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Reducing Complexity in the RCAF with Constructive Simulation Lieutenant-Colonel Matthew Parsons

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Reducing Complexity in the RCAF with Constructive Simulation Lieutenant-Colonel Matthew Parsons Reducing Complexity in the RCAF With Constructive Simulation Lieutenant-Colonel Matthew Parsons JCSP 47 PCEMI 47 Master of Defence Studies Maîtrise en études de la défense Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and do Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs et not represent Department of National Defence or ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Ministère de Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used la Défense nationale ou des Forces canadiennes. Ce without written permission. papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par le Minister of National Defence, 2021. ministre de la Défense nationale, 2021. CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES JCSP 47 – PCEMI 47 2020 – 2021 MASTER OF DEFENCE STUDIES – MAÎTRISE EN ÉTUDES DE LA DÉFENSE Reducing Complexity in the RCAF with Constructive Simulation By Lieutenant-Colonel Matthew Parsons “This paper was written by a candidate attending « La présente étude a été rédigée par un stagiaire the Canadian Forces College in fulfilment of one du Collège des Forces canadiennes pour of the requirements of the Course of Studies. satisfaire à l’une des exigences du cours. L’étude The paper is a scholastic document, and thus est un document qui se rapporte au cours et contains facts and opinions which the author contient donc des faits et des opinions que seul alone considered appropriate and correct for the l’auteur considère appropriés et convenables au subject. It does not necessarily reflect the policy sujet. Elle ne reflète pas nécessairement la or the opinion of any agency, including the politique ou l’opinion d’un organisme Government of Canada and the Canadian quelconque, y compris le gouvernement du Department of National Defence. This paper Canada et le ministère de la Défense nationale may not be released, quoted or copied, except du Canada. Il est défendu de diffuser, de citer ou with the express permission of the Canadian de reproduire cette étude sans la permission Department of National Defence.” expresse du ministère de la Défense nationale. » i TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... i List of Figures ................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... iv Abstract .............................................................................................................................. v Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Thesis ............................................................................................................................. 7 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 8 Outline ............................................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2. Terminology and Literature Review .......................................................... 13 Terminology ................................................................................................................. 13 Simulation Terminology .......................................................................................... 14 Fidelity ..................................................................................................................... 15 Control ..................................................................................................................... 15 Time ......................................................................................................................... 16 Simulation Concepts ................................................................................................ 18 Organizational Functions......................................................................................... 19 Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 19 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 3. The Need ....................................................................................................... 25 GoC and DND Priorities .............................................................................................. 26 Achieving Procurement Goals ................................................................................. 26 Anticipate. Adapt. Act. ............................................................................................ 29 The Constructive Simulation Solution ......................................................................... 30 Alignment with SSE ................................................................................................ 30 Reducing Complexity .............................................................................................. 31 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 4. Milestones in Simulation ............................................................................. 42 1939 – The Link Trainer.......................................................................................... 43 1957-1970 – Training Command ............................................................................ 45 1963-1967 – NASA’s Lifting Body Aircraft........................................................... 46 1966 – Apollo Lunar Mission Simulator ................................................................. 49 1969 – The Differential Maneuvring Simulator (DMS).......................................... 51 1960s – An Investment in Simulation ..................................................................... 51 1979 – Microsoft Flight Simulator .......................................................................... 53 1970s & 1980s – Change for the RCAF .................................................................. 54 1990s Simulation Requirements .............................................................................. 55 2014 RCAF Simulation Strategy ............................................................................. 55 2020 – Microsoft Flight Simulator .......................................................................... 56 ii Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 5. RCAF and Simulation ................................................................................. 59 Uses of Simulation ....................................................................................................... 59 Current RCAF Capabilities .......................................................................................... 61 Virtual Simulators ................................................................................................... 62 Constructive Simulation .......................................................................................... 65 Modelling and Simulation (M&S) Training ............................................................ 67 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 68 Chapter 6. The Challenge............................................................................................... 69 Simulation Lifecycle .................................................................................................... 69 The Four Elements ....................................................................................................... 71 Problems to Solve .................................................................................................... 71 Models ..................................................................................................................... 73 Hardware ................................................................................................................. 76 Personnel ................................................................................................................. 80 Growth of the Elements ............................................................................................... 82 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 7. Procurement Timeline to a Useful Capability........................................... 85 Procurement Challenges ............................................................................................... 86 A Capability Deficiency .......................................................................................... 87 Relevant and Attainable Benefits ............................................................................ 87 Eligible Companies - Outsourcing .......................................................................... 88 Test and Verification ..............................................................................................
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