DOCSLIB.ORG

An Interpretive History of the Elwha River Valley and the Legacy of Hydropower on Washington's Olympic Peninsula

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Interpretive History of the Elwha River Valley and the Legacy of Hydropower on Washington's Olympic Peninsula Final Submittal An Interpretive History of the Elwha River Valley and the Legacy of Hydropower on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula by Paul Sadin, Project Historian Dawn Vogel, Research Historian Project Manager Heather Lee Miller, Associate Historian Historical Research Associates 1904 Third Avenue, Suite 240 Seattle, WA 98101 Submitted to National Park Service Olympic National Park 600 East Park Avenue Port Angeles, WA 98362 January 2011 This page left intentionally blank. Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... xi Selected Chronology of Events: Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams, 1855-2009 ......................... xiii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 The Power of the Elwha ............................................................................................................................ 4 Chapter 1 The Power of the Elwha River ....................................................................................... 9 The Klallam People of the North Peninsula ............................................................................................ 10 European Contact .................................................................................................................................... 21 Homesteading in the Elwha Valley ......................................................................................................... 23 Olympic Forest Reserve .......................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 2 Elwha Dam Construction Powers Industrial and Community Growth, 1900–1914 .... 45 Thomas Aldwell and Elwha River Power ............................................................................................... 47 Elwha Dam Construction ..................................................................................................................... 61 Foundation Blowout and Aftermath........................................................................................................ 72 Initial Impact of Elwha Dam Construction........................................................................................... 77 The Hatchery Agreement ..................................................................................................................... 79 Chapter 3 Transformations: A River, a Tribe, a City .................................................................. 87 The Industrial Growth of Port Angeles ................................................................................................... 88 Pulp and Paper Mills, 1918–1929 ........................................................................................................... 95 More Power from the Elwha ................................................................................................................... 99 Port Angeles and the Great Depression, 1929–1945............................................................................. 119 Life on the Elwha River ........................................................................................................................ 128 Elwha Valley Recreation ...................................................................................................................... 134 The Power of Place: The Elwha River and the Elwha Klallam ............................................................ 160 Chapter 4 Power Politics: The Environmental Era Arrives and Challenges to the Dams Begin, 1968–2008................................................................................................................................... 167 The Elwha Klallam Tribe’s Challenge to Relicensing .......................................................................... 176 Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act ........................................................................ 196 Local Resistance to Dam Removal ....................................................................................................... 203 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 219 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 227 Appendices Catalogue of Photographs and Graphics Identified for use in Publication .................... Appendix A [FINAL] Balances of Power Historical Research Associates, Inc. i List of Figures Figure 1. Map of the Elwha River watershed on the north side of the Olympic Peninsula. The vast majority of the watershed lies within Olympic National Park. Courtesy of Olympic National Park. .... 3 Figure 2. Aerial view of (top to bottom) Lake Mills, Glines Canyon Dam and power plant, and the Elwha River, n.d. Photograph by Jet Lowe. Courtesy of Olympic National Park. ............................................ 5 Figure 3. Construction workers hanging from a revolving crane in the early phase of building Glines Canyon Dam, ca. 1926–1927. Courtesy of Clallam County Historical Society, ONP ref. no. 2010.200.086. ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4. Elwha River. Courtesy of Olympic National Park. .................................................................... 10 Figure 5. Map showing the mouth of the Elwha River, Freshwater Bay, and the location of the Elwha Klallam village, 1908. Courtesy of Olympic National Park Archives. ................................................ 12 Figure 6. Fragment of an almost 3,000-year-old basket, made of roots and limbs, found by visitors to Olympic National Park, n.d. Courtesy of Olympic National Park. ...................................................... 15 Figure 7. Example of a culturally modified tree. This scarred cedar was found in the Tongass National Forest of southeastern Alaska, 2009. Photograph by Eric Carlson, Historical Research Associates, Inc. ........................................................................................................................................................ 16 Figure 8. Hand-colored postcard depicting the Elwha Canyon, prior to dam construction. Photograph by P. C. Nailer and Co., Port Angeles, Wash. Courtesy of Olympic National Park. ................................ 18 Figure 9. Underwater view of swimming salmon. Photograph by National Park Service. Courtesy of Olympic National Park. ........................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 10. Salmon eggs in stream gravel. Photograph by National Park Service. Courtesy of Olympic National Park. ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 11. Hand-colored image of black and white photograph showing Glines Canyon and footbridge across Elwha River prior to dam construction, ca. 1900. Courtesy of Olympic National Park. .......... 23 Figure 12. Affidavit containing the statements of two Clallam County residents testifying that Marcellus Huntoon made sufficient improvements to his homestead to obtain title to the land, June 2, 1873. The document indicates that Huntoon settled on the parcel on December 25, 1861, and moved into his permanent “log dwelling house” on approximately February 25, 1862. Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration. ................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 13. Humes Ranch along the Elwha River, 1918. New residents quickly realized what Klallam tribal members had long known—the soil-rich bottomlands where the Elwha River’s previous floods had deposited mud and debris were the best locations for settlement and raising crops. The terrain was also flatter than on steep slopes farther away from the river. Courtesy of Lyman R. Humes Collection, Olympic National Park. Ref. no. .......................................................................................................... 27 Figure 14. Dodger and Norma Bender in front of their home on the Elwha River. Photograph by Gary Wagner. Courtesy of Alice Alexander. ................................................................................................ 28 Figure 15. “Doc” A. Ludden’s Geyser Apiary Co. in the Elwha Valley, ca. 1914. Courtesy of the Bert Kellogg Collection of the North Olympic Library System. ................................................................. 30 Figure 16. Elwha Valley homesteaders Will Humes, Orlin Burdick, and Grant Humes at the Humes Ranch cabin, 1905. Photograph by Frank Pearson. Courtesy of Gerry Humes Collection, Olympic National Park. ....................................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 17. Humes Ranch Cabin, interior, n.d. Courtesy of Clallam County Historical Society, ref. no. 988.64.24. ............................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE Annual Regulation Commercial and Subsistence Sea Urchin Regulations S18-084 1
    ELWHA FISHERIES OFFICE 760 Stratton Road (360) 457-4012 Port Angeles, WA 98363 FAX: (360) 452-4848 September 10, 2018 LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE Annual Regulation Commercial and Subsistence Sea Urchin Regulations S18-084 1. SPECIES Red sea urchins – Mesocentrotus franciscanus Green sea urchins – Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis 2. FISHING AREAS Marine Shellfish Management and Catch Reporting Areas 20B, 22A, 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25E, 26A (Lower Elwha U & A areas in that portion of 26A south and west of the southern tip of Possession Point on Whidbey Island 27A, 27B (north of an east-west line from Ayock Pt.) and 29. 3. OPEN TIMES AND AREAS All above areas are open to Commercial Urchin harvest September 11, 2018 through August 31, 2019 or until the respective treaty quotas have been reached. The sea urchin management areas are designated as follows: A) Red Sea Urchins San Juan Island Region: This area includes District 1, Northern San Juan Islands, (Marine Fish and Shellfish (MFSF) Catch Reporting Area 20B, and those waters of Area 22A north of a line projected east-west one-quarter mile north of Lime Kiln Light on San Juan Island and west of a line projected true north from Limestone Point on San Juan Island); and District 2, Southern San Juan Islands, (those waters of Area 22A south of a line projected east-west one-quarter mile north of Lime Kiln Light on San Juan Island, and Areas 23A). Admiralty Inlet: This Area includes MFSF Catch Reporting Areas 23B, 25A, and 25B Strait of Juan de Fuca Region: 1 This area includes District 3, Port Angeles (those waters of Area 23C east of a line projected true north from 123 degrees 48.3 minutes west longitude, and Area 23D); District 4, Sekiu, (those waters of Area 23C west of a line projected true north from 123 degrees 52.7 minutes west longitude); and District 5, Neah Bay, (Area 29 east of a line projected true north from Rasmussen Creek).
    [Show full text]
  • US 101 Elwha River Bridge Environmental Assessment With
    US 101 Elwha River Bridge Replacement Environmental Assessment Washington State Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration – Washington Division June 30, 2021 Title VI Notice to Public It is the Washington State Department of Transportation’s (WSDOT) policy to assure that no person shall, on the grounds of race, color, national origin or sex, as provided by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise discriminated against under any of its programs and activities. Any person who believes his/her Title VI protection has been violated, may file a complaint with WSDOT’s Office of Equal Opportunity (OEO). For additional information regarding Title VI complaint procedures and/or information regarding our non-discrimination obligations, please contact OEO’s Title VI Coordinator at (360) 705-7090. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Information This material can be made available in an alternate format by emailing the Office of Equal Opportunity at [email protected] or by calling toll free, 855-362-4ADA (4232). Persons who are deaf or hard of hearing may make a request by calling the Washington State Relay at 711. US 101 Elwha River Bridge Replacement –Environmental Assessment ii US 101 Elwha River Bridge Replacement –Environmental Assessment iii Table of Contents Chapter 1: Background and Purpose and Need ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 8.6 Bull Trout 8.6.1 Status of the Species
    8.6 BULL TROUT 8.6.1 STATUS OF THE SPECIES (Note that terminology related to bull trout population groupings are further defined in Appendix E) 8.6.1.1 Listing Status The coterminous United States population of the bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) was listed as threatened on November 1, 1999 (64 FR 58910). The threatened bull trout occurs in the Klamath River Basin of south-central Oregon and in the Jarbidge River in Nevada, in the Willamette River Basin in Oregon, in the Pacific Coast drainages of Washington, including the Puget Sound; throughout major rivers in Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Montana within the Columbia River Basin, and in the St. Mary- Belly River, east of the Continental Divide in northwestern Montana (Cavender 1978; Bond 1992; Brewin and Brewin 1997; Leary and Allendorf 1997). Throughout its range, the bull trout is threatened by the combined effects of habitat degradation, fragmentation and alterations associated with: dewatering, road construction and maintenance, mining, and grazing; the blockage of migratory corridors by dams or other diversion structures; poor water quality; entrainment (a process by which aquatic organisms are pulled through a diversion or other device) into diversion channels; and introduced non-native species (64 FR 58910). Poaching and incidental mortality of bull trout during other targeted fisheries are additional threats. The bull trout was initially listed as three separate Distinct Population Units (DPSs) (63 FR 31647, 64 FR 17110). The preamble to the final listing rule for the United
    [Show full text]
  • Port Gamble and Jamestown S'kllalam Tribes Brief
    Case: 19-35611, 02/18/2020, ID: 11599180, DktEntry: 34, Page 1 of 81 No. 19-35610, 19-35611, 19-35638 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT ________________ LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM INDIAN TRIBE; JAMESTOWN S’KLALLAM TRIBE; PORT GAMBLE S’KLALLAM TRIBE, Petitioners-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, v. LUMMI NAT ION, Respondent-Appellant-Cross-Appellee SWINOMISH INDIAN TRIBAL COMMUNITY; SUQUAMISH TRIBE; STATE OF WASHINGTON; MAKAH INDIAN TRIBE; STILLAGUAMISH TRIBE; UPPER SKAGIT INDIAN TRIBE; NISQUALLY INDIAN TRIBE; TULALIP TRIBES; SQUAXIN ISLAND TRIBE; SKOKOMISH INDIAN TRIBE, Real-parties-in-interest ________________ On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington, No. 2:11-sp-00002-RSM ________________ BRIEF FOR APPELLEES-CROSS-APPELLANTS JAMESTOWN AND PORT GAMBLE S’KLALLAM TRIBES ________________ GEORGE W. HICKS, JR. LAUREN RASMUSSEN KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP Counsel of Record 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW LAW OFFICES OF Washington, DC 20004 LAUREN P. RASMUSSEN (202) 389-5000 1904 Third Avenue, Suite 1030 Seattle, WA 98107 (206) 623-0900 [email protected] Counsel for Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe and Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe February 18, 2020 Case: 19-35611, 02/18/2020, ID: 11599180, DktEntry: 34, Page 2 of 81 CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT The Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe and Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe are federally recognized Indian Tribes by the Secretary of the Interior. 83 Fed. Reg. 4235-02 (January 30, 2018). Accordingly, a corporate disclosure statement is not required by Rule 26.1 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. Case: 19-35611, 02/18/2020, ID: 11599180, DktEntry: 34, Page 3 of 81 TABLE OF CONTENTS CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Daytime Summer Microclimate Influence of Large Woody Debris on Dewatered Sediments in Lake Mills, WA Following Dam Removal
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Summer 2018 Daytime Summer Microclimate Influence of Large Woody Debris on Dewatered Sediments in Lake Mills, WA Following Dam Removal Mariah J. Colton Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Colton, Mariah J., "Daytime Summer Microclimate Influence of Large Woody Debris on Dewatered Sediments in Lake Mills, WA Following Dam Removal" (2018). WWU Graduate School Collection. 712. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/712 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Daytime Summer Microclimate Influence of Large Woody Debris on Dewatered Sediments in Lake Mills, WA Following Dam Removal By Mariah J. Colton Accepted in Partial Completion of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science ADVISORY COMMITTEE Chair, Dr. Peter S. Homann Dr. Andy Bach Dr. James Helfield GRADUATE SCHOOL Gautam Pillay, Dean Master's Thesis In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington Univer- sity the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU. I represent and warrant this is my original work, and does not infringe or violate any rights of others.
    [Show full text]
  • Pygmy Whitefish Fact Sheet
    Sensitive Species ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulteri) State Status: Sensitive, 1998 Federal Status: Species of concern Recovery Plans: None State Management Plan: None The pygmy whitefish, a small (usually < 20 cm) Figure 1. Pygmy whitefish (photo from Wydoski and member of the family Salmonidae, is distributed Whitney 2003). across the northern tier of the United States, throughout western Canada and north into southeast Alaska, and in one lake in Russia (Hallock and Mongillo 1998). Their widely scattered distribution, primarily in deep lakes, suggests they are relics of a wider distribution prior to the last ice age (Wydoski and Whitney 2003). Washington is at the extreme southern edge of their native range in North America. Pygmy whitefish are most commonly found in cool oligotrophic lakes and streams of mountainous regions. However, they have been collected from smaller, shallow, more productive lakes in British Columbia and Washington. Pygmy whitefish eat crustaceans, aquatic insect larvae and pupae, fish eggs, and small mollusks. Pygmy whitefish are important forage fish for larger predatory species including bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Historically, pygmy whitefish resided in at least 16 lakes in Washington (Figure 2; Hallock and Mongillo 1998). Currently they inhabit only nine. Their demise in six lakes is attributed to piscicides, introduction of exotic fish species and/or declining water *# quality. Because of the very limited range of the *# pygmy whitefish in Washington, they are *# vulnerable to additional extirpations without *# *#*# *# *# *# *# cooperative management. *# Pygmy whitefish surveys require specialized *# *# *#*#*# techniques because of the fish's small size and tendency to inhabit the deeper portions of lakes; their presence in lakes heavily sampled for other species sometimes goes undetected.
    [Show full text]
  • Age Structure and Hatchery Fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2015 Carcass Survey Report
    STATE OF WASHINGTON June 2016 Age Structure and Hatchery Fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2015 Carcass Survey Report by Josh Weinheimer1, Joseph Anderson1, Randy Cooper1, Scott Williams1, Mike McHenry2, Patrick Crain3, Sam Brenkman3 and Heidi Hugunin3 1 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2 Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe 3 Olympic National Park Washington Department of FISH AND WILDLIFE Fish Program Fish Science Division FPA 16-04 Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2015 Carcass Survey Report Prepared by: Josh Weinheimer1, Joseph Anderson1, Randy Cooper1, Scott Williams1, Mike McHenry2, Patrick Crain3, Sam Brenkman3 and Heidi Hugunin3 1 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2 Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe 3 Olympic National Park June 2016 Acknowledgements Collecting carcasses from a large system like the Elwha River watershed involves a tremendous amount of work and dedication. We would like to thank the following individuals from various agencies that assisted with the surveys: Matthew Choowong, Henry Kei, Andrew Simmons, Chris O’Connell and Pete Topping from WDFW; Anna Geffre with Olympic National Park; Sonny Sampson, Gabe Youngman, Wilson Wells and Randall McCoy from Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. We would also like to thank Troy Tisdale, Vern Madison, and Jeff Gufler from WDFW for their assistance with samples collected at the Elwha Rearing Channel and fecundity measurements at the Hurd Creek Hatchery. Thanks to the WDFW Ageing, Thermal Otolith, and CWT laboratories for sample analysis. Funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service under contract P15PX02717. Executive Summary Monitoring the recolonization of Pacific salmon and steelhead following the removal of two dams is a critical component of the Elwha Restoration Project.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Environmental Impact Statement
    Final Environmental Impact Statement Elwha River Ecosystem Restoration Implementation Purpose and Need: The Elwha River ecosystem and native anadromous fisheries are severely degraded as a result of two hydroelectric dams (projects) and their reservoirs built in the early 1900s. Congress has mandated the full restoration of this ecosystem and its native anadromous fisheries through the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (Public Law 102-495). The Department of the Interior has found there is a need to return this river and the ecosystem to its natural, self-regulating state, and proposes to implement the Congressional mandate by removing both dams in a safe, environmentally sound and cost effective manner and implementing fisheries and ecosystem restoration planning. Only dam removal would fully restore the ecosystem or its native anadromous fisheries. Proposed Action: The U.S. Department of the Interior proposes to fully restore the Elwha River ecosystem and native anadromous fisheries through the removal of Elwha Dam and Glines Canyon Dam and implementing fish restoration and revegetation. Dam removal would occur over a 2-year period. Elwha Dam would be removed by blasting, and Glines Canyon Dam by a combination of blasting and diamond wire saw cutting. Lake Aldwell would be drained by a diversion channel, and Lake Mills by notching down Glines Canyon Dam. Stored sediment would be eroded naturally by the Elwha River. The proposed action is located in Clallam County, on the Olympic Peninsula, in Washington State. Lead/Cooperating agencies: The National Park Service is the lead agency. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Benefits of Dam Removal
    A Research Paper by Dam Removal: Case Studies on the Fiscal, Economic, Social, and Environmental Benefits of Dam Removal October 2016 <Year> Dam Removal: Case Studies on the Fiscal, Economic, Social, and Environmental Benefits of Dam Removal October 2016 PUBLISHED ONLINE: http://headwaterseconomics.org/economic-development/local-studies/dam-removal-case-studies ABOUT HEADWATERS ECONOMICS Headwaters Economics is an independent, nonprofit research group whose mission is to improve community development and land management decisions in the West. CONTACT INFORMATION Megan Lawson, Ph.D.| [email protected] | 406-570-7475 P.O. Box 7059 Bozeman, MT 59771 http://headwaterseconomics.org Cover Photo: Whittenton Pond Dam, Mill River, Massachusetts. American Rivers. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 MEASURING THE BENEFITS OF DAM REMOVAL ........................................................................................... 2 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................. 5 CASE STUDIES WHITTENTON POND DAM, MILL RIVER, MASSACHUSETTS ........................................................................ 11 ELWHA AND GLINES CANYON DAMS, ELWHA RIVER, WASHINGTON ........................................................ 14 EDWARDS DAM, KENNEBEC RIVER, MAINE ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Some Dam – Hydro News
    SSoommee DDaamm –– HHyyddrroo NNeewwss and Other Stuff i 5/01/2009 Quote of Note: Thoughts on the economy: “If you’re in a traffic jam quit whining, it means you have a job” - - Paula Smith “If you have a job it’s a recession, if you’re laid off it’s a depression” - - Common “No nation was ever drunk when wine was cheap.” - - Thomas Jefferson Ron’s wine pick of the week: Maipe Bonarda Mendoza, Argentina 2008 OOtthheerr SSttuuffffff::: (Oops, a funny thing happened on the way to the office, they forgot about or don’t know about pumped storage hydro, the ideal backup solution. They got it right on the other points though.) Getting real on wind and solar By James Schlesinger and Robert L. Hirsch, Washington Post, 04/24/2009 Why are we ignoring things we know? We know that the sun doesn't always shine and that the wind doesn't always blow. That means that solar cells and wind energy systems don't always provide electric power. Nevertheless, solar and wind energy seem to have captured the public's support as potentially being the primary or total answer to our electric power needs. Solar cells and wind turbines are appealing because they are "renewables" with promising implications and because they emit no carbon dioxide during operation, which is certainly a plus. But because both are intermittent electric power generators, they cannot produce electricity "on demand," something that the public requires. We expect the lights to go on when we flip a switch, and we do not expect our computers to shut down as nature dictates.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 State of Our Watersheds Report West WRIA 18 – Morse Creek to Elwha River
    2016 State of Our Watersheds Report West WRIA 18 – Morse Creek to Elwha River am removal seemed like an elusive Dtarget over the years and many citizens were skeptical of the benefits. However in just four years the river has transported over 60% of the stored sediment, resulting in a rebirth of the estuary and the floodplain. Salmon are ascending to historic habitats and the recovery of the ecosystem is about to blossom. -MIkE MCHENrY FIsHErIEs HABItAt MANAGEr Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe is part of the Klal- lam Band of Indians that have resided throughout the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Hood Canal and Port Gamble Bay for generations. They are party to the Point No Point Treaty of 1855, when tribes ceded most their traditional lands to the U.S. government. The Dunge- ness-Elwha Basin (WRIA 18) has remained largely Seattle rural and forested with a natural resources-based economy focused on shellfish harvesting, commercial forestry, commercial fisheries, tourism, and agricul- ture. Major land-use impacts on salmon habitat have occurred from floodplain and shoreline development, road construction and past logging practices. This report will focus on the northwest portion of WRIA 18 basin and surrounding marine waters, which is only a portion of the area that the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe co-manages. 58 Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Elwha Basin The Area of Concern for the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe (Elwha shoreline habitat conditions. Both internal and outside reviews Tribe) is the western portion of WRIA 18, from the Elwha River have concluded that recovery efforts are behind the expected pace watershed to Morse Creek, east of Port Angeles.
    [Show full text]
  • Steelhead Response to the Removal of the Elwha River Dams
    Steelhead response to the removal of the Elwha River Dams Photo by John McMillan Pacific Coast Steelhead Management Conference March 22 2018 Walla Walla, WA Acknowledgements Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Mike McHenry, Ray Moses, Larry Ward, Mel Elofson, Sonny Sampson, Wilson Wells, John Mahan, Doug Morill, Robert Dohrn, Randall McCoy, Matt Beirne National Park Service Brian Winter, Anna Geffre, Josh Geffre, Heidi Hugunin, Phil Kennedy, Sam Brenkman, Pat Crain, Kathryn Sutton NOAA Fisheries George Pess, Martin Liermann, Todd Bennett, Steve Corbett, Oleksandr Stefankiv, Amilee Wilson, Zach Hughes, Tim Tynan, Eric Ward USGS Jeff Duda, Andy Ritchie, Chris Curran, Amy East, Jon Warrick Trout Unlimited WDFW US Fish and Wildlife Service John McMillan Joe Anderson, Chris O’Connell, Randy Roger Peters US Bureau of Reclamation Cooper, Mike Gross, Andrew Claiborne & K Denton & Associates Jennifer Bountry, Tim Randle WDFW Fish Ageing Laboratory Keith Denton Elwha River 833 km2 watershed Elwha Dam • built 1913 • 32 m tall • River km 8 Glines Canyon Dam • Built 1927 • 64 m tall • River km 21 Pess et al. 2008 NW Science 115 km of habitat upstream of Elwha Dam site Photo montage compiled by George Pess Photos from NPS time lapse camera Photo montage compiled by George Pess Photos from NPS time lapse camera Sediment release • 21 million m3 of sediment stored in former reservoirs • 16 million m3 in Lake Mills (upstream of Glines) • 5 million m3 in Lake Aldwell (upstream of Elwha) • Approximately two-thirds evacuated from former reservoirs • 90% delivered to
    [Show full text]