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Lymphocyte and Macrophage Interactions in the Response LYMPHOCYTE AND MACROPHAGE INTERACTIONS IN THE RESPONSE TO BIOMATERIAL SURFACES BY DAVID T. CHANG Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Advisor: Dr. James M. Anderson Department of Biomedical Engineering CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY August, 2008 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of _____________________________________________________ candidate for the ______________________degree *. (signed)_______________________________________________ (chair of the committee) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ (date) _______________________ *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. Copyright © 2008 by David T. Chang All rights reserved Table of Contents List of Tables .....................................................................................................................iii List of Figures..................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................viii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... ix Glossary ............................................................................................................................ xii Abstract............................................................................................................................. xv Chapter I. Introduction........................................................................................................1 Biological Response to Biomaterials.............................................................................1 Protein Adsorption and Complement.............................................................................5 Cellular Adhesion on Biomaterials................................................................................7 Macrophage Responses to Biomaterial Surfaces.........................................................10 Lymphocyte Responses to Biomaterials: Lymphocyte/Macrophage Interactions...................................................................................................................16 Inflammatory Mediators in Inflammation, Foreign Body Reaction, and Wound Healing ...........................................................................................................20 Mathematical Modeling...............................................................................................27 Model Biomaterial Surfaces ........................................................................................30 Significance..................................................................................................................45 Hypothesis and Specific Aims.....................................................................................46 References....................................................................................................................47 Chapter II. Lymphocyte/Macrophage Interactions: Biomaterial Surface- Dependent Cytokine, Chemokine, and Matrix Protein Production ...................................60 Abstract........................................................................................................................60 Introduction..................................................................................................................61 Materials and Methods.................................................................................................64 Results..........................................................................................................................69 Discussion....................................................................................................................81 References....................................................................................................................88 Chapter III. Paracrine and Juxtacrine Lymphocyte Enhancement of Adherent Macrophage and Foreign Body Giant Cell Activation ......................................................93 Abstract........................................................................................................................93 Introduction..................................................................................................................94 Materials and Methods.................................................................................................96 Results..........................................................................................................................99 Discussion..................................................................................................................106 i References..................................................................................................................111 Chapter IV. The Effect of Biomaterial Surface Chemistry on Adherent Lymphocyte Interactions with Macrophages and Foreign Body Giant Cells..................113 Abstract......................................................................................................................113 Introduction................................................................................................................114 Materials and Methods...............................................................................................117 Results........................................................................................................................120 Discussion..................................................................................................................131 References..................................................................................................................142 Chapter V. IFN-γ Production from Lymphocyte Interactions with Biomaterial- Adherent Macrophages and Foreign Body Giant Cells ...................................................147 Abstract......................................................................................................................147 Introduction................................................................................................................148 Materials and Methods...............................................................................................150 Results........................................................................................................................152 Discussion..................................................................................................................155 References..................................................................................................................170 Chapter VI. Dynamic Systems Model for Lymphocyte Interactions with Macrophages at Biomaterial Surfaces .............................................................................175 Introduction................................................................................................................175 Experimental Methods...............................................................................................178 Model Development...................................................................................................179 Results........................................................................................................................195 Discussion..................................................................................................................203 References..................................................................................................................212 Chapter VII. Conclusions and Future Directions............................................................216 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................................216 Future Directions.......................................................................................................224 References..................................................................................................................228 Appendix I. Dynamic Systems Model Main Code .........................................................230 Appendix II. Dynamic Systems Model Output Function ...............................................246 Appendix III. Dynamic Systems Model Differential Equations Function .....................250 Works Cited .....................................................................................................................253 ii List of Tables Table 1.1: Adhesion Molecules 10 Table 1.2: T Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Functions 19 Table 1.3: Important Mediators Involved in Inflammation and Wound Healing 23 Table 1.4: Mechanical and Physical Properties of PET 32 Table 1.5: Composition and Contact Angles for PET-based Surfaces 44 Table 2.1: Minimum Detection Limit for the Utilized Protein Detection Techniques 68 Table 2.2: Signal Intensity Ratings and Material Variability Indices 72 Table 4.1: Adherent Lymphocyte Densities (cells/mm2) on Biomaterial Surfaces with Varying Monocyte Concentrations
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