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Socio-Economic Conditions of Members of Women Self- Help Groups in Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu

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Socio-Economic Conditions of Members of Women Self- Help Groups in Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MEMBERS OF WOMEN SELF- HELP GROUPS IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU A THESIS SUBMITTED TO BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN COMMERCE Submitted By K. MUTHU Under the Supervision and Guidance of Dr. K. RAMAKRISHNAN , M.A., M.Com., B. Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D., Principal, Vivekananda College of Arts& Science for Women Sirkali. 609 110 BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIPAPPALLI -620 024 TAMIL NADU, INDIA APRIL – 2013 Dr. K. RAMAKRISHNAN , M.A., M.Com., B. Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D., Principal, Vivekananda College of Arts& Science for Women Sirkali. 609 110 Date:..................... CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MEMBERS OF WOMEN SELF - HELP GROUPS IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU” is a bonafide record of research work done by K. MUTHU, in Department of Commerce, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal– 609 305, Mayiladuthurai, Nagapattinam District, under my guidance and supervision, submitted to the Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Commerce and that the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award to the candidate of any Degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship or any other similar titles. I further certify that the thesis represents independent work on the part of the candidate. (Dr K. RAMAKRISHNAN) Research Guide and supervisor DECLARATION I do hereby declare that thesis has been originally carried out by me at the P.G. and Research Department of Commerce, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai under the guidance and supervision of Dr. K. RAMAKRISHNAN, M.A., M.Com., B. Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D., Principal, Vivekananda College of Arts& Science for Women, Sirkali and this work has not been submitted elsewhere for any other degree. Place: Mannampandal Signature of the Candidate Date: (K. MUTHU) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I whole heartily dedicate my gratitude to “The ALMIGHTY” for his blessings showered upon me for the successful completion of the research study. I am fortunate to have Dr.K. RAMAKRISHNAN, M.A., M.Com., B.Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D. Principal, Vivekananda Arts and Science College for Women, Sirkali, as my Guide and Supervisor. It is my guide, who made me feel that I am adequately equipped for the enterprise. He helped me at every stage from the inception to the completion of this research work. In him, I have and tapped a reservoir of knowledge, erudition and kindness. Inadequacy of words is the only restraint for thanking him for what all he has done for me to complete this research work successfully. I record my sincere thanks to the esteemed Chairman, Secretary and Members of the Management of A.V.C. College (Autonomous) for their benevolence in permitting and encouraging me to take up this research work. I am grateful to the Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli for admitting me to do Ph.D. research work as a part-time candidate. I am deeply indebted to Dr.K. Thiyagesan, Principal, AVC College (Autonomous) for providing me the necessary guidance and encouragement. I also take this opportunity to express my thanks to Dr.M.Varadharajan, Dean-Evening Section AVC College (Autonomous) for his constant help and encouragement to pursue my academic interest. I am highly delighted to record my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Dr.Venmeega Vengatachalam M.Com, M.Phil., Ph.D. Head, PG and Research Department of Commerce, AVC College (Autonomous) an Mrs. Santha Vengatachalam for their kind help and suggestions for the completion of this research work. I am indebted to our Prof. Dr. M. Tamilarasan former HOD of commerce, AVC college (Autonomous), former principal Sri Arumugham Arts & Science College Tholudur and Prof. Dr. M.K. Kaliamurthy who reviewed the manuscript and made necessary improvements in research and literary presentations. I am also grateful to Prof. T. Srinivasan, Former HOD, Prof. PR. Chidambaram, Former HOD, Prof. Dr. S. Arunachalam, Prof. Dr. S. Muthukumar, Former HOD, Prof. R. Gnanasekaran, Former Principal, and HOD AVC College (Autonomous) Prof. Dr. M. Mathivanan, Prof. Dr. R. Rajan Babu, Prof. Dr. G. Ravi Selvam, Prof. Dr. S. Mayilvaganan, Prof. Dr. K. Kalidoss, Prof. B. Varadharajan, Prof. R. Thirumavalavan, Prof. S. Soundaranayahi, Prof. M. Shanthini, Prof. R. Vanitha, Prof. K. Sakthivel, Prof. D. Mohan, Prof. E. Jenmarakkini, Prof. G. Karthikeyan, Prof. M. Panneerselvam, Prof. C. Balaji, Prof. K. Sankaranarayanan, Prof. A. Muthukumarn, Prof. R.K. Brintha, for their immense help and support. I express my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr.S. Ramasamy Prof. Dr.R. Karthikeyan and Prof. Dr.V. Thandapani for their encouragement and co-operation throughout this research work. My special thanks are also due to the Teaching and Non-teaching Staff Members of the Vivekananda Arts and Science College for Women, Sirkali for their encouragement. My heartiest thanks are also due to my Brother Prof. K.R. Ramprakash, AVC college of Engineering, Mannampandal for his help in applying the statistical tools in the study. My thanks are also due to Prof. P. Arivazhagan DRBCCC Hindu college Pattabiram, Chennai-72, Prof. J. Swaminathan Faculty Member of Management studies, AVC college of Engineering, Mannampandal for their encouragement and support. I extend my profound thanks to Mr.K. Senthil Nayagam, Librarian AVC College (Autonomous) and the Librarians of the Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Annamalai University, Mr. Murali TNWDC Nagapattinam, for giving me the opportunity to use the libraries for the research study. The printing has been done superbly by Miss. R.K. Brintha. I wish to express my sincere gratitude for the enormous amount of help she had given me. I am grateful to Muthu Xerox Mayiladuthurai for their excellent printing work. My thanks are also due to the Secretaries, the Special officers, Accounts officers and other Staff members of TNWDC Nagapattinam for their timely help in providing necessary data. I am extremely grateful to the NGOs, Sample SHGs and their members in Nagapattinam District for supplying the information needed and sparing their valuable time. Finally, I consider it as my solemn duty to thank my parents Mr. P. Kaliyaperumal and Mrs. Muthulakshmi Kaliyaperumal, my father-in-law Mr. Natarajan, my mother-in law Mrs. Maliga Natarajan, our mother Mrs. Uma Ramakrishnan for their love and affection, my wife Mrs. Bhuvaneswari Muthu who has assisted me in many of the tasks and helped me with unfailing encouragement and patience. My greatest debt of all is to my daughter Babe K.M. Lakshitha Sri for my absence which she bears during this research period. I also express my deep sense of gratitude to relatives Mr. N. Ravichandran, Mr. N. Gogulchandran, Mr. N. Balachandran, Mr. M. Elanchezhian and other family members and friends who have helped me in myriad ways to make my academic venture a success. K. MUTHU CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. NO. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF CHARTS ix ABBREVIATIONS x I INTRODUCTION 1 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 20 III GROWTH OF WOMEN SHGs IN NAGAPATTINAM 39 IV PERFORMANCE OF SAMPLE WOMEN SHGs 83 V ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MEMBERS OF WOMEN SHGs 123 VI SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF MEMBERS OF WOMEN SHGs 174 VII SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS 230 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE PAGE NUMBER NUMBER 3.1a Total number of self help groups formed - block wise -- 41 3.1b Total number of self help groups formed - block wise -- 42 3.2a Total number of SHGs’ members - block wise -- 46 3.2b Total number of SHGs’ members - block wise -- 47 3.3a SHGs’ saving - block wise -- 51 3.3b SHGs’ saving - block wise -- 52 3.4 SHGs training programme conducted by TNWDC Nagapattinam -- 55 3.5 Entrepreneurial development programme training conducted By TNWDC Nagapattinam -- 58 3.6 Vocational training conducted by TNWDC Nagapattinam -- 62 3.7 External credit linkages under SGSY Revolving Fund assistance -- 63 3.8 External credit linkages under SGSY Economic Activities financial assistance -- 70 3.9 External credit linkages under TAHDCO Revolving Fund assistance -- 74 3.10 External credit linkage under TAHDCO Economic Activities assistance -- 77 3.11 External credit linkage under NABARD direct financial Assistance -- 80 TABLE TITLE PAGE NUMBER NUMBER 4.1.1 Age of the sample SHGs -- 84 4.1.2 Size of sample SHGs -- 85 4.1.3 Meeting of sample SHGs -- 87 4.1.4 Attendances in the SHGs meeting -- 88 4.1.5 Habit of savings -- 90 4.1.6 Amount of saving (per meeting) -- 91 4.1.7 Total amount of saving -- 92 4.1.8 Training to SHGs member -- 94 4.1.9 Performance of account maintenance -- 96 4.1.10 Problems faced by the SHGs -- 98 4.1.10a Friedman test problems faced by the sample SHGs -- 99 4.2.1 Disbursement of Internal loan -- 100 4.2.1a Association between savings and loans -- 101 4.2.2 Period of loan -- 102 4.2.2a Association between amount of loan and period of loan -- 4.2.3 Rate of interest -- 103 4.2.3a Association between amount of loan and rate of interest -- 105 4.2.4 Number of instalment for repayment of loan -- 106 4.2.4a Association between amount of loan and instalment -- 107 4.2.5 Status of repayment -- 108 4.2.5a Association between amount of loan and status of repayment -- 109 4.3.1 Loan under the various schemes -- 111 4.3.2 Bank loan availed – Block wise -- 114 4.3.3 Disbursement of bank loan -- 116 4.3.4 Rate of interest -- 118 4.3.5 Re-payment in instalment -- 120 4.3.6 Status of re-payment -- 121 TABLE TITLE PAGE NUMBER NUMBER 5.1a Demography profiles of the
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