Ecuador Official Title: Republic of Ecuador General Information

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Ecuador Official Title: Republic of Ecuador General Information: Capital Quito Population (million) 17.511n/a Total Area 283,561 km² Currency 1 CAN$=0.747 US $ (USD) (2020 - Annual average) National Holiday 10 August (1809 Independence Day) Language(s) Spanish (national), Kichwa, Shuar and other Indigenous languages Political Information: Type of State Unitary presidential republic Type of Government President elected for 4-year terms. The National Assembly is unicameral and has 137 members elected for a 4-year term: 15 from national lists, 6 representing Ecuadorians living abroad, 2 from autonomous regions, 2 from each province and metropolitan district, and 1 for each 200,000 inhabitants. The highest judicial bodies are the Constitutional Court and the Bilateral Product trade National Court of Justice. Ecuador has 24 provinces Canada - Ecuador 700 600 Balance Head of State Head of Government 500 400 Can. President President Exports 300 Guillermo Lasso Guillermo Lasso Can. Millions 200 Imports 100 Total Ministers: Foreign Affairs: Mauricio Montalvo 0 Trade Foreign Trade and Investment: Julio José Prado -100 Defence: Fernando Donoso Morán 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Finances: Simón Cueva Statistics Canada Main Political Parties National Assembly: Independents: 15, Democratic Left (ID): 18, Creating Opportunities Canadian Imports (CREO): 12, Pachakutik Plurinational Movement (MUPP-NP): 27, Social Christian Party from: (PSC): 16, Unión por la Esperanza (UNES): 49. Ecuador Veg. Prod. Food Prod. Animal & Prod. Fats, Oils & Waxes Prod. Plastics, Rubber Prod. Wood Prod. M ach. M ech. Elec. Prod. Glass & Stone Prod. Textiles Prod. Elections: Last:n/a February 2021. Next: 2025 M isc. Articles Base M etal Prod. 2020 Chemical Prod. Leather, Fur Prod. Economic Information: (2020) IMF (estimates) Statistics Canada Ecuador Canada GDP: (billion) $127.19n/a $2,162.38 Canadian Exports GDP per capita: $7,263.63n/a $56,945.03 to: Ecuador GDP Growth rate: (%) -7.50n/a -5.40 Veg. Prod. Inflation: (%) -0.34n/a 0.72 M ineral Prod. Unemployment: (%) 5.27n/a 9.60 M ach. M ech. Elec. Prod. Product Trade and Investment: (2020) Statistics Canada Chemical Prod. Canadian Exports: $394,398,879n/a Paper Prod. Canadian Imports: $242,446,039n/a Plastics, Rubber Prod. Foreign Direct Investment in Canada n/a (million) 2020 Canadian Direct Investment in country $2,893n/a (million) Vehicles and Equip. Statistics Canada Representation: Sources: Statistics/Industry Canada Foreign Representation in Canada http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/tdo-dcd.nsf/eng/Home Ambassador Diego Stacey IMF http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 Canadian Representation Abroad Ambassador Sylvie Bédard August 2021 www.international.gc.ca HTML version: https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/fact_sheet-fiche_documentaire/ecuador-equateur.aspx?lang=eng.

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Civil Liberties: 3 Aggregate Score: 60 Freedom Rating: 3.0 Overview
Ecuador Page 1 of 7 Published on Freedom House (https://freedomhouse.org) Home > Ecuador Ecuador Country: Ecuador Year: 2018 Freedom Status: Partly Free Political Rights: 3 Civil Liberties: 3 Aggregate Score: 60 Freedom Rating: 3.0 Overview: Elections take place regularly, though there are persistent concerns about politicization of the National Electoral Council (NEC). A leftist government has ruled the country since 2007. While former president Rafael Correa imposed restrictions on the media and civil society, a new administration that came to power in 2017 has begun rolling back repressive Correa-era policies. Ratings Change: Ecuador's civil liberties rating improved from 4 to 3, and it received an upward trend arrow, due to reduced pressure on the media and civil society, as well as progress on anticorruption efforts, under newly elected president Lenín Moreno. Political Rights and Civil Liberties: POLITICAL RIGHTS: 25 / 40 (+1) A. ELECTORAL PROCESS: 7 / 12 A1. Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 3 / 4 https://freedomhouse.org/print/49986 9/27/2018 Ecuador Page 2 of 7 The 2008 constitution provides for a directly elected president. The president has the authority to dissolve the legislature once in his term, which triggers new elections for both the assembly and the presidency, and to veto individual line items in legislation. In April 2017, Lenín Moreno of PAIS won the presidential runoff with 51 percent of the vote, defeating Guillermo Lasso of the Creating Opportunities–Society United for More Action (CREO-SUMA) alliance, who took 49 percent.
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Elections in Ecuador February 17 Presidential & Legislative Elections
Elections in Ecuador February 17 Presidential & Legislative Elections Frequently Asked Questions The Americas International Foundation for Electoral Systems 1850 K Street, NW | Fifth Floor | Washington, D.C. 20006 | www.IFES.org February 13, 2013 Frequently Asked Questions Who will Ecuadorians elect in the 2013 elections? ...................................................................................... 1 When are elections in Ecuador? ................................................................................................................... 1 When did the electoral process begin? ........................................................................................................ 1 How is Ecuador organized politically? .......................................................................................................... 1 What are the main political parties? ............................................................................................................ 2 Who is running for president and vice president? ....................................................................................... 2 How is election administration structured in Ecuador? ............................................................................... 3 Who can vote in this election? ..................................................................................................................... 3 During what hours will polling stations be open? .......................................................................................
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Why Not Anti-Populist Parties?
Why Not Anti-Populist Parties? Theory with Evidence from the Andes and Thailand Brandon Van Dyck Political parties are critical for democracy, but where do they come from? Recent analyses, building on classic works like Lipset and Rokkan and Huntington, show that episodes of extraordinary conflict and polarization spawn enduring parties.1 Such episodes—civil war, authoritarian repression, populist mobilization—furnish raw materials for party building. Polarization generates differentiated political identities. Extra-institutional conflict motivates groups to develop ground organizations. Adversity weeds out careerists, selecting for ideologues. Intragroup shared struggle and intergroup animosity and grievance cement in-group loyalties, discouraging defection. Through these mechanisms, polarization and conflict birth parties with distinct brands, territorial infrastructures, committed activists, and cohesion. Often, such episodes produce party systems. In Latin America, civil wars spawned stable two-party systems in Uruguay, Colombia, and (more recently) El Salvador, as warring sides evolved into parties after conflict ceased. In Brazil and Chile, bureaucratic authoritarianism generated stable right and left parties founded by the supporters and opponents of outgoing dictatorships.2 It is noteworthy, then, that populism typically generates just one strong party: a populist, not an anti-populist, one.3 Where successful, populists—defined as personalistic political outsiders who electorally mobilize the popular classes against the political and/or economic elite4—almost invariably polarize society and may engender sustained, even violent conflict between populist and anti-populist forces.5 Numerous populist parties have emerged from such conflicts. In the mid-twentieth century, populism produced Argentina’s Peronist party (PJ) and Peru’s American Revolutionary Popular Alliance (APRA).
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Ecuador Official Title: Republic of Ecuador General Information
Ecuador Official Title: Republic of Ecuador General Information: Capital Quito Population (million) 17n./0a23 Total Area 283,561 km² Currency 1 CAN$=0.77 US $ (USD) (2018 - Annual average) National Holiday 10 August (1809 Independence Day) Language(s) Spanish (official), indigenous languages Political Information: Type of State Republic Type of Government The National Assembly is unicameral and has 137 members elected for a four-year term. Members of the Assembly are elected with: 15 from national lists, 6 representing emigrants living outside Ecuador, 2 from autonomous regions, 2 from each province and metropolitan district, and one for each 200,000 inhabitants. The President is also elected for a four-year term as head of state. Bilateral Product trade Canada - Ecuador 700 600 Balance Head of State Head of Government 500 President 400 Can. President s Exports n 300 Lenín MORENO o Lenín MORENO i l Can. l i 200 Imports M 100 Total Ministers: Foreign Rel.: José VALENCIA 0 Trade Trade: Iván ONTANEDA -100 Defence: Oswaldo JARRÍN 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Finance: Richard MARTINEZ Statistics Canada Main Political Parties Country Alliance Movement (MPAIS); Patriotic Society Party (PSP); Social Christian Party Canadian Imports (PSC); Pachakutik Plurinational Movement (MUPP-NP), Creating Opportunities (CREO), Avanza, Regional Action for Equity Movement (ARE), Democratic Integration of Carchi from: Ecuador Movement (IDC), Believing in Our People Peninsular Movement (PCG), Concertación V eg . Prod . Foo d Prod . National Assembly: Alianza País: 44, Revolución Ciudadana: 30, CREO: 20, PSC / Madera de A nimal & Pro d . Guerrero: 15, SUMA: 9, others: 19. V ehicles and Eq uip . Fat s, Oils & W axes Pro d .
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Ecuador: 2021 Presidential Election
BRIEFING PAPER CBP 9114, 19 April 2021 Ecuador: 2021 By Nigel Walker and Eleanor Gadd presidential election Contents: 1. Background 2. 2021 Presidential election 3. UK-Ecuador relations www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 Ecuador: 2021 presidential election Contents Summary 3 1. Background 4 2. 2021 Presidential election 5 2.1 Candidates 5 2.2 Election campaign 7 2.3 Election results (first round), 7 February 8 2.4 Election results (run-off poll), 11 April 9 2.5 Looking ahead 9 3. UK-Ecuador relations 11 Cover page image copyright: Ecuador flag by Skratos1983 / image cropped. Licensed under Pixabay License – no attribution required. 3 Commons Library Briefing, 19 April 2021 Summary Ecuador held a general election on 7 February 2021 to elect a President, Vice-President and members of the National Assembly. The country’s National Electoral Council (CNE) registered 16 presidential and vice- presidential candidates for the election, with opinion polls pointing to a three-way race between Andrés Arauz, Guillermo Lasso and Yaku Pérez. The election took place under the cloud of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Government’s response to the pandemic and the worsening economic situation were key factors for voters. None of the candidates secured the 40 per cent of votes required for an outright victory, but Andrés Arauz topped the first round by a significant margin and immediately progressed to the run-off. It was initially unclear which other candidate would contest the run-off poll as the second- and third-placed candidates were neck-and-neck in the preliminary results and the CNE announced recounts would be held in many provinces.
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Creating Partisans: the Organizational Roots of New Parties in Latin America
Creating Partisans: The Organizational Roots of New Parties in Latin America by Mathias Poertner A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ruth Berins Collier, Co-chair Professor Thad Dunning, Co-chair Professor Leonardo Arriola Professor Pradeep Chhibber Professor David Collier Professor Edward Miguel Spring 2018 Creating Partisans: The Organizational Roots of New Parties in Latin America Copyright 2018 by Mathias Poertner 1 Abstract Creating Partisans: The Organizational Roots of New Parties in Latin America by Mathias Poertner Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Ruth Berins Collier, Co-chair Professor Thad Dunning, Co-chair The frequent emergence of new parties is a feature of democracies almost everywhere. While most of these new parties remain ephemeral, some manage to establish stable ties with voters and win substantial electoral support over repeated elections. This divergence raises the question why some new parties are able to take root in society, establish stable ties with voters, and successfully compete in elections over time, while others fail to do so. Despite a vibrant literature on both the stability of party identification and de- alignment away from traditional parties, we do not have a good understanding yet of why some new parties succeed in taking root in society, while others fail to do so. This dissertation attempts to fill this gap. It explores different paths that new parties take to build mass support, i.e. to secure electoral support and build partisan attachments in the electorate, in the context of the recent wave of party formation in Latin America.
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Community-Owned Tourism: Pushing the Paradigms of Alternative Tourisms?
Community-Owned Tourism: Pushing the Paradigms of Alternative Tourisms? Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Renkert, Sarah Rachelle Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 07:38:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625309 1 COMMUNITY-OWNED TOURISM: PUSHING THE PARADIGMS OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISMS? A CASE STUDY IN THE KICHWA AÑANGU COMMUNITY By Sarah Renkert _____________________________ Copyright © Sarah Renkert 2017 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2017 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR The thesis titled Community-Owned Tourism: Pushing the Paradigms of Alternative Tourisms? prepared by Sarah Renkert has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a master’s degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship.
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Anti-European Rule in a Pro-European Society Creating Opportunities for Progressives in Poland
Anti-European Rule in a Pro-European Society Creating Opportunities for Progressives in Poland By Konrad Golota and Adam Traczyk Introduction Progressives in Poland operate in an extremely hostile environment. The political imagination of Poles is dominated by two political blocs: one symbolically repre- sents the victories of the transformation after the overthrow of communism, while the other represents those who have lost out. Jarosław Kaczyński’s Law and Justice Party (PiS) has consolidated support among people who perceived themselves to have lost out, not just through conservative policies but also through social poli- cies that provide economic security and a sense of personal dignity to an electorate that often felt neglected by liberal elites. To overcome this, progressives in Poland will need to move beyond a polarized culture war and tell a new story about Poland’s future that appeals not only to the young, to women, and to the highly educated, but also to those left behind by today’s politics. This will require a new economic agenda and a less condescend- ing and identity-driven progressivism. However, all this may still not be enough to break the existing duopoly. Therefore, the left in Poland must also support social movements that may contribute to a fundamental reshuffling of the political scene in the country. As the recent mass protests against abortion restrictions demon- strate, there is a visible appetite for change. Though it is too early to draw conclu- sions, one thing is certain: The progressive Polish movement is at the forefront of the biggest protests seen in Poland in 30 years.
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Freedom in the World Annual Report, 2019, Ecuador
Ecuador | Freedom House https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/ecuador A. ELECTORAL PROCESS: 7 / 12 A1. Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 3 / 4 The 2008 constitution provides for a directly elected president, who can serve up to two terms. The president has the authority to dissolve the legislature, which triggers new elections for both the assembly and the presidency. In April 2017, Lenín Moreno of the Proud and Sovereign Fatherland (PAIS) alliance won the presidential runoff with 51 percent of the vote, defeating Guillermo Lasso of the Creating Opportunities–Society United for More Action (CREO-SUMA) alliance, who took 49 percent. Some observers expressed concerns about the use of state resources to produce materials favoring Moreno. While Lasso denounced the results as fraudulent and refused to concede, international observers generally praised the election’s conduct. Lasso requested a full recount of the vote, though the CNE granted only a partial one. The CNE stated that the recount failed to reveal any significant discrepancy from the previous count, and ratified the election’s result. A2. Were the current national legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections? 3 / 4 Ecuador has a 137-seat unicameral National Assembly, with 116 members directly elected, 15 elected by proportional representation, and 6 elected through multiseat constituencies for Ecuadorians living abroad; members serve four-year terms. International and domestic observers generally praised the February 2017 legislative elections, though an Organization of American States (OAS) mission urged reforms including removing the names of deceased persons from the voter rolls, and called for more training to be made available to various actors in the electoral process.
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Briefing European Parliamentary Research Service
At a glance December 2014 Ecuador: political parties The political party system in Ecuador has suffered historically from fragmentation and volatility, accentuated by the 1972-78 dictatorship, and then chronic economic crises between 1984 and 2005. As a result, the country has enjoyed relatively few periods of genuine political stability. The 2006 presidential elections brought major changes, both through the weakening of the traditional parties and the appearance of new political forces, with greater strength at national level. Background The political system in Ecuador has suffered for years from a high degree of fragmentation, characterised by the large number of small parties represented in Parliament, as well as splits along geographical lines, such as between mountainous and coastal regions. These problems have been inherent since the country won independence in the 19th century. A liberal revolution in 1895 reduced the power of the Catholic Church and paved the way for capitalist development. Following a military coup in 1925, the 1930s and 1940s were marked by populism. After World War II, the recovery of the agricultural commodity market and the growth of the banana industry brought peace and prosperity. Between 1948 and 1960, three democratically elected presidents completed their terms in office. Instability returned in the 1960s, culminating in a military dictatorship between 1972 and 1978. Democracy returned in 1978/79. The period from 1984 to 2005 witnessed the highest level of instability, with nine different presidents, three of whom were ousted from power. The indigenous population started to participate actively in the political system in 1996. This unstable situation has gradually changed with the weakening of the traditional parties (Social Christian Party, Ecuadorian Roldosist Party, Democratic Left, Popular Democracy (PD)) and the appearance of new political forces (PAIS, CREO, Avanza), all of which have support across the country, since 2006.
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ECUADOR This File Contains Election Results for the Ecuadorian National
ECUADOR This file contains election results for the Ecuadorian National Congress for 1979, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 1998, 2006, 2009, and 2013. After the 2007 Constituent AssemBly, the National Assembly replaced the National Congress. Year, Geography, and Turnout YEAR Election Year STATE State ELECT Registered Voters VALID Valid Votes BLANK Blank Votes NULL Null Votes SCRUT Scrutinized Votes ABST ABstention/Non-Voters TYPE Type of Vote (National List, Within List, and/or Consolidated Vote) Parties (Candidate Names and Votes) These cells contain candidate names (denoted By _C following the party code) as well as votes received (denoted By _V following the party code), where available. Vote totals for each party are denoted By _T.
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Ecuador | Freedom House
Ecuador | Freedom House http://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/ecuador-0 About Us DONATE Blog Mobile App Contact Us Mexico Website (in Spanish) REGIONS ISSUES Reports Programs Initiatives News Experts Events Subscribe Donate FREEDOM IN THE WORLD - View another year - ShareShareShareShareShareMore 0 Ecuador Ecuador Freedom in the World 2014 OVERVIEW: 2014 SCORES President Rafael Correa easily won a new term in STATUS February 2013 general elections, while an alliance led by his Movement for a Proud and Sovereign Homeland (PAIS) party captured an overwhelming majority in the Partly Free legislature. Although the voting itself was deemed FREEDOM RATING generally free and fair, preelection factors—including (1 = BEST, 7 = WORST) changes to the seat-allocation rules in 2012—were believed to have favored the incumbents. 3.0 Also during the year, the National Assembly passed a CIVIL LIBERTIES (1 = BEST, 7 = WORST) Communications Law that could lead to new restrictions on the media, and cases of harassment or attacks aimed at journalists continued to be reported. Civil society groups 3 faced tighter regulation under a presidential decree POLITICAL RIGHTS issued in June, while individual activists faced prosecution (1 = BEST, 7 = WORST) under sabotage and terrorism laws for their role in organizing protests. 3 POLITICAL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES: Political Rights: 24 / 40 [Key] A. Electoral Process: 7 / 12 The 2008 constitution provides for a directly elected president who may serve up to two four-year terms. The unicameral, 137-seat National Assembly is elected for four-year terms, with 116 members elected in in 24 provinces (each province elects at least 2 representatives and then one additional representative every 200,000 inhabitants), 15 through nationwide proportional representation, and 6 in multimember constituencies representing Ecuadorians living abroad.
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