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Aquaculture Growth Potential in Honduras

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Aquaculture Growth Potential in Honduras Aquaculture growth potential in Honduras WAPI factsheet to facilitate evidence-based policy- making and sector management in aquaculture December 2019 Preparation of this factsheet • This factsheet provides data and information to facilitate the assessment of aquaculture growth potential in Honduras. • Analyses in the factsheet are based on official data and statistics published by FAO and other international or national organizations. The data and statistics, which were the most updated at the time when the factsheet was prepared, may differ from data and statistics used in other WAPI factsheets because of different data sources or different versions of the same datasets. • The validity and relevance of the results depend on the quality (in terms of timeliness and accuracy) of the underlying data and statistics used in the analyses – see some remarks on data and statistics on Slide 7 and Slide 8. • Unless noted otherwise, country grouping in this factsheet follows the United Nations M49 standard; under which Mexico belongs to Central America, whereas Northern America includes Canada and the United States of America as well as a few island territories. • The preparation of the factsheet has benefited from tables and charts generated by various World Aquaculture Performance Indicator (WAPI) modules. Most of these data analysis tools are for FAO internal use, yet some of them are available for test use. Visit the WAPI webpage for more information about WAPI information and knowledge products. • The factsheet was prepared by Junning Cai, Xiaowei Zhou and Giulia Galli. Alejandro Flores, Dennis Latimer, Audun Lem, Alessandro Lovatelli, Ana Menezes and Xinhua Yuan are acknowledged for their highly valuable review of the factsheet. • Contact: Junning Cai (FAO Aquaculture Officer); [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Highlights (I) • Geo-location, natural resources, population and income Honduras is a lower-middle-income country in Central America with 9.6 million population in 2018 (expected to reach 11.4 million in 2030 and 13.8 million in 2050) and much lower per capita GDP than the world/regional/sub-regional average. Per capita land area, per capita inland water surface area, and per capita coastline length are lower than the world averages, whereas per capita renewable freshwater resources is greater than the world average. • Food security, nutrition and health Honduras’ per capita total (i.e. animal and vegetal) protein intake in 2013 was lower than the Central America and world averages. Compared to the world/regional/sub-regional averages, the country underperformed in several nutrition or health indicators, such as “prevalence of undernourishment”, “percentage of children stunted”, and “prevalence of obesity in the adult population”. The country’s 73.8 years of life expectancy at birth in 2017 was higher than the world average yet lower than the sub-regional (Central America) and regional (Latin America and the Caribbean) averages. • Contribution of fish to food and nutrition Honduras’ fish share in animal protein intake (declined from 4.8 percent in 1993 to 4.6 percent in 2013) was lower than the sub-regional, regional and world averages. In 2013, 77.1 percent of food fish supply came from domestic production, and 71 percent of food fish utilization went to export. Only 19 percent of the increase in food fish supply from domestic resources between 1993 and 2013 went to domestic consumption; the rest 81 percent contributed to the increase in net export. 3 Highlights (II) • Domestic fish market (fish consumption) The increase in Honduras’ total fish consumption between 1993 and 2013 was driven entirely by population growth, whereas per capita fish consumption declined from 3.42 kg to 3.38 kg. As the only country in Central America with declined per capita fish consumption during 1993–2013, its 3.38 kg per capita fish consumption in 2013 was much lower than the sub- regional, regional and world averages. The shellfish share in the country’s fish consumption (50.7 percent in 2013) was higher than the Central America and world averages. • Fish trade Honduras’ fish export exceeded fish import by USD 430 million in 2017, and the fish export price was much higher the fish import price. The contribution of fish to the country’s total export value increased from 3.38 percent in 2005 to 9.11 percent in 2017, whereas the fish share in its total import value declined from 0.33 percent to 0.27 percent. • Fish export The 5.28 percent annual growth in Honduras’ fish export value between 2000 and 2017 was higher than the Central America average. The country’s fish export in 2017 (USD 453 million) was composed primarily of crustaceans and freshwater fishes, including 78.73 percent of marine shrimps/prawns, 10.48 percent of tilapias and 8.1 percent of lobsters. • Fish import The 2 percent annual growth in Honduras’ fish import value between 2000 and 2017 was lower than the Central America average. The country’s fish import in 2017 (USD 23 million) was composed primarily of finfish (54.8 percent of marine fishes and 25.2 percent of freshwater fishes) and crustaceans (11.9 percent). 4 Highlights (III) • Total fishery production Honduras' total fishery production increased from 500 tonnes in 1950 to 72 100 tonnes in 2017 with rapid aquaculture growth yet declined capture fisheries production since the early 1990s. Crustaceans and freshwater fishes accounted for, respectively, 54.2 percent and 41.7 percent of its total fishery production in 2017. • Capture fisheries production Honduras’ capture fisheries production declined from 17 915 tonnes in 2000 to 10 600 tonnes in 2017 (the lowest among countries in Central America). The country’s capture fisheries was conducted primarily in marine areas, whereas inland fisheries accounted for less than 1 percent of its capture fisheries production in 2017. The country’s capture fisheries production in 2017 primarily comprised crustaceans (71.6 percent), marine fishes (17.9 percent) and molluscs (7.6 percent), with lobsters accounting for 57.6 percent of its capture fisheries tonnage in 2017. • Aquaculture production Honduras’ aquaculture production increased from 10 053 tonnes in 2000 to 61 500 tonnes in 2017 (the 2nd largest in Central America, next only to Mexico); the 11.2 percent annual growth rate during 2000–2017 was higher than that of Central America. The country’s aquaculture share in total fishery production increased from 35.9 percent in 2000 to 85.3 percent in 2017. Its aquaculture production in 2017 was contributed by only two species, whiteleg shrimp (31 500 tonnes; USD 173 million farmgate value) and Nile tilapia (30 000 tonnes; USD 81 million farmgate value), which are two important export commodities of the country. 5 Highlights (IV) • Outlook From the demand-side perspective, fish supply generated by trend aquaculture growth in Honduras would be more than enough to cover the fish demand growth driven by population growth between 2017 and 2030, but would be insufficient to cover the fish demand growth driven by both population growth and an increase in per capita fish consumption to the baseline level of Central America (11.49 kg). Aquaculture in Honduras would need to grow 7.7 percent during 2017–2030 in order to generate enough fish supply to satisfy the fish demand growth driven by both population growth and the higher per capita fish demand. From the supply-side perspective, Honduras’ share in the world aquaculture production in 2017 was smaller than its share of world total land area, its share of world total renewable water resources and its share of the world population. The country’s share in the world inland aquaculture production was greater than its share of world total inland water surface area, whereas its share of the world marine aquaculture production was less than its share of world total coastline length. • A bird’s eye view of aquaculture sites and farming systems in Honduras Including satellite images of (i) tilapia pond culture in Cortes; (ii) tilapia cage culture in El Cajón Dam; and (iii) shrimp farming near the Gulf of Fonseca. 6 Remarks on data and statistics presented in this factsheet • This factsheet relies on official data and statistics readily available to the public. Some important dimensions such as aquaculture’s contribution to GDP and employment are not evaluated due to the lack of data. • The less than 5 kg/year per capita fish consumption in Honduras in 2013 reflected the average level for the country as a whole, whereas per capita fish consumption in coastal communities could be much higher. • Fish consumption statistics presented in this factsheet are apparent fish consumption estimated in the FAO Food Balance Sheet (FBS) – see Slide 24 for more information. Their accuracy is reliance on the quality of the FBS variables used for the estimation. For example, underestimated fish production would tend to result in underestimated apparent fish consumption. • While the FAO trade statistics indicate that Honduras exported 80 402 tonnes (product weight) of seafood products in 2017 (Slide 40), the FAO production statistics indicate that the country’s total fishery production in 2017 was only 72 100 tonnes (live weight; Slide 51). Such a large discrepancy cannot be entirely explained by transshipments (i.e. re-exports). One possible cause could be underestimated aquaculture and/or fisheries production statistics in Honduras for various reasons (e.g. unaccounted production of IUU fishing). The quality of trade statistics and the comparability of production and trade statistics could also contribute to the discrepancy. • In any case, more efforts are needed to improve the quality of the FAO data and statistics on aquaculture and fisheries in Honduras – see the next slide for further discussion in this regard. 7 Remarks on Honduras aquaculture statistical data • Honduras has not been able to report any aquaculture production data to FAO since 2013.
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