment held in the Bodleian Library, mapmaking of its time. Drawing on classical Oxford. Neither facsimile nor copy, this re-creation Graeco-Roman learning and Islamic geography, combines painstaking historical research with combined with accounts of contemporary travellers, advanced digital techniques and the highest levels Idrisi used his geographical data to make a single of craftsmanship. It pays tribute to the lost original, round map engraved onto a silver disk and set offering yet another layer to its complex and unique into a wooden table, with the Arabian peninsula history, and generating new research into one of and Mecca at its centre. the greatest of all Muslim mapmakers. Al-Idrisi and Roger ii: Mapping the world in the twelfth century A descendent of the prophet Mohammed via the King Roger was profoundly interested in ancient powerful Shi’a Idrisid dynasty, Abu Abdullah cartography. -
Introduction
Introduction Mark Monmonier An encyclopedia refl ects a design and a process that not ity of offi cial delineations, and participatory mapping only determine its content but also limit and enhance its was a recurrent theme at academic conferences. usefulness. In addition to providing a comprehensive de- Indeed, as mapping practices pervaded all parts of the scription of the intellectual design of Cartography in the globe and all levels of society, and mapping became more Twentieth Century, this introduction situates volume 6 important as a tool for coping with complexity, organiz- as part of the larger History of Cartography series and ing knowledge, and infl uencing public opinion, scholars concludes with practical advice for users. It begins with recognized the need (belatedly perhaps) for a critical a concise overview of the importance of the twentieth appraisal of the use, misuse, and effectiveness of maps century as a period that saw broad changes in the form, for exploration, regulation, management, planning, and use, and circulation of maps. At the end of the volume persuasion. Understanding the importance of maps as a brief processual history describes the complex process tools also demands a conscientious effort to disentangle of implementing the logic and systematic strategy de- signifi cant, demonstrable impacts like those described in scribed below. volume 6 from assumptions based largely on theory or conjecture. During the twentieth century simplistic no- Mapping in the Twentieth Century tions of the map as an objective representation -
Positionit August 2013.Indd
Visualisation technical Mapping through the ages: the history of cartography by Caitlin Dempsey, GIS Lounge The fascination and interest for the world that we inhabit, has been inherent to human nature since prehistoric times. Some of the cave paintings and other representations on bones and artifacts, which used to be viewed as mere artistic representations, have turned out to be, according to the latest research, maps of hunting areas, streams, routes, and even maps of the stars. he oldest recorded route that we then disappear from history forever. climatic zones and country positions. have evidence of is a 2,7 m wall Throughout history, there are five maps Anaximander, for instance, was the first Tpainting, found in 1963 of a that have been particularly noteworthy. to draw a map of the known world, town plan, showing buildings and a From the earliest maps to maps that while Pythagoras of Samos speculated volcano, found in Anatolia, dated 6100 have played a significant role in history, about the notion of a spherical earth – 6300 BC. It is also known that the listed here chronologically are notable with a central fire at its core. When Egyptions created early representations events in the history of mapmaking as the geographers of the Greek era of maps and routes on papyrus, but well as the world's oldest maps. started estimating scientifically the due to the short life of this type of circumference of the earth, a huge surface, little evidence of these maps Ancient cartography and impulse was given to the cartographic survived to modern times. -
Guía Mapas Castillo Salas Enero 2015 Inglés
GUIDE TO MAPS VALDÉS-SALAS CASTLE Nothern Spain from the Al-Idrisi map (1154) This document can be downloaded from www.fundacionValdesSalas.es and www.aulaValdesSalas.es This exhibition of maps in the Valdés-Salas Castle represents the evolution of the European view of the world since the beginning of the Primitive Pilgrim Route to Santiago (9th Century) until the death of Fernando de Valdés (1568), Archbishop, General Inquisitor and founder of the University of Oviedo. Fernando Valdes, born in 1483 in this castle, lived in a time of great change in society and in the view of the known world. During his lifetime, the maps begin to serve multiple purposes, some of them already traditional: management, city planning, the resolution of legal disputes, merchant shipping, military strategy, etc. The growing importance of maps during that time can be illustrated by the estimates of maps available: in the period 1400- 1472 there were only a few hundreds of maps, in the period 1472- 1500 the figure was around 56,000 maps and in the period 1500 - 1600 there were millions of maps already available (The History of Cartography, University of Chicago Press, available free of charge on the Internet ). The time of Fernando de Valdés represents a turning point in the convergence of cultures. In 1480, major world sailing communities were separated by large expanses of unexplored sea and landmasses with unknown surfaces areas and shapes. The usual European sailing routes were limited to the North Atlantic, the Baltic and the Mediterranean. In the late 15th Century, the voyages of the Portuguese towards the East and the Spanish to the West, with the discovery of America in 1492, connected separate worlds and encouraged communication between civilizations such as had never occurred before in history. -
Exploration – Maps Bibliographic Organizer
Exploration – Maps Bibliographic Organizer The oldest extant rectangular world map: Book 2, Chapter 2 (MS. Arab. c. 90, fols. 23b-24a). © The Bodleian Library. (Source). The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford has purchased the medieval Arabic manuscript Kitab Gharaib al-funun wa-mulah al-uyun popularised under the title the Book of Curiosities, an exceptionally rich text on cosmography. The treatise is one of the most important recent finds in the history of Islamic cartography in particular, and for the history of pre-modern cartography in general. The manuscript, a highly illustrated treatise on astronomy and geography compiled by an unknown author between 1020 and 1050, contains an important and hitherto unknown series of colourful maps, giving unique insight into Islamic concepts of the world. This high-quality digital reproduction includes interactive displays, through mouse-over techniques, as well as access to a modern Arabic edition and an annotated English translation. http://www.muslimheritage.com/node/833 Tabula Rogeriana, Drawn by al-Idrisi for Roger II of Sicily in 1154 http://sites.austincc.edu/caddis/age-of-exploration/ https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/geographia-from-antiquity-to-the-space-age/ The Tabula Puetingeriana (Peutinger Table, Peutinger Map) is an itineraria of the Roman road network. The section shown here is from Rome (far left) to the tip of Italy (far right). Africa is at the bottom, the rest of Europe at the top, and the body of water is the Mediterranean Sea. This is an excellent example of a practical map based on the linear routes of Roman roads, but looks nothing like the accurate cartographic projection of the Mediterranean region.