Chroniclevolume 1, Issue 9 September 2010
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The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations
The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Updated January 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44725 Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Summary The position of Secretary of Defense is unique within the United States government; it is one of two civilian positions within the military chain of command, although unlike the President, the Secretary of Defense is not elected. Section 113 of the United States Code states that the Secretary of Defense is to be “appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.” The section goes on to elaborate a key mechanism by which civilian control of the armed forces is maintained: A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense within seven years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force. The proposed nomination of General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin, United States Army, who retired from the military in 2016, to be Secretary of Defense may lead both houses of Congress to consider whether and how to suspend, change, or remove that provision. This provision was originally contained in the 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253), which mandated that 10 years pass between the time an officer is relieved from active duty and when he or she could be appointed to the office of the Secretary of Defense. In 2007, Section 903 of the FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 110-181), Congress changed the period of time that must elapse between relief from active duty and appointment to the position of Secretary of Defense to seven years. -
Florida Military License Plate Brochure
FLORIDA MILITARY LICENSE PLATES FLHSMV FLORIDA HIGHWAY SAF~ AND MOTOR VEHICLES I.a SPECIALTY • FLORIDA • - SAMPL S.ALUTES VETER.~NS American Legion Salutes Veterans Support Our Troops U.S. AIR FORCE - U.S. Air Force U.S. Army U.S. Coast Guard - FLORIDA • - FLORIDA- - L 5AMPL U.S. NAVY • -~ U.S. Marine Corps U.S. Navy Note: All Military Specialty License Plates listed above can be ordered as personalized or with amateur radio call letters. All Military Specialty License Plates can be ordered as sample plates for $28 each. SPECIAL - DISABLED PERSON •FLORIDA FLORIDA .Jr PARALYZ£DSAMP1-• VETS or - AMERICA • • DISABLEDVElERAN • DISABLEDVE1'ERAN - Disabled Veteran Disabled Veteran Paralyzed Veterans of America (Wheelchair Symbol) Note: All disabled person license plates listed above can be ordered as personalized. 2 SPECIAL •FLOR IDA • I SAMP • AIR FORCE CROSS • • COMBAT ACTION BADGE• Air Force Combat Action Medal Air Force Cross Combat Action Badge • FLORIDA•- • FLORDA •- SAMP AMPL • COMBAT INFANTRY BADGE• COMBAT MEDICM. BADGla Combat Action Ribbon Combat Infantry Badge Combat Medical Badge • FLORIDA •- • FLORIDA• MP ( SAMP - DISTINGUISHED FLYING cttOU• - DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS - Distinguished Flying Cross Distinguished Service Cross Ex-Prisoner of War FLORIDA - - FLOR DA FLORIDA • - -- MEDAL OF ......... SAM~ A HONOR SA - KOREAN WAR VETERAN • SUNSHINE STATE • - GOLD STAR FAMILY - Gold Star Family _ ...., Korean War Veteran Medal of Honor (Air Force) - ... FLORIDA FLORI.DA FLORIDA MEDAL - MEDAL -- OF - OF - Sincei HONOR - HONOR - 1565 -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 167 WASHINGTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 2021 No. 13 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Monday, January 25, 2021, at 1:30 p.m. Senate FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 2021 The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was NATIONAL GUARD We owe an enormous debt of grati- called to order by the President pro Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, now, tude to the men and women who tempore (Mr. LEAHY). it came to our attention last night worked to keep us safe on January 6 and the days since. A situation like f that members of the National Guard, after standing on duty to protect the last night will never happen again. PRAYER Capitol for Inauguration Day, keeping f The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- us safe, were sleeping in parking ga- BUSINESS BEFORE THE SENATE fered the following prayer: rages and cramped quarters without Mr. SCHUMER. Now, I have spoken Let us pray. proper space or ventilation. It was ut- about the Senate’s agenda for the next Sovereign King, our hope for years to terly unacceptable. several weeks. We have three essential come, deliver us from the sin of run- I have told those who run the secu- items on our plate: one, the confirma- ning from the truth. Remind us often rity of the Capitol that it can never tion of President Biden’s Cabinet and that truth brings freedom. -
Department of the Army, Dod § 578.68
Department of the Army, DoD § 578.68 (2) Badges may be approved and (vii) The Guard, Tomb of the Un- awarded in the field only by the com- known Soldier Identification Badge (an manders authorized to award the re- item of organizational equipment); spective badge. (viii) Army ROTC Nurse Cadet Pro- (3) Award of badges to Active Army gram Identification Badge; personnel which cannot be resolved by (ix) Drill Sergeant Identification local commanders will be forwarded Badge; through command channels to HQ, (x) U.S. Army Recruiter Identifica- USA HRC, (see address § 578.3(c)). tion Badge; (c) Posthumous awards. When an indi- vidual who has qualified for a badge (xi) Career Counselor Badge; dies before the award is made, the (xii) Army National Guard Recruit- badge may be presented to the next of ing and Retention Identification kin. Badge; (d) Retroactive awards. Retroactive (xiii) U.S. Army Reserve Recruiter awards of the Combat Infantryman Identification Badge. Badge and the Combat Medical Badge (2) Items not issued or sold by the may be made to fully qualified individ- DA: uals. Such awards will not be made ex- (i) Identification badges, except as cept where evidence of injustice is pre- provided in paragraph (g)(1) of this sec- sented. Active duty soldiers will for- tion; ward their applications through com- (ii) Lapel buttons for badges; mand channels to HQ, AHRC, (see ad- (iii) Certificates for badges; dress § 578.3(c)). Reserve Component (iv) Foreign badges; soldiers should address their applica- (v) Miniature Combat Infantryman, tion to Commander, USA HRC–St. Louis, One Reserve Way, St. -
Trump's Generals
STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY - PERSPECTIVE Trump’s Generals: A Natural Experiment in Civil-Military Relations JAMES JOYNER Abstract President Donald Trump’s filling of numerous top policy positions with active and retired officers he called “my generals” generated fears of mili- tarization of foreign policy, loss of civilian control of the military, and politicization of the military—yet also hope that they might restrain his worst impulses. Because the generals were all gone by the halfway mark of his administration, we have a natural experiment that allows us to com- pare a Trump presidency with and without retired generals serving as “adults in the room.” None of the dire predictions turned out to be quite true. While Trump repeatedly flirted with civil- military crises, they were not significantly amplified or deterred by the presence of retired generals in key roles. Further, the pattern continued in the second half of the ad- ministration when “true” civilians filled these billets. Whether longer-term damage was done, however, remains unresolved. ***** he presidency of Donald Trump served as a natural experiment, testing many of the long- debated precepts of the civil-military relations (CMR) literature. His postelection interviewing of Tmore than a half dozen recently retired four- star officers for senior posts in his administration unleashed a torrent of columns pointing to the dangers of further militarization of US foreign policy and damage to the military as a nonpartisan institution. At the same time, many argued that these men were uniquely qualified to rein in Trump’s worst pro- clivities. With Trump’s tenure over, we can begin to evaluate these claims. -
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE PB 34-09-2 Volume 35 Number 2 April - June 2009
MIPB April - June 2009 PB 34-O9-2 Operations in OEF Afghanistan FROM THE EDITOR In this issue, three articles offer perspectives on operations in Afghanistan. Captain Nenchek dis- cusses the philosophy of the evolving insurgent “syndicates,” who are working together to resist the changes and ideas the Coalition Forces bring to Afghanistan. Captain Beall relates his experiences in employing Human Intelligence Collection Teams at the company level in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Lieutenant Colonel Lawson provides a look into the balancing act U.S. Army chaplains as non-com- batants in Afghanistan are involved in with regards to Information Operations. Colonel Reyes discusses his experiences as the MNF-I C2 CIOC Chief, detailing the problems and solutions to streamlining the intelligence effort. First Lieutenant Winwood relates her experiences in integrating intelligence support into psychological operations. From a doctrinal standpoint, Lieutenant Colonels McDonough and Conway review the evolution of priority intelligence requirements from a combined operations/intelligence view. Mr. Jack Kem dis- cusses the constructs of assessment during operations–measures of effectiveness and measures of per- formance, common discussion threads in several articles in this issue. George Van Otten sheds light on a little known issue on our southern border, that of the illegal im- migration and smuggling activities which use the Tohono O’odham Reservation as a corridor and offers some solutions for combined agency involvement and training to stem the flow. Included in this issue is nomination information for the CSM Doug Russell Award as well as a biogra- phy of the 2009 winner. Our website is at https://icon.army.mil/ If your unit or agency would like to receive MIPB at no cost, please email [email protected] and include a physical address and quantity desired or call the Editor at 520.5358.0956/DSN 879.0956. -
Civil-Military Module Discussion Questions
Civil-Military Module Discussion Questions ............................................................................ 1 Introduction Richard H. Kohn, “Six Myths about Civil-Military Relations in the United States” ................... 2 Civil-Military Relations and Civilian Control Eliot A. Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime (New York: The Free Press, 2002), Pgs. 1-14, 199-207, 225-233, 239-248 .......................................... 3 Participation in Politics Gen Martin E. Dempsey, “Letter to the Editor: Military leaders do not belong at political conventions,” Washington Post, July 30, 2016 and “Keep Your Politics Private, My Fellow Generals and Admirals,” Defense One, August 1, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-leaders-do-not-belong-at-political- conventions/2016/07/30/0e06fc16-568b-11e6-b652-315ae5d4d4dd_story.html , https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2016/08/keep-your-politics-private-my-fellow-generals-and- admirals/130404/; Heidi Urben, “Commentary: Generals Shouldn’t Be Welcome at These Parties: Stopping Flag Officer Endorsements,” War on the Rocks, July 27, 2020, https://warontherocks.com/2020/07/generals-shouldnt-be-welcome-at-these-parties-stopping- retired-flag-officer-endorsements/ ; Bryan Bender, “’Disturbing and reckless:’ Retired brass spread election lie against Biden and Democrats,” Politico, May 11, 2021, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/05/11/retired-brass-biden-election-487374 ...................... 4 Resignation Peter Feaver, “Should Senior Military Officers -
Eeee Marne Express
e e h h T T MMaarrnnee EExxpprreessss “Mission, Soldiers, Teamwork” Volume 2, Issue 5 Serving the Soldiers of Task Force Baghdad April 24, 2005 In this week’s Marne Express Desert Rogues page 5 Nation honors 3rd Inf. Div. Soldier Army News Service ago, in an action outside the then- “On this day two years ago, Sergeant Special to The Marne Express Saddam Hussein International Airport. Smith gave his all for his men. Five Smith manned the .50-caliber days later, Baghdad fell, and the Iraqi WASHINGTON, D.C. — An machine gun on top of an armored per- people were liberated,” Bush said. “And American Soldier’s family received the sonnel carrier in order to defend a court- today, we bestow upon Sergeant Smith highest military recognition, the first yard while his men from the 11th the first Medal of Honor in the war on Medal of Honor for Operation Iraqi Engineer Battalion, 3rd Infantry terror. He’s also the first to be awarded Freedom, from President George W. Division, withdrew and evacuated this new Medal of Honor flag, author- Bush in the East Room of the White wounded. Late in the action, he died ized by the United States Congress. We House April 4. after being struck by enemy fire. count ourselves blessed to have soldiers Bush presented the Medal of Honor The president quoted a letter Smith like Sergeant Smith, who put their lives to David Smith, the 11-year-old son of wrote to his parents, but never mailed, on the line to advance the cause of free- Sgt. -
Lessons-Encountered.Pdf
conflict, and unity of effort and command. essons Encountered: Learning from They stand alongside the lessons of other wars the Long War began as two questions and remind future senior officers that those from General Martin E. Dempsey, 18th who fail to learn from past mistakes are bound Excerpts from LChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: What to repeat them. were the costs and benefits of the campaigns LESSONS ENCOUNTERED in Iraq and Afghanistan, and what were the LESSONS strategic lessons of these campaigns? The R Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University was tasked to answer these questions. The editors com- The Institute for National Strategic Studies posed a volume that assesses the war and (INSS) conducts research in support of the Henry Kissinger has reminded us that “the study of history offers no manual the Long Learning War from LESSONS ENCOUNTERED ENCOUNTERED analyzes the costs, using the Institute’s con- academic and leader development programs of instruction that can be applied automatically; history teaches by analogy, siderable in-house talent and the dedication at the National Defense University (NDU) in shedding light on the likely consequences of comparable situations.” At the of the NDU Press team. The audience for Washington, DC. It provides strategic sup- strategic level, there are no cookie-cutter lessons that can be pressed onto ev- Learning from the Long War this volume is senior officers, their staffs, and port to the Secretary of Defense, Chairman ery batch of future situational dough. The only safe posture is to know many the students in joint professional military of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and unified com- historical cases and to be constantly reexamining the strategic context, ques- education courses—the future leaders of the batant commands. -
Administration of Barack Obama, 2011 the President's News Conference
Administration of Barack Obama, 2011 The President's News Conference With Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki of Iraq December 12, 2011 President Obama. Please have a seat. Good afternoon, everyone. When I took office, nearly 150,000 American troops were deployed in Iraq, and I pledged to end this war, responsibly. Today, only several thousand troops remain there, and more are coming home every day. This is a season of homecomings, and military families across America are being reunited for the holidays. In the coming days, the last American soldiers will cross the border out of Iraq with honor and with their heads held high. After nearly 9 years, our war in Iraq ends this month. Today I'm proud to welcome Prime Minister Maliki, the elected leader of a sovereign, self-reliant, and democratic Iraq. We're here to mark the end of this war, to honor the sacrifices of all those who made this day possible, and to turn the page, begin a new chapter in the history between our countries, a normal relationship between sovereign nations, an equal partnership based on mutual interests and mutual respect. Iraq faces great challenges, but today reflects the impressive progress that Iraqis have made. Millions have cast their ballots—some risking or giving their lives—to vote in free elections. The Prime Minister leads Iraq's most inclusive government yet. Iraqis are working to build institutions that are efficient and independent and transparent. Economically, Iraqis continue to invest in their infrastructure and development. And I think it's worth considering some remarkable statistics. -
Lead Inspector General for Operation Freedom's Sentinel April 1, 2021
OFS REPORT TO CONGRESS FRONT MATTER OPERATION FREEDOM’S SENTINEL LEAD INSPECTOR GENERAL REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS APRIL 1, 2021–JUNE 30, 2021 FRONT MATTER ABOUT THIS REPORT A 2013 amendment to the Inspector General Act established the Lead Inspector General (Lead IG) framework for oversight of overseas contingency operations and requires that the Lead IG submit quarterly reports to Congress on each active operation. The Chair of the Council of Inspectors General for Integrity and Efficiency designated the DoD Inspector General (IG) as the Lead IG for Operation Freedom’s Sentinel (OFS). The DoS IG is the Associate IG for the operation. The USAID IG participates in oversight of the operation. The Offices of Inspector General (OIG) of the DoD, the DoS, and USAID are referred to in this report as the Lead IG agencies. Other partner agencies also contribute to oversight of OFS. The Lead IG agencies collectively carry out the Lead IG statutory responsibilities to: • Develop a joint strategic plan to conduct comprehensive oversight of the operation. • Ensure independent and effective oversight of programs and operations of the U.S. Government in support of the operation through either joint or individual audits, inspections, investigations, and evaluations. • Report quarterly to Congress and the public on the operation and activities of the Lead IG agencies. METHODOLOGY To produce this quarterly report, the Lead IG agencies submit requests for information to the DoD, the DoS, USAID, and other Federal agencies about OFS and related programs. The Lead IG agencies also gather data and information from other sources, including official documents, congressional testimony, policy research organizations, press conferences, think tanks, and media reports. -
For Immediate Release August 16, 2021 Chairman Ted Harvey
For Immediate Release August 16, 2021 Chairman Ted Harvey Chairman of the Committee to Defeat the President Senator Ted Harvey Urges the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense to Resign Immediately Alexandria, VA – The disaster unfolding in Afghanistan was not hard to predict by any foreign policy expert or student of history. My brother has served more than thirty years as a career foreign services officer in our government and spent the majority of his time serving in U.S. Embassies throughout the Middle East. He once predicted, “any American civilian on the ground in Afghanistan by the middle of August would be evacuated by helicopter” – what a prophetic statement. How could the Biden Administration not see this coming and how could they be so naive? This will go down as the greatest failure of United States leadership since the fall of Saigon. Why were any American civilians left anywhere in Afghanistan after March 1? The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Mark Milley, and the Secretary of Defense General Lloyd Austin (Ret.) have been more worried about pushing critical race theory (CRT), lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights, and mandating vaccines on our troops than they were in protecting our brave men and women on the ground in a war zone. They have failed our military. They have failed our civil servants in embassies around the world and they have failed our nation’s honor. They should both resign effective immediately! The only remaining question now is how soon will it be before we see President Biden sitting behind the Resolute desk in the Oval Office broadcasting to the American people saying, “I shall not seek, nor will I accept my party’s nomination to serve another term as your president?” ### Paid for by the Committee to Defeat the President Not authorized by any candidate or candidate’s committee.