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On the Boreal Genus Buchia (Bivalvia) from the Tithonian of the Lesser Caucasus V

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On the Boreal Genus Buchia (Bivalvia) from the Tithonian of the Lesser Caucasus V Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2005, pp. 606–612. Translated from Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2005, pp. 51–57. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zakharov, Kasumzade. English Translation Copyright © 2005 by åÄIä “Nauka /Interperiodica” (Russia). On the Boreal Genus Buchia (Bivalvia) from the Tithonian of the Lesser Caucasus V. A. Zakharov* and A. A. Kasumzade** *Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia **Institute of Geology, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan, Baku Received March 5, 2005 Abstract—Two species of the genus Buchia, B. mosquensis (Buch) and B. ex gr. terebratuliodes (Lah.) found in the Tithonian of the Lesser Caucasus (40° N) are described. Geographic distribution of the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian representatives of the genus in marginal areas of the Tethys–Panthalassa Superrealm is analyzed. Migration of buchiids into lowermost latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere coincided in time with episodes of the biota geographic homogenization. The joint occurrence of two above species facilitates correlation of the middle–upper Tithonian and middle–upper Volgian boundary beds. As is suggested, past seaways connected seas of central Russia and Transcaucasia in the relevant period of geological time. Key words: buchiids, Tithonian Stage, Kimmeridgian Stage, Lesser Caucasus, migration, Peri-Tethys. INTRODUCTION (Kasumzade, 2000) in the Yukhary Gushchular section, Bivalves of the genus Buchia represent fossil mol- the Karabakh Mountains, Azerbaijan Republic (Fig. 1). lusks most widespread in Upper Jurassic and Lower This section situated 500–700 m eastward of the Cretaceous (Neocomian) marine deposits of the Boreal Yukhary Gushchular poultry farm includes the Titho- regions. In the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous, nian and adjacent beds (Kasumzade, 2000; p. 138). The buchiids inhabited epicontinental and marginal seas of following section members are exposed on the right- the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth mostly north- hand side of a nameless river in the deep canyon ward of the latitude 50° N. A high stratigraphic signifi- between the “Lachyn Gayasy” and “Gadzhar Gayasy” cance of buchiids is doubtless because of a high rate of (Fig. 2): their morphogenesis, broad geographic distribution, independence of the facies control, and easy identifica- Kimmeridgian tion in representative collections. The Buchia species have been most effectively applied to correlate deposits (1) Tuffaceous conglomerate; fissures widespread in in the Panboreal Realm and Boreal–Peritethyan eco- the rock and thin (0.3–0.4 m) intercalations of brick-red tone. The problem of Boreal–Tethyan correlation has limestone are filled in with calcite (80–100 m). been under keen attention during the entire 20th cen- tury and is vital at present. Accordingly, each occur- Lower Tithonian rence of Buchia remains in distribution areas of Tethyan deposits is of interest for stratigraphy. In addi- (2) Basal bed; the bed is composed of porphyrite tion, new data on southern distribution limits of and limestone pebbles, the latter containing Haplo- Tethyan sediments reveal the communication ways ceras sp., Glochiceras sp. indet. (determinations of between northern and southern sea basins in particular M.R. Abdulkasumzade), Anisocardia sp., and Pygope epochs and are useful for considering the interaction of sp. indet. Khalilov and Aliev (1970) also reported on Boreal and Tethyan water masses (the Boreal–Tethyan occurrence of Hybonotyceras beckeri (Neum.), Haplo- impacts on biota). Keeping all this in mind, we feel it ceras carachties (Zeuschn.), Lamellaptychus beyrichi necessary to inform the geological community about (Oppel), L. lamellosus Traut., Pygope janotor (Pict.), Buchia species first found in the Transcaucasia (Kara- and other forms in the bed (3–10 m). bakh Mountains). (3) Limestone; rock is sandy, containing tuffaceous material. The member lower part (up to 1 m) contains abundant columnals of crinoids. Lamellaptychus cf. STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION beyrichi and Buchia sp. indet. (ex gr. Mosquensis) are AND LEVELS OF BUCHIA REMAINS found in the middle part, and abundant fragments of Buchia remains of the Tithonian Age have been oyster and brachiopod shells are confined to the upper found first and identified by one of the authors one. Khalilov and Aliev (1970) described Subplanites 606 ON THE BOREAL GENUS BUCHIA (BIVALVIA) 607 CASPIAN SEA BLACK SEA Tbilisi Erevan Baku 40 40 Shusha 1000 100 200 km 44 48 46°49′ 1 Yukhary Gushchular 39°50′ Stepanakert Malybeili Garov Gargarchai R. Shushakend Shusha 202km Fig. 1. Locality of the Upper Jurassic–(?)Berriasian section (1) studied in the Lesser Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Karabakh Mountains, Yukhary Gushchular Village). cf. contiguus (Cat.) and Punctaptychus punctatus frac- (9) Limestone, gray to light pinkish gray, conglom- tocosta from the level of 20 m above the member base erate-like, contains sandy admixture (2.0–2.5 m). (65–67 m). (10) Limestone, light pinkish gray, organogenic- (4) Limestone, gray to dark gray, organogenic-detri- detrital, flaggy, contains tuffaceous sandy admixture tal, gravely and massive; rock is of cross-bedded struc- (1.5–2.0 m). ture (60–70 m). (5) Limestone, gray to light pinkish gray, organo- genic-detrital, locally compact, of gravely-sandy tex- Berriasian (?) ture; in addition to large pebbles, separate boulders (11) Limestone, light pinkish gray, gravely, thick- incorporated in the rock are up to 0.3–0.5 m in diame- bedded to massive; the member lower part is exposed in ter. The member yields Lamellaptychus beyrichi beyri- a precipice (20–25 m) and the upper one in stepwise chi (Oppel) and undeterminable remains of belemnites, cliffs (about 30 m). Near the member base, there are brachiopods, and echinoids (25–30 m). sporadic lenses and interlayers of loose tuffaceous sandstone and gravelstone with clay admixture. Faunal remains found in the member are Lamellaptychus bey- Middle–upper Tithonian richi (Oppel), Ctenoides sp., and Arctostrea cf. rectan- (6) Limestone, light pinkish gray, sandy, paralami- gularis (Roemer). Khalilov and Aliev (1970) reported nated, containing abundant though poorly preserved an occurrence of Lamellaptychus beyrichi (Oppel), shells of bivalves; species Buchia mosquensis Buch and Hibolites sp. indet., and Duvalia sp. indet. The upper B. ex gr. terebratuloides (Lah.) are identified among the contact of the member is tectonic, overridden by differ- latter (11–12 m). ent Albian horizons (55–60 m). (7) Conglomerate-like limestone; pebbles of gray to In earlier works, the described section is attributed greenish gray hard limestones are up to 0.2–0.4 in either to the lower Tithonian (Khalilov and Aliev, diameter (1.5 m). 1970), or to the Kimmeridgian–lower Tithonian inter- (8) Limestone, gray to light pinkish gray, contains val, a part of the Barremian included (Abdulka- tuffaceous material of sand size-range (5.0–6.0 m). sumzade, 1988; Gasanov, 1994; Babaev and Abdulka- STRATIGRAPHY AND GEOLOGICAL CORRELATION Vol. 13 No. 6 2005 608 ZAKHAROV, KASUMZADE sumzade, 1997). In opinion of Kasumzade (2000), the section spans all the Tithonian substages and exhibits gradual transition to the Berriasian. In distinction from Characteristic fossils conclusions of our predecessors, we believe, based on paleontological data presented above, that the Gush- chular Formation is not older than the early Tithonian and not younger than the Tithonian–Berriasian transi- Stage Substage Member Thickness, m Lithology tion all along the strike. Lamellaptychus beyrichi (Oppel), Haploceras carachteis (Zeuschn.) and Pygope jani- Ctenoides sp., Arctostrea cf. rectangularis (Roemer) tor (Pict.) from the basal bed substantiate, along with 11 [Lamellaptychus beyrichi (Oppel), Subplanites cf. contiguous (Cat.) and Punctaptychus 55–60 Hibolites sp. indet., Duvalia sp. Indet.] punctatus fractocosta (Traut.) found near the base of ? Berriasian Member 3, the early Tithonian age of respective inter- val (Khalilov and Aliev, 1970). The late Kimmeridgian 10 1.5–2 index species Hybonotyceras beckeri (Neum.) found in 9 2–2.5 the basal bed is redeposited in opinion of Khalilov and 8 Aliev. 5–6 7 Presence of the middle–upper Tithonian deposits 1.5 in the section can be suggested based on the found (Buch), middle-upper Buchia mosquensis 6 Buchia forms. In Boreal regions, the Buchia B. Ex gr. terebratuloides (Lah.). 11–12 mosquensis stratigraphic range spans the interval of middle and upper Volgian substages. B. terebratu- loides is dispersed throughout the upper Volgian Sub- 5 Lamellaptychus beyrichi beyrichi (Oppel) stage, being occasional in the basal Berriasian. Joint 25–30 occurrence of two species in Boreal regions has not been reported earlier. Based on their coexistence in one rock sample studied, we tend to assume that rel- Tithonian evant sampling level is near the middle–upper Vol- 4 gian boundary, i.e., presumably near the boundary 60–70 between the middle and upper Tithonian substages. It is necessary to keep in mind, however, that the last species is determined in the open nomenclature (B. ex gr. terebratuloides). lower Lamellaptychus cf. beyrichi (Oppel), Buchia sp. indet. (ex. gr. mosquensis (Buch)) 3 [Subplanites cf. contiguus (Cat.), The lower part of Member 10, where we found 65–67 Punctaptychus punctatus fractocosta Traut.] Lamellaptychus beyrichi (Oppel), is presumably of Berriasian age. Stratigraphic range of this aptychus form corresponds to the Kimmeridgian–Valanginian Haploceras sp.,
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