Chinese Direct Investment in the U.S. Energy Economy Sources

By Melanie Hart and Angela Luh July 30, 2015

China National Offshore Oil Corporation China National Offshore Oil Corporation (Statoil) (El Segundo, California) Rigzone, “Statoil-CNOOC Deal Opens U.S. Gulf to Chinese Russel Gold, Matt Pottinger, and Dennis K. Berman, “China’s Oil Cos,” November 4, 2009, available at http://www. Cnooc Lobs In Rival Bid To Acquire Unocal,” The Wall Street rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/82108/StatoilCNOOC_ Journal, June 23, 2005, available at http://www.wsj.com/ Deal_Opens_US_Gulf_to_Chinese_Oil_Cos#sthash. articles/SB111946772267766700; Loretta Ng and Wing-Gar K5uXmIsJ.dpuf; Cyrus Sanati, “Statoil Sells US Oil Interest Cheng, “CNOOC’s Unocal Bid Hits Roadblock, House Seeks to Chinese Company,” The New York Times, November Review (Update 2),” Bloomberg, July 1, 2005, available at http:// 4, 2009, http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/ www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a9YJL statoil-sells-us-oil-interest-to-chinese-company/. DELUvkg; Loretta Ng and Wing-Gar Cheng, “Cnooc Drops $18.5 Bln Unocal Bid Amid U.S. Opposition (Update9),” Bloomberg, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Port Westward) August 2, 2005, available at http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/ NW Innovation Works, “Port Westward: Project Overview,” news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ajw_HHJkvuE4. available at http://nwinnovationworks.com/port-westward/ (last accessed July 2015); Columbia County Economic Team, Wanxiang America Inc. (Rockford manufacturing plant) “NW Innovation Works FAQ: Questions Regarding the Proposed Alex Gary, “Wanxiang plant could make Rockford a leader in Methanol Plant at Port Westword,” available at http://www. solar power,” Rockford Register Star, August 18, 2010, available columbiacountyoregon.com/blog/2014/2/5/nw-innovation- at http://www.rrstar.com/article/20100818/NEWS/308189883; works-faq.html (last accessed July 2015); Courtney Vaughn, Wanxiang America Corporation, “Illinois Governor Quinn “Methanol plant idea sparks concern,” The Portland Tribune, announces $2 million incentive for Wanxiang Solar Panel October 3, 2014, available at http://portlandtribune.com/ Facility in Rockford,” Press release, March 23, 2009, available at sl/235905-101306-methanol-plant-idea-sparks-concern. http://www.wanxiang.com/press_release3.html. China National Offshore Oil Corporation GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd. (University of San Diego) (Eagle Ford, Texas) Onell R. Soto, “Firm to build solar systems at schools, starting Oil and Gas Financial Journal, “CNOOC, Chesapeake Close Eagle at USD,” The San Diego Union-Tribune, June 24, 2010, available Ford Shale Deal,” November 16, 2010, available at http://www. at http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2010/jun/24/ ogfj.com/articles/2010/11/cnooc_-chesapeake.html. firm-build-solar-systems-schools-starting-usd/; EnergyTrend PV, “Wells Fargo Finances Six Solar Power Projects Completed by Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting Inc. GCL-Poly,” February 8, 2011, available at http://pv.energytrend. (Houston, Texas) com/news/Poly_solar_20110208.html. INOVA, “Leadership and Our Owners,” available at http:// www.inovageo.com/about-us/leadership.html (last accessed Chinese Academy of Sciences (Port of Kalama) July 2015); PR Newswire, “ION and BGP Announce Successful NW Innovation Works, “Port of Kalama: Project Overview,” Completion of Land Seismic Joint Venture,” Press release, March available at http://nwinnovationworks.com/port-of-kalama/ 29, 2010, available at http://www.prnewswire.com/news- (last accessed July 2015); Marissa Luck, “Northwest Innovation releases/ion-and-bgp-announce-successful-completion-of- Works moving headquarters to Port of Kalama,” Longview Daily land-seismic-joint-venture-89379017.html. News, January 29, 2015, available at http://tdn.com/news/local/ northwest-innovation-works-moving-headquarters-to-port-of- kalama/article_f538ac4e-a83e-11e4-be50-bfcde84d5019.html.

1 Center for American Progress | Chinese Direct Investment in the U.S. Energy Economy: Sources Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Company GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd. (Houston, Texas) (San Diego Unified School District) Marine Log, “Chinese buyer swoops in on Friede Goldman,” Syanne Olson, “GCL-Poly and Amsolar commence construction August 10, 2010, available at http://www.marinelog.com/ of 5MW solar project for San Diego school district,” PV Tech, May DOCS/NEWSMMIX/2010aug00106.html; Zhong Nan and 16, 2011, available at http://www.pv-tech.org/news/gcl_poly_ Wang Ying, “Buoyed by bargains,” China Daily Europe, and_amsolar_commence_construction_of_5mw_solar_proj- February 17, 2012, available at http://europe.chinadaily. ect_for_san_die; AZO Cleantech, “AMSOLAR Associates with com.cn/epaper/2012-02/17/content_14632094.htm; China GCL Solar for San Diego Unified School Project,” December Communications Construction Company, “Introduction,” avail- 8, 2010, available at http://www.azocleantech.com/news. able at http://en.ccccltd.cn/aboutcompany/introduction/ (last aspx?newsID=13348. accessed July 2015). ENN Solar Energy Company Ltd. Huaneng Power International Inc. (East Brunswick, New Jersey) (Burlington, Massachusetts) Syanne Olson, “ENN Solar, NERC develop, build 4.3MW PV InterGen, “China Huaneng Group Completes Acquisition of power plant on New Jersey landfill,” PV Tech, November 28, 50% Stake in InterGen,” Press release, April 11, 2011, available 2011, available at http://www.pv-tech.org/news/enn_solar_ at http://www.intergen.com/china-huaneng-group-com- nerc_develop_build_4.3mw_pv_power_plant_on_new_jer- pletes-acquisition-of-50-stake-in-intergen/; Cathy Kit Ching sey_landfill. Chan, “Huaneng Said to Buy InterGen Stake for $1.2 Billion,” Bloomberg, November 26, 2010, available at http://www. GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd. (Lancaster, California) bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-08-17/china-huaneng- Business Wire, “Wells Fargo Finances Six Solar Power said-to-be-in-talks-to-buy-50-of-intergen-for-1-2-billion. Projects Completed by GCL-Poly,” Press release, February 4, 2011, available at http://www.businesswire.com/news/ A-Power Energy Generation Systems Ltd. home/20110204005185/en/Wells-Fargo-Finances-Solar- (Lincoln County, Nevada) Power-Projects-Completed#.VblBtPlK-FV; TrinaSolar, PR Newswire, “A-Power Energy Generation Systems, Ltd and “Antelope Valley Union High School District” (2011), avail- Lincoln County, Nevada Agree to Jointly Fund Feasibility able at http://www.trinasolar.com/HtmlData/downloads/us/ Study for Pinyon-Juniper Biomass Fueled Electric Generation casestudy_Antelope_Valley_US.pdf. Plant,” Press release, September 13, 2010, available at http:// www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/a-power-energy- Shenyang Power Group (West Texas) generation-systems-ltd-and-lincoln-county-nevada-agree- PR Newswire, “Shenyang Power, US-REG and Cielo Wind Sign to-jointly-fund-feasibility-study-for-pinyon-juniper-biomass- Definitive Agreement for 600 MW Texas Wind Farm Project,” fueled-electric-generation-plant-102767879.html; The Beck Press release, December 16, 2009, available at http://www. Group, “Biomass Heat and Power Feasibility Study” (2011), prnewswire.com/news-releases/shenyang-power-us-reg- available at http://www.lcrda.com/images/Documents/ and-cielo-wind-sign-definitive-agreement-for-600-mw- LincolnCountyNVBiomassFeasibilityStudyFinalReport4-28-11.pdf. texas-wind-farm-project-79446587.html; PR Newswire, “The U.S. Renewable Energy Group & A-Power Energy Generation China National Offshore Oil Corporation Systems, Ltd. Announce Plans To Build a Wind Energy (Northeast Colorado, Southeast Wyoming) Turbine Production and Assembly Plant in the United States,” Jim Polson, “Cnooc Pays $570 Million for Chesapeake Press release, November 16, 2009, available at http://www. Shale Stake,” Bloomberg, January 31, 2011, available at prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-us-renewable-energy- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-01-31/ group--a-power-energy-generation-systems-ltd-announce- cnooc-pays-570-million-for-stake-in-chesapeake-u-s-shale-play. plans-to-build-a-wind-energy-turbine-production-and-assem- bly-plant-in-the-united-states-70244717.html. Jiangsu Zongyi Company Ltd. (Tinton Falls, New Jersey) Bloomberg, “Company Overview of Effisolar Energy Corporation, Licenses and Rights for 19MW Photovoltaic Power Station Project,” available at http://www.bloomberg.com/ research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=134189414 (last accessed July 2015); Christopher Sheldon, “Tinton Falls Solar Farm, Largest in State, To Open Next Month,” Long Branch-Eatontown Patch, September 25, 2012, available at http://patch.com/new-jersey/longbranch/ tinton-falls-solar-farm-largest-in-state-to-open-next-month.

2 Center for American Progress | Chinese Direct Investment in the U.S. Energy Economy: Sources SPI Solar and China Development Bank Sany Electric Co. Ltd. (Ralls, Texas) (Branchburg, New Jersey) Ros Davidson, “China’s Sany Electric completes first US wind KDC Solar, “KDC Solar and Lilly Commence Commercial project,” Wind Power Monthly, August 2, 2011, available at Operations on 9.95-Megawatt Solar Panel System,” Press http://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1082983/ release, June 4, 2014, available at http://www.kdcsolar. chinas-sany-electric-completes-first-us-wind-project; Sany com/20140604_BranchburgOperational.html; LDK Solar, “LDK Group, “Sany Electric First Overseas Wind Turbine Project Starts Solar Provides Update on Development Bank Financing,” Press Operation,” Press release, August 18, 2011, available at http:// release, January 4, 2012, available at http://www.ldksolar. www.sanygroup.com/en-us/news/28858_for_news_text. com/med_press_list.php?news_id=362; SPI Solar, “SPI Solar htm; Underwood, “Underwood Helps Bring Ralls Wind Farm to Successfully Delivers EPC Loan Payment of $28.5-Million to Fruition,” August 18, 2011, available at http://www.uwlaw.com/ China Development Bank,” Press release, January 8, 2014, underwood-helps-bring-ralls-wind-farm-to-fruition/. available at http://en.spisolar.com/Contents.asp?Column_ ID=29526&Content_ID=20002728; Mark Osborne, “China Ralls Corporation (Echo, Oregon) Development Bank releases project finance to SPI Solar,” PV Helene Cooper, “Obama Orders Chinese Company to End Tech, January 10, 2014, available at http://www.pv-tech.org/ Investment at Sites Near Drone Base,” The New York Times, news/china_development_bank_releases_project_finance_to_ September 28, 2012, available at http://www.nytimes. spi_solar; Ehren Goossens, “LDK Solar Gets $64 Million in China com/2012/09/29/us/politics/chinese-company-ordered-to- Funding for U.S. Projects,” Bloomberg, January 5, 2012, available give-up-stake-in-wind-farms-near-navy-base.html; Mike Francis, at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-05/ “Chinese investors in Oregon wind farm project are entitled to ldk-solar-gets-64-million-in-china-funding-for-u-s-projects. know better why Obama blocked it, court rules,” The Oregonian, July 15, 2014, available at http://www.oregonlive.com/busi- ENN Mojave Energy (Clark County, Nevada) ness/index.ssf/2014/07/chinese_investors_in_oregon_wi.html. Chris Whitmore, “ENN Mojave Energy planning to build 720MV solar system and manufacturing plant in Nevada,” PV China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Corporation Tech, July 7, 2011, available at http://www.pv-tech.org/news/ and Export-Import Bank of China (Penwell, Texas) enn_mojave_energy_planning_to_build_720mw_solar_sys- Texas Clean Energy Project, “Summit Power Group Celebrates tem_and_manufacturing_pl; Julie Fairman, “Terminates Major Milestones at US-China Strategic & Economic Dialogue Laughlin Project,” The Laughlin Times, June 19, 2013, available Meeting,” Press release, July 14, 2014, available at http://www. at http://www.mohavedailynews.com/laughlin_times/news/ texascleanenergyproject.com/2014/summit-power-group-cel- local_news/enn-terminates-laughlin-project/article_e56ac9bc- ebrates-major-milestones-at-us-china-strategic-economic-dia- db2f-5779-aa15-f1d5bbe1e459.html. logue-meeting/; Texas Clean Energy Project, “Home,” available at http://www.texascleanenergyproject.com/ (last accessed July Wanxiang America Inc. 2015). (Chicago-Rockford International Airport) Brian Rogal, “High-profile Illinois solar project languishes due China Petrochemical Corporation to lack of funding,” Midwest Energy News, August, 24, 2011, (Oklahoma, Ohio, Louisiana, Michigan) available at http://midwestenergynews.com/2011/08/24/high- Jim Polson and Benjamin Haas, “Sinopec Group to Buy profile-illinois-solar-project-hits-funding-wall/; New Generation Stakes in Devon Energy Oil Projects,” Bloomberg, January Power, “Rockford Solar,” available at http://www.newgenpower. 3, 2012, available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/ com/project/rockford/ (last accessed July 2015). articles/2012-01-03/sinopec-agrees-to-pay-900-million-for- stakes-in-five-devon-shale-projects; Ryan Dezember, “Devon, Ralls Corporation (Pleasant Hill project) Sinopec Swap Stakes for $2.2B,” Rigzone, January 3, 2012, Richard A. Kessler, “Chinese-owned Ralls in Texas project,” available at http://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/113836/ Recharge, September 30, 2013, available at http://www. Devon_Sinopec_Swap_Stakes_for_22B. rechargenews.com/wind/americas/article1339062.ece; North American Wind Power, “Ralls To Develop Texas Wind Project, China Petrochemical Corporation (Tulsa, Oklahoma; Still Awaits Verdict On Government Lawsuit,” October 3, 2013, Zhenhai, China) available at http://www.nawindpower.com/naw/e107_plugins/ Eric Watkins, “Sinopec, Syntroleum sign GTL, CTL pact,” Oil & content/content.php?content.12105; TRI Global Energy, “Tri Gas Journal, February 23, 2007, available at http://www.ogj. Global Energy and Ralls Corporation Announce Upcoming com/articles/2007/02/sinopec-syntroleum-sign-gtl-ctl-pact. Construction of 20-Megawatt Wind Farm in Crosby County, html; Hydrocarbon Processing, “Sinopec, Syntroleum open Texas,” Press release, October 2, 2013, available at http://www. China coal-to-liquids unit,” August, 2, 2011, available at http:// triglobalenergy.com/newsblog.html?5642d9bf1076265e19403 www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/2877247/Sinopec- de5e918bef9=64. Syntroleum-open-China-coal-to-liquids-unit.html.

3 Center for American Progress | Chinese Direct Investment in the U.S. Energy Economy: Sources China National Offshore Oil Corporation (Nexen) Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Company Ltd. Aibing Guo and Jeremy Van Loon, “Cnooc Buys Nexen for (Shawmut, Montana) in China’s Top Overseas Acquisition,” Bloomberg, July 23, Goldwind, “Musselshell Wind Projects 20 MW,” avail- 2012, available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/arti- able at http://www.goldwindamerica.com/project_pro- cles/2012-07-23/cnooc-to-buy-canada-s-nexen-for-15-1-billion- files/musselshell/ (last accessed July 2015); Goldwind, to-expand-overseas. “Goldwind Acquires two 10MW US Projects from Volkswind USA,” Press release, January 20, 2012, available at http:// China Wanxiang Holdings Co. Ltd. www.goldwindglobal.com/web/news.do?action=detail (Cambridge, Massachusetts) &id=201204160359131811; Goldwind, “Goldwind Selects Broadwind to Supply Towers for Montana Musselshell Project,” Business Wire, “Wanxiang and GreatPoint Energy Announce Press release, June 2012, available at http://www.gold- $1.25 Billion Investment and Agree to Construct World’s windamerica.com/goldwind-selects-broadwind-to-supply- Most Efficient Coal-to-Natural Gas Production Facility in towers-for-montana-musselshell-project-2/; Ehren Goossens China,” Press release, May 21, 2012, available at http:// and Reed Landberg, “China’s Goldwind Expanding in U.S. as www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120521005722/ Rivals Cut Back,” Bloomberg, January 20, 2012, http://www. en/Wanxiang-GreatPoint-Energy-Announce-1.25-Billion- bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-19/goldwind-buys- Investment#.VbfuLyTD_cu; GreatPoint Energy, “Wanxiang two-10-megawatt-montana-wind-farms-from-volkswind. and GreatPoint Energy Announce $1.25 Billion Investment and Agree to Construct World’s Most Efficient Coal-to-Natural Gas Production Facility in China,” Press release, May 21, 2012, Beijing Deqingyuan Agriculture Technologies available at https://www.greatpointenergy.com/pdfs/pressre- (North Carolina) leases/GreatPoint-WanxiangMay-21-2012English.pdf. Zhong Nan, “Of eggs and hogs,” China Daily, May 18, 2012, available at http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/weekly/2012-05/18/ Hanergy Holding Group Ltd. (Santa Clara, California) content_15325882.htm; Helee, “Hog Manure to Renewable Hanergy, “Hanergy emerges as world’s new clean-energy giant Electricity Project – Under Design Phase,” available at http:// following acquisition of Silicon solar firm MiaSolé,” Press release, www.helee.com/project/project3.php (last accessed July 2015). January 9, 2013, available at http://www.hanergy.com/en/con- tent/details_37_1091.html. Astronergy (Kings Mountain, North Carolina) Duke Energy, “One of North Carolina’s Largest Solar Farms China Investment Corporation (Houston, Texas) Debuts in Kings Mountain,” Press release, January 12, Henny Sender, “China fund invests in US gas export plant,” 2012, available at http://www.duke-energy.com/news/ Financial Times, August 21, 2012, available at http://www. releases/2012011202.asp; Astronergy, “Strata Solar and Chint/ ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/6dbe3abc-eb18-11e1-afbb-00144feab49a. Astronergy Debuts One of North Carolina’s Largest Solar Farm,” html#axzz3hDBVUhXo; Stephen Aldred, “Cheniere gets Press release, February 9, 2012, available at http://www.astro- funds from CIC for LNG Export Plant,” China Daily, August, nergy.com/press_detail.php?news_id=84. 22, 2012, available at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/busi- ness/2012-08/22/content_16047857.htm. China Petrochemical Corporation (Mississippi Lime) Karen Boman, “Chesapeake, Sinopec Form $1.02 B JV for A-Tech Wind Power Co. Ltd. (Lynn County, Texas) Mississippi Lime Play,” Rigzone, February 25, 2013, available at Wind Tex Energy, “Cirrus Wind 1 Project,” available at http:// http://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/124595/Chesapeake_ www.windtexenergy.com/operational-projects/cirrus-wind- Sinopec_Form_102B_JV_for_Mississippi_Lime_Play; Ajay 1-project/ (last accessed July 2015); JEC Group, “China A-TECH Makan, “Sinopec acquires stake in Chesapeake asset,” Financial Acquisition of U.S. Cirrus Wind Energy,” April 19, 2012, available Times, February 25, 2013, available at http://www.ft.com/ at http://www.jeccomposites.com/news/composites-news/ intl/cms/s/0/8c627834-7f5b-11e2-89ed-00144feabdc0.html china-tech-acquisition-u-s-cirrus-wind-energy. - axzz3hDutEJtI.

Wanxiang America Inc. (Waltham, Massachusetts) Michael Bathon, “Wanxiang Wings U.S. Approval to Buy Battery Maker A123,” Bloomberg, January 30, 2013, available at http:// www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-01-29/wanxiang- wins-cfius-approval-to-buy-bankrupt-battery-maker-a123.

4 Center for American Progress | Chinese Direct Investment in the U.S. Energy Economy: Sources BYD Auto Co. Ltd. (Lancaster, California) Wanxiang America Inc. (Anaheim, California) Build Your Dreams, “BYD and the City of Lancaster Announce Peg Brickley, “Wanxiang Approved to Take Over Hybrid Lancaster Energy Module and Electric Bus Manufacturing Maker Fisker Auto,” The Wall Street Journal, February 18, 2014, Facilities,” Press release, March 3, 2013, available at http:// available at http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052 www.byd.com/na/news/news-158.html; Bloomberg, “BYD 702304675504579390972000821190; Steven Church and Projects More U.S. Electric-Bus Orders,” April 28, 2015, available Dawn McCarty, “Wanxiang Wins Fisker Asset Auction With at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-27/ $149 Million Bid,” Bloomberg, February 15, 2014, available china-s-byd-wins-its-biggest-electric-bus-order-in-u-s-. at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-14/ wanxiang-s-149-million-fisker-bid-tops-hybrid-tech-in- Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Ltd. auction; Viknesh Vijayenthiran, “Fisker is staging a come- back with a new factory in California,” Business Insider, June (New Castle County, Delaware) 18, 2015, available at http://www.businessinsider.com/ SolarServer, “Duke Energy acquires first commercial solar power fisker-automotive-to-open-southern-california-factory-2015-6. project,” January 29, 2010, available at http://www.solarserver. com/solarmagazin/news-ea2010m01.html. Goldleaf Jewelry Company Ltd. (Houston, Texas) Amy He, “Chinese jewel firm acquires a Texas oil, gas com- Suntech Power Holdings Co. Ltd. (Goodyear, Arizona) pany,” China Daily USA, March 5, 2014, available at http://usa. John Yantis, “Suntech to close Goodyear plant, its only chinadaily.com.cn/2014-03/05/content_17325554.htm; Platts, U.S. factory,” The Arizona Republic, March 12, 2013, avail- “Chinese jeweler Goldleaf acquires Texas oil company ERG for able at http://archive.azcentral.com/community/swvalley/ $665 mil,” February 18, 2014, available at http://www.platts. articles/20130312suntech-close-goodyear-plant.html?nclick_ com/latest-news/oil/singapore/chinese-jeweler-goldleaf- check=1; Suntech, “Suntech Unveils Plans for First U.S. Factory acquires-texas-oil-company-27941704. in Goodyear, Arizona,” Press release, January 27, 2010, available at http://www.suntech-power.com/news/news55.html. TPCO America Corp. (San Patricio County, Texas) Port Corpus Christi, “Tianjin Pipe Corporation — America Sinochem Group (Irving, Texas) (TPCO): Phase 1 Complete/ Phase II Under Construction,” avail- Pioneer Natural Resources, “Pioneer Natural Resources able at http://www.portofcc.com/index.php/initiatives/tpco Announces $1.7 Billion Horizontal Wolfcamp Shale (last accessed July 2015). Transaction with Sinochem,” Press release, January 20, 2013, available at http://investors.pxd.com/phoenix. zhtml?c=90959&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1779291. GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd. (Richland, Washington) U.S. Chamber of Commerce, “Faces of Chinese Investment in the United States” (2012), available at https://www. ENN Energy Holdings Ltd. (Salt Lake City, Utah) uschamber.com/sites/default/files/legacy/reports/16983_ Nichola Groom, “Exclusive: Chinese firm puts millions into INTL_FacesChineseInvest_copyright_lr.pdf; Michelle Dupler, U.S. natural gas stations,” Reuters, March 14, 2013, avail- “Washington leaders plan trade mission to China,” Tri-City able at http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/14/ Herald, August 31, 2010, available at http://www.tri-cityherald. us-enn-lng-usa-idUSBRE92D09Y20130314. com/2010/08/31/1149654_washington-leaders-plan-trade. html?rh=1. MD America Energy LLC (Dallas, Texas; Kurten, Texas; Madisonville West, Texas) Meidu Energy Corporation (Grimes, Texas; Eagle Ford, Petroleum Listing Service, “A&D Transactions,” 24 (11) (2013), Texas; Madison, Texas) available at http://www.plsx.com/redirect/pub/AD_20130731_ Petroleum Listing Service, “Meidu’s $535 Million Woodbine Deal i11/pub/A0DBFE87-3; MD America Energy Holdings Inc., “Mei Widens Chinese Buying,” A&D Transactions 24 (11) (2013), avail- du kong gu shun li wan cheng mei guo you qi tian xiang mu able at http://www.plsx.com/redirect/pub/AD_20130731_i11/ shou gou ji hua (Meidu Holdings Smoothly Completes U.S. Oil pub/A0DBFE87-3; Jason Schumacher, “Deals That Are Getting and Gas Field Project Purchase Plan),” December 5, 2013, avail- Done,” Dentons US LLP, January 31, 2014, available at http:// able at http://www.chinameidu.com/newsinfo.aspx?kid=1807. pecd.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/5/2/25529062/2014_pecd_-_ deals_that_are_getting_done.pdf; MD America Energy SF Suntech Inc. (Tualatin, Oregon) Holdings Inc., “Mei du kong gu shun li wan cheng mei guo you Business Wire, “Powin Corporation Secures $25 Million qi tian xiang mu shou gou ji hua,” (Meidu Holdings Smoothly Investment in Its Energy Storage Technology,” Press release, Completes U.S. Oil and Gas Field Project Purchase Plan), August 8, 2014, available at http://www.businesswire.com/ December 5, 2013, available at http://www.chinameidu.com/ news/home/20140808005673/en/Powin-Corporation-Secures- newsinfo.aspx?kid=1807. 25-Million-Investment-Energy#.Vbfe0fkngnJ.

5 Center for American Progress | Chinese Direct Investment in the U.S. Energy Economy: Sources GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd. (Alpaugh 50 project) SPI Solar and China Development Bank Letter from Julie A. Fitch to Jane K. Yura, April 12, 2011, (Palm Springs, California) available at http://www.pge.com/nots/rates/tariffs/ Becky Stuart, “SPI begins construction on 8MW US solar tm2/pdf/ELEC_3613-E.pdf; Shayle Kann, “Update: project,” PV Magazine, July 13, 2011, available at http://www. GCL Solar Energy Unloads 92 MW of US Pipeline for pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/spi-begins-construc- $266M,” Greentech Solar, August 1, 2012, available tion-on-8-mw-us-solar-project_100003659/#ixzz3hHxQOsHB; at http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/ Solarbuzz, “SPI Solar Begins Construction on 8-Megawatt PV GCL-Solar-Energy-Unloads-92-MW-of-U.S.-Pipeline-for-266M. System,” July 13, 2011, available at http://www.solarbuzz.com/ industry-news/spi-solar-begins-construction-8-megawatt-pv- GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd. (Corcoran Solar Park) system; Goossens, “LDK Solar Gets $64 Million in China Funding Letter from Julie A. Fitch to Jane K. Yura. for US Projects.”

GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd. (White River Solar Farm) Zhenfa Energy Group Co. Ltd. (Enfield, Connecticut) Letter from Julie A. Fitch to Jane K. Yura. STR, “STR Holdings Closes Sale of Controlling Interest to Zhenfa Energy Group and Declares Special Dividend,” Press release, December 15, 2014, available at http://ir.strsolar.com/releasede- GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd. (Alpaugh North project) tail.cfm?ReleaseID=887757. Letter from Julie A. Fitch to Jane K. Yura; Shayle Kann, “Update: GCL Solar Energy Unloads 92 MW of US Pipeline for $266M.” Jetion Solar U.S. Corporation (Charlotte, North Carolina) Charlotte Chamber of Commerce, “Chinese solar group Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Company Ltd. sets up assembly operations in Charlotte,” Press release, (Shady Oaks Wind Farm) June 23, 2011, available at http://charlottechamber. Illinois Government News Network, “Simon: Wind power vital to com/news/2011/06/23/economic-development-news/ Illinois economic growth,” Press release, May 30, 2012, available chinese-solar-group-sets-up-assembly-operations-in-charlotte/. at http://www3.illinois.gov/PressReleases/ShowPressRelease. cfm?SubjectID=1&RecNum=10285; Kris Maher, “China Drawn Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co. Ltd. Into Tennessee Mine Fight,” The Wall Street Journal, March 19, 2013, available at http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127 (Hazelwood, Missouri) 887323639604578370733715160950. Shula Neuman, “Emerald Automotive Acquired By Chinese Group; Hazelwood Agreement Still In Place,” St. Louis Public Radio, February 28, 2014, available at http://news.stlpublicra- Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Company Ltd. dio.org/post/emerald-automotive-acquired-chinese-group- (Uilk Wind Farm) hazelwood-agreement-still-place; Colum Murphy, “China’s Goldwind, “Uilk Wind Farm 4.5 MW,” available at http:// Geely Acquires U.K. Electric-Car Startup,” The Wall Street Journal, www.goldwindamerica.com/project_profiles/uilk- March 1, 2014, available at http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1000 wind-farm/ (last accessed July 2015); Jianxiang Yan, 1424052702304071004579412241806220008. “Goldwind install and connects first Chinese turbines on US soil,” Wind Power Monthly, February 2, 2010, available Yuhuang Chemical Company Ltd. at http://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/981149/ goldwind-installs-connects-first-chinese-turbines-us-soil. (St. James Parish, Louisiana) Office of Gov. Bobby Jindal, “Governor Jindal and Yuhuang Chemical CEO Charlie Yao Announce Capital Investment of SPI Solar and China Development Bank $1.85 Billion in Louisiana Methanol Project,” Press release, July (Carteret, New Jersey) 17, 2014, available at http://gov.louisiana.gov/index.cfm?md=n KDC Solar, “White Rose Operational Profile,” available at ewsroom&tmp=detail&articleID=4618. http://www.kdcsolar.com/proj-whiterose.html (last accessed July 2015); LDK Solar, “LDK Solar Provides Update on Bank Connell Group of China and Sino Life Insurance Financing”; SPI Solar, “SPI Solar Successfully Delivers EPC Loan Payment of $28.5-Million to China Development Bank”; Company (Texas City, Texas) Osborne, “China Development Bank releases project finance Natasha Alperowicz, “Chinese group plans $4.5 billion methanol to SPI Solar”; Goossens, “LDK Solar Gets $64 Million in China complex at Texas City,” IHS Medical Week, August 26, 2014, Funding for US Projects.” available at http://www.chemweek.com/lab/Chinese-group- plans-$4-5-billion-methanol-complex-at-Texas-City_62657. html; T.J. Aulds, “Chinese firms secure leases for Shoal Plant,” The Galveston County Daily News, July 23, 2014, available at http:// www.galvnews.com/news/free/article_8943475e-11c8-11e4- b644-0017a43b2370.html.

6 Center for American Progress | Chinese Direct Investment in the U.S. Energy Economy: Sources Hanergy Holding Group Ltd. (Sunnyvale, California) China Shenhua Energy Company (Denver, Colorado) Andy Colthorpe, “Hanergy completes Alta Devices acquisition ECA, “ECA Announces Joint Venture with Shenhua America and targets The Internet of Things,” PV Tech, August 13, 2014, Holdings Corporation,” Press release, December 17, 2013, available at http://www.pv-tech.org/news/hanergy_completes_ available at http://energycorporationofamerica.com/post/ECA- alta_devices_acquisition_and_targets_the_internet_of_thin. Announces-Joint-Venture-with-Shenhua-America-Holdings- Corporation.aspx; Joao Peixe, “China’s Shenhua Strikes JV Deal Birtley Industrial Equipment Company in Marcellus,” Oil Price, January 12, 2014, available at http:// (Lexington, Kentucky) oilprice.com/Finance/investing-and-trading-reports/Chinas- Area Development, “China-based Birtley Invests $10 Million Shenhua-Strikes-JV-Deal-in-Marcellus.html. On First US Plant In Lexington, Kentucky,” September 19, 2012, available at http://www.areadevelopment.com/ Guizhou Guochuang Energy Holding Group newsItems/9-19-2012/birtley-shandong-borun-lexington- (Jacksonboro, Tennessee) kentucky-26262513.shtml; The Lane Report, “Kentucky’s Maher, “China Drawn Into Tennessee Mine Fight.” first Chinese-owned manufacturer Birtley celebrates grand opening,” April 29, 2013, available at http://www.lanereport. com/20933/2013/04/birtley-celebrates-grand-opening- in-lexington/; Scott Sloan, “Kentucky’s first major Chinese investment to be Lexington factory,” Lexington Herald-Leader, September 19, 2012, available at http://www.kentucky. com/2012/09/19/2342134/kentuckys-first-major-chinese.html.

7 Center for American Progress | Chinese Direct Investment in the U.S. Energy Economy: Sources