Vol. XXXI. No. 2. 25 Cents a Copy February, 1926 INACIric

Articles by DAVID STARR JORDAN IYEMASA TOKUGAWA ALLAN R. McCULLOCH PAUL SCHARRENBERG DR. C. P. BERKEY and others

UNITED STATES AUSTRALASIA HAWAII ORIENT JAVA Am. News Co. Gordon & Gotch Pan-Pacific Union Kelly & Walsh Javasche Boekhandel Trans-Pacific Transportation

The Matson Navigation Company is palatial steamers between Honolulu and planning big things for Hawaii in many Los Angeles. The steamers visit Hilo ways. It is behind the great new Royal for the Volcano trip. The B. F. Dilling- Hawaiian Hotel at Waikiki, and is en- ham Co., Ltd., are Honolulu agents for thusing the people of Honolulu to re- the Los Angeles Steamship Company, at newed efforts to place their attractions Fort and Queen Sts., and here may be before the people of the mainland. arranged passage direct to Los Angeles, The Company is also inducing the and beyond by rail, or you may arrange people of Hawaii to visit California and to ship your auto or general freight. become acquainted with the people of the The Oceanic Steamship Company, scenic beaches of that state. The Mat- with head offices in San Francisco, and son Navigation Company maintains a Brewer & Company as agents in Honolulu, tourist information bureau at its main maintains a fleet of swift palatial steamers office in the Matson Building in San between San Francisco, Hawaii, and Aus- Francisco, as well as in the Castle & tralia, visiting Fiji and Samoa en route. Cooke Building in Honolulu, where This is the ideal passage to the South Seas tours of the Hawaiian Islands may be via the sunshine belt to Australasia. The booked. record breaking trans-Pacific steamers, "Sierra", "Sonoma", and "Ventura", are Weekly, the Dollar Steamship Line sends its palatial passenger vessels around on this run. the world via San Francisco, Honolulu The Northern Pacific Railway Com- and the Orient. These great oil-burning maintains a splendid trans-conti- liners have only outside rooms and brass pany nental service from the Puget Sound bedsteads for their passengers. The country, Portland, Seattle, and Vancou- agency of the company in Honolulu is in ver, across the continent. This is an the McCandless Building. The steamers ideal route from either Los Angeles or usually arrive in Honolulu on Saturday San Francisco -around the United States. morning, sailing for the Orient late the Tickets may be purchased by tourists, one same afternoon, giving a day of sightsee- way by the "North Coast Limited" ing in the city. through the wonderful Northwest, with The Toyo Kisen Kaisha maintains a stop-over at Yellowstone National Park line of palatial steamers across the Paci- and at Puget Sound cities. fic, via Honolulu and San Francisco. From The Canadian Pacific Railway is Japan this line maintains connections to reaching out for the visitor from across every part of the Orient. This company the Pacific. At Vancouver, almost at the also maintains a line of steamers between gangplank of the great Empress liners Japan and South America ports via Hono- from the Orient, and the great palatial lulu, as well as a Java line from Japan. steamers of the Canadian Australian The Honolulu office is in the Alexander liners, express trains of the Canadian Young Hotel, and the head office in Pacific begin their four-day flying trip Tokyo, Japan. across the continent through a panorama The Los Angeles Steamship Company of mountains and plains equalled nowhere maintains splendid fortnightly service by in the world for scenic splendor.

5110Elininirif t 410-Pariftr flittga3itir CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD Volume XXXI Number 2 CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY. 1926 Helping to Organize Pan-Pacific Effort - - - - 103 13v Dr. David Starr Jordan The Genesis of the Pan-Pacific Union, Chapter VI - - 109 Being Some Reminiscences of Alexander Hume Ford, Director of the Pan-Pacific Union October at the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo Address by Motosada Zumoto - - - - - 117 Address by Mr. Iyemasa Tokugawa, "How The Pan- Pacific Club of Tokyo Began" - - - - 121 Address by Dean Russell of the University of Wisconsin - - - - - - - 122 Address by His Excellency Baron Keishiro Matsui - 123 Address by Viscount T. Inouye, "The Medical Confer- ence in Japan" - - - - - - - 124 Address by Major A. Parker Hitchens - - - 124 Address by Dr. W. W. New - - - - - 126 Address by A. Maki, "Japan's Impressions of the Canadian Rockies" - - - - - - 127 Address by His Excellency H. Josa da Costa Carneiro, "The Portuguese in the Pacific" - - - 130 Address by Edwin L. Neville - - - - - 132 South America as I Know It - - - - - - 133 By Dr. Herbert A. Manchester Fish of the Pacific - - - - - - - 139 By Allan R. McCulloch Practical Relief Work in China - - - - - 143 By Rev. Philip Allen Swarts- Agricultural Education in the Philippines - - - 149 By Kilmer 0. Moe The Laborer and the Pacific - - - - - - 155 By Paul Scharrenberg Borobudur, the Temple that Buddhists Forgot - - 161 By Dr. Harold T. Stearns Exploring the Gobi Desert - - - - - - 165 By Dr. C. P. Berl, ey The New Women of China - - - - - - 169 By S. .V. An-Young Mountains, Rivers and Lakes of New Zealand - - 175 By George If. Thomson Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union - - - - - 181 New Series A-o. 73

Gip i'll ill-Varitir Uagaziiw Published monthly by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Honolulu, T. B. United States and possessions, by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. Yearly subscription in the Printed Single copies, 25c. $3.00 in advance. Canada and Mexico, $3.25. For all foreign countries, $3.50. Entered as second -class matter at the Honolulu Postottice. Permission is given to publish articles from the Mid-Pacific Magazine

1C711C711C711C7IIVISPIIPIT0I • 99999999 99 WAMTArStMAIMELNIACHANtA2 102 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Hon. Wallace R. Farrington, Governor of Hawaii, President of the Pan-Pacific Union, and patron of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution. This picture was taken by Burton Holmes. The Governor is standing in the old Throne Room of King Kala- kaua, and by his bust. The seal of Hawaii is just above his head. THE MID-PACIFIC 103

The Pan-Pacific Research Institution and grounds at Honolulu

Helping to Organize Pan-Pacific Effort By DR. DAVID STARR JORDAN (Before the Pan-Pacific Club of Honolulu)

14 IMNI.IICIU ILithal/CalnUn ini n

I have two or three things to say that for it is a wickedness in which all the are not especially connected. I was talk- people of a nation are brought together to ing to one of your most distinguished perform. citizens and he made the remark that Private murder in which an individual after all we were doing we still would is concerned is bad enough but wholesale not be able to end war because we could murder which concerns a whole nation not get rid of the spirit of pugnacity and is infinitely worse. Every dollar that is greed which is imbedded in human nature. used up in war will have to be paid for That may be true of individuals. There by hard work, and that is one of the have always been wicked men and will things that makes war the most wicked always be, I suppose, who will be influ- thing in the world. Now we have found enced by those motives, but the best thing in human history that whenever a great to do is to turn Public Opinion on them collective wrong was at its triumph that and it will kill them off. The point I particular wrong has to pass away. A col- want to make is that it seems to me that lective wrong is one in which everyone war is the most wicked thing in the world, is concerned, and the wrong of war de- 104 THE MID-PACIFIC

Dr. and Mrs. David Starr Jordan with Mrs. Arata Aoke, wife of the Japanese Consul, at a reception in honor of the Jordans at the Consulate.

Members of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution, and Dr. Charles Henry Gilbert, second from left hand, front row. On the left of Dr. Gilbert is Dr. C. A. Cooper, on the right, Mr. H. I,. Kelly, and Mr. Frederick A. G. Muir; upper row, left, Prof. F. G. Krauss, Mr. A. H. Ford, Prof. J. F. Illingworth, Prof. W. J. Mac Neil, Mr. W. T. Pope. THE MID-PACIFIC 105 pends entirely upon law and statute. war have been done away with. The Red Outlaw war and the thing is over and Cross is a movement against the horrors done with, just as other great collective of war. The purpose of war is terroriza- customs in the past have been done away tion—terrorize a people so that they will with. Cannibalism was the greatest col- yield, and yet a war never settles any- lective wrong at one time, when people thing. The war between France and ate hearts and brains of wise and brave Prussia in 1870 was such a war that it was men. Some one arose and said that this almost certain that Europe would be custom was wrong and that all were child- drawn in later to settle the conflict. ren of one God and while not much Therefore, I do not believe that war is a attention was paid at first to this pioneer, permanent institution any more than slav- gradually the outlook on this custom ery, the Inquisition, cannibalism, which changed and it was abolished. depended upon governments for their ex- istence. When people see wrong things Slavery died at the moment of its great- in the true light they make them cease. est triumph. I can remember the great change of opinion that took place. We Every great wrong dies in the moment say that human nature does not change. of its greatest triumph. If war can get Public opinion however certainly does a greater triumph than it had in Europe and it does suddenly. When men can see in the last decade, then it will wait until a great wrong as it is, they will not stand that time before passing out. There were for it. Enlightened consciousness of a as many non-combatants killed as there nation is the important thing. When were soldiers. It costs $20,000 to kill a public opinion has been enlightened the soldier and only $10,000 to kill a civilian, laws of the country will be changed. In and so it is cheaper to kill civilians. You the case of slavery, every drop of blood can wipe out more people by poisonous drawn by the lash was drawn again by gas attacks on cities than by firing at the the sword. front because men have a way of dodging In the Middle Ages the Inquisition and escaping there. I have felt outraged flourished. The people who engage in a at the accounts in the newspapers of the collective custom do not see anything bombarding of Petrich, a little village in wrong with it. That is the same thing Italy with about 3,000 inhabitants and with war ; from the simplest practice up that many more refugees from Greece. to the most brutal and inhuman act of It has been bombarded because of a band war, law vouches for it. If you accept the of dispossessed farmers who will be called standards of your nation you cannot do patriots if they are successful and brig- anything else, especially in war time. ands if they are unsuccessful, and they'll However, when the thing is thrown on the he hanged. It is claimed they are hiding individual then it ceases. Religious wars in the mountains near the town. There went on in the days gone by. In Ger- are no mountains at all, just some hills many religious war waged for 30 years about 150 feet high. until a third of the population was killed off, and then they decided that was not the The people of our generation have tried right way to act. They began to listen to out war and found that it was not so much Luther, and he said that every matter of of a success. You do not clean up any- right and wrong was a matter of the thing by war, it is just like cleaning up Gospel and so they stopped. Civilized your chicken yard or pig pen by killing people have never gone out and extermin- off the occupants. War is nothing more ated people of other creeds or political than standing us on our heads and shak- beliefs and the time will come when all ing down the money in our pockets. No warfare will cease. Certain brutalities of one gets rich in a war except by plunder 106 THE MID-PACIFIC

Dr. C. Ishikawa, Japan's delegate to the Pan-Pacific Fisheries Conference on his way to Honolulu.

A corner of the Australian room in the main building of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution. THE MID-PACIFIC 107

and some of us have to make it good when search Institution for the purpose of find- people do get rich that way. ing out things that are new, truths about I have been here two months and I think everything related to the Pacific and every- this is the longest I have ever been in one thing that can be found out. This is the place other than home, and I have talked Paradise of insects and all the problems to many people. When they saw me com- that are brought up in connection with ing on the street, if they did not want to these insects are of interest and need solv- talk to me then they went to the other ing. It is a paradise of fishes too. I side of the street and I understood that it never go down to the market that I don't was all right. I would like to see the find something new to science. Even world made better before I get through this morning, Dr. Wakiya and I found with it. I forgive Mr. Bryan many things out something new. I have prepared a in the line of errors in natural history be- list of the fishes here and have 683 kinds, cause he said that he was primarily inter- and it will be printed by the Pan-Pacific ested in getting rid of two things in the Research Institute. This list includes world, drink and war. So am I. open sea and deep sea fish. We learn I came here to help organize the Re- about the latter by putting down on the search Institution of the Pan-Pacific bottom of the sea something like a road Union. The Pan-Pacific Union has al- scraper and everything that is there gets ready justified itself. It has done more into the net. The fish are not afraid be- than all the advertising to put Honolulu cause they have not met many road scrap- on the map as an intellectual center where ers in their placid existence. The dredge people get together and talk things over, could not be used around Hawaii because and the people in the East are beginning the lava deposits tear the nets, but Kauai to listen. The influence which comes as is smoother because the whales have an aftermath from getting together and knocked off all the sharp points. When talking things over is an important one. Dr. Gilbert was here he found many In 1922 we had an educational conference things of interest in this deep sea dredg- here and a large group from Japan and ing. Korea and other parts of the Pacific were We want to see the Pan-Pacific Re- here and we were able to talk things over search Institute a center for that kind of in detail with the leading men of each work. There are something like two or country and we agreed that if we could three hundred thoroughly trained scien- not educate for peace we had better not tific men employed by the government educate at all. We agreed that the time and the various sugar plantations. The had come for the Washington Conference Pan-Pacific Research Institute has formed to be made successful, but in the case of these into a sort of corporation of thirty the Atlantic side of the world we must men who are the chairmen of the various remember that we were dealing with tough sections and the managers of the Institute. old diplomats who had not yet gotten out Dr. Larsen is the president, Dr. Krauss of the woods, and yet there are many peo- vice-president, and Mr. Weinrich, sec- ple in those countries who look on war retary. They are not going to beg money as we do. William Lloyd Garrison said from Honolulu, but from the outside "I would never trust the war spirit any- world, and they are going to get it, as we where in the universe of God, because it did at Wood's Hole, which is the greatest is the spirit of killing people because of seaside station in the world. They have some little grievance that the people them- $900,000 in bonds and one million in build- selves have nothing to do with. It is ing and equipment. They started in with against civilization." nothing in funds or equipment except We have organized the Pan-Pacific Re- some rented buildings. After fourteen 108 THE MID-P kCIFIC years, they formed a corporation and more animals to look in on you and you Charles R. Crane of Chicago has assisted have plants here the year round. Then very materially and gives large sums of they have no such insect fauna as we money every little while. They will find have here, and in short this is a most sat- that the same thing can be done here. isfactory place in many ways for such This is a point I want to make : if they an undertaking. go ahead with the enthusiasm and courage I am very grateful to many people here. which Mr. Ford shows, it will succeed. When I wanted an automobile there was Mr. Ford is not a scientist, he has no one waiting for me, and it would be easier standing with us fellows at all, and it is to name the people who have not loaned Muir and Krauss and Weinrich and cars. I regret I'm to leave this pleasant others who constitute the group and who place. It is my seventeenth time of land- run the Institute. It is part of the plan ing here and so I am somewhat accus- to have an old duffer come out here to act tomed to some of the customs and to the as president for a year. I am it the first looks of the mountains and I have never year. I did not start the idea. Mr. Ford seen them anything but beautiful, and is responsible for that. Then some other where Nature is so rich and the tools and amiable old duffer will come out next year workmen so few it is just the place for and things ought to hum. Mr. Ford looks forward to the future. He is ten years the Research Institution. It took Wood's ahead and most people cannot keep up Hole twenty years to get to where they with him. If he has his health and if the are now and they are just beginning. We type of men keep together who are to- are just as A. S. Hardy says, "children gether now, the thing will be a success. looking over the edge of our cradle at the It has this over Wood's Hole, there are world."

A part of the almost mile long wall of night blooming cercus on the grounds of the Pan- Pacific Research Institution. THE MID-PACIFIC 109 • t. • The Genesis •- g of the i) • ; Pan-Pacific 4, • • • Union • • Being Some Reminiscences of Alexander Hume Ford °• Director of the Pan-Pacific Union a • (Sixth Installment) • • • I • !nun' I I 1 U Rwit I nut\ tr "Is the world becoming topheavy with executives ? Are they in their lust for power preventing rather than advancing goodwill, amity and cooperation among men ?" asked one of my supporters at a Pan-Pacific lunch, and he continued : "It is not so long ago that I was informed by one high in authority that a number of the wisest men in the community had met, thought out a certain plan for racial con- trol, and that no one should go behind or Y. Soga, cditor of the Nippu Jiji, Honolulu beyond that. These men had the power for the time being to carry through their Union to mitigate the unfortunate and program of suppression, but that pro- often cruel treatment accorded to Ameri- gram brought together in sullen subserv- can citizens of tawny complexion who iency a multitude who in time would by wished to land in Honolulu or at San their votes control the making of the Francisco ; in other words, our citizens greater programs of the future. They of Oriental ancestry, who, according to have organized and have elected their our Constitution, were born free and executives. One of the first acts of one equal with all Americans, yet were sub- of these racial executives was to precipi- jected to insult and imprisonment because tate a public quarrel with an official of the of their slant eyes and yellow skins. Government. Neither executive had the To find some way of getting at a pos- full backing of his people, yet neither sible method of influencing the Federal side could give in without losing face. Government to enforce the same treat- And this brings me to the story of the ment by its immigration agents to all 12-12-12 meetings of the Pan-Pacific Americans who travel on the Pacific, Union in Honolulu, one of the most re- monthly dinners were organized at which markable inter-racial experiments I be- gathered twelve leading Anglo-Saxons, lieve that has ever been tried out in any twelve foremost Japanese, and as many land. Chinese, each pledged to speak his mind These meetings began with the desire on honestly and freely. The editors of the the part of the men of the Pan-Pacific Japanese, Anglo-Saxon, and Chinese pa- 110 THE MID-PACIFIC

C. Yada, a director of the Pan-Pacific Union while acting as Consul General for Japan in Hawaii. He was created the first Minister of Friendship of the Pan-Pacific Union, and went from Hawaii to Siam as Minister of the Japanese Government. THE MID-PACIFIC 111 pers were often present, but in their in- New York City, Yada speaks English dividual capacity. without an accent. He is a polished gentle- At the first of these meetings, the sub- man and a forceful speaker when really in ject of dual citizenship was brought up, earnest. That first night of the 12-12-12 and this precipitated an agitation that did meetings Yada was in earnest. He had not end until Japan voluntarily and will- listened to denunciations of his govern- ingly released the sons of her subjects in ment by men of America who were in America from any allegiance to the Em- earnest and who honestly believed that peror of Japan and urged them to become Japan was damnably wrong in enforcing loyal American citizens,—and Japan dual citizenship on the sons of her sub- meant it. If the Pan-Pacific Union had jects in America. accomplished nothing more than this, its I watched the expression of wonder- reason for existence and action was justi- ment on the faces about the board when fied. Yada arose and in the presence of the In these first meetings one man stood Governor of Hawaii said, in effect, out, as Elbert Hubbard would have put "Gentlemen, Japan has always been op- it, "like Mars at perihelion"—C. Yada, posed to dual citizenship. It was forced Consul General for Japan. Yada, after- on her by America when she was too ward the first Minister of Friendship ap- weak to resist. Germany and many Euro- pointed by the Pan-Pacific Union, received pean countries have been rebuffed by the his commission from the Governor, as United States and dual citizenship forced head of the Pan-Pacific Union, when leav- on the sons of their subjects born in ing Honolulu to become minister for his America. country to Siam, and in Bangkok he "The American law is that a child born served the cause of Pan-Pacific unification in America is an American, also that a in a splendid manner. child born of American parents abroad is At that first meeting of the 12-12-12 an American. Now Japan wished to group, several Anglo-Saxons pledged to claim the sons of her subjects born in speak their innermost thoughts force- America as Japanese subjects, but Amer- fully and honestly, soundly berated the ica said, 'No, they are Americans.' The Japanese Government for its policy of Japanese merely passed practically the dual citizenship. They pointed out, same laws you Americans have on your which was true, that every child of statutes and you condemn us. Neverthe- Japanese parentage born in Hawaii or less, I will do all in my power to persuade America was expected to be loyal to my Government to revise its laws so that two flags. Born on American soil, he any Japanese child of a Japanese subject was by that fact an American citizen, born in America, is born without claim of but the laws of Japan were so framed any kind on the Japanese Government or that the sons of Japanese subjects abroad my Government on him, unless he is were recognized as Japanese subjects and registered at birth by his parents at the subject to military duty, for which Consulate and he himself confirms that they were expected to return to the land registration on reaching the age of seven- of their forefathers. teen. At present, a youth born in Hawaii Some forceful things were said about of Japanese parentage may have his al- the wickedness of Japanese politicians who legiance to Japan renounced if his par- made such laws, and at last Consul Gen- ents will do this before the boy reaches eral Yada arose, and he knew the truth the age of seventeen, but it is a complicated and spoke it. proceeding. You see, it is our boys who For many years Consul General at Ot- are subject to service in the Army that we tawa, Canada, and then transferred to are looking after; let us be honest on both 112 THE MID-PACIFIC sides ; but how many parents are willing sons of Japanese subjects in Japan are to ask Japan to renounce authority over concerned, and it received royal approval, their sons born in Hawaii. Very few ! so that in America today there is no rea- "You have heard tonight stories from son why these tawny skinned Americans our American friends, as well as from should not be treated as 100 per cent young Japanese-Americans, dual citizens, Americans—which they are. who at sixteen have sought to renounce One more word of the sons of the allegiance to Japan. Some not having the Oriental in Hawaii. They are as a rule support of their parents could do nothing. true Americans. Their faces are losing Others have gotten their papers in too the placid expression of the Asiatic, and late ; at times, you have heard, but a day assuming the animated countenance of the or two, and all this is true. All of these American. Their eyes seem less slant and things are creating friction. My Govern- their noses are becoming more prominent. ment wishes amity and goodwill. I am In the second and third generation it is instructed to seek to bring this about. I no longer the easiest thing in the world am even instructed to urge boys born here to at once pick out the boy of Japanese, of Japanese parentage to become good, Chinese, or Korean ancestry. They are loyal Americans. I am urging parents to one and all taking on new characteristics assist in this. I will put before my Gov- —a miracle seems to be in process of ac- ernment the desire of this gathering that complishment before one's very eyes, and Japan make the first step and withdraw it is a miracle worth watching. her claim to sons of her subjects born in One more word about Yada. He be- America, whether or not America makes came one of my best and closest friends a similar step in regard to her foreign and was probably the most popular and born citizens." best beloved Oriental that ever lived in Consul General Yada kept his word. He Hawaii ; yet I recall on the occasion of was a trustee and vice-president of the his arrival, I was about to join a party Pan-Pacific Union and one of its most of a hundred Congressmen on a trip I forceful and loyal workers. The subject had arranged for them to the Orient, of dual citizenship was taken from the Yada attended the feast given the Con- confidential meetings of the 12-12-12 to gressmen and one of our foremost Amer- the open Monday luncheon meetings of icans spoke so strongly against the Japa- the Pan-Pacific Club and a campaign was nese—a plantation strike was on at the started even in the Shinko, or Japanese time—that he had to be reminded of the Good Relations Club of the Pan-Pacific occasion. Yada followed and made a most Union, to have Japan make it possible for conciliatory speech that won everyone. I the sons of her subjects in America to owe returned to find him one of our greatest allegiance to but one flag, that of America. workers for better relations. Much of This propaganda was spread by all Yada's popularity was perhaps due to his classes and races in Hawaii. Yada re- wife and daughters. Mrs. Yada had lived turned to Japan. The Japanese Diet had so long in America that on the one occa- received his communications. Prince To- sion when I saw her don Japanese dress kugawa, president of the Diet, was an she was entirely disconcerted and the Honorary President of the Pan-Pacific Japanese community highly amused. In Union and head of the Pan-Pacific Asso- evening dress Mrs. Yada was a truly ciation in Japan, while several of the mem- beautiful woman and far more like an bers of the Diet had attended conferences American brunette than like a Japanese in Hawaii called by the Pan-Pacific Union. woman. Her two daughters who, I be- The bill was passed by the Diet that did lieve, had never visited Japan up to that away with dual citizenship so far as the time, were typical American girls. I never THE MID-PACIFIC 113 saw them in Japanese costume but once. tell me I am an American and there is no They tried at an entertainment to sell me place for me. I was born here on Amer- some tickets to a raffle, and I did not ican soil, but that does not matter when know them. "Don't you know us, papa ?" I go to San Francisco. You men with they asked, and I did not. I took them fair faces walk down the gangplank, I for American girls in disguise. When I have a heavy hand placed on my shoulder met the Yadas in Bangkok, it was like a and am perhaps sent over to Angel Island family regathering. I wonder if Mrs. for a day or so as a prisoner. Certainly Yada will object to my stating (for I am I am treated like one. If I escape and go getting to be an old man now), that she to Los Angeles, I am liable to be waked threw her arms about my neck in the up in my Pullman sleeper two or three presence of her husband and the Amer- times during the night, and in no gentle ican Minister and wept for joy at seeing manner, to have my papers examined. If someone from her beloved Hawaii. I go up to Canada (a right accorded to The Yadas have retired now, and it is any American citizen) I may be denied my dream that Japan will send them back admission because of the sallowness of to Hawaii as ministers of friendship to my skin and the slant of my eye. I was aid in entertaining visitors from all lands brought up to believe that an American interested in the aims and objects of the passport would be 100 per cent protective Pan-Pacific Union. —it isn't, if you have slant eyes. If I Now to return to our 12-12-12 monthly wish to meet friends at the wharf arriv- dinners to observe what the Chinese were ing on the steamer, I am clubbed back doing. from the gangplank because my face is On my first visit to President Harding yellow. Sometimes I just sit and brood. at the White House, his first question was You ask me if I am an American. I about the meetings of the Pan-Pacific once thought so, but they have tried to Club which he had attended while in Ho- club it out of me so often, and the Chinese nolulu. He wished information on the don't own me, so I just sit in despair questions that were troubling those who sometimes and wonder 'what the hell am attended the 12-12-12 meetings, for we I."' had kept him inf ormed. That speech resulted in a movement At our second monthly dinner gather- among the leading men of all races in ing the Chinese had their innings. I re- Hawaii to reform the methods of treat- call telling the President of an incident ment accorded Americans of Oriental an- of this dinner. We had started with a cestry, and President Harding started the love feast and everyone was trying to say ball rolling from Washington with orders nice things, until I begged someone to get that there must be reform. He listened up and tell the truth. No one wished to be to my story with a face that twitched in disagreeable, but I noticed one bright Chi- sympathy, and promised help that was nese with a scornful look on his face. He generously given. was a professional man of brilliant at- It is an interesting incident to note that tainment. Now, in Hawaii, under annex- the acting Governor of Hawaii, Raymond ation to the United States, our resident C. Brown, who was one of the speakers Chinese received full citizenship, so I at that 12-12-12 meeting of years ago (he called on the doleful guest and asked him had been immigration superintendent for if he was an American. Hawaii), is at this writing in Washington "Well, Mr. Ford, I don't know," was urging before Congress recognition of the reply. "If I go to America, they call Hawaiian birth certificates given to chil- me a 'chink' or a Chinese and want to dren of Oriental parentage born in Ha- kick me out ; when I go to China they waii. Here again a problem sifted at a 114 THE MID-PACIFIC

12-12-12 meeting was brought before the The Japanese, however, were accused weekly gatherings of the Pan-Pacific Club of using their language schools for the and threshed out again and again until all teaching of loyalty to an alien flag to classes were aroused to indignation at the America. The Japanese children attended injustice to our fellow citizens of Oriental the English speaking public schools from ancestry. At these gatherings Acting 8 a. m. to 2 p. m. and their own language Governor Brown and even the Governor, schools from 3 to 5 p. m. Wallace R. Farrington, were earnest The discussions at the 12-12-12 dinners speakers in behalf of fair play and equal often became heated, for each was treatment for all Americans. pledged to express his true feelings and The Chinese who precipitated the dis- did so. It was all among friends and cussion and agitation at the 12-12-12 equals with no chief executive with power meeting years ago, is now the head of a to call anyone to order. American public newly formed Chinese-American Asso- school teachers, and of ten the Governor ciation in Hawaii numbering thousands of and the Superintendent of Public Instruc- members, and is father of the Good Rela- tion were present. They, with others, tions Club of the Pan-Pacific Union. criticized severely the strain on the Japa- Perhaps the most remarkable accom- nese children who attended two schools plishment of the 12-12-12 gatherings was a day and saluted two flags. I admit the peaceful settlement of the much agi- there were those of us who said, "Let the tated question of a law to regulate the children of the Japanese go to their Japanese language schools in Hawaii. I schools, all day long if they wish to, as say Japanese, for the Chinese language our American children go to American school question had settled itself by being schools in Japan." We were severely be- let alone for a generation. rated by some on the ground that we ad- Now, at these meetings of the twelve vocated children who might become prominent men of each of the three lead- American citizens being grounded in dis- ing races in Hawaii, there was never a loyalty to the American flag. All of us chairman. All were equals, each spoke did not see it that way. I, for one, felt as the spirit moved him, and if the spirit that if we wished the sons and daughters moved someone to suggest a topic and to of Orientals in Hawaii to learn our lan- ask each in turn to express his opinion guage as their own, that we provide kin- truthfully, he was at liberty to do so, and dergartens for this purpose. Some of the this was often done. sugar plantations had done so with good The legislature had passed favorably on effect. I came in for my share of acute a most stringent bill approved I believe criticism, but there was one man who by the Chamber of Commerce—a bill that bared his shoulders and stood out, a if it became a law would practically wipe mental giant, for justice to the Oriental out the Japanese language schools at one and his children. It was Lorrin Thurston, fell stroke. Naturally bitter, bitter racial owner of the Honolulu Advertiser, I be- feeling was aroused. At our 12-12-12 lieve, who suggested at one of these meet- meetingthe atmosphere was charged. The ings that if we left it to the Japanese Japanese, some of them bankers and in Hawaii to draft a law for the regula- editors, were sullen and silent, the Chi- tion of their language schools that they nese were nettled, for they still maintained would give something that would be fair one or two large language schools, and to both sides. Consul General Yada and they were needed, for young Chinese re- I both seconded this most heartily, a turning to China without a knowledge of committee of five Japanese was elected. the written language of their ancestors It met, considered and brought in a bill were as aliens in a strange land. for the control and regulation of the Ian- THE MID-PACIFIC 115

guage schools so fair and straightforward he himself had, but Soga set out in his that the objectionable bill before the Ha- paper to explain the attitude of the fair- waiian Legislature was withdrawn, the minded Americans toward the Japanese, bill prepared by the Japanese substituted and they listened. We trusted Soga and and voted on. It became a law and he accepted our trust. At times his paper worked out splendidly. It was along pro- would answer nagging statements about gressive lines, each year making the the Japanese in the American press and restrictions stronger. often would go them one better in bitter- I believe that had the 12-12-12 dinner ness. The Hawaiian Sugar Planters' As- meetings not lapsed for a time that no sociation kept a scrap-book of these para- difficulty would have arisen. But it means graphs and had them translated for the earnest hard work to get these leaders to- edification of the legislators. gether once each month and I had no as- The warfare of the press in Hawaii be- sistant willing to undertake this arduous came bitter, and unfortunately the foolish task, so, during an absence in the Orient quarrels were often cabled by the Asso- the meetings lapsed for a time and one ciated Press to the American mainland of the schools was persuaded by a Japa- and by the Japanese to their country. nese newspaper to take the case up to Hawaii threatened to become a hot-bed of the Supreme Courts for a decision as to discord in the Pacific. Hawaii's right to interfere with the man- A bill was prepared for the Legislature ner of education a parent might select that, as a law, would wipe out the lan- for its offspring. guage press. Again the meetings of the I called on my return on the offending 12-12-12 were resumed and the proposed editor. He was part Japanese, part Eng- language press law came up for discus- lishman, and most subtle in his arguments. sion. Once more it was suggested that "Had you been here with your open forum the Orientals be asked to draw up a bill meetings I would not have done this," he that they thought would be fair to all, stated, and I believed him. Those open they accepted the trust, asked one or two meetings were good for the soul of American press men to confer with them, Orientals and Occidentals alike. presented a substitute bill at a 12-12-12 Now, I do not wish to betray a confi- meeting that was at once indorsed, for- dence, but I am going to tell how I won warded to the Legislature, and it took the over one of the most powerful workers in place of the objectionable bill and became the Pan-Pacific movement. a law that is to all intents and purposes Editor Soga owned the "Nippu Jiji," a honestly and fairly observed by all. Honolulu daily newspaper printed in the Sometimes there was still a little nag- Japanese language. Now, Editor Soga ging back and forth, however, and at one was pulled this way and that by the Japa- of our 12-12-12 dinners a dramatic inci- nese factions. If he attended one of our dent occurred. It was years ago and it meetings he was severely reprimanded by will do good rather than harm to tell the some of the Japanese. story now, for at these 12-12-12 meetings I got after Soga, I urged, bullied, and the men who formed the nucleus in Ha- cajoled him into attending our dinners waii of the Institute of Pacific Relations and lunches. Some of the sugar people were receiving their education—Frear, believed I was wasting time and playing Leebrick, Atherton, Ai, Harada, Killam, into the hands of the enemy, but Soga and others. began to meet the leading Americans in We were seated in seeming amity when Hawaii and learned that they desired to a representative of a great organization play fair with the Japanese ; he learned spoke his mind most freely and expressed that they had deep-seated prejudices, as his honest belief that the editors of the 116 THE MID-PACIFIC

Japanese papers in Hawaii should all be remarks about you Americans." And this hung by their necks until they were dead compact has been honestly adhered to. because of the insulting articles they were Once in a while, I will admit, there is a printing in Japanese about America and slight lapse, and it is not always in the Americans. Japanese press. There was silence, and I broke it. "I Soga in time added a page in English quite agree with you," I stated, "the time to his newspaper, and this has grown to has come when we must hang our Japa- two pages. As the sons of Japanese in nese editors." Then I pointed my finger Hawaii grow up, more English pages will at Soga, who sat silent across the table, be added. Soga's son, a boy at college in "We'll begin with you, Soga, tonight. We Hawaii, is being trained to follow in his hang you tonight." father's footsteps. He is one of the lead- I admit the moment was intense. I ers in the Japanese section of the Good looked around the table and pointed an ac- Relations Club, and a good speaker and cusing finger at Frank Atherton, later to writer. It is interesting to note that other be the organizer of the Institute of Pacific Japanese daily papers in Hawaii are be- Relations and a director of the Pan-Pacific ginning to follow Soga's lead and are add- Union. "But hold on," I said, "you hang ing English sections. too, Atherton, you and Soga together. The 12-12-12 meetings brought the Your paper, the Star-Bulletin, has per- real red-blooded men of all races in sistently nagged and nagged the Japanese Hawaii together face to face, and they and has helped to bring this about." quickly settled their differences like "I know it," replied Frank Atherton, "I men, across the table. know it, and I have an editor on the way Again these dinners are being held, but from the Coast who will put a stop to it, now the Filipino is in the numerical I promise you that." ascendancy. In future years perhaps "And you, Thurston," I said, pointing some of the interesting discussions now my accusing finger across the table at the going on may be referred to. At present, owner of the Honolulu Advertiser, "your those who gather around the big mahog- paper has kept up an incessant nagging any table at the Pan-Pacific Research In- of the Japanese here, and you know it." stitution meet as men who wish to lay "I do," replied Thurston, as his fist bare their innermost thoughts to each came down on the table, "and I have pro- other, but important Pan-Pacific events tested in vain. I promise you there will in the coming years will doubtless receive be a change of editors on the Advertiser in their initial shaping again at these 12-12- another twenty-four hours (and there 12 meetings, as they have in the past. was), and this will stop (and it did). There are no executives, as such, at I looked at Soga, he smiled blandly, and these meetings ; they are truly democratic oh, how relieved he looked. gatherings. The man with the "big" idea "Gentlemen," he said, "I promise in to put forth becomes the leader perhaps behalf of the Japanese press in Hawaii for the evening, and all are his comrades that if you cease your nagging that hurts and follow his lead for better understand- us so, we will never again print nagging ing. THE MID-PACIFIC 117

The Palace grounds across the park from the Imperial Hotel, where the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo holds its week13,, luncheon meetings.

1 ,E17 TYIR7TICJITCTIVI 4‘57711IIIIC:711C7i T7170C7/1C711L7111:711C7111:7177117Karruiroz Touncrnurrviinunvii,virolicillpirr October at the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo By MR. MOTOSADA ZUMOTO, :Proprietor of the Herald of Asia (At the Pan-Pacific luncheon oon Friday, October 2, 1925) LunfrainirninniffiniaTiniinnnininurMica

The first meeting of the autumn session I traveled in America at a very unf or- of the Pan-Pacific Club was held on Fri- tunate season when most of the important day, October 2, 1925. Owing to official people were away from their business and duties, which prevented the Chairman, their homes. However, I had the good Viscount Inouye, from being present, the fortune of meeting a large number of President, Prince Tokugawa, acted as very distinguished people, first in Hono- Chairman. lulu in attending the sessions of the In- "While I was in Honolulu a very inter- stitute of Pacific Relations, and later as esting story was told me of what had an invited guest of the Institute of Politics happened at a luncheon meeting of the at Williamstown, and in that way I have local Pan-Pacific Club. One of the speak- been able to gain somewhat wide and per- ers had a rather weak voice and someone tinent impressions about how Americans at the back of the room called "Louder, think and feel on various questions. Today louder." Then somebody in the neighbor- I am limited to half an hour and if pos- hood shouted back, "Shut up, you are not sible you would like me to make it shorter missing anything." That story is a solu- and so I shall confine myself to a few of tion for my case as I sometimes find it the more important points of my observa- very difficult to make myself heard, and tions. this may be one of those occasions. What struck me most forcibly in all my 118 THE MID-PACIFIC visits to the various cities in America was Anywhere, everywhere I went the senti- the atmosphere of great cordiality and ments were most cordial, and nowhere friendliness to all the Japanese visitors. more cordial than in California, where I This was my ninth visit to the United spent several long days, both on my way States ; the most auspicious visit I ever out and back. I was pretty frank in my had to that country was at the time of the statements, but all my remarks were re- Washington Conference, when all the ceived in good part and all people, not people united in making it pleasant for all only those of pronounced friendliness the visitors, especially for the Japanese. towards Japan and our people, but even This time I was surprised to observe the those who were very prominent in the almost universal friendliness in all parts activities against our people during the of the country, not only to myself indi- last ten years, even they expressed them- vidually, but to me as a Japanese and to selves in a very friendly way, and they all the Japanese people. My American acted in a very friendly manner, and I friends here today may rebuke me if I say had no reason to doubt their sincerity. that was a surprise to me, because hon- You most probably have heard of what estly, I did not expect it. took place at Honolulu from some of my The truth came to me very soon. The colleagues who returned before me, but reason is that the American people for some of the details will bear repeating. some reason do not quite understand why There was only one labor delegate there, last year's legislative incident hurt our Mr. Paul Scharrenberg, one of the most feelings. powerful labor leaders in the United Those who cared to study the matter States. One day at the general confer- knew these facts : first, that Japan had ence he came out with a very significant been denying herself, for more than ten statement. What he told us was this : that years, through what is called the Gen- so far as he and his friends of the Fed- tlemen's Agreement, from sending a cer- eration of Labor in California were con- tain class of our people to the United cerned, they would be ready in the future States, and that what the Immigration Act to assist in removing the various discrim- of last year did was to make it inevit- inatory legislative acts against the Japa- able ; that was all. nese people living in California. However, This being the case they naturally this was conditional upon the following find it hard to understand why we two things : should object to that. We must remem- 1. That there should be perfect assur- ber that the Americans are a young ance there would be no more labor immi- people, and like all young people, they do gration from Japan. not attach much importance to matters of form and manners, and when I attempted 2. That no more attempts be made to my explanation of why that incident hurt tear down the wall of restriction or exclu- us they always said, "Is that so, that never sion which had been put up at such tre- occurred to me at all," and even they did mendous effort against the incoming of not think it of great seriousness, even to a certain classes of foreign immigration. proud nation, and therefore, having no If, as he said, the church people do not consciousness of having given any serious try to urge the alteration of the present offense to us they naturally are very immigration law, and if the people of friendly and the thing is of little impor- California were quite sure there would be tance to them. no more attempts of that kind against This may be only one of the reasons existing laws, then the labor leaders in but it is the one which occurred to me. California would work to remove discrim- THE MID -PACIFIC 119

inatory legislation against the Japanese Mr. Scharrenberg, because he is a more people. diplomatic man, and did not like to corn-. I at once sprang to my feet and told mit himself in any way, the result of him that statement was extremely satis- my talks with him at the luncheons given factory, although we did not like to forego by him at his home twice convinced me our right to say we did not like the pres- that although his views had not been ent discriminatory clause in the Immi- changed, his point of view had been. At gration Act, but so far as his statement a meeting at Los Angeles, where various went that was extremely encouraging and sections of the community were repre- satisfactory, only I wanted to know how sented, the local commander of the Amer- far in the future he and his friends would ican Legion came out squarely. He spoke be willing to assist in improving the status from the shoulder, but in conclusion he of the Japanese people in California. I said that he would now make efforts to thought he would prevaricate or make organize the American Japanese who had some vague statement about some vague served in the war into a Japanese chapter period in the distant future, but on the of the Legion, a step which he had never contrary he came out very square on that taken before, and in a general way his point and said that as a matter of fact he attitude was encouraging. was already willing to take that attitude. From these and other unmistakable For instance, at the last year's session of signs I left California nearly convinced the State Legislature in California, he that the tide is turning there, the tide of stated the labor party killed a very per- policy and sentiment is turning there in nicious proposal to impose very heavy and favor of a better and a fairer treatment discriminatory fees on Japanese fisher- of the Japanese people living in the men in Southern California. Now that Golden State. statement was made before the general Now that is a very wide and encourag- conference of the Institute when nearly ing view of the situation, but of course two hundred people were present, and that there is another side to the situation also. was a great and very agreeable surprise to It is not altogether free from discour- all of us, Japanese and Americans alike. aging signs and one of these I am going I saw him again in San Francisco on the to touch briefly upon, and this is the ex- eve of my departure for home, and there traordinary amount of propaganda that is he reiterated the same statement and said being carried on by the press, by word to me that he had spoken at several places of mouth, in all parts of the cou.rtry on his return from Honolulu and every- against Japan. The purpose of the prop- where he repeated the same statement. I aganda is to convince the American peo- sounded him as to his real sentiments by ple that Japan is preparing definitely for saying that at Washington I had met his war with the United States. friends of the Federation of Labor, but In New York at one of my conferences had refrained from telling them his re- with the local people, most of whom I marks. He said I need not have feared had met for the first time, a well educated to repeat that statement anywhere in the young man said to me, "Now, Mr. Zu- United States. moto, you told us of Japan's friendliness During my trip I had frequent talks towards the American people, Japan's with Mr. V. McClatchey, than whom no- peaceful attitude and so on, but frankly body worked more consistently and harder I won't believe it because in my home I in getting last year's Immigration Act have collected evidence that Japan is pre- passed in the form it now stands. Al- paring for war with America." That though he did not come out so squarely as was news to me so I asked him the nature 120 THE MID-PACIFIC of that evidence and he said he had docu- Minister, Mr. Hughes. There was much ments which proved that Japan had an interchange of views and sentiments be- aerial service second only to France and tween Australia and the United States, far stronger than the United States. He and what struck me very strongly was the went on to say, "Why do you want a great hand which some of the people had in this air service ? Tell me the reason if you pernicious game of hatching trouble be- do not want to fight ?" I told him I wished tween two great friendly nations. The it were true that Japan had a great air former Prime Minister of Great Britain service second only to France. in a syndicated correspondence to all of How that document came into existence, the Hearst papers, informed them of the where it was prepared and distributed, he inevitable war between Japan and the did not tell me, but it is not very difficult United States, and now we have Mr. By- to imagine how much of that sort of talk water, who is not always very particular took place. It is recent history and still nor very scrupulous about his facts, basing fresh in our minds that the very head of his arguments published in a sensational the navy, Mr. Wilbur, told us last year book, on the coming war in the Pacific. that two hostile civilizations are confront- There are very sinister signs of a subtle ing each other across the Pacific and the propaganda carried on between a certain best thing to cool a hot temper is a piece section of the American community and of cold steel and the extension of that by friends from across the Atlantic, with sentiment found expression in the naval the object of poisoning the minds of the maneuvers in Hawaiian waters. American people against Japan. Fortu- From what I observed in my conversa- nately a large section of intelligent people tions with people from Australia—univer- in the United States, after long years of sity professors, lawyers, business men and pernicious propaganda of a similar nature others of great importance in that coun- are not deceived—the facts cited by these try, every one of them felt that there propagandists are too absurd to deceive might ultimately be war between the intelligent people, but the man in the United States and Japan and they were street, you cannot be sure of his attitude very fearful that their country in that and a great deal of mischief is being done case would be involved in war. They against the course of friendly peace be- were, I believe, many of them innocent tween our two countries. victims of propaganda. You will re- This is the only feature of the situation member that shortly before the passing of which caused me real concern. For the the Immigration Act in the United States rest, as I have told you, I came home very last year, there was very mysteriously much encouraged in the interests of future traveling the length and breadth of the mutual understanding and friendship be- country, no less a person than the Prime tween the United States and Japan. THE MID-PACIFIC 121

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P How the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo Began By MR. IYEMASA TOKUGA\\A, Consul-General to Sydney g' 1 (At the Pan-Pacific luncheon on October 9th, 1925) g L------...m.„„„--- m,u„,fm,.1-,nin,ni-,,.yunn,utiw„nira-,=,„mrniun g

"When I was twenty-five years old, in replying that a dead man should not be one of the rooms of the pre-earthquake expected to speak. Unfortunately in my building of the Foreign Office here in own case no report of my death has Tokyo, I found myself standing in front reached my ears. of two high officials of that ministry sit- However, I think I can safely say this ting at their ease. I was asked questions --I am not speaking of politics, it is clearly in English and I had to answer them as apart from politics—the relations between correctly as possible in English. That all the nations bordering on the Pacific are ordeal was one of those included in the daily assuming a more and more impor- examination for the diplomatic service. I tant position, not only in economic and can assure you I had not a very comfort- commercial transactions, but also in every able feeling and today at this luncheon branch of human activity and progress. party of the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo to Each nation must clearly know the condi- which I have come certainly with very tions of another ; each nation must fully great pleasure, but at which I any just understand the real requirements of an- called upon to say something in English other. The relations between Japan and in the presence of at least one of the most that part of the world to which I am distinguished members of the diplomatic going are not simple ; on the contrary, service, you will understand that it recalls they are forming one of the most impor- to me that ordeal of sixteen years ago, tant of world problems—I am sure of and I experience my old sinking feeling that. From that point of view the sig- as though I were going through the ex- nificance of the Pan-Pacific Union as it amination again. seems to me, is enormous and the respon- As the chairman has just told you, I am sibility of the Pan-Pacific Association of going shortly to Sydney to represent Japa- each country and that of the Pan-Pacific nese interests in Australia, in New Zea- clubs, like this one, is also enormous, and land and the other adjacent islands. I am I am quite sure that this club, under the going there but I have never been there. You will remember that Mr. Bertram ab!e direction of the board, and the mem- Russell lived for some time in China bers of the club in general, will be suc- where he lectured in Peking and when he cessful in attaining the object of its visited Japan he was asked by the press existence. representatives before landing at Kobe, On my return from Sydney in the fu- what his impression of Japan was. In ture I hope I may be able to say some- his place I would perhaps have said that thing more concrete and less uninteresting I had nothing to say without actually see- about that part of the globe. In the mean- ing the country, but Mr. Bertram Russell, time I shall endeavor to keep in touch knowing that his own death had been re- with the local branch of the Pan-Pacific ported in some Japanese papers some time Union or the local club, like this one, and previously, dumbfounded the visitors by I can assure you that I shall be very 122 THE MID -PACIFIC happy if in this or some other way I can should meet first. On my return home be of some service to you at the other end. I wrote him a letter of introduction to my In this connection I may be permitted father, for he is one of the easiest men to say something rather personal. In 1920, for me to write to, and sent it to Mr. if I remember rightly, or maybe it was Ford. He went away with it and after 1921, Mr. Alexander Hume Ford came to some months, if I remember rightly, I Peking with a view to establishing a heard of the inauguration of the Pan-Pa- branch of the Pan-Pacific Union in China. cific Association in Japan. I was trans- At that time I was at the Legation in ferred to London soon after that and Peking and one day he called on me with have had very little chance to come in con- a letter of introduction from some one tact with this question. When I returned and we had quite a long and very pleasant. to Japan this year one of the things I chat, about the Pan-Pacific Union. Within a few days, if not the next day, I was heard about was the regular luncheon invited to a tea party at his hotel, at which party of this club and also the most there were present a number of Chinese agreeable forecast that I might one day gentlemen of intellectual circles, and a be invited to speak and here I am. few of his American friends. Let me take this opportunity to ex- On that occasion Mr. Ford told me that press my sincere wishes for the pros- he wished to go to Japan for a similar perity of the Pan-Pacific Club of purpose and asked whom I thought he Tokyo."

Address by DEAN RUSSELL, of Wisconsin University, October 2. "We hear a great deal in the United the two nations to get together and know States about the cordiality of the Japa- each other. nese towards all the peoples of the world, I went out to Waseda the other day to but I was hardly prepared, Mr. Chairman, see my first baseball game between an after being here only a few days in your American and a Japanese team. The Uni- country, to receive the kind invitation to versity of Chicago is the hereditary enemy attend this meeting and say a few words of the University of Wisconsin and there- in regard to the expression of opinion fore you can imagine the side I took—all which our people hold towards your my cheering was for Meiji. My only people. regret was that with three bases full the The previous speaker has very ably Meiji runners did not get in before the touched on these points. The more we batter was put out. can mix together the better for both of Gentlemen, I thank you for this cor- us. For this reason I embraced the op- dial invitation on my part and I can only portunity to make my first trip to Japan say I hope my stay in your country con- so that I might have the privilege of see- tinues to be as pleasant and profitable as ing your wonderful country for myself it has been already. I am reminded of a and enjoying the cordiality and generos- statement made by the wife of a friend ity which you are so ready to give. No of mine when she was bidding him good- matter whether the point of contact is in bye on his way to address a meeting. She the field of education which I represent, said : 'Andy, stand up so they can see or business or sport, it is equally helpful you, speak up so they can hear you, and to the peoples of both countries, it helps shut up so they will like you.' " THE MID-PACIFIC 123 Address by His Excellency, BARON KEISHIRO MATSUI, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Great Britian (At the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, October 9, 1925)

This is the first time I have attended a countries since the war are enormous, and Pan-Pacific luncheon. I have heard of we are all anxious to keep on good terms them for a long time but I have never between our nations. Fortunately we have had time to attend. no very difficult problems between Japan I can only give you my impressions and Great Britain, but Great Britain is a about my new mission to Great Britain. center of European diplomacy, having You all know that one of the duties of a great interests in all parts of the world, diplomat is to cultivate mutual under- and naturally I have to talk with the standing between nations, and this mission British government on all sorts of ques- depends very much on the support of the tion interesting both Japan and Great country from which he is sent and the Britain. I think that in all these dealings cooperation of the country to which he frank talk and mutual accommodation will is accredited. There are naturally occa- bring about happy results. I am persuaded sions when it is very difficult to carry out from my own experience in different lands this delicate mission, but after all, when that all countries feel alike, not only the diplomats have the support of their own two countries mentioned, but all others government and country and the sym- will cooperate for the maintenance of mu- pathy and cooperation of the governments tual friendship and peaceful relations. of the countries to which they are ac- You all know that you are meeting here credited, it makes it possible to carry out in order to further good relations and I the mission after all. think it is not necessary for me to re- peat the same thing to you—not only I have lived in different lands—my first the diplomats have a mission to per- post was in Korea. I spent some time in form, but all the people who are mixed China, just at the time the war was rag- together have also a mission to co- ing between Japan and Russia. I spent operate for the maintenance of good six years, at two different times of my relations. In olden times diplomacy life, in the United States. I lived in was carried on only between governments England for four years just at the time but nowadays it is the mutual understand- when the alliance between Japan and ing of peoples. All of you who are as- Great Britain was made, in 1902, I think. sembled in this room, who come from I lived also in France at the time of the different corners of the world, are inter- last Great War and I remained there until ested in the same mission as I am offi- after the conference. cially, and if all of you will help me in From all these experiences I have had fulfilling my mission I think my btirden in different lands, I am persuaded to be- will be very much lightened. lieve that all governments are sincerely I wish good health and happiness for anxious to help one another to promote you all in this land of Japan, I trust the good understanding. relations between all the countries will We are still fresh from the horrors of always be most pleasant and that you the recent Great War, everybody is tired will assist me in carrying out my mission of war, everybody wants peace. The great to a land which has great interests in the difficulties which have confronted all the Pacific Ocean. 124 THE MID-PACIFIC

t-",,, D-----,C7r,IT711IIIPUTIC7/1,C7i1C7117711C71117111U111:711T711C7117 pUIPUTIVIIMPUTICYNCYTT7r1C7,1,11:711C7IP■707177■ IC.711C7117:711,711:71, 1 The Medical Conference in Japan i By MAJOR A. PARKER HITCHERS, of the Medical Corps of the United States Army, Philippine Islands (At the Pan-Pacific Club luncheon on Friday, October 16, 1925) t .11i- ii'inifc i i iai i n i nihauniniummumnninnoaTanizir\innwr------wiffpfw1,,. Viscount Inouye spoke as follows : gallant fight against diseases for the com- On behalf of the Pan-Pacific Club of mon cause of humanity. As lovers of Tokyo, it is my very pleasant duty to ex- peace who are interested in the promotion tend to you our most cordial welcome. of international justice and good under- We are happy to welcome you here this standing. Once more I wish to express afternoon, so many distinguished guests to you our appreciation of your splendid who have come to our country f rom dis- services. I sincerely hope that your con- tant lands to attend the Sixth Far Eastern ference will be a success and I trust that Medical Conference on Tropical Dis- you will carry home with you pleasant eases. You have contributed a large share memories of your visit here. to the advancement of medical science, and consequently to the promotion of the Major Hitchens' address follows : happiness of mankind, and we appreciate The feature of this Congress which ex- deeply your services for the cause of humanity. cited me more than anything else was the practical certainty that I should here The aim of our club is to promote un- be able to see some of those outstanding derstanding, friendship and peace among Japanese scientists whose names are so the nations bordering on the Pacific inseparably connected with the funda- Ocean, and we have been fortunate in mental advances in research medicine. welcoming to our club many distinguished Whoever thinks of the beginning of im- statesmen, diplomats and leaders from munology without thinking of Kitasato ? various countries. Today, we are ex- Who can discuss intestinal infections tremely happy to greet here many emi- without mentioning Shiga ? How impos- nent men of the medical profession whose sible it is to do anything in chemotherapy distinguished services for the cause of without constantly referring to Hata ? peace and humanity are as equally illus- These are men whose names are so fa- trious as those of statesmen and diplo- miliar to me because bacteriology is my mats. From ancient to modern times the own field. If we wander over into pro- medical profession has been the profes- togology and into helminthology the sion of mercy, and the members thereof pages are simply peppered with Japanese have saved humanity from ignorance and disease. names. To see and possibly to meet some of these men, I repeat, gave me the most Today, while the leaders of different pleasurable anticipations of all the things nations are working for peace and fight- I looked forward to in contemplating this ing against suspicion, race hatred and na- visit to Japan. tional prejudice in order to save mankind from wars of barbarism and destruction, What has been the actual result ? you gentlemen of the medical profession We have been able to see all these men of the world are joining your efforts to who are still making medical history, but save human life and are carrying on your not only that we have had the pleasure THE MID -PACIFIC 125 and the privilege of meeting them and of tion did we not call to your attention what talking with them. this Japanese unit of the Pacific countries As to the other purposes of these meet- has done to promote friendship among all ings the results have almost equally ex- the Pacific countries. It has done more ceeded our anticipations. Scientifically, than that. It has brought closer together the program of technical papers has been the active workers in disease prevention abundantly filled with reports and dis- and eradication from the entire Far East. cussions sufficient to satisfy the most in- At this Congress are being discussed those tense individual among us. matters of health which are vital to the And we have talked and talked. We uninterrupted social and commercial rela- know one another better and we are now tions between all the peoples represented in a position to understand many things in the Pan-Pacific Union. As those epi- not clear before. demic diseases such as cholera and bu- Briefly, all these things which we looked bonic plague are eliminated as menaces to forward to in preparing for this Congress our ports and as such debilitating influ- have come to pass and in such a degree ences as are the results of such diseases as to exceed our keenest anticipations. as malaria and beri beri and tuberculosis But all these anticipated things have as are eliminated from among our people, a matter of actual fact been merely minor just so can our countries progress. And incidents of this meeting. In fixing up economic development can go up only as our anticipations we did not reckon on these diseases go down. the Japanese—we did not know Japan. It is to work for the suppression of Now we know all about Japan, we have these deterring influences that this Con- been here a week. gress was assembled here. Its scientific We knew that a few years ago the and its social success have been so great closely locked doors of Japan were opened and such success has resulted so largely to the world. If we did not know it be- from the extraordinarily efficient work of fore we have learned this week, and we your local committee, that I take it to be know now that the hearts of our Japa- my duty to tell you that your club owes nese friends have equally unlocked to us a great debt to Baron Kitasato, the presi- and with the result that we have been the dent ; to Dr. Nagayo, the vice-president, recipients of such hospitality as we think and to Dr. Hata, the honorary local sec- only those who have visited Japan can retary-treasurer of the F. E. A. T. M. ever have experienced before. As I have And to one other—I have been secretary just said the mere contemplation of it of something nearly all my life and I had renders us speechless. Just now we are to realize, sometimes painfully, the burden seeing everything with the high power and it will not be until we are far away of responsibility and actual hard work and can examine this whole wonderful ex- the secretary must carry and go through perience as a unit that we shall realize with. And I know that these other officers to the full what a beautiful thing it is. and every other member of the Congress And now our hosts of today, the Pan- will agree that the individual to whom Pacific Club, we appreciate your hospi- especial gratitude and congratulations are tality, we have enjoyed your food but we due is the honorary secretary of the Sixth would not really show you our apprecia- Congress—Dr. Yoneji Miyagawa. 126 THE MID-PACIFIC Address by DR. W. W. NEW President, National Medical Association of China (At the Pan-Pacific Club luncheon on October 16th, 1925) I would like to express in a few words tram lines broken, all houses burned, the relationship between medicine and the roads full of debris, in some cases quite Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo. obliterating the streets, wires down in The Medical Congress is purely a scien- every direction and people walking around tific Congress. Medicine, however, is not with masks to protect them from the dust purely a science. It is not only the find- and smell, when one thinks of the terrible ing out of the location of disease, the ways conditions then with often times the earth of treatment and of prevention, but be- gaping wide where one could look down hind it all, for centuries past, medicine as in a mountain crevice, and thinks of has been working for the good of hu- things as they are today, it is to be filled manity. What is medical science trying with wonder that so much has been ac- to do in every land—something for the complished in two short years. sake of humanity. The sights we see today are quite dif- Now we come to the Pan-Pacific Club ferent. Instead of the narrow streets and of Tokyo, and of the Far East in general. small wooden houses which were the rule What are these clubs trying to do ? They before the earthquake, we see wide roads, are trying to promote peace all over the and beautiful houses and substantial world, but at first they are beginning with buildings, all built within the past two the countries bordering on the Pacific. years. A great work of reconstruction has They L re also working for humanity, for taken place in Tokyo itself and the sur- the good of the people. So our Congress rounding country. If you can imagine to and this Club have a relationship, this link yourself in all the beautiful parks you which binds us together. We delegates have visited people lined up to receive to the Congress feel that we are working their daily rations of food and a dole of for the same end as you are doing here. warm clothing as the weather was getting Mr. President, it was very kind of you chilly, imagine today how happy these to make a remark on the work that I did same people must be to be able to supply following the great earthquake. I came their own needs and live in a house of over with the Chinese Red Cross, to do their own. It is wonderful how the Japa- what we could do to help the sufferers, but nese government and people have organ- I blush for the little work we did, but ized the reconstruction work and also in although the work was small it expressed the providing for those who lost every- our feeling of neighborliness. As Japan's thing during the earthquake. nearest neighbor, we felt we must come, must rush across as soon as the disaster I am talking away from my speech, but happened, to have a little share in reliev- to return to the subject of the Congress. ing the suffering of the people. Everyone of us delegates to this Congress I want to say a word or two to thosO has been admiring the way in which the of us who were not in Japan at the members of the committee have arranged time of the earthquake or shortly after- this wonderful organization to make the wards, that is to those who are now Congress a success, and how the Imperial visiting the country for the first time Government has helped. No one of us since the catastrophe. What a vast can leave Tokyo and Japan without tak- difference there is. We look with ad- ing home with him a most pleasant miration and amazement on what Tokyo memory of what we have seen and re- has accomplished. When one has seen ceived because of the kindness of the Tokyo and Yokohama all devastated, all Japanese people. THE MID-PACIFIC 127

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Impressions

1 of the * P I Canadian

Rockies 1 By A. MAKI (At the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, October 23, 1925) LindafatcliiiinannuntEuThnMffoni, The guests of honor at the Pan-Pacific luncheon on this occasion were Mr. A. Maki, who recently led a party to the One impression of the Canadian Mountains Canadian Rockies, where they accom- snow and severe weather and the party plished some remarkable climbing feats, was stormbound for forty hours and un- and the members of Mr. Maki's party— fortunately one member of the party had Messrs. Y. Mita, T. Nayakawa, N. Okabe, his feet so severely frozen that he re- M. Hatano and S. Hashimoto. quired months of treatment after his re- In welcoming the party Viscount In- turn to Tokyo. ouye, the chairman of the luncheon, made Viscount Inouye further remarked that a few remarks as to Mr. Maki's climbing it seemed to him quite remarkable that a record. man of Mr. Maki's small stature should Among other things he mentioned was have succeeded in climbing peaks where a mountain in the European Alps, 3975 men of larger build had failed. Viscount metres in height, which mountaineers for Inouye also wished the members to espe- the past sixty years had been trying to cially thank Mr. Maki for speaking in scale without success, but Mr. Maki English as it was only after persistent made the attempt and successfully ac- coaxing that he consented. complished this difficult feat. In the auditorium, prior to the showing The highest of the mountains climbed of the film, Mr. Maki spoke as follows : by Mr. Maki and his party in the Cana- Your Excellencies and members of the dian Rockies was 11,874 feet. This is Pan-Pacific Club : by no means the highest peak in the I consider it `a. great honor to tell you Rockies, but it has always been consid- about our climb in the Canadian Rockies. ered a very difficult undertaking and no- I am not a good speaker, even in my body before has succeeded in making the mother tongue, and I am afraid that in climb. English I will not be able to make my Mr. Maki's experiences have not al- explanations clear, but I will do my best. ways been pleasant ones. In the winter The Canadian Rockies are beautiful be- of 1923 he tried Mt. Tateyama in the yond description—green pastures, snow- Japanese Alps, but the party encountered covered peaks, wild flowers in great pro- 128 THE MID-PACIFIC

fusion, both summer and winter, and with As you all appreciate on landing in a it all a great feeling of peace and har- foreign country the first difficulty met mony. Amid such inspiring surroundings with is the language, and this with us was we forgot our sorrows and everyday no exception, and because of this and our vexations in the inspiring grandeur of strangeness the kindness and thoughtful- nature. My experiences in the Canadian ness of the officials was all the more ap- Rockies have left memories that will re- preciated. We left Vancouver and after fresh me all my life. about 36 hours reached the Canadian I have often gone skiing and mountain Rockies. These mountains are not so climbing with His Highness Prince popular nor well known as the Alps of Chichibu, and last winter on one of these Switzerland, but they are getting better expeditions one of our friends, Marquis known and more accessible every year. Hasekawa, showed me a little book writ- There are a number of gentlemen, par- ten by Mr. Palmer, who is vice-president ticularly members of the Alpine Club, who of the Alpine Club of America, and in are pioneers of the Rockies and they are the front of that book was a picture of doing their hit in making them known Mt. Alberta, with this caption underneath, to lovers of mountain climbing. "The formidable, unclimbed peak of Mt. It is quite a trip on horseback to even Alberta," and it immediately inspired in reach the foot of our objective—Mt. Al- me a great interest and I felt a keen de- berta, from Jasper National Park. At sire to try my luck at climbing that "un- Jasper Lodge, which is the largest hotel climbed peak." I was afraid though it in the park, we hired three Swiss guides might prove too difficult for me, and my who had come from Switzerland for the partners had not had any experience in summer season, two cooks and three Ca- climbing glaciers and also no experience nadian guides. These, with our party of in the life of foreign countries, but in spite six, made a total party of fourteen. We of these seeming difficulties the party was had forty horses for packing and riding. organized and we made our preparations The total number of horses we used dur- to leave Japan on our great adventure. ing the summer was 110. From Jasper We left Yokohama on the 19th of June. National Park we went southward on We were afraid we were a little rate for horseback for one week, the trail always reaching the Rockies and we prepared running along Athabasca River, which everything for camping and climbing be- comes from the snow peaks and empties fore setting sail from our home port—we into Hudson's Bay. During this trip we even took a quantity of Japanese food. I were able to find sufficient grass for our have not time to go into details as to our horses. We met a number of wild ani- outfits but several kinds of climbing shoes mals—bear, deer, caribou and mountain were one of the most important items. goats. They were all very gentle. We arrived at Seattle on the 1st of July We were told that Jasper National Park and went at once to Vancouver and there covers an area of 4400 square miles and is we were met and treated very kindly in- the largest park in the world. deed by the Board of Trade and the mem- My impressions of the Canadian bers of the Alpine Club. Also we had Rockies cannot be counted as anything letters from Mr. Palmer which helped us more than impressions, for I spent a very very much in getting our outfits and sup- short season there and have only visited plies through the customs and other for- them once. My view of the country we malities. traversed on our horseback trip is limited The Canadian National Railway offi- to the northern side of the Athabasca cials were most kind and courteous to us. River. The atmosphere is very clear and THE MID -PACIFIC 129

dry and this is deceptive, too. For in- scenery, but Athabasca River in the set- stance, in the Scottish mountains and even ting sun was very beautiful and dream- in our own Japanese Alps, there is mois- like. ture in the air which changes the outlook. On leaving the top we came down the We got within sight of Mt. Alberta at ridge to the south, and on the ridge we last and then to the foot, where we made spent one night, fortunately without either a camp, including a dark room for de- wind or snow—it was a very clear, calm veloping photographs. night, but the temperature was four de- As you know, any long journey takes grees below zero. a lot of energy and we knew that we The next day, the 22nd of July, we would need tremendous energy for the came down the cliff very carefully, using task ahead of us, so we were very careful every kind of tool. It took us fourteen to have enough sleep and sufficient food hours to get to the foot of the mountain. during our trip. It was the 11th of July After finishing this climb we went up when we left Jasper and the 16th of July another peak, also with the reputation of when we reached the foot of Mt. Alberta. being a most difficult one. It was not so Almost immediately we made a survey difficult as Mt. Alberta and we had a of the mountain and found that the west splendid, unobstructed view of hundreds and north sides are over 4,000 feet and of other peaks—a glorious harmony of the eastern side rounded with big cliffs, mountains and scenery. I have never ex- but we found one place which looked perienced such a feeling of solitude and favorable for our attempt to climb to the such vastness. top. The timber line extended about 6,500 feet and above the timber line was a After returning from this climb we rocky strata which was very beautiful. I tried Mt. Stutfield. We were quite anxi- have no knowledge of geology but I think ous about this but the climbing was not this cliff was a kind of limestone, most so bad. However, we only climbed nine- unfavorable for climbing. tenths of this peak because it was time We left our base camp on the 20th of to start hack for Jasper, which place we were to leave on the 5th of August. July, spent one night on a plateau about 1,700 feet up. In the early morning of When we arrived at Jasper we received the 21st we proceeded on our way. The a very warm welcome there from the Ca- weather was splendid, we were fortunate nadians and the American tourists. to have it so clear and comparatively mild. This summer, while we were in the We left at 3 :30 in the morning and began mountains, there was a Canadian party our climb up the face of the mountain. which also succeeded in scaling some Very soon we began to use our ropes and hitherto unacces;ible peaks. The English as the rocks were very loose we had to are always pioneers of sport and it was be very careful not to harm ourselves or for this reason we were so anxious to try each other by falling stones. The whole the Canadian Rockies. way was quite hard going. We reached In our party we had three nationalities, the top of the mountain at 7 :30 in the Swiss, Canadians and Japanese, and we evening. The top was entirely snow cov- all got along splendidly. In the evenings ered. We left among the rocks at the top we had sort of international concerts. our axes and ice picks. I will now show you some motion pic- The view from the top of the mountain tures. We were amateurs and I am sorry was lir': so good, for in British Columbia to say I have not had time to go over there were serious forest fires which made them, but they will give you an idea of the atmosphere smoky and dimmed the our trip. 130 THE MID-PACIFIC

,,i,,,,,, couurivalunialwimrcnruntYmcmanuir7nvouirorn71 • • • The Portuguese in the Pacific By HIS EXCELLENCY H. JOSE DA COSTA CARNEIRO, Minister of Portugal (At the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo on Friday, October 30th, 1925) r.itiniffunininuMnunuiannoni -6-

I never regretted so much as upon this ers which already crown it. But all those occasion my imperfect knowledge of the who, going beyond external appearances English language which all here speak and and current facts, never neglect the lessons understand as they do their own mother of history ; all those who ponder upon the tongue. Unfortunately I am forced to ex- past, in order the better to understand the press in French my most sincere and hon- future ; all those whom study and experi- est thanks for the honor which you have ence have led to understand how many accorded me in asking me to sit with you gradual and partial efforts must be super- as an old friend and an old collaborator at imposed and intertwined in order to arrive this table where every week the interests at any positive result—all those will con- of Pan-Pacific civilization are amicably template more attentively this edifice and discussed, where each week the increasing will study with greater care the solid intimacy and knowledge which become foundations upon which it rests. established between the honorable mem- No human work is born beautiful, com- bers of the Pan-Pacific Club which nec- plete and perfect. It has even been said essarily lead to a closer and more cordial that genius is but long and patient effort. understanding between the different peo- And in the long, patient and continual ef- ples interested in the problems which oc- fort which numberless generations have cupy you. You perform here regularly had to accomplish in order to arrive at and systematically an active and progres- the present state of Pan-Pacific relations sive work for the future. You produce a large part, a very important part has a work which is essentially Pacific in the been carried out by Portugal, that dis- -double and noble meaning of the word. tant land in the far west of Europe, which I thank you from my heart for having I have the honor to represent in Japan. associated me in your work and for hav- That broad road which today we travel ing done it with that high courtesy and so easily in light and in confidence, was those refinements of hospitality which is then a mysterious and uncertain way, a one of the finest traditions of Japan and dangerous path fraught with every kind one of its most powerful charms. So that of real danger and every kind of fear though but recently arrived I feel myself of the unknown. A handful of men from in no way out of place among you. More- the west, however, on fragile craft, opened over, we are like old friends who meet up this long and dangerous way which again after a long absence and take pleas- led them to the complete knowledge of the ure in telling each other ancient tales of globe and which was destined at last to ancient deeds performed together. permit of giving to the word "humanity" In the Pan-Pacific edifice which you are its perfect and integral significance. The engaged in building, many will only see history of the Portuguese discoverers has the artistically worked facade which em- long been misunderstood and misinter- bellishes it and the bright and gilded tow- preted. Our navigators of the fifteenth THE MID-PACIFIC 131 and sixteenth centuries were taken for oceans. But it had to be overcome to the valiant adventurers, who it is true spurned end that the two routes be linked and that danger, but who braved it in ignorance the different peoples who lived upon their and in blindness. Nothing, however, is borders be united and brought into con- further from the truth. The Portuguese tact. discoveries were the result of patient, me- Just 405 years ago, at that period in thodical and scientific labor. At the very history of which I ventured to recount beginning in the fifteenth century Prince these old stories which age has clothed in Henry of Portugal established in the a venerable and almost fabulous garb, it southern part of the country, upon rocks was yet again the Portuguese who was which overlooked the immense and mys- on his way to accomplish the voyage which terious expanse of the sea, a school where was to link the two oceans. The 21st of the most renowned savants of the epoch October, 1520, he sailed into a strait which instructed the ardent and curious youth bordered the southern extremity of the of Portugal in mathematics, cosmography new world. The passage, replete with and the nautical sciences. Thus were trials and dangers, lasted more than a trained in the seclusion of study and in month. But on the 26th of November the ever present attraction of that mys- at last, the hardy prow of his caravel cut terious sea, those generations who were the waves of the Pacific. And he leaves soon to launch themselves into the dis- behind him henceforth open to every in- covery of the world, who were destined itiative and to every need of progress the to open up to the activity of man new Straits of Magellan, where winged glory channels, to explore new continents and has perpetuated his legendary name and to convoke to common partnership in the the ineffaceable memory of his exploit. work of progress the new energies of new But all this was not accomplished in joy races and of new peoples. and in happiness. All this was to cost At the end of the fifteenth century, this enterprising people of the far west of after partial and successive discoveries Europe, many a pain, many a tear and lasting over eighty years, Vasco da Gama much generous bloodshed spent in discovered the sea route to the Indies. It profusion. To this day we still read in is like a stroke of drama which in a second Portugal with solemn emotion, a popular transforms the entire world. The whole narrative of the age of discovery where vast Orient which had been until then for all the tragedies of those long and adven- western society but a vague and mysteri- turous voyages, the storms, the ship- ous mass of peoples and confused legends wrecks, the combats and the martyrdoms becomes tangible and real. Voyages suc- are told in a simple but striking style. This ceed each other and the graceful Portu- book bears a title which is indeed sug- guese caravels, their broad sails swollen gestive of all the pain suffered, of all the by a breeze of ardent ideals soon furrow hardships endured, of all the dangers un- on all sides the immense expanse of the dergone. It is called "Tragic History of Pacific Ocean. the Sea." But this was not all. There was yet So that I can well say, gentlemen, that more to be done. Part of this ocean still Portugal, who has a distinct interest in remained unexplored and filled with mys- the Pacific, is even more strongly bound tery. America, which had just been dis- thereto by the bonds of tradition, of his- covered and upon which popular aston- tory, of sorrow and of glory. ishment had bestowed the singular name I raise my glass to your health, gentle- of "new world," remained there as an men, and to the success of the work of the impassable barrier between the two great Pan-Pacific Club. 132 THE MID-PACIFIC Address by Mr. EDWIN L. NEVILLE, Charge d'Affairs of the United States (At the Pan-Pacific Club, on Friday, October 30th, 1925)

I count this a very happy occasion be- tered in a new and savage country, until cause the club has assembled a representa- they finally found themselves on the tive of the oldest of the western nations shores of the Pacific. They looked west- who came to the East, and a representative ward, to the Far East, to the land that my of one of the youngest of those nations colleague has so eloquently described as who established themselves on the Pacific having been discovered 300 years before. Coast, and we meet in Japan, which is They came in ships sailing westward from fitting when we remember it was Japa- an already established base in a brand new nese pilots who first showed the navigators world, to find the old East awaiting them. from the West, the way through the nar- We are now all established as one com- row channels along the Chinese coast. munity upon the shores of the Pacific and His Excellency has commented elo- on the islands, facing each other across quently upon the scientific side and the the waters which separate and at the same great pains that were taken by the Portu- time unite us. Our work and our labor, guese navigators, headed by that eminent our successes and our failures are mutual Prince Henry himself, to insure that the and must be so. What I mean by this voyages should be well planned and car- I will illustrate by some incidents that ried out as successfully as possible. We have come to my attention within the past must pay a word of tribute to the valor few months : A man in New York told me and courage of the men who carried out that within the past few years the necktie the work inaugurated by their illustrious trade has been entirely changed because prince. of the great passion for silk. Upon my My own country, as I said, is perhaps arrival in Japan this time I met a young the youngest of the nations to establish man who was already rather eminent in itself on the Pacific. When our ancient his profession as a scientist and he told navigators put to sea their work was much me he had been enabled to pursue his easier because they had before them the studies because his father had made money records and charts that were left by the in the silk business—the young man had intrepid navigators of the old world, all been enabled to pursue his studies with of which enables us to find life here so benefit to himself and humanity because pleasant and Japan so easy of access. the young men in New York wear silk When my countrymen set out for the neckties, and because the men in Japan Pacific Coast from the Eastern shores they have sufficient courage and energy to pro- had to travel by a harder route—they went duce the silk. by land and had to walk 3,000 miles and The men who have gone before us have it took them 300 years. They walked over made it possible for us to fulfill our mu- mountains, through forests and across tual needs—it is for us to say that they plains, and they met all the perils encoun- have not done these many things in vain. THE MID-PACIFIC 133

77,13,v_u VrafirUnKnwnrun73117P South America as I Know It By DR. HERBERT A. MAN- CHESTER At the Pan-Pacific Club, Honolulu, December 14, 1925

LI7uvicTinzWinic-aninni0

I had some happy years of residence in Rio de Janeiro and it is to me one of the most beautiful places in the world. I think a visit there would con- vince you that when you speak of the beauties of nature, the bay there is one that deserves all that can ever be said A native South American. for it. After I lived in Brazil for a time I also enjoyed the privilege of ex- character of the people who settled there. tensive travel along the west coast and Possibly another reason is the climate into the Andes, and after that for ten and another the purposes of the people years or so I have been a rather earnest who went there to settle South America. and ardent student of the history and I think your interest ought to be turned peoples of South America, and it is a that way and I will tell you why. South happy thing for me to talk about and I America, as you know, was discovered hope to stimulate your interest in South before North America. Cities were es- American history and its peoples and tablished there before any settlements of progress and development. any kind had been made in North Amer- It was an interesting thing for me to ica. Lima is the oldest city on the note that at the Institute of Pacific Rela- American continent. It was founded tions held here last summer in Hono- when Pizarro went into Peru and it has lulu, there were no delegates from South a charter from Charles V. There is a American countries, although there is a university there which was founded 80 Pacific coast line of 5000 miles, as great years before Harvard and there are half as any of the countries in extent of a dozen others older than Harvard. coast line, and yet you had so little The methods of development were such interest in those countries and they had that progress in South America has so slight an interest in what you were been slow. You ought to have an in- doing that it was hardly commented upon terest in South America because of the that they did not have delegates. influence of the United States in shap- The interest of the world in South ing the political fortunes of those re- America has been recent because of the publics. We say that the Declaration of 134 THE MID-PACIFIC

One of the Latin-American buildings at the EA-Position at San Diego, California. More and more the people of the Pacific Coast are adopting the Latin-American style of architecture as suitable to the climate of that state. THE MID-PACIFIC 135

Independence and the Constitution of pendence. At the close of the victorious the United States are two of the most campaign, General San Martine and important political documents ever drawn Bolivar met and were closeted together up. We feel that the struggle for in- for hours in the evening and no one dependence of the United States which ever knew what they talked about, but justified the Declaration of Independence what followed illustrates Bolivar's char- and caused the Constitution to be writ- acteristics. He arose at the great dinner ten was one of the most vital and in- concluding the day of great events, and fluential struggles in the history of the proposed a toast to the "two greatest world. The independence of South generals in South America—myself and America came almost directly from the General San Martine." He was an in- successful struggle of their northern defatigable leader and General San Mar- neighbor. They felt that if the men in tine with his keen insight into men and North America freed themselves from affairs realized that anyone who joined the domination of a foreign crown and with Bolivar was in for some hard sled- became independent, those in South ding ; so he replied to Bolivar's toast and America could do likewise, and the oc- said that he had arranged his affairs casion for their independence came and would retire. He took his daughter when Napoleon put a stranger, his and went to France where he died in brother, on the throne of Spain, and poverty, forgotten. However, he is com- the South American republics had to ing into his own now, and statues are decide if they owed allegiance to Fred- being raised to his memory. One was erick VII or to him or whether they unveiled only recently in Washington might assert their independence. Then with the South American ministers began one of the most heroic struggles there and President Coolidge himself in in the history of peoples for indepen- attendance. dence. If you want the thrills of his- If you want to know the influence of tory read the struggle for independence the independence of our country, read of South America. Read of Bolivar, that it in the constitution of twenty-one of strange, erratic, half-crazy genius who the republics of South America. They was always defeated in battle and yet are modeled after ours. Some are al- never lost a struggle ; and read of an- most like it and others are improve- other man just as opposite as possible, ments, I think. They have great polit- Gen. San Martine, one of the most re- ical genius in the South American re- markable military campaigners in his- publics. tory. One of his campaigns planned I have passed over entirely the expe- three years ahead of time was brought dition of Pizarro into the highlands of about by crossing the Andes in three Peru where he captured Inca. That is different sections and at such high alti- the name of a ruler and not of a people, tudes that even the pack mules developed though most people think it is the name mountain sickness and anyone who has of the tribe, but it is gradually being experienced mountain sickness knows it applied to the tribe also. Inca was the is much worse than the worst possible most absolutely absolute benevolent attack of mal de mer. The indepen- despot of all history. When Pizarro cap- dence of Chile was achieved by that cam- tured him he had the whole government paign and San Martine moved along because Inca was the father and head north and he and Bolivar joined forces of everything. from then on. I think the one hundredth You should know something about anniversary was celebrated last year— South America because of the develop- the anniversary of South American inde- ment going on now. Perhaps it is a 136 THE MID-PACIFIC good thing for the world that it has are rather serious sometimes and again been slow. You are looking with some they are mere riots. I went through anxiety to the outcome on the shores of two revolutions in Rio de Janeiro and it Asia. The development which is coming was nothing but a few mob scenes. The in South America will be different. In reason why there have been so many Asia, the people are there in teeming revolutions is that the people are not multitudes but in South America there good sports. We can take a defeat as are vast regions still explored only by good sports and come back later. Not the Indians and never touched by the so in South America. When they get foot of man. Roy Chapman Andrews beaten they are sulky and descend to says that the Gobi Desert is the largest low tricks now and then. However, they tract of unexplored land in the world. are being changed and it is the Y. M. I do not know that but I do know that C. A. instruction to the boys in foot- in the interior of Brazil there are count- ball and other sports that is changing less reaches of plains rather fertile the morale of the country. This work which have been untouched since crea- has been going on for twenty years and tion, as far as we know. The Indian it has gradually become apparent even tribes roam in absolute ignorance of in political life. They are becoming bet- what we call civilization. There is a ter sports and they are finding that if vast development going on along the things do not come their way one day, coast. The Andes are stored with count- if they use their brain:, and wait they less mineral wealth. The manganese ore can turn them to their advantage. in Brazil is uncounted. The United States Steel Corporation used to run a Here is another difference. Business line and still does, perhaps, of boats is business with us. It means cold down there just for the manganese. Co- blood. If there is anything more heart- lumbia has emeralds and Brazil has dia- less than business I do not want to monds, though the South African mines know it. That is not true in South still produce the bulk of the world's America. There business is friendship. supply. The copper mines of the Andes I love to tell the story of the rich man and the silver are enormous. Also the who went to New York and stepped into tin. There is one mountain that has a haberdashery to buy some collars— been used for silver for nearly 400 years the two for a quarter kind. He offered and does not seem to be exhausted yet. the man twenty cents for them and the Two of the great copper mines are in clerk coldly put the collars back on the Chile where the railway climbs 16,000 shelf and gave the man a stony stare, feet. This was built by Americans and saying, "You can take them or leave a colony now live there in that terrible them." The man took them, but he said altitude. The United States in its re- to me afterwards that he was merely cent developments of those mining prop- trying to put some human interest into erties and of such oil as it could con- the transaction which was really a very trol, has invested the enormous sum lifeless affair. He was rich enough to of three thousand million dollars. buy the whole store, too. In South If you will read the articles of Isaac America if your friend sells something Marcosson in the Saturday Evening at a dollar more than your enemy you Post awhile back you will learn some- do not buy of your enemy—you pay thing of the business adventures and the extra dollar. In court, if the judge developments that go along the last few is your friend, you do not have to bribe, years in those countries. You hear of but in case he is not, it may cost you the revolutions of South America. They some money to get justice. Unless you THE MID-PACIFIC 137 learn the spirit that animates them you anyone anywhere. I rather like to say will not understand many things. this to the young people of the United They are a cultured people when they States that for grace of manner and are cultured and yet there are none so ease of bearing they have no standing low in the scale of what we call civiliza- at all in comparison with the South American young people of equal age. tion as the Indians who have been under There are many good books I could the exploitation of the Spanish. In tell you of which would give you a fair the better classes you will find a grace idea of conditions down there, and your of manner and an ease of bearing and time would be well spent and your in- cultivation and knowledge of the world terest sustained. Read the articles of and things at large that you like to talk Marcosson, Carpenter's Trave1:3 and about which will stand comparison with Sweet's History of South America.

The ruins of an Inca palace in Peru. 138 THE MID-PACIFIC

In Hawaii the native fisherman still uses the net. He used to inane these from natiz,e fibre. Today the deep sea fishing is carried on in Hawaiian waters by the Japanese, the most venturesome and daring of all fishermen. THE MID-PACIFIC 139

The method of fishing most in vogue among the Solomon Islanders. ruorurpurrronvimulunurronuomoviii2..ivirainv:/Iff.a..mgaivinnurluifroirurpowfiprirrurnumr, Fish of the Pacific By ALLAN R. McCULLOCH (This was the last address of the late Mr. McCulloch, delivered before the Pan-Pacific Club of Honolulu)

Innirnin.rni!nicuicainununiintinuauni

I think we are in the same position as thing has its place when we consider the Alice in Wonderland and the Carpenter Pan-Pacific fishery problems these days. and the Oysters when the Walrus ad- I cannot tell you anything fresh that dressed them, saying, "The time has has not already been told you by people come to talk of many things, of shoes like David Starr Jordan and Barton and ships and sealing wax and cabbages Warren Evermann and others so well and kings." Particularly should we talk qualified, so I will just try to bring your about sealing wax and cabbages because attention to a few things that may not the time has come when we must take have occurred to you as affecting the into consideration everything, and every- fishery problems. As I said everything 140 THE MID-PACIFIC

An ancient Hawaiian fish pond in the lower right of the picture where for centuries fish were fed and reared for use in time of threatened famine. concerns us, even the oil that the boats tions, and they are all important for burn as they come into the harbor. Go- some reason or other, whether they be ing out on the Haleakala the other day, crabs or shellfish or algae. When Cap- as we were passing through the harbor tain Cook was fighting his way by entrance, I noticed that the stones were Queensland he stopped at Endeavor black and sticky with oil. Coming across Beach and his sailors were struck with the Pacific on the Aorangi, and looking the peculiar occurrence, which I have out over the back, I noticed a great seen several times, in that the whole stream of oil coming from behind. How sea seemed to be covered with sawdust, does that affect the fishery problems ? just as if a timber ship had been cut- If you were to run a tow net any- ting up lumber and pushing the sawdust where you liked in the whole Pacific, overboard. They called it the "Sea of from one end to the other, from the Sawdust." It was really a species of extreme Arctic north to the extreme minute algae which looks like a bundle Antarctic south, you would find in very of fagots tied together, and which on a short order that your net was filled with warm day splits up, how rapidly we do myriads of things. As you look down not know, but we will find miles upon on the water from a ship, you think miles of them, and we do not know if how clear it is, but if you could get after this division they die or go on liv- underneath and look up (as some of us ing. That is another thing the Pan- have done) you would realize that the Pacific organization ought to find out. sea is simply alive with plants and ani- They are drifted ashore on the reefs mals of all sizes and shapes and descrip- and at low tide they are exposed and THE MID-PACIFIC 141 the animals on the reef wait for them caught in its mouth. It strains the water and welcome them as food. out and swallows the mouthful. Think I have seen the same thing occur in of the biggest animal in the world feed- the New Hebrides. There you have the ing on the smallest, for the whale is starfish, with six or eight long arms the largest animal this earth has ever stretched out on the water, the body known. hidden in some crevice. The arms have When we were at Bramble Cay the masses of little mouths working all the turtles were coming in, some of them time and they lie in wait for their food. four and a half feet along the back of The algae is an important item in the the shell. I have a suspicion that those future of the fisheries of the Pacific. At turtles were hatched out in the vicinity any coral group, I noted it particularly of Bramble Cay, and they had burrowed at the Phoenix Group, you can pick up their way out of the warm sand and a handful of sand and find most every gone gaily down to the sea. Most of grain is a perfect little pincushion shaped them had been eaten by sharks, but the shell of a foraminifers which bear little few that escaped wandered around in holes or pores. The animal that makes the ocean for goodness knows how long, this shell is nothing but a speck of jelly for we have not the slightest data on and all our microscopic work has re- their ages, and then by some instinct vealed nothing else. We do not know such as the salmon shows when it re- if it has a digestive apparatus or nervous turns to its spawning ground in the system, and so there is a great deal to same stream where it hatched, the be learned about it yet. In its capacity turtles come back to lay their eggs. The of building the most marvelous shells female turtle goes up to lay her quota you can think of, there is nothing to of 150 to 200 eggs and the business of compare with it, but that is another sub- taking out the sand and depositing the ject. If you should take a spider's web eggs is one of the most wonderful things (and it were made of silica), and criss- you could hope to see, but that too, is cross it in every imaginable way, you another story. Just at this time when would have some idea of the intricacy the lady turtle comes up on the beach and beauty of the f oraminiferan shells. to increase the population of the turtle They formed 90 per cent of the sand at tribe, she is captured. Turtles are use- Bramble Cay and the chances are that ful things and turtle soup is delicious most of the sands of the coral reef are and turtle egg pancackes are more than so formed and most of the coral reefs delicious. The eggs are about the size themselves, for while the coral animal of golf balls and they bounce when von builds the framework, the interstices are drop them. When you cook them filled in with such minute animals as neither the yolk nor the white gets hard these. Think how important this is in and you have to suck the contents out maintaining the food supply of the fishes of the shell. Turtle egg pancackes with of the Pacific, and not only fishes but honey are worth talking about. But the sea mammals and other animals, the what are people going to do for turtle turtles and so forth. You all know of egg pancackes a hundred years from the whale that gets its meal by straining now if the turtles are killed off at the its food through its mouth—not the rate they are being destroyed now ? If whale that swallowed Jonah, but the we do not look out for the turtles there other one. It has a curious sievelike will be no turtle egg pancackes for structure in its mouth and it goes people a hundred years from now and through the water with its mouth half that would be too bad. On Bramble Cay open and millions of minute animals are two boats came ashore and took twenty- 142 THE MID-PACIFIC

seven egg-laying females away with not from New Zealand I admire that them. That sort of thing has to be country greatly) which is protected by controlled, and speedily. law. I think it is the only animal so I will refer to the whaling question protected by special legislation. His just as a contrast to the extreme minute- name is Polaris Jack and he lives in ness of the algae mentioned before. Take Cook Straits in Polaris Sound. He has your whales, which up until the present been reported dead but that has happened time have been having a fairly good so of ten that I don't put much stock in time in the Ross Sea where they have it. He nearly was dead and that is why been left alone, and they have increased they passed that law. He comes out considerably. As the whales of the whenever he hears a propeller of a ship South Atlantic have been practically ex- and entertains the visitors. We do not terminated, it became necessary for the cater to tourists there as you do here, but whalers to find new fields. A Norwegian the Government realized what a valu- company (Norway owns no land in the able tourist attraction Polaris Jack was Pacific as far as I know), comes along and so they passed a law to protect him to the Southern Antarctic with a well against such tourists as would arm them- provided mother ship and lots of little selves with rifles and pot poor Jack. ships and they start in with gunpowder I do not think it should be necessary to and high explosives and they make such frame such laws. But I do think if we a success of it that it even pays them could all get together and appoint com- to kill the smallest whales. In the old petent men to frame laws to protect the days whaling was a big and dangerous whole of the Pacific fishery area, it problem and it did not pay them to haul would be well worth our time. We must in any but those whales which were full look at every little thing as it affects of oil, and so the smaller ones were that question—whether it be oil from allowed to go free, but now with mod- ships, slaughter of animals, or diseases ern inventions—torpedoes and cranes— attacking marine life. they can catch these and tow them It is a tremendous privilege for me to ashore. In fact, they even pump air come here and get into touch with men into the whales to keep them afloat and like Jordan and Evermann, who have I have seen dozens of them floating this one object in view of trying to around the mother ship, waiting to be frame some plan by which the nations tried out. Now, this company states surrounding the Pacific and perhaps the that in a few years it will not pay to nations of the world can come to some go to the Antarctic because they will simple plans, like the postal law which have killed off all the whales. It does is an international agreement and a not know if whale oil is going to be an working one. important factor in the world's markets We must have some international or not, but we must preserve the whale agreement in connection with the fishery by international agreement to keep him problems and if anything can come from from being exterminated, and to be these conferences, as I am certain it used if necessary. We have a whale can, then the whole world is going to be down in New Zealand (and while I am better off because of them. THE MID-PACIFIC 143

E 1 Practical

Relief Work

in China By REV. PHILIP ALLEN SWARTZ I'l (Newly installed Pastor of Central Union Church, before the Pan- t' Pacific Club of Honolulu)

Plii='"vicainunizca n/12aircruni' inucanii

The papers referred to me making my debut at the Pan-Pacific Club. Not be- ing a well disciplined debutante, I am not sure it can be done successfully, but I am glad to say that I am happy to be with you and hope to do what I can for the development of every public-spirited enterprise, and am particularly pleased to have a part in the development of Rev. Philip Allen Swartz stronger ties between the Occident and the Orient. I believe in this arena we of 1920 came, it broke among many of may well be working out those prob- those who had suffered from the flood lems that will guarantee the future safety and famine of 1917. and prosperity of the nations of the My responsibility was as chairman of earth. the personnel department for the Inter- My job has been international cooper- national Committee of Famine Relief ation in famine relief, and something of which had representatives from almost the work done there would be the most all of the nations represented in China. distinctive contribution I could bring you They handled thousands of dollars and from my four years' work in China. bought grain and provisions, and for You may recall how seriously the f am- such a big organization as this, it was ine broke out. It was more than an essential they should have a supervisor ordinary catastrophe for just before the and men and women they could trust to famine of 1920 there had been a wet go out and work with the officials in famine and the rivers had cut into the the stricken areas. We called upon the fields and homes of the people, and as returned Chinese students who had spent trees in China are few and far between some time in Great Britain or America, there was nothing to bind the soil to- and many of them gave several weeks gether and vast quantities of land and of their time. Many of the government top soil were carried out to sea, and officials aided. We called on the stu- when the people came back to their dents in the university and colleges and homes, they found their crops, live stock, many of the classes went out en masse houses all destroyed. When the famine to carry on the relief work. The women 144 THE MID-PACIFIC

LANG FANG

Practical relief work in China is made more easy and feasible through the construction of railways and good roads. With these carried to every part of China, rapid and cheap transportation would eliminate the great danger of famine. THE MID -PACIFIC 145 of Peking University conducted a relief for her. He asked $10 and then came school in one of the most afflicted prov- down to $5, but I had no way of taking inces. The people themselves rallied as care of the child on my bicycle. As I never before to work for their own peo- went along one of the country roads, a ple. There were something like 450 little boy came out and yelled (Dr. people of other than Chinese descent Schwartz gave it in Chinese) : "Here who helped under the committee and comes a foreign devil riding on his iron these people contributed more than 140 mule." When I replied, "Yes, but the years of service ; some of them devoting iron mule does not eat any grass," the their services for the entire period of boy saw the point and thought it a the famine and going away from' posi- good joke. tion and school for weeks at a time to Some of the officials promised to help carry on this work of mercy. This work- us punish one of the sub-officials who ing together in mutual service for people had exacted some of the committee's in need is what welds the world to- money by graft or squeeze. Anyone gether. who has been in China knows what How great that need was let me show squeeze is—the share that falls to some- you. I found at one time that I could one for handling something for someone not get sufficient data from the field and else. This underling was supposed to so I had to go out and see with my own give out tickets to the poor and he eyes the condition I had to deal with. I would exact money from them before closed my desk and took my Ivor-John- alloting them a ticket entitling them to son bicycle to see what there was to see. food. We secured his punishment for I remember watching a little boy lapping we felt that this work was being done up leaf dust, for there was no food as a purely altruistic venture. available. People who had trees would As I came out of a house one day the build six-foot walls around them so as courtyard was crowded with six to eight to keep the bark from being eaten by hundred people and they fell clown and the starving crowds. I saw several eat- kowtowed according to the old country ing pods from a sort of locust tree and custom in China, and holding up their roots of plants. In one city on the Pe- arms they cried, "Save our lives." I king-Hankow Railroad they were eating never felt more like a brute than when thistles which they softened by soaking. one poor old man hung on my arms and The prickers cause intense suffering if cried, "Help me or I starve." I had they lodge in the body. This diet causes to push him off for I did not have the eyes to protrude and the abdomen enough coins to go around and there to extend. I have seen women with a would have been a stampede had I bowl in their hands with white clay shown charity to some and not to all. mixed with some kind of root or bark— One example will show you a little anything to give body to the substance of conditions. In China people heat and stave off the pangs of hunger. I their houses by building a fire outside noticed in one district that there were no in a hole near the wall. Many persons cattle and no chickens nor any live stock left their homes and wandered around of any kind. I saw children being the countryside. One poor wanderer pushed on wheelbarrows because they had found his way to the warm side were too weak to walk. Many of them, of a house and had crawled in the I was told,, were taken to the large cities hole and gone to sleep. His feet were and sold. I had the opportunity to buy outside and froze while he was sleeping. a pretty little Chinese daughter. Her A dog came along, also starving, and father wanted me to take her and care when the poor wretch woke his feet had 146 THE MID-PACIFIC

Poor children in China being fed through foreign relief during a famine period.

A relief but in China where the children met daily and were taught as in school. THE MID -PACIFIC 147

been gnawed away. A doctor friend learning that they are their brothers' of mine gave him free treatment and keepers and that methods of relief in finally an artificial limb. That shows other parts of the world can be used the severity of ordeals experienced and in China. The excellent demonstration that when men and women are suffer- of how the Chinese people themselves ing in these terrible ways something rose to great heights of service and how should be done. I am glad to say that they illustrated the type of character that due to the assistance of the Chinese makes us proud of what they have done government (the free transportation of is evidenced in the story of a former grain and free use of trains and tele- bandit chieftain of China and now one graph systems) we were able to build of the strong men of China. Some of up an organization that made it possible his officers still clung to the old custom to break the back of the famine and to of taking a little bit off of everything save multitudes of lives, and to bring that came through their hands and .they about a new day in famine relief made a proposition to the Famine ReliefR methods. There has been a permanent Committee and showed them how vast commission established to study ways sums of money could be diverted into and means of saving life in China. Re- the pockets of members of the commis- lief was given by doles some times but sion. The offer was refused, and after usually as a result of work well per- the famine was over, these same officers f ormed. We did not want free charity gave them a feast and said, "We did to pauperize the people and make them not know there were men like you unwilling to work for themselves. The among the Chinese. Certainly what you representatives would go into a district have learned from your Christian train- and say, "We will allot food for 20 ing is something of which to be proud. per cent of your families if you will You not only prevented us from carry- build up these roads." The main streets ing out our plans of becoming rich but of many towns, automobile roads, were you refused the privilege yourselves." fixed as a result and irrigating projects If there is one thing we should be were undertaken and wells dug. This hopeful for it is that there is a new idea permanent commission has studied the of public service and a new desire to methods of deepening the rivers and re- see that great nation take its place foresting the land so that more mois- among the nations of the world, provid- ture will be held in the soil and the al- ing for the welfare of its people and luvial deposits will not be carried out to going forward to build up a republic sea. I am exceedingly hopeful of the that will demonstrate to all the other result of such relief work in China be- nations that China is worthy of a large cause the Chinese people themselves are place in international affairs. 148 THE MID-PACIFIC

A group of Filipino (Igorots) men and women, modern agriculturists in the making.

A native Filipino house in the agricultural districts of the Philippines. THE MID-PACIFIC 149

Sonic' of the native terraced rice-fields of the Filipino.

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1 Agricultural Education in the ,., Philippines By KILMER 0. MOE (Former Superintendent of Luzon Agricultural School, before the Pan-Pacific Club of Ilionolulu) ›.. Ann"---ninhai • — inucannimunniunninincitmninuniffuni—t

I want to take this opportunity to the keynote to good international rela- voice my satisfaction at having reached tions and an institution that serves that Honolulu. In the course of my travels end is rendering humanity no mean in the last few years I have visited service. practically all countries of the Far East Butut there is anheranother reason why I and everywhere I have heard of the a m glad to be here. As an agriculturist Pan-Pacific Union and of Alexander I cannotn help but feel somewhatomewhat awed Hume Ford. This organization with its at the results which have been obtained message of good will to all the world here in the field of production. In this is like a ray of sunshine in an other- place thoughtful and broad-minded men wise gloomy prospect. It is performing have wrought a miracle.cl MMen with a service which may seem intangible to vision to conceiven e and who were not some, yet it is nevertheless far-reaching afraid to try have led the way with the and effective. I sincerely believe that result that science was invited to help better understanding among peoples is solve the problems of field and factory 150 THE MID-PACIFIC

Some of the types of Filipino women who labor in the fields and are being trained in modern agricultural methods of farm work. THE MID-PACIFIC 151

in a manner that has never been sur- This explains in large measure the passed. great American experiment in the Far This result is not merely one of in- East. We came to the Philippines quite creased profits. You have placed the by accident and amid the crumbled ruins Territory of Hawaii in the vanguard of old Spain we found a new set of of progress. Your men are leading the problems. Not only did America have way in their particular field of endeavor. to adopt a foster child, but she had to They have set up standards for the rest adjust herself to a new order. She to follow. This is no small distinction was forced to make a departure from in a world where advancement is so the century old traditions and to assume closely related to material prosperity. a place of increased responsibility in the The biggest and best service which you family of nations. perform is that you point the way What matters it that America shows toward greater rewards for human en- a youthful tendency to disregard older terprise. council ; that her sons get stung in busi- So aside from being the Paradise of ness ; that they pay more attention to the Pacific inhabited by the most hos- philanthropy than they do to economics ; pitable people on earth, you have here that their motives are questioned, and many other attractions which to many their efforts to benefit mankind go un- of us make a strong appeal. The results appreciated by those they have be- which you have attained here make me friended? The great fact remains that proud of the fact that I am an Amer- America has arrived and the work will ican. It is another manifestation of the go on in spite of obstructions. spirit that has made our country a great Among the problems encountered, nation. that of education has attracted perhaps As we look back over the last quar- the greatest amount of attention. With ter century with America playing the true American impetuosity we have gone role of colonial power, we somehow a long way toward free public education. seem to catch the meaning of an in- We know now that it is not a cure-all scrutable purpose, something big and for all the social and economic ailments strong and lasting. She came upon the that afflict the social body. scene with a new attitude, something Education is very of ten misunder- that reflected the influence of the open stood. Many seek it as a means to get spaces. Her outlook was free from the out of work when it ought to serve as overhanging shadows of expected wars ; a means to get into work. They study her people not oppressed with the feel- not to become better able to render ing that each move was being watched service but to shift their burdens on to by enemies armed to the teeth. This the backs of others, an attitude which freedom allowed for a distinct develop- works a great harm in the community ment, the growth of economic and social and an injustice against the school sys- forces, and the advancement of a ma- tem for it makes the school turn out a terial well being such as the world had class which serves only to eat up the never yet experienced. And with it all resources of the community without giv- was developed this new attitude of "live ing anything in return. and let live," of equal opportunity and A system of education which prepares hope held out to all the world. Out of young people to live in the country is a struggle with the forces of nature a finding favor with educators throughout new power was born. Fate would have the Far East. They are looking for it that this new force should cross the something that will help to build up broad Pacific. strong rural communities where life may 152 THE MID-PACIFIC be lived with a greater chance for hap- nished the initiative in every mcvement piness than in the crowded cities. Many looking to the social and material wel- of them feel that it is through the de- fare of the settlers. Its history is, velopment of a strong rural class of therefore, that of a pioneer movement real home builders that the success of looking to the settling up and develop- their respective countries depend. ing of that portion of Central Luzon There can be no mistake about this. known as the homestead country. Progress will come only as the nationals The reservation set aside for the of a country produce enough to sustain agricultural school was twenty miles it and in no other way. It is not enough from the nearest railway station with for us to proclaim our advancement by no roads and no organized community. word of mouth. We must have the price It was necessary to face real pioneer to pay for it and this we get as we direct problems. So teachers and students our energies to the soil and make it had to make the best of it. There were yield up its riches in sufficient quantities no houses so they erected grass shacks ; to sustain us in the higher standard. their food supplies ran so low they This situation is not peculiar to the planted quick growing crops and lived Philippines. In all the countries of the on sweet potatoes and corn with greens Far East the same menace is threaten- for variety. The locusts came in clouds ing. Agricultural education makes a and ate up the rice and corn ; the drouth strong appeal to educators of all these shriveled up the fields and destroyed the countries because it combines school and harvest ; disease broke out among the life in a manner to bring out the fun- students and rinderpest killed off the damental idea that education to be really work animals. effective must be a training for citizen- But the Ilocanos are a hardy lot and ship. their sons can stand a great deal. This To serve this end we conceived the was the element from which the settlers idea of a student community on a large were drawn and their sons made up the tract of land where every student could original student body. They faced all have the opportunity of working his kinds of hardships without flinching and own little parcel as a student farmer year by year the school made progress and from his own efforts produce the along with the settlers. Progress and means to pay his living expenses. In prosperity came with increased develop- the solution of his own economic prob- ment and the school became famous lems he would receive the guidance of throughout the East. American and Filipino instructors who The student community was natural would direct his efforts along productive growth. There was no attempt to force lines and help him in every other way new and strange ideas upon the people to become a self-sustaining citizen. any faster than they were capable of With this in view a tract of about absorbing them. The institution had to 1700 acres was set aside by the gover- be a departure from the ordinary type nor general from the public domain as of school in order to serve its purpose. a reservation for the Central Luzon Irrigation was absolutely essential to the Agricultural School. The tract was lo- maturing of crops and there were no cated in a wild unsettled region of the funds available to construct concrete island of Luzon in a section of the dams and spillways. They were made country that had just been opened to of earth with communal labor, the stu- homesteaders. The school, therefore, dents and the homesteaders working side became a center of influence in the new- by side, a thousand strong, to divert the ly developing country and usually fur- water from the streams and extend the THE MID-PACIFIC 153 canals. While at this work the students economic and natural laws which if camped out miles away from their dor- broken meant loss to the enterprise and mitories, working in weekly relays until serious inconvenience to the partners. To the task was completed. In this manner fail as a student farmer usually meant some 25,000 acres were irrigated. As- elimination from the student community, sured crops brought a measure of pros- the opportunity being given to someone perity and from that day forth the com- else on the waiting list. munity made progress. This crude sys- The home of the student farmer was tem has since been replaced by a modern near his field, sometimes a mile or more system with concrete dams and spill- away from the school center. The com- ways. petition was strong as to maintaining We had considerable timber on the neat and presentable farm houses for reservation and to hasten the construc- which prizes were given during the an- tion of buildings, a saw mill was in- nual fair. In passing I might say that stalled which converted the stand into this event was attended by thousands building materials with which we erected of settlers and other visitors and formed quarters including a mess hall, shop a link to tie up the institution with the buildings and a community store. For entire neighborhood. At these farm sides we wove mountain bamboo into homes the students planted gardens and wattle called locally sawale, and got iron fruit orchards besides their field crops. for roofing by salvaging the exposi- They had lawns and hedges, pigs and tion buildings at the Manila Carnival. poultry, all of which had to be cared This work was all done by students for by the students themselves. Agri- under the supervision of instructors, cultural clubs of all kinds were formed and while not in every respect as perfect which served to stimulate interest in as we would like to have them, the agricultural activities and added training quarters were still an improvement over in community life. the shacks of the settlers. I could go on indefinitely telling of The backbone of the students' com- the difficulties that have to be overcome munity was the student farmer who in the building up and operation of such worked the' land. He lived with one or a community, but time forbids, and I more companions in a f arm home which shall sum it all up by stating that an they constructed out of local materials. agricultural school of this character is a The organization was such that it al- community in itself, a training center for lowed for school work and outside ac- citizenship with all the facilities and ac- tivities at the same time. This was ac- tivities of the ordinary community avail- complished by organizing all classes into able for use in the work of training. two divisions with half day sessions. And I might add, that the harder the While one student farmer attended struggle, the more effective is the train- classes his partner who shared in the ing. The sole aim and purpose of such use of the work animal and implements an institution is to turn out citizens able did the work in the field. The other and willing to go back into rural dis- half of the day they shifted and the tricts and there face the problems that student in the field attended classes. In are sure to arise ; to take part not only this manner they both received ad- in productive enterprise, but as active vantages as regards both school and members of progressive communities field work, both sharing in a partner- such as will insure the stability of the ship in which each had to do his part country. to accomplish results for mutual benefit. It is a matter of great satisfaction to At the same time they faced the stern me to find that right here in your own 154 THE MID-PACIFIC midst a similar institution has been es- Our country is destined to do great tablished, a school f or citizenship that things in the service of mankind. The aims to give specific training in pro- giant forces that have grown up from ductive enterprise. I refer to the Kame- the early beginnings of our pioneer hameha Schools right here in Honolulu. fathers are a power for good that will This is a school with a future, a train- be thrown into the balance on the side ing center that will make its influence of right, justice and a square deal. This felt not only in the Territory of Ha- force has found expression here in the waii but throughout the vast Pacific Mid-Pacific through broad minded men, area. Ideas of this character cannot be Americans with the force of character confined but will spread, in fact, are necessary to translate their ideas and spreading to all corners of the earth. their ideals into terms of accomplish- I have not as yet had the opportunity ment. We who have been working on of observing the public school system a farther frontier have had to content here, but I understand that vocational ourselves with cruder methods and training and guidance particularly in the cruder results. But the same great field of agriculture is its most char- force has been at play even there ; a acteristic feature. This is as it should force that is just barely coming into be. Let there be but a fraction of the its own. We will be called upon to same application of science and of prac- assume tremendous responsibilities be- tical common sense in the field of edu- fore the world in the years that are to cation as has been given in the produc- come. In the great task that lies be- tion of sugar and pineapples and you fore us I can only repeat the words of will have out here in the Mid-Pacific a the British poet when his native land center of influence, a force that will was face to face with similar problems: radiate outward in ever increasing "Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet ; circles. lest we forget."

Home life in some arlcultural sections of the Philippine Islands. THE MID-PACIFIC 155

Work, as the Hawaiian has ever enjoyed it.

turaynt;luvi The Laborer and the Pacific By PAUL SCHARRENBERG (Secretary-Treasurer of the California State Federation of Labor, before the Pan-Pacific Club of Honolulu)

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There is so much to be said and there bordering on the Pacific Ocean have just begun to know each other within the last is so little time in which to say it, that decade or so. New means of transporta- I cannot say half of what I would like tion, increased facilities of travel are to say. The chairman has referred to a letting us look at each other, and conference in 1927—Pan-Pacific League through various conferences in these of Nations Societies Conference. I beautiful islands we are beginning to do would like to say a word about the some things that were never tried in Atlantic if you will let your minds drift any countries bordering on the Atlantic. back to the early days of the Atlantic. We have many common problems here Even as early as when Columbus sailed that are known , on the Atlantic coast, across it there was no such thing as a and to my mind the labor problem is the labor movement. There is no compari- most important because after all every son between the old days of the Atlantic other problem touches on the labor and the present days of the Pacific. We must disassociate those two entirely. It problem. has been pointed out that the nations We have the three great nations of 156 THE MI,D-PACIFIC

The Portuguese men and women were brought to Hawaii a gen- eration ago as plantation laborers. They came chiefly front the Island of Madeira. Today the Melt are the skilled team drivers and the women are busy raising their families of children. THE MID-PACIFIC 157 so-called white people, America, Canada, in mass numbers are based on the same and Australia, bordering on the Pacific fundamental principles. Those people in with almost similar ideals. Each country the three great white nations want to has its own labor movement, founded maintain a standard of living to which for the laboring people and constantly their people are accustomed, and I am growing and developing in a political as sure every one is by now aware of that well as an industrial sense. I think there fact, and our Japanese friends are in will be no contradiction if I say that the the wrong when they say it is a slap in standards of living in these three coun- the face. It is an attempt to keep the tries are comparatively high as compared standard of living high. I think every- with any other country on earth. It is one wants that. Americans are just try- higher than any country of Europe and ing to protect themselves. The so-called the other countries around the Pacific. Gentlemen's Agreement did not seem to We have on the other hand China and work and inasmuch as Japan knew it Japan and Asia back of these countries was not working why in the name of and we have the friction that has un- mercy did not Japan keep her people doubtedly arisen between the higher and away voluntarily ? If she had done it lower standards of living, and that fric- voluntarily there would have been no tion has found an outlet and expression need for further legislation. So I say in an effort of the other three countries Japan must look to her own doors and to protect themselves against mass im- deeds. We did not pass that immigra- migration and the consequent lowering of tion law as a haughty gesture but simply their standards of living, and out of that to maintain the standard of living. I effort of self-protection much hostile wonder what California would have been feeling has come and many unpleasant if it had not been for the early agitators and unnecessary things have been said. led by Dennis Kearney who brought Right here in this city I tried to make about the Chinese Exclusion Act ? What a public speech and I was so careful do you suppose would be the picture of about it that I wrote it out in long hand California? We would have a province and read it at the conference, a thing I of China, and there would be no white have not done in many years, and the men working at honest toil, for it would next day I was reported as saying that be considered dishonest. Far be it from Japanese immigration was a grave men- me to praise agitators, but they some- ace. Imagine it ! I never said anything times start things and Dennis Kearney of the kind. Then I was reported as started something when he began that saying that the immigration act would movement to keep California a white never be repealed. I had not even man's country where honest toil is always thought of saying it, much less saying it considered honorable. I am sure you in public. So one of the local Japanese will all admit that. We have accom- papers roasted me for fair, and called me plished that much by agitation and if I several choice names, all because the can read the mind of the American peo- papers printed certain things that I did ple they will stand pat. We are going to not say. I am merely citing this as an have race homogenity in America. I am instance of how people may be led astray not trying to say that back of the Japan- by small things, not because I mind being ese exclusion law is a race issue, for that called names, for I'm used to it and is secondary to the economic issue. When rather like it. the standard of living in China and The present American immigration Japan is equivalent to the standard in restrictions, like the methods of Canada America and Canada and Australia there and Australia, to keep out the Orientals will be no further need for further ex- 158 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Japanese men and women have made the best cane-field laborers in Hawaii, but they soon graduate out of this kind of work. Their children go to school, then to college, and enter professional fields. THE MID-PACIFIC 159 elusion laws. I repeat that, so you will back, and you can imagine the improve- not misunderstand me—I repeat it also ments that have been made since. In for the Japanese editor. That is an those days one steamer was sufficient to axiom, and there is a fond hope in that carry freight and passengers between the connection. Japan has a fine labor coast and the islands. You know what movement and trade union organizations the development in every line has been that are developing wonderfully. We —look at sugar and pineapples, and those all know what that wonderfully brave of us who can see far enough into the little country has done in the last fifty future can see the future tourist crop of years and I am rather optimistic that the Paradise of the Pacific. It takes the Japan will show some of us some things average steamer about six days to come in the development of labor movement here. Twenty-five years from now it second to none, so that there will be an will take only three or f our days and the equalization of labor and we will see the Zeppelins will carry passengers in less masses of the Orient getting fair treat- time than that. In California alone there ment and a glimpse of the full dinner will be 40,000,000 inhabitants and they pail. Even in China there are rumblings. are all potential visitors to Hawaii which You know that back of all the trouble has a climate unrivalled in the world. I in China is mass education of the work- suppose you think I am talking like a ers of China and a desire for better Los Angeles real estate man, but I have things. When the peoples of the Orient no property there and really do not per- have lifted the standard of living of their sonally like that city. Looking into the peoples so that it approximates the stand- future I can see a vision of the most ard of living of the three white countries marvelous country for visitors in the there will be no talk of discrimination world, • with hotels on every mountain because we attempt to protect ourselves. top and crowds of bathers on all these I sincerely hope I have made that clear, wonderful beaches around the island, and even though the Advertiser would not I am sure that is coming in twenty-five consider my manuscript but would rather years. I will say to those of you f or- take someone's word about it. tunate enough to live here always that I I would like to say a word about envy you. I would like to stay here and Hawaii. I was here twenty-seven years would if I could. When men of the ago and I was a sailor before the mast caliber of Mr. Ford and others who get in an old barge that had the deck all up these conferences to settle the future cluttered up with drainage pipes so that of the Pacific are willing to give their the only place the passengers could walk time and men of wealth will give of their was on the quarter deck—space about 10 x 14, and we had eight passengers resources to study of the future problems who seemed perfectly happy with the ac- of Pacific countries, I am sure there is commodations. It took us twenty-one hope for us all and that even includes days to come over and four weeks to go Japan. 160 THE MID-PACIFIC

Around the tiers of the great temple at Borobudur, in Java, are archways through which massive stone steps lead to the tiers above as may be seen. The carving is ornate and continuous. There are miles of it. THE MID-PACIFIC 161

The wonderful Temple of Borobudur as it stands revealed today.

Borobudur, the Temple that Buddhists Forgot I By DR. HAROLD T. STEARNS U. S. Geological Survey Copyrighted. Photographs by the author.

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Surpassing all other temple ruins in would be involved had it been built like beauty and lost for eleven centuries in a a pyramid. jungle, Borobudur Temple rises in ma- From this hill, nested on the edge of a jestic and solemn glory above the rice broad open nearly circular valley, can be fields and coconut groves of central Java. seen three beautiful volcanic peaks over Although less spacious, perhaps, than the 10,000 feet high. As dusk approaches cave temples of India and less imposing their usual hoary caps of silvery clouds than the Hindu shrine at Angkor Vat in drift away into nothingness and the three French Indo-China when viewed from cones tower above the plain in majestic afar, this temple, adorned with hundreds glory. One of them, Mount Merapi (fire- of life-sized statues and over two miles mountain) sends a column of white steam of bas-reliefs, is undoubtedly an example skyward. A hush falls and not even a of the highest Buddhist art in the world. murmur comes from the thatched huts of Only the pilgrim who has paused in silence the natives near by as the tropical sun on its terraces during a tropical sunset in drops below the horizon. The long day this country south of the equator can ap- of labor is over. Then a breeze stirs and preciate its marvelous site. The temple is the slow swish of the leaves in the palms built so that it incloses the top of a hill as below is heard and ripples break the mir- a core, thus eliminating the labor that ror surface of the water on the rice fields 1( )2 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID-PACIF IC 163

One of the four galleries surmounting the platform enclosed by a balustrade. The inner side of the balustrades, as well as the inner walls of the galleries, are covered with bas reliefs illustrating the life story of Buddha. surrounding the temple. Lights glimmer A.D., the Borobudur Temple doubtless from some of the huts below and the went to ruin and was entirely forgotten temple grows even more beautiful under during the Mohammedan invasion that the lengthened purple shadows of early followed. evening. Soon the moon breaks forth The temple, fashioned after a huge from the low clouds of the horizon in hemisphere, is a stupa, a monument brilliant tropical glory and the silhouette erected over a portion of the ashes of of the temple is complete. Buddha. After cremation, the ashes of Yet, I feel that men will live to see this Buddha were divided among eight cities expansive plain, with its beautiful tropical and buried in tombs. Later, King Ashoka scenery, its peaceful palms, its towering the Great ordered seven of these tombs to temple, and its half million people entirely be opened and the ashes to be redistrib- obliterated in a moment of fitful wrath uted in about 84,000 vases. Thereafter, of the capricious Goddess Pele—the mys- at every new settlement of Buddhists a tical mistress of internal fires—a disturb- stupa was erected over one of these urns. ing thought in the wave of emotion created The huge memorial of the Borobudur was by the peace and tranquility of the eve- doubtless erected over some of the ashes ning. although excavations have failed to re- Buried under ash that had been heaped veal them. upon it during the centuries of eruptions The Borobudur Temple, although pyra- from the adjacent volcanoes, cracked by midal in form, has in silhouette the outline earthquakes, and hidden by tropical vege- of a hemisphere, typical of a stupa. On tation, it was not found until the period of the summit lies a huge stone stupa which British occupation. Little is known of its originally contained a large incomplete history. The inscriptions at its base sug- stone image of Buddha. This statue is gest that it was built in the ninth century. thought to be a replica of the unfinished With the complete downfall of all the image of Buddha which was erected on Hindu empires in central Java about 925 the spot where Buddha received his vision. 164 THE MID-PACIFIC

There are four flights of stairs, one portrayed by the bas-reliefs commence on leading up from the middle of each side the eastern gateway, hence it is believed to the summit. These stairways pass that this was the chief entrance of the through the galleries under beautifully worshipping Buddhist. adorned gateways. The four galleries Borobudur Temple is easily accessible surmounting the lower platform are in- to tourists. Many people drive to it from closed by balustrades, and the inner sides of these balustrades, as well as the inner Batavia but others leave the train at Djoc- walls of the galleries, are decorated with jakarta (commonly called Djokja) and are nearly 1,000 bas-reliefs illustrating the driven there by automobile. By this route story of the life of Buddha. On top of they see also the temple at Mendoet, only the galleries, at regular intervals, are a short distance from the Borobudur. niches containing images of Buddha. At the base of the Borobudur Temple There are still preserved nearly 450 of there is the Borobudur Hotel (under these life size stone Buddhas, each within European management) where one cari a dagoba or shrine of its own. rest for the night or stay for days. Here Above the four galleries are three cir- one can spend considerable time watching cular terraces adorned with 72 beautiful the native women making batik, the native latticed dagobas in which are stone cloth of Java. If you desire they will Buddhas representing all the known make batik with a crude reproduction of images of Buddha. All the narratives one of the Buddha niches of the temple.

The temple, fashioned after a huge hemisphere, is a stn pa, a monument erected over a portion of the ashes of Buddha. THE MID-PACIFIC 165

-711k7/1171og(mA l ir k.op IVut:FuvuurIVIP:71 • i l• Exploring. the Gobi Desert 9 • By DR. C. P. BERKEY E (Before the Pan-Pacific Club, Honolulu) •f rt.\ • air aaaaa haiinifaxcuialf61/aicain

Some of you in the Pan-Pacific Re- search Institution have heard me tell about the first expedition to the Gobi Desert on which I went in 1922 and stayed five months in Mongolia. NN'e de- cided that there had to be an additional reconnoissance farther to the west and south, and so this second expedition was organized in 1925 and went out again. This is the second time I have been in Mongolia and I have time now to tell you but a few things about the progress of the work. I think I told you that my work is chiefly geological. We were kept pretty busy the first season in determin- ing what the geological strata were and what the meaning of the geography of Ready for the Gobi blasts. the country was. If you recall, I told you that the major it is always of sand and clay and mud conditions were as follows : There is a that have been distributed since that very ancient floor of old complicated history began. While these layers of rocks that were planed off by erosion sediment were being laid down the ani- millions of years ago when the earth mals that lived and died there or got was young, and this was lifted up into a mired there left their bones in that kind of plateau region that has been a strata ; and so they are there in the continental region since that time. That various states of development from is why it is so important geographically period to period through the ages from and geologically and from the viewpoint the Jurassic to the present, if you go of paleontology. It has not been beneath to the right places. Once in a while the the sea since Jurassic times. When old basin was warped a little more so this old region was lifted into a plateau that some places were higher and some position, its edges were curled so that lower and of course there is more sedi- the center is lower than the outside and ment in the lower places. You could not the rivers that used to flow out to the see much of the deposits that were made sea have since that time carried their or of the fossils if it were not for the sediments to the interior ; and so if you fact that erosion following the old river go there you find in the lower places courses has cut channels in these old where the sediment was well preserved strata, and you can go along the river 166 THE MID-PACIFIC

Through the Great H all of China lays the way to the land of Gobi, where the cradle of man is perhaps buried. The expedition now at work in Gobi land is unearthing some of earth's most valuable secrets of creation. THE MID-PACIFIC 167

bed and note the different strata and dig 70 dinosaurs in 1923, and the eggs of for the material deposited there. You which we figured were 10,000,000 years can almost make up the story from be- old. We went down in the bottom of ginning to end, and these are the condi- the valley where there were exposures tions under which the finds have been of rock similar to the region where we made, and when we saw what the story had found the dinosaurs and we discov- was like, we could go ten miles across ered we were beginning to get flint im- the country and knew that at this place it plements and scraps of agate, bone, egg was useless to stop, and then we could shell, that had been worked by man. move on to another section and be rea- When we examined into it we found we sonably sure of finding something. had gotten into a recent formation with The first year we went out we found a history that ties up with the glacial a section of strata that had crustacea period. The story is something like this : from portions of the Tertiary up to the When it is moist enough so that grass Pleistocene period, which brings us up and vegetables and plant life can grow, almost to the present time. The first the soil is held together by the roots of year we did not find anything in the plants and shrubs and the soil is not glacial period, that is, in the period in washed into the bottom of the valley ; but which man ought to appear ; so we were if the country becomes a little drier and particularly anxious to investigate then still drier the grass does not grow whether man was present in the interior so well and when it rains there is a con- of Asia during the Pleistocene time. siderable wash from the sides of the val- When we went back this time, our prom- ley into the bottom. That is what hap- ise to the people who were supporting us was that if we were at all able to do so pened at the close of the Ice Age—the we would find forms representing the country became drier and drier, and the Pleoistocene period, and find out if man valley instead of being more deeply was present there in those times. eroded became filled up more and more Everywhere we went the first year and the people who lived in the bottom there had been erosion it seemed to were sometimes flooded out and their us. Every form we saw was an erosive hearths and workshops were covered form and we could not find any deposits over. There was a 100 feet of these de- representing Pleistocene and present posits in the valley. Now the erosion times, but we went this year to the mar- of the present time is getting into these gin of the Alta Mountains on the north deposits so you can see right into the side, and found we began to get more sides of these deposits. The simplest modern things. Not only that, but in the things are in the bottommost layers—just Gobi region in certain favorable spots, fragments of flint, little pieces of bone, there are deposits that have been laid thumbnail scrapers, very small and prim- down since the Pliocene period—post- itive. Above that there were higher Pleistocene sands deposited during the grades of things—such as fashioned in- changes that have taken place since the struments. We came upon coarse grades Ice Age. I wish I had more time to of pottery and arrowheads and then carry you through this, but I will take more complicated efforts, and all this, you just one step further. layer on layer, could be seen just as One of the most interesting things to plainly as I see you. We made a care- me was the evidence that there was a ful study and we know that those people change of climate, and that ties up with who lived there began to live there at this problem of the deposits since the Ice the close of the Ice Age and the hap- Age. One day we came to the place penings since that time have driven them where we had found the skeletons of the out. They lived along the streams that 168 THE MID-PACIFIC were dying out and when there was no These skulls are the forms of primitive water they had to move out. That was mammals—when mammals were first be- a long time ago-15 or 20 thousand years ginning to develop. There is only one ago. The Ice Age closed about 25 thou- other skull on record going back that sand years ago, as nearly as estimates far. I would like to tell you about more can be made. One must think in terms of the things but I have not time. of 25 thousand years, and these people My problems as a geologist ramified lived there long enough after that time through the whole range of geology. I so that all trace of them as people is lost am glad to say that in the course of the except for these fragments of things. two years that we have evolved a fairly We find these remains of their life and comprehensive picture of the geological workmanship all over the desert wher- conditions in the Gobi Desert which gives ever the conditions were just right for us a portion of the general history of preserving them. That is only one of that region which ties up with other the interesting things we found out this knowledge. We have worked on prob- year. lems of the Paleozoic Age and the origin I should tell you that it was not all of the Alta Mountains. We are inter- geological work. We had paleontology ested to see that the Alta Mountains work, archeological, botanical work too. which rear up from 12 to 14 thousand You might think that going out into the feet were very young—so young that Desert of Gobi you would not need a man may have been looking at them botanist along. But you do. There are while they were attaining their recent plants there galore and many of them of greatest heights. The changes that have the most interesting and rare species. gone on in recent years, recent geologic- Our botanist brought back almost 500 ally, that is, are astounding. We did species of 'interesting growths. not find the missing link, if you mean Our paleontologists brought back six by that the accepted meaning of the term, little skulls that I could hold in my two but we found many links that link up cupped hands, and yet they are worth something else. We learned that man their weight in gold, and even more, for was there, and next time we will have the they are the rarest things we know. key to the way to proceed.

THE MID-PACIFIC 169

The new woman in China at college.

MIE TC7111UrIIIIL71 TUTIVIMIP311C7r The New Women of China By S. N. AU-YOUNG (Director of the Chinese Government Bureau of Economic Information, Peking)

xcuicituanni

The outside world seems to have such of natural rights and privileges of women. vague ideas about things Chinese, espe- According to the teachings of Confucius cially the activities of the Chinese women the position of women is equal to that of in private as well as public life. The a man. From the Emperor to the com- women in Europe and America have no mon people, the wife of each is his equal. idea that the women in China have been In the Chinese language the word "wife" very much respected from time imme- means equal. For the equality of man morial, during which period the natural and woman Confucius prescribes the rite rights and privileges of women have been of "personal receiving" as a necessary recognized through the practice of cus- ceremony of marriage—that is, the bride- toms and traditions. groom must go to the bride's home to re- There were rules laid down in the book ceive her personally. The rite is neces- of Odes as well as some mentionings in sary for all classes, even including the the books of Confucius ; and all of these Emperor. Confucius was asked by the have been referred to the proper sphere Duke of Lu if wearing a crown for the 170 THE MID-PACIFIC

Always in the Confucian temples is the respect of woman taught in China.

The Empress Dowager of China was one of the world's great women. She built the Summer Palace near Peking. THE MID-PACIFIC 171

exercise of "personal receiving" would be was not in existence until some thirty too ceremonious. Confucius emphasized years ago when the spirit of national con- the fact that even an emperor must also sciousness was aroused as the result of pay respect to his wife. He also believed the humiliation in the defeat in the Sino- that the ceremony of taking the bride to Japanese war. Another occasion which the carriage is like the service due to one's caused the spirit of nationalism to stir parents and that all the ceremonies of up among the students and people marriage are as solemn as those of sacri- throughout the country was the protest fices. This shows that Confucius is the against the secret treaty concluded with champion of women's rights, and he raised Russia in 1900. During this period the the position of women very high. Women women of thought worked coordinately of ancient times did not hesitate to take with the men in urging the government to advantage of those rights and privileges cancel the secret covenant. Aside from and subsequently they had made quite a spreading propaganda through the press, name for themselves socially as well as they also made public speeches with a view politically. to arousing the sentiment of the people. When one turns the pages of Chinese Among the notable leaders were Miss history one will find quite a few women Kiang Tung-Pei and Miss Hsi Chin- who had made themselves known as have Ching, the former being the daughter of Joan of Arc and Mary, Queen of Scots. the famous scholar and monarchist, Kiang The Chinese Joan of Arc is Mao-lan, who Yu-Wei. They both made patriotic dressed up as a man to fill the call for speeches in a public garden and thousands conscripted men which was required of of people were moved by their eloquence. her father. She fought for twelve years This marks the first chapter of the activ- and her sex was not discovered by her ities in national affairs of the modern comrades until she returned home after women in China. The next chapter is the being gloriously decorated by the Em- part that they played in overthrowing the peror. Her unusual deeds and acts of Manchu dynasty. Under the leadership bravery were praised in the form of of Miss Chu Chin, the first women's poetry. magazine, "The Women's World," was The Empress Dowager is well known founded. She preached emancipation to the western world, but there is hardly through her magazine, and also aroused anybody who knows that there was a very the sentiment of the people in overthrow- powerful female ruler in the years of 690 ing the Manchu ruler, but unfortunately to 712 B. C. Her name is Wu Chi-Tien, her plot was discovered by the officials the self-acclaimed empress who ruled the before it was mature, and she had to pay empire with terror. Aside from the above the penalty of death for the cause of mentioned personage there are numerous establishing a Republic. She was buried martyrs of the gentle sex and heroines in the most famous West Lake in Hang- whose activities and biographies fill the chow, and since then she has been im- pages of voluminous books. There is no mortalized as one of the martyrs of the denial that Chinese women in ancient days Chinese Republic. played a fairly important part socially as During the revolution of 1911, the Chi- well as politically. nese women played not only a minor part, In spite of the fact that education was but an active part even to the extent of denied to women in ancient days, there forming a battalion to fight the govern- were quite a few celebrities in their high- ment forces under the Manchu regime est literary attainment. Education in those in Hangchow, Nanking, and Hangkow. days was a luxury as a whole, and only The brave act of a Miss Chow should be the well to do could afford it. Co-education also mentioned here when she bombarded 172 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Chinese woman of today is progressive, and she is raising her children along progressive lines. Very sensibly she is loath to discard the native dress for the ever-changing and sometimes ridiculous fashions in dress of her foreign sister. THE MID-PACIFIC 173 the Hangchow Yamen single-handed with tion with social work a tribute must be bombs and dynamite, and Miss Chen Su- paid to the admirable work of the Chinese Ching led her battalion into Hangkow Y. W. C. A., which is organized in charge with seven bullets in her body. They of a national committee, whose chairman fought fearlessly and were quite willing was at one time served by Mrs. T. C. to sacrifice their lives for the good cause. Chu, a Wellesley graduate. The new After the establishment of the Republic woman in China is not only a national the women formed a Women Suffrage social worker, but is also an international Society and called representatives from worker. Chinese women were represented eighteen provinces to assemble at Nan- for the first time in an international as- king with a view to asking the government sembly in 1920—namely, at the Quin- to grant them the privilege of woman suf- quennial Congress of the International frage. Leading a committee of forty odd Council of Women in Christiania. In ap- women from various provinces under the preciation of China's participation the leaderships of Miss Tong Kwan-Wing Congress unanimously elected the China and Miss Tsai Wei they marched to the representative, Madame Lo Chang, daugh- parliament house to demand woman suf- ter of Kiang Yu Wei, the famous mon- frage. In this connection they had a fist archist. In recent years other interna- conflict with military police stationed in tional assemblies such as education, re- front of the Parliament House. In the ligion, etc., Chinese women are also pro end the women had their triumph in gain- portionately represented. Under your very ing admittance to serve as representatives eye you have witnessed the two Chinese in the assembly in Kwangtung Province. lady delegates, Miss Law and Miss Wang, There were ten women representatives and to the Institute of Pan-Pacific Relations among the most notable personages were last July, both Wellesley graduates. Miss Lee Pi Lan, Miss Lun Yu Hwa, The new woman in China has blotted Miss Wang Shao-Chang, etc., but un- out the practice of foot binding, and she fortunately. the Women's Suffrage So- ciety and its auxiliary affiliations were is doing everything in her power to dis- ordered closed by President Yuen Hsi courage and eradicate concubinage. Kai. The modern education affords the Thus, the women's suffrage movement women in China the opportunity of fitting did not last very long in the brief history themselves into various professions and of the Chinese Republic. However, the vocations. The most popular profession intellectual women did not lose their cour- among the educated women is medicine age and they are still using various jour- and nursing, apart from teaching. Other nals and magazines such as the Chinese women are entering into business and Ladies' Journal, the Emancipation and manufacturing industries. Banking is also Reconstruction, the Renaissance, etc., as taken up by women. A woman's savings the means for its advocacy. bank was established in Peking for the The Chinese ladies' Red Cross Society first time, in 1921, and a little over a year had two very distinguished ladies as ago another bank called the Woman's chairman and president, the wife of the Commercial and Savings Bank, was or- ex-president, Hsu, and Madame Hsiung ganized in Shanghai. These banks are Hsi-Ling, wife of an ex-premier, the managed by women. Modern women latter also being identified as the pio- are also becoming expert manufactur- neer of an orphanage in Peking and the ers, especially in Canton, where over promoter of the mass education in China. fifty factories making hosiery, shirts, The new woman in China is public etc., are owned and operated entirely spirited as well as patriotic. In connec- by women. 174 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Maoris, of the same race as the Hawaiians and Samoans, had attained a high degree of civilization, especially in their home life, before the coming of the white man to New Zealand. There are some 40,00o Maoris in New Zealand and they are increasing in numbers. THE MID-PACIFIC 175

Lool,'in:; out over the Southern Alps of New Zealand.

IC711IIIt7IIV.21711U119UIL:211.. 1C7I.UTT=7711,711CJITCTIP711C7IT7111:711C.711C.711,7111711C.71 • • 11. Mountains, Rivers and Lakes of New Zealand • By GEO. M. THOMSON, F.L., F.Z.N., Inst. M.L.C. • • (Before the Pan-Pacific Science Congress) • 'nth:Alin!

TN 1642, Abel Tasman, the famous gave the name of Maria van Diemen, -I- Dutch navigator, in voyaging in the daughter of the Governor of Zealand, South Seas, discovered the South Island to the northern point of the North Is- of New Zealand. Shortly before, Schou- land. If my memory serves me, he mar- ter and Le Maire had discovered an ried the young lady on his return to island, which they thought to be part of Holland, and they lived long and hap- a great Antarctic continent, and which pily together. they named Staten Land. Tasman It was not till 1769, that another and thought his newly-discovered country greater navigator, Captain James Cook, was a continuation of the same southern rediscovered the islands. The history land, but some three months later, hav- of New Zealand begins with Cook's dis- ing learned that Staten Land was an covery. inconsiderable island, he renamed his The natives of the country, the discovery New Zealand, and the name— Maoris, are a branch of the Polynesian derived from the chief province of Hol- race, speaking a very pure dialect of the land—has been retained. Polynesian language. Their tradition, Tasman never set foot in the country. which is common to many Polynesians, He anchored his ship in Golden Bay, is that they originally dwelt in a land near Nelson, and sent a boat ashore. called Hawaiki, and that a chief, after The natives, without any provocation, a long voyage, reached the North Is- attacked the crew and massacred four land of New Zealand. He was pleased men. This was his first and only ex- with the country, returned to Hawaiki, perience of the fierce race which peopled and induced many chiefs to follow him these islands. Tasman lifted his an- back to New Zealand. Another branch chors, sailed away to the North and of the race traveled North, found a 176 THE MID-PACIFIC

Life :.nong the Maoris as it may still be observed in New Zealand.

A sketch of the world-famous Wanganui River, New Zealand's scenic stream. THE MID-PACIFIC 177

Mt. Cook, over 12,000 feet high, is New Zealand's highest mountain peak. group of islands in the North Pacific, and Church people settled in the province of called the largest by the old name of Ha- Canterbury, and called their town Christ- waiki. Their descendants have dropped church. The present European population the "k" out of the name, and call the of New Zealand furnishes about the island today, Hawaii. purest type of the "so-called" Anglo- Saxon race to be found in the world. The Maoris were a fierce uncontrollable race, living in fortified elevated villages, The Maoris were never a subject race called "pas" (Cook called them "hip- to the British people. In 1840 the Treaty pas"), always at war, and savage canni- of Waitangi was signed, by which all bals towards their enemies. I am not giv- rights and powers of sovereignty were ing you the history of New Zealand, but ceded to Queen Victoria, and all terri- only a few facts about the early days. torial rights were secured to the chiefs The contact of the natives for many years and their tribes. The natives are well after Cook's three visits, was chiefly with cared for; their tribal lands are admin- sealers and whalers. European settlement istered by the public trustee. They have followed the missionaries in the north, but equal rights and privileges with the Euro- was very limited till 1840. In that year peans, good education, and absolutely free the first definite body of British immi- intercourse. They are a strong virile race, grants arrived in Port Nicolson, and with considerable intellectual ability, and founded the town of Wellington. In their representatives in Parliament, in the 1842 the settlement of Nelson began. In medical and other professions, testify to 1848 a body of Scotch Free Church peo- their mental powers. In the late great war ple settled Otago, and called their capital their soldiers—all volunteers—proved to Dunedin, the old Celtic name of Edin- be among the finest troops of the British burgh ; and in 1850, a body of English Empire. It is pleasant to know that their 178 THE MID-PACIFIC

Mountain climbing is one of the tempting pastimes in New Zealand, where scores of moun- tains more than ten thousand feet high are to be found and mastered. In many of the upper valleys great living glaciers are to be crossed. THE MID-PACIFIC 179

Cruising in the West Coast Sounds, .Vczo Zealand.

numbers have shown a steady and sub- active volcanoes, and a region of hot lakes, stantial increase in recent years. The pure- springs and geysers, still showing that the blooded Maoris numbered 53,000 and thermal activity is only now dying down. half-castes over 7000 at the last census. The oldest part lies in the Sounds region New Zealand lies about 1200 miles to in the southwest of the South Island. the east of the great island-continent of Here is one of the most perfect series of Australia. The islands stretch in a north fiords to be found in the world, cut out and south direction, between 3472 degrees of the ancient gneisses and granites of and 47 degrees south latitude ; an actual the weird rock formations by enormous length of over 1000 miles. Its climate is glaciers which are now much reduced in strictly temperate, and is on the whole size. The great rainfall produces a dense mild and equable ; it is eminently suitable mass of vegetation reaching from the sea for the most perfect development of the line to over 4000 feet ; and developing a Anglo-Saxon race. Its area is 104,750 superb system of waterfalls. The walk square miles, or slightly less than the total from Lake Manapouri to Milford Sound area of the British Isles. It has been is claimed, with some show of justice, to well-named the "Britain of the South." be "the finest walk in the world." The Its population of over 1,270,000 is in- tensely loyal. In the great war it mob- great backbone ridge of the southern Alps ilized over 220,000 men, or one-third of culminates in Mt. Cook or "Aorangi," the whole male population ; it sent more the "cloud-piercer," over 12,000 feet in than 140,000 men overseas, and lost over height. These Alps are not as high as 14,000, or a total of 10 per cent. Its those of Switzerland, but their peaks treatment of the returned soldiers has tower some 7000 feet above the snow-line, been more generous than that of any other and develop a wonderful series of gla- part of the Empire. ciers ; some of which on the western side The most recent part of the country is come down to within 700 feet of sea level. in the North Island, where there are four The lake system is unsurpassed. 180 THE MID-PACIFIC

:Vezc Zealand is justly famous for its scenery. In this picture we see the Buller River and Gorge. This is typical of the entire West Coast scenery of the South Island of New Zealand.

•,MMA4-Al41,5111-!PEMM_TALMW • • WI4MIPSYILWAMVS

BULLETIN OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION An unofficial organization, the agent of no government, but with the good will of all in bringing the peoples of the Pacific together into better understanding and cooperative effort for the advancement of the interests common to the Pacific area.

CONTENTS

New Series No. 73, February, 1926

Report of the Director of the Pan-Pacific Union 3

The New Assistant to the Director of the Pan-Pacific Union 4 A Letter from Dr. L. N. Chang 6 The Spread of the Pan-Pacific Idea 7 31 The Pan-Pacific Union Fosters Real Peace 9

The Second Pan-American and the Proposed First Pan-Pacific Red Cross Conferences - - - 10

A World Educational Conference at the Pacific Cross-Roads 13

OFFICERS OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION

HONORARY PRESIDENTS Calvin Coolidge President of the United States S. M. Bruce Prime Minister, Australia Prime Minister, New Zealand J. G. Coates President of China Tsao Kun Prime Minister of Canada W. L. Mackenzie King • President House of Peers, Japan Prince I. Tokugawa King of Siam • His Majesty, Rama VI

OFFICERS IN HONOLULU • President—Hon. Wallace R. Farrington Governor of Hawaii Honolulu Director—Alexander Hume Ford • • HONOLULU Published monthly by the Pan-Pacific Union 1926

tragatail • ittlitiiMaitriiiiielViMai•if• Pee • afIlYefiefiladlrell • YeCIVE• • alitM•1 eta% atria • AIMS OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION

From year to year the scope of the work before the Pan-Pacific Union has broadened, until today it assumes some of the aspects of a friendly un- official Pan-Pacific League of Nations, a destiny that both the late Franklin K. Lane and Henry Cabot Lodge predicted for it. The Pan-Pacific Union has conducted a number of successful conferences ; scientific, educational, journalistic, commercial, fisheries, and most vital of all, that on the conservation of food and food products in the Pacific area, for the Pacific regions from now on must insure the world against the horrors of food shortage and its inevitable conclusion. The real serious human action of the Pan-Pacific Union begins. It is fol- lowing up the work of the Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Conference by the establishment of a Pan-Pacific Research Institution where primarily the study and work will be along the lines necessary in solving the problems of food production and conservation in the Pacific Area,—land and sea. Added to this, will be the study of race and population problems that so vitally affect our vast area of the Pacific, the home of more than half of the peoples who in- habit this planet. The thoughts and actions of these peoples and races toward each other as they are today, and as they should be, for the welfare of all, will be a most important problem before the Union, as well as the problem of feeding in the future those teeming swarms of races, that must be well fed to preserve a peaceful attitude toward each other. The Pan-Pacific Union is an organization in no way the agency of any Pacific Government, yet having the goodwill of all, with the Presidents and Premiers of Pacific lands as its honorary heads. Affiliated and working with the Pan-Pacific Union are Chambers of Commerce, educational, scientific and other bodies. It is supported in part by government and private appropria- tions and subscriptions. Its central office is in Honolulu, because of its loca- tion at the ocean's crossroads. Its management is under an international board. The following are the chief aims and objects of the Pan-Pacific Union : 1. To bring together from time to time, in friendly conference, leaders in all lines of thought and action in the Pacific area, that they may become better acquainted ; to assist in pointing them toward cooperative effort for the advancement of those interests that are common to all the peoples. 2. To bring together ethical leaders from every Pacific land who will meet for the study of problems of fair dealings and ways to advance interna- tional justice in the Pacific area, that misunderstanding may be cleared. 3. To bring together from time to time scientific and other leaders from Pacific lands who will present the great vital Pan-Pacific scientific problems including those of race and population, that must be confronted, and if pos- sible, solved by the present generation of Pacific peoples and those to follow. 4. To follow out the recommendations of the scientific and other leaders in the encouragement of all scientific research work of value to Pacific peo- ples ; in the establishment of a Research Institution where such need seems to exist, or in aiding in the establishment of such institutions. 5. To secure and collate accurate information concerning the material re- sources of Pacific lands ; to study the ideas and opinions that mould public opinion among the peoples of the several Pacific races, and to bring men to- gether who can understandingly discuss these in a spirit of fairness that they may point out a true course of justice in dealing with them internationally. 6. To bring together in round table discussion in every Pacific land those of all races resident therein who desire to bring about better understand- ing and cooperative effort among the peoples and races of the Pacific for their common advancement, material and spiritual. 7. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly commercial contact and relationship. To aid and assist those in all Pacific communities to better understand each other, and, through them, spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of inter-racial cooperation. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 3 Report of the Director of the Pan- Pacific Union At the Annual Meetink, of the Trustees at the Pan-Pacific Research Institution, December 30, 1925 The Pan-Pacific Union has kept well Union, some not, but all are working to within its budget of $20,000 for the year one end, better interracial understanding. 1925. About $19,000 was subscribed, in- The Pan-Pacific Club in Tokyo meets cluding special funds for the entertain- every Friday at lunch, the most dis- ment of delegates to the Fishery Confer- tinguished men in Japan conducting this ence and other visiting scientists, the fur- organization. The Pan-Pacific Clubs in nishing of the Pan-Pacific Research In- China, Formosa, Korea, Australia and on stitution building, the Pan-Pacific Club the Pacific Coast of America, have their work, and maintenance of the work and set meetings and are growing in power entertainment of the Pan-Pacific Research and influence. Institution. The Pan-Pacific Research Institution The Pan-Pacific Food Conservation has brought together men who are quite Conference of 1924 was the most repre- able to conduct this work. The Pan- sentative Pan-Pacific Conference ever Pacific Club is bringing men together and held, every country including Latin Am- training them to take over the work of the erica being represented, French Indo- Union. C. N. Kurokawa has been added China sending six distinguished dele- to the staff of the Union, and it is hoped gates; Siam, the head of her Fisheries that leaders among men of other races Bureau ; Dutch East Indies, the head of will soon join the staff. one of the agricultural departments ; and Distinguished men in the countries Fiji, leading entomologists. about the Pacific are taking active inter- The proceedings were issued in bound est in the work of the Union. In Australia form and highly illustrated. As a result Sir James Barrett and Sir Joseph H. Car- of this Conference, the Pan-Pacific Re- ruthers organize annual Balboa Day ban- search Institution has been organized, quets as representatives of the Union. holding meetings of science workers every Prince Tokugawa heads the annual dinner Friday night for more than a year and of the Pan-Pacific Association of Japan. planning work that is receiving the com- W. W. Yen helps greatly in Peking, secur- mendation and cooperation of the Pacific ing government aid for work of the governments and countries. Dr. David Union, as do Prince Chandaburi and Starr Jordan is president and spent some Prince Traidos in Siam. months as resident director at the Institu- It is urged by the Director that the time tion. has now come when the local directorate The Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union, in Hawaii be cut from thirty trustees to sent monthly to the Trustees of the Union, twenty, and that ten men in other Pacific has kept them informed of the progress of lands who are actual leaders in the work the work. be asked to serve as trustees of the Pan- Everywhere about the Pacific the leaven Pacific Union. The following have been of the ideals of the Pan-Pacific Union is recommended by members of the Union : working. Pan-Pacific associations, clubs, Dr. David Starr Jordan of America, Sir institutions and publications are being Joseph H. Carruthers of Australia, born on both sides of the Pacific ; some Prince I. Tokugawa of Japan, Hon. W. of them are under the auspices of the W. Yen of China, Mons. H. Damiens of 4 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN

Indo-China, Prince Chandaburi of Siam, of any salary to the Director, which he Hon. Mark Cohen of New Zealand, V. C. would be willing to forego, but feels T. Lucas of British Columbia. that he should be placed in a position The year 1926 it seems should be given to properly entertain and represent the to raising money about the Pacific and in Union at home and abroad. preparing for the Conferences of 1927- Trusting that this brief report will be 8-9, of Medical Men, Legal Representa- satisfactory, supplemented as it is with tives, Women of the Pacific, League of the printed proceedings of the Food Con- Nations Societies, Red Cross Societies, servation Conference, the Fisheries Con- Entomologists, etc. ference, the Sugar Technologists Con- The Director has drawn no salary dur- ference, and the activities of the Union ing 1925, nor 1924, contributing this to appearing in the monthly bulletin, I the cause of the work and paying his remain. own expenses. He should during 1926, Very truly yours, with the secretary, visit Pacific countries for the purpose of securing funds for the A. H. FORD, Director, permanent support of the Union and of Pan-Pacific Union. the Pan-Pacific Research Institution. He feels assured that if given this sup- P.S.—The treasurer's report is in prep- port that he could accomplish the desired aration and will be sent to the Trustees result. after the first of the year. It shows a The budget of the Union for 1926 healthy balance and a careful expendi- should not be less than $20,000, exclusive ture of every dollar. The New Assistant to the Director of the Pan-Pacific Union The Pan-Pacific Union has added C. N. attend the meeting at which C. N. Kuro- Kurokawa to its staff as an assistant to kawa was installed as associate director of the Director. For years Mr. Kurokawa the Pan-Pacific Union. Governor Wal- has been a volunteer worker in the Union, lace R. Farrington, president of the 7an- one of the founders and past presidents of Pacific Union, was one of the main speak- the Shinko or Japanese Good Relations ers who welcomed Kurokawa to his new Club. Some years ago at one of these position. club meetings Mr. Kurokawa launched "Brief talks were given by a large num- a plan for a Pan-Pacific Returned Stu- ber of persons at the luncheon, including dents' Alliance, and has since been keeping members of the Rockefeller Foundation, in close touch with Oriental students and who are returning from work in Aus- graduates in all Pacific countries. For tralia. some years Mr. Kurokawa was Japanese "Dr. Edwin E. Embree, secretary of the secretary of the Nuuanu or Pan-Pacific Rockefeller Foundation, spoke in a pessi- Y. M. C. A. in Honolulu. The Honolulu mistic vein, contradicting the words of the other speakers, all of whom had described Star-Bulletin of January 5th gives the fol- in glowing terms the way in which the lowing account of his inauguration : world is moving towards universal peace. "The largest gathering at a Pan-Pacific " 'I am not at all sure that we are ap- Club luncheon in many months assembled proaching universal brotherhood or uni- at noon Monday at the Young hotel to versal peace,' said Dr. Embree. 'Every- PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 5 one would like to see peace, in general, better understanding and better knowl- but a good many people would like to give edge of each other, and that three things, some particular person a crack over the understanding, cooperation and charity, head first. The Christian and Moham- were the three secrets of the peace of the medan religions are both aggressive, and world. Hawaii is on the way to work I do not see how either can bring about out these three things, he said, and he re- universal peace without antagonism. ferred to the New Year's football game as " 'It depends upon each one of us, how- one way of bringing about better under- ever, to do everything we can toward standing among races. international peace. When I saw the rain- "Hawaii is not only the crossroads of bow in the sky at the football game on the Pacific, but of the world, said Dr. New Year's Day, I thought of how a rain- Aley, who pointed out that a large num- bow may appear in the sky of the world ber of people whom he has known before, binding together two places that hitherto now live in Hawaii. He was formerly had been separated with black clouds. president of the University of Maine, Some conflicts that formerly seemed in- whose most distinguished alumnus is now evitable now seem less inevitable, and the governor of Hawaii, he said. promise of the rainbow may be realized. "Dr. J. H. E. Hopkins of the London If it is, I believe its realization will be School of Hygiene and Tropical Research, worked out, in no small part, in Hawaii.' was another of the luncheon's speakers. "John C. Lane presided at the lunch, He expressed his pleasure at his visit in Alexander Hume Ford turning the meet- Hawaii and praised the cooperation shown ing over to him after saying a few words here as being one of the great needs praising his new assistant. Dr. Dai Yen among the races of the world. Chang then introduced Kurokawa, who "Dr. Edwin G. Conklin, zoologist of told of his desire to establish associate Princeton university and a representative Pan-Pacific clubs of young people and of the Rockefeller Foundation, urged his interest the younger generation in the hearers to look to the individual and not work of the Pan-Pacific Club. to the general. "Governor Farrington was the next " 'Think of the individual German, the speaker, welcoming Kurokawa to his new individual Japanese and the individual work. Chinese whom you love,' he said. 'Don't " 'The vital questions in the world today just say : 'I hate the Germans, I hate the are 'Are you educated ?' and 'What can Chinese, I hate the Japanese.' " you do ?' said the governor. `Kurokawa "Dr. Conklin pointed out that zoology has demonstrated that he is educated and teaches that men are all of the same that he can do things.' species, and in this fact lies the rainbow "The governor spoke in high praise of of promise for the future, he said. He the ideals, field and purposes of the Pan- prophesied that the next great battle of Pacific Union, as well as in praise of the mankind will be between mankind and in- selection of Kurokawa, to fill the new sects, and not between different races of position. man. "The Rev. N. C. Dizon welcomed Kuro- "Frank R. Buckalew, who is here in the kawa, on behalf of the 400,000 Filipinos interests of the Near East Relief cam- of the territory. Dr. Y. C. Yang, and R. paign, spoke of conditions in the Near Julian MacBrayne spoke on behalf of the East and of the work being done there by Massachusetts club. the United States and other countries. "Dr. Robert Aley, president of Butler Here is a work that contributes definitely College, Indiana, said that he believed to the cause of better understanding and the peoples of the world are coming to a world peace, he said." 6 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN A Letter from Dr. L. N. Chang The following circular letter has been which it was revealed how little we know received from Dr. L. N. Chang, attorney- about the true conditions of each other's at-law, Hankow, China : country and how much more we would appreciate each other's country and how "Dear Friend : much more we would appreciate each "It may seem strange to you that you other if we could only have further stud- never heard from me since we parted on ies and contacts like those we had dur- the close of the Institute of Pacific Rela- ing the Institute meetings ; because it is tions at Honolulu, Hawaii. This, I can the lack of understanding, studies, and assure you, my friend, is by no means due contacts that gives rise to international to any neglect or lack of appreciation for differences with war and devastation in your friendship on my part, but due to a their train. His letter unfortunately is combination of circumstances. Too sud- misplaced, and the above is the gist den changes of climate from one region thereof, if I remember correctly. Should to another revived my stomach trouble he be misquoted, I am prepared to be which made me so weak that I had only responsible for the thoughts above re- enough strength to attend the meetings ferred to. In order to bring about inter- to give reports and to attend to my own national good will and cooperation, we work, professional or otherw'se, that in China are or at least I am using all the has accumulated since my depart- influence at my command to form "Study ure from Hankow on May the 29th ; and Discussion Groups" on such subjects and even up to now I have not yet made as International Relations, League of Na- up my back work while new cases are tions, etc., in connection with the Y. M. coming in abundance from my clients C. A.'s, various colleges, churches, and who kindly postponed action pending my such associations as the Bankers' Asso- return. ciation, Educational Association, Diplo- "I was compelled to cancel my stop- matic Association, and so forth. It is over in Japan to hurry home ; but to my hoped that some good result may be great sorrow I arrived at my bungalow forthcoming in time to come and that far at Kuling, off Kiukiang, in ,Central better prepared the Chinese delegates China, already five days too late to catch will be when they come to attend the next a last glimpse of my beloved son, Ivey, Institute of Pacific Relations Conference who died there on August 19th (1925) or the other Conferences which Mr. Ford in consequence of an accident. He was and others are planning to call under the the handsomest, most versatile and elo- auspices of the Pan-Pacific Union in quent of all my children, in whom I had 1927. the best hopes of a successor in Court "Availing myself of this opportunity work when he grew up, and this blow to thank you, my friends in Honolulu, for really can only be imagined but not de- all your courtesies, and you, my friends scribed. It took me fully one month be- in other lands, for the privilege you gave fore I could get over the shock to resume me of knowing you and the peoples and work, and hence this delay in writing to countries you represent the more inti- you, my friend. mately, as well as to renew to you con- "Now, let us change the subject and siderations of my high regard, I take refer to our Institute again. Mr. Holmes much pleasure to remain. wrote me from New York saying that it "Your ever cordially, was a wonderful Conference during "L. N. CHANG." PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 7 The Spread of the Pan-Pacific Idea

How the whirligig of time changes our nia to hold at least one Pan-Pacific dinner opinions. Ten years ago when the Direc- and each program club to have at least one tor of the Pan-Pacific Union visited Los such program annually, speakers to be Angeles, he was informed by the secre- provided upon request for these or any tary of the Chamber of Commerce that it other interested group. Similar activity wished nothing to do with the Oriental or will be urged throughout the Pan-Pacific with any organization which included him area. in its membership. "Leaflets will be published in various Today Los Angeles is a hotbed of the languages on vital topics and Pan-Pacific "Pan-Pacific Movement." Three years countries charted with respect to educa- ago the Chamber of Commerce cooperated tional, civic, and commercial leadership so with the Pan-Pacific Union in establish- that interested world travelers, through ing a branch in Los Angeles, and others personal touch and little conferences along in Los Angeles have studied the charter the route, will be able to effect a constant of the Union and are forming kindred or- interchange of good will and useful in- ganizations, some of them doing splendid formation. work for bringing about better under- "This Association definitely recognizes standing among the peoples of different the rapid changes in the United States races in southern California. from vast spaces and abundant natural re- According to its prospectus, sources to manufacturing and the necessity "The Pan-Pacific Association for of buying and selling in the marts of the Mutual Understanding was organized to world where other nations are more ex- help spread among peoples bordering the perienced. Pacific a wider and more sympathetic "We believe that within our educational knowledge of each other, that the cause of system there should be ample provision peace might be served and those manifold for the teaching of the Oriental lan- interests common to all mankind be in- guages, training for diplomatic service creasingly recognized and extended. and commercial leadership, the historic "The primary method of accomplishing background and current events of all this purpose is through a monthly travel Pan-Pacific countries being stressed." dinner devoted to home and civic life, The Pan-Pacific Union branch in Los scenic beauty and trade aspects of the Angeles has cooperated with the Council Pan-Pacific countries in turn. Pictures of International Relations of that city and will often be used. helps to maintain general offices in Room "The first of these dinners occurred 571, Chamber of Commerce Building. October 19. The next will be a real Writing from these headquarters Mr. Thanksgiving dinner, Monday, November K. S. Beam, the executive secretary, 23, the subject for discussion to be The states : Relation of the United States to the "As Secretary Kellogg said recently, Pacific. Omitting December, we then `The permanent peace of the world de- begin our circuit of the Pacific with pends on the spread of knowledge and the Alaska and British Columbia in January, proper understanding of each other's Mexico in February, etc. problems.' Since the World War, this "There are too many plans to permit conviction has come to a great many lead- even touching upon them all in this brief ers in many different countries ; and it has sketch but for illustration let me cite the led to many plans to work for world peace asking of every city in Southern Califor- through education. Pacts, agreements, PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN courts and leagues are necessary but the tive League, Japan Society, League of only safe foundation on which these can Women Voters, Federation of Cosmopol- rest is understanding among the people of itan Clubs, Council of Jewish Women, the nations, and this can be brought about Bureau of Catholic Charities, High School only by a long process of education. Teachers' Association, W. C. T. U., Y. W. "The World Federation of Education C. A. and Pan-Pacific Union. Associations has adopted Dr. David Starr "Dr. David Starr Jordan is the honor- Jordan's peace plan and will gradually in- ary president, and the following are offi- troduce this plan into the schools through- cers and members of the Board of Direc- out the world. However, neither does this tors: President, Rufus B. von Kleinsmid, plan nor any other provide for the educa- president of the University of Southern tion of the general public on international California ; C. A. Dykstra, secretary of the affairs. It was to meet this need that the Los Angeles City Club ; Mrs. John C. Ur- Council on International Relations was quhart, recent president California Fed- organized in Los Angeles on September eration of Women's Clubs, James A. 19, 1924, the first of its kind in the coun- Francis, pastor First Baptist Church, Los try. Since that date the plan of organiza- Angeles ; Mrs. Eva C. Wheeler, president tion and program has been endorsed by Southern California W. C. T. U. ; A. the National Conference on the Cause and Moresby White, secretary Empire Club of Cure of War, and is being duplicated in Los Angeles ; George M. Day, Depart- other parts of the United States. ment of Economics and Sociology, Occi- "The program provides for community dental College ; Samuel Ayres, Jr., Los meetings on international subjects, a Angeles physician ; J. Eugene Harley, De- speakers' bureau, information service, the partment Political Science, University of publication of a monthly Bulletin, and the Southern California; George Gleason, formation of committees and councils on Director Religious Activities, Los Angeles International Relations in organizations Y. M. C. A. ; Mrs. Edgar F. Magnin, and committees. Between September chairman International Relations, Council 15th and December 15, 1925, the Council of Jewish Women ; Mrs. Seward Simons, has supplied speakers for, or arranged 77 Chairman International Cooperation to meetings, in 26 different towns and cities, Prevent War, League of Women Voters ; attended by a total of 14,000. Speakers Charles H. Scott, president Pacific Pali- are secured from among the prominent sades Association ; Julio Z. Uriburu, presi- visitors passing through, representatives dent Latin Protective League ; John C. of other countries, returned travelers, Carruthers, Department of Religious Edu- members of college and university facul- cation, Occidental College ; K. S. Beam, ties, students from foreign countries, and executive secretary. others. Most of these speakers contribute "The Institute of Pacific Relations, their services. which was conceived in the fold of the "Perhaps the most unique feature Pan-Pacific Union, is doing splendid work about the Council on International Rela- operating from Palo Alto. Since the tions and its main source of strength is inception of the Pan-Pacific Union eight- the fact that it is a cooperative movement, een years ago, the Pan-Pacific idea of now having 36 organizations affiliated with mutual understanding has spread around it. Among these are the California Fed- the Pacific, and in California it is now re- eration of Women's Clubs, California ceiving splendid recognition and coopera- State Church Federation, Latin-Protec- tion." PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 9 Pan-Pacific Union Fosters Real Peace From Cornell University there was conferences participated in by delegates recently sent out to the daily press of from nine countries contiguous to the America the following communication Pacific basin. The aim of the conferences concerning the activities in Hawaii anent is to arrive at a permanent organization the work inspired by the Pan-Pacific and to build an international understand- Union. It is headed "Pan-Pacific Union ing that will insure permanent peace Fosters Real Peace" with a sub head as among them. follows : "Anna Botsford Comstock Tells "The first meeting was held in Hono- of Meetings in Interest of International lulu in 1920, with unofficial representa- Comity." tives from the United States, Canada, "Speaking before the joint sessions of Japan, Java, Korea, China, Australia, the New York state federations of farm New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Philippines. bureaus and home bureaus, Professor The second meeting was held in Australia, Anna Botsford Comstock told how the and was a gathering of scientists whose Pan-Pacific Union promises a method of work aims to knit the various countries keeping at least half of the world from together through all interests rather than war, and illustrated her talk with lantern through political means only. The next slides of scenes in the Hawaiian Islands scientific conference is to be held in where, she says, 'it is but natural that such Tokio, Japan, in 1926. an international movement should have its "Another conference was held in San beginnings, because the islands have a Francisco in 1923 in connection with the mixed population, with Orientals predom- meeting of the National Educational As inating, and where the people excel in the sociation. Last year a food conference number of different ways of extending was held in Honolulu with 150 eminent courtesies, and have an unusually happy men from the various countries in attend- knowledge of how to get along with one ance. They discussed the sugar industry, another.' fisheries, marine biology, animal husban- "Mrs. Comstock is a world traveller, dry, food transportation and distribution, artist, and writer. She was the first international law and agreements, ocean- woman member of the faculty of Cornell ography, and plant quarantines. University, and the first to develop exten- "The latest meeting, and the one which sion work from that institution to the was said to be the most important, was people of New York, through her effort to held from June 30 to July 15 of this year, acquaint the boys and girls in the schools with 111 delegates. The meeting was with the fascination of nature study. Be- presided over by Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, cause of her work in this field she was president of Stanford University. One voted one of the twelve greatest American of the 28 American delegates said that his women by the league of women voters. visit to this conference constituted a She has now retired from teaching, and deeper human experience than he gained spends her winters in travel. Last winter at Versailles and the Washington dis- she visited the Hawaiian Islands with her armament conference, largely because the husband, John Henry Comstock, known delegations were purely unofficial and the as one of the world's foremost ento- sore spots in international relations could mologists. be discussed with frankness, understand- "In her talk she outlined the various ing, and friendliness." 10 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN The Second Pan-American and the Proposed First Pan-Pacific Red Cross Conferences

Sir Claude H. Hill, Director General Invitations to participate in the Confer- of the League of Red Cross Societies, ence in a consultative capacity will be sent with headquarters at 2 Avenue Velasquez, to all Red Cross Societies members of the Paris, writes to the Pan-Pacific Union. League, to the International Red Cross "Thank you for your letter of Novem- Committee of Geneva, the League of ber 20th. I need not say what a satisfac- Nations, the International Labor Bureau, tion it will be to us to have the Pan- the Pan-American Union, the Rockefeller Pacific Union represented at the Wash- Foundation, the International Union ing and Tokyo Red Cross Conferences. against Tuberculosis, the International "I fear it is unlikely that I shall myself Union against the Venereal Peril and the be going to the conference in Japan, but International Save the Children Fund one or two members of the League Sec- Union, as well as to certain other national retariat will certainly be attending, and I and international organizations which may hope it may prove posssible for them to have a direct interest in the problems to visit Honolulu on their way to the be discussed. Orient." Reports. Each national Society will Sir Claude Hill sends a program of the present a report to the Conference, sum- Second Pan-American Red Cross Con- marizing the activities which it has carried ference, to be held in Washington, May on in conformity with the resolutions 25-June 5, 1926, which is as follows : adopted in Buenos Aires in 1923. Each Place and Date. The Second Pan- Society will also be requested to obtain American Conference will be held between from the institutions invited to send rep- May 25th and June 5th, 1926, in the City resentatives and f rom the most compe- of Washington, in accordance with a de- tent personalities in their country, reports cision of the American Red Cross Socie- dealing with the various points on the ties at their first Conference in Buenos agenda. Aires in November, 1923. The Secretariat of the League will pre- Delegates. The Conference will be pare a general report and will request re- made up of representatives of all national ports f rom international institutions and Red Cross Societies of the American Con- from various personalities competent to tinents. speak with authority on the various mat- Each Society may designate the num- ters to be discussed. ber of delegates that it deems necessary All reports which are received in Paris but shall have only one vote in the delib- before the 1st of March, 1926, will be erations of the Conference. printed by the League Secretariat. Each Society may also invite, in a con- The general report of the League will sultative capacity, representatives of state be sent to all Societies prior to April 1. health authorities and of such Govern-. 1926. mental and private institutions as may Sessions. The opening session will be collaborate in the work of the Red Cross held on May 25th. His Excellency the or whose action may contribute to facili- President of the Republic of the United tate its activities and to extend the radius States of America will be invited to pre- of its influence. side at this session, to which will be in- PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 11 vited also all members of the Diplomatic desire, but such speeches will not be Corps resident in Washington. Each translated. Red Cross delegation may nominate one DRAFT AGENDA representative to make a brief address at this opening ceremony. 1. Study of organization and propaganda methods. After the election of officers, the Con- ference should designate five commissions (a) Constitution and functions of na- charged with studying the questions which tional headquarters ; relations of appear on the agenda, and to prepare the Red Cross Societies with Govern- reports and resolutions which may be sub- mental authorities, private agencies mitted to the plenary sessions. Each com- working in the health and relief mission will designate its Chairman and fields, and international organiza- tions. one or more rapporteurs in accordance Functions and duties of chap- with the matters to be examined. The (b) ters ; relations between chapters Chairmen of the five commissions shall and national headquarters. constitute an additional commission, to be Methods for recruiting members presided over by the Chairman of the Con- (c) and increasing the resources of ference, which will be called "The Agenda Red Cross Societies ; membership and Resolutions Commission." This Com- drives and Red Cross publicity ; mission will examine in advance all privileges granted to Red Cross motions to be presented to the Conference Societies by Governments, etc. and will prepare resolutions which it may Red Cross reviews and publica- be called upon to approve in final form. (d) tions. In addition to the formal meetings of the commissions of the Conference, there 2. Red Cross Relief Activity and Pre- will be special plenary sessions to which paredness. will be invited eminent authorities on (a) Constitution of the Disaster Re- questions of health, nursing relief, etc., lief Section of national headquar- to lead open discussions on these topics, ters. without such meetings leading to the (b) Study of disasters and planning formulation of any official resolutions. of relief activities. These sessions will have the character of (c) Training of personnel (doctors, round-table discussions and will be in- volunteer assistants, relief col- tended to permit the delegates to hear umns, Samaritans, etc.) authoritative discussion on various gen- (d) Constitution of depots of relief eral subjects which may arise out of the material. agenda of the Conference. These round- (e) Organization of relief activities ; table discussions will be supplemented by cooperation with Governmental visits to a number of the more important authorities ; cooperation of chap- health and welfare institutions in Wash- ters, Red Cross nurses and Junior ington. There will also be excursions to Red Cross. (f) Mutual cooperation between na- places of historic interest. tional Red Cross Societies ; joint The closing session will be held on June action of neighboring Societies in 5th or at an earlier date if the delegates the disaster zone ; coordinating shall have completed their labors. function of the League Secretariat Languages. The official languages of (documentation and planning, in- the Conference will be Spanish, English ternational appeals when disasters and Portuguese. Delegates who speak occur and coordinating of relief another language, may do so, if they so sent from abroad). 12 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN

(g) Participation of national Societies 5. Junior Red Cross. in the execution of the Ciraolo (a) Methods to be followed in form- Plan. ing Junior sections ; relations with 3. The Red Cross and the Improvement Governmental authorities, teaching of Health. b o d i e s, teachers' associations, (a) Child welfare ; prevention of in- health services, Red Cross chap- fantile tuberculosis ; dispensaries, ters and other organizations en- clinics, etc. gaged in similar work. (b) School hygiene ; organization of (b) Constitution and functions of summer colonies, school dispen- different Junior Red Cross bodies, saries, etc. Junior Central Committee, local (c) Popular health instruction ; com- committees, and Junior Red Cross bating of venereal diseases, mala- groups in the schools ; ria, hookworm and other tropical (c) Junior Red Cross propaganda, diseases. Junior magazines, posters, films, (d) Medical organization and first-aid etc. ; field work of Junior field posts ; ambulance methods. agents. 4. Training and Activities of Red Cross (d) Personal activities of Junior Nurses. members ; practice of health (a) Organization of nursing classes, habits ; civic activities (handicrafts material arrangements, supervising work, interschool correspondence, committees, teaching staff, pro- etc.) ; courses of instruction to gramme, teaching methods (theo- Juniors. retical and practical), rules and (e) Financial problems of Junior Red regulations ; Cross. (b) Recruiting of student nurses, 6. (Placed on the agenda at the request propaganda for this purpose, quali- of the Brazilian Red Cross). fications and educational standards Red Cross activities in civil war required ; and in the event of other disturb- (c) Conditions of work for nurses ances affecting the general life of (salaries, accommodation, insur- the community. ance, pensions) ; 7. (d) (Placed on the agenda at the request Professional training of public of the Costa Rican R. C.) health nurses in connection with Representations to be made to gov- their hospital training ; special ernments with a view to obtaining courses in public health nursing; free postal facilities for national school nursing, industrial nursing, Red Cross Societies in all cases mental hygiene nursing, venereal where that privilege has not yet diseases and tuberculosis nursing. been granted. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 13 A World Educational Conference at the Pacific Cross Roads Hawaii wishes a World Educational tion, the Pan-Pacific Union will be Conference called to meet in Honolulu pleased to adopt in general or in detail and negotiations are now under way. the Herman-Jordan Peace Plan accepted The first Pan-Pacific Educational Con- recently at the Edinburgh Conference of ference met in Honolulu, called by the the Federation. Pan-Pacific Union in 1921. The second, To this end, the Union first offers an called by the Union as a section of the account of its own past efforts in behalf World Educational Conference in San of mutual understanding among Pacific Francisco in 1923. Here was born the states, efforts paralleling to a degree the World Federation of Educational Asso- suggestions made by David Starr Jordan ciations, and through this organization in the prize plan prepared by him. It a prize of $25,000 was offered for the best may also be added that Dr. Jordan is practical Peace Essay, which was won by a trustee of the Pan-Pacific Union and Dr. David Starr Jordan, President of the Honorary President for the year of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution and a Pan-Pacific Research Institution of Director of the Union. which he is one of the founders, and at During Dr. Jordan's stay in Honolulu present a guest. as president of the Pan-Pacific Research The First Pan-Pacific Educational Institution, the Director of the Union Conference was called by the Pan-Pacific sent the following communication to the Union and convened in Honolulu during Hon. Augustus 0. Thomas, President of the summer of 1921, Dr. David Starr the World's Federation of Educational Jordan presiding at its sessions as chair- Associations, Augusta, Maine. It gives man. an outline of the work the Pan-Pacific The Second Pan-PaCific Educational Union has been doing for years in keep- Conference was called by the Pan-Pacif- ing with the ideals of Dr. Jordan's Peace ic Union in cooperation with the Na- Program. tional Education Association of the Dear Dr. Thomas : United States which was issuing a call The Pan-Pacific Union, as you will for a world federation of educational as- recall, is an organization for the promo- sociations to meet in San Francisco dur- tion of international amity, having repre- ing the summer of 1923. The Second sentatives from practically all of the na- Pan-Pacific Educational Conference be- tions bordering on the Pacific, and re- came a regional section of the World ceiving friendly cooperation from these. Conference. The Pan-Pacific Union concerns itself The Pan-Pacific Union and Visual only with matters relative to the Pacific Education for Peace. For some years area. past the Pan-Pacific Union has through It herewith sends its greeting to the its visual Educational Council sought to World Federation of Education Asso- establish around the Pacific a circulating ciations, expressing also its earnest de- library of motion films that would edu- sire continuously to cooperate with the cate the peoples of each Pacific country Federation in every possible way, thus as to their neighbors, their every day in- expanding certain Peace activities of its dustries and mades of work. own in ways approved by the officials of The plan was tried out in Hawaii, the Federation. As a guide in this direc- crowding three times over the motion 14 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN picture houses used on Saturday morn- come inspired with a desire to advance ings for free educational movies for the ideals that will make for good will school children. among all peoples living in and about The library of educational films and "our ocean". lantern slides being gathered by Ithe The Pan-Pacific Union and Interna- Pan-Pacific Union with the cooperation tional Athletic Sports. The Pan-Pacific of a number of the Pacific governments Union has for more than a decade pro- will, it is expected, be circulated through moted plans for a series of athletic the universities, public schools, and, it is games similar to the Olympiad, includ- hoped, by means of the regular motion ing and reviving, however, the athletic picture houses, educate the audiences as games known to the Polynesians, as well to the public events of other Pacific lands as those of Oriental origin and use. than their own, great leaders, and passing For some time the Union has been re- events, showing history as it is made in cipient of communications from ath- Pacific lands. letic organizations urging the formation It is also hoped that use may be made of a clearing-house of information con- of new methods of recording the speak- cerning athletic teams in Pacific lands er's voice on the edge of the film so that wishing to visit and contest with kin- it will synchronize with the movement of dred teams in neighboring lands. It is the lips of the speaker. Educational now taking up these plans along prac- lectures may thus be given to vast audi- tical lines. ences by means of the motion film, and The Pan-Pacific Union and a Bureau even the voice of the translator may now of Conciliation. During the First Pan- be recorded on the celluloid film. Pacific Press Conference called by the The Pan-Pacific Union and Teaching Pan-Pacific Union and held in Honolulu of History for Peace. The Pan-Pacific during the summer of 1921 as a section Union some years ago offered prizes in of the Press Congress of the World, Hawaii and in Japan for the best essays Henry Stead of Australia urged, that by public school and university students America and all other countries be re- on the leading historic event in some quested to establish Ministries of Friend- Pacific land, no contestant to write about ship, to grease the wheels of understand- his own. It is proposed to continue this ing with all peoples. plan from year to year, offering prizes Henry Stead died on his way to Wash- for the best essays on the great heroes ington to urge this at the Arms Con- of Pacific lands other than one's own, ference and left its carrying out as a and on kindred subjects that will compel heritage to the Pan-Pacific Union, which, a study of one's sister countries. in memory of the great Australian jour- The Pan-Pacific Union has been plan- nalist, has created an order of Ministries ning for some time a historic reader con- of Friendship, and hopes to secure the taining something of the history of each adoption of such a program by the gov- Pacific land, this to be translated into ernments of several Pacific countries. It Pacific languages and put before the will urge this and the meetings of such schools as an example of an experiment Ministers of Friendship from time to in good will. A similar book as a geo- time until it is possible to form an official graphical reader is contemplated, and Pan-Pacific Bureau of Conciliation some of the ablest writers on geography backed by the power of the peoples and in the Pacific have promised their coop- governments of Pacific lands. eration. In this way it is hoped that a The Pan-Pacific Union and Military real Pan-Pacific patriotism may be incul- Preparedness. The Pan-Pacific Union cated in the young, so that they may be- has seldom in its conferences heard the PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 15

words "war" and "peace" used by its take the place of insulting criticisms delegates, who have usually gotten to- based on imagined happenings. gether to discover those things on which The Pan-Pacific Union advocates and they might agree unanimously, and they forwards Education in regard to the are many. wonderful potential resources of the Pa- The Pan-Pacific Union might well ad- cific and the lands about the greatest of vocate education in the schools in all oceans, where there is room, opportunity Pacific lands as to the terrible uses to and prosperity for all, if only permanent which chemistry may be put, culminating cooperative effort can be made to crowd in the smothering of races, to the demor- out suspicion. alization and destruction of civilization, The Pan-Pacific Union is participating while if employed in a similar manner for in a plan promulgated by a number of the destruction of insects that destroy college students in several Pacific lands, food crops, it might banish famine for- who have asked the Union to aid them in ever from the world, and create the great- organizing a Pan-Pacific Students' Alli- est aid to peace that has ever been known, ance. They expect to send their orator- a world\ without fear of hunger. ical contestants around the Pacific, and The Pan-Pacific Union has promoted the Union is now seeking to arrange for round-the-Pacific cruises of leaders among some of these round-the-Pacific visits of men of all races, bent on peace- American and other student groups. In ful propaganda, and it has advocated and this way the young of each nation may urged round-the-Pacific air flights, that observe for themselves and compare the peoples of the Pacific might have it notes. brought home to them how near we are The Pan-Pacific Union and War as a to each other. Cosmic Necessity. T h e Pan-Pacific The Union pleads that if vast amounts Union does not believe that war is a cos- of money are to be spent, they had far mic necessity. Henry Cabot Lodge and best be spent by Pacific nations on in- Franklin K. Lane, both workers in the creased food production and distribu- cause of the Pan-Pacific Union, de- tion, this offering the greatest possible clared that in the Pacific where the tradi- insurance against quarrels, far greater tions are traditions of peace, a real work- than the building of destructive imple- ing League of Nations might have its be- ments that fly, float, or remain station- ginning, and the Union is calling to- ary as a threat. In the Pacific might gether the leaders of all good will so- well be tried the experiment of an ocean cieties or organizations in the Pacific to in which all but vessels of commerce discuss a plan for united effort toward are forbidden entrance, if only this were better understanding and a practical plan a world where such an arrangement for some sort of League in the Pacific might be safely guaranteed by Interna- that may bring the countries about the tional Agreement and good faith. greatest of oceans to unite in the ad- The Pan-Pacific Union is urging that vancement of the best interests of more . a purely and truly Pan-Pacific Patriotic than half the population of the globe. Press Association, or comradeship be The Pan-Pacific Union and a Court of formed to encourage the publication of International Justice. The Pan-Pacific pleasant as well as unpleasant truths, and Union is calling a Pan-Pacific Legal Con- especially of the honest good will ex- ference that will sound the fundamental pressions of all Pacific peoples, stimulat- laws of each Pacific country and seek a ing joint national enterprises in the Pacif- means of codifying and unifying these ic for the advancement of its common laws, and especially those that deal with prosperity. Journalistic courtesy should international matters, such as human, 16 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN plant and animal quarantine, the joint and as far as possible, in the formation policing of the Pacific, the protection of and mobilization of groups in the several its acquatic resources, and their develop- Pacific lands to cooperate with and ment for the benefit of mankind. further the aims of the world committee The Pan-Pacific Union and the Gener- on education for peace. al Machinery for International Coopera- That, in particular, it endeavor to tion. The Pan-Pacific Union has unoffi- stimulate and expand in the various cially provided such machinery for more countries bordering on the Pacific cer- than a decade. The time has come to tain hopeful movements already locally take the next step forward. The build- inaugurated, and also work toward initi- ings of the Pan-Pacific Research Insti- ating new efforts in any and all sections. tution in Honolulu are being used as a In this connection, we may call your center for a series of small conferences attention to the following :— on the important and immediate eco- (a) The frequent conferences of Pa- nomic problems of the Pacific. cific leaders in many lines of thought and The leading fishery authorities have action called under the auspices of the met and hope to induce the governments Pan-Pacific Union, have organized the of the Pacific to call or attend a confer- scientists, press-men, commercial bodies, ence at which tentative treaties for the educators, food conservationists, and protection of the aquatic resources of the others, into Pan-Pacific bodies, now Pacific will be prepared and submitted to functioning with their own machinery the Pacific powers for their approval and for calling their special Pan-Pacific signatures. Conferences. (b) The recent revision, by govern- A study of the League of Nations So- mental order in Japan of Japanese his- cieties of the Pacific and of the League tory texts and readers, with the elimi- of Nations will be made at a Pan-Pacific nation of glorification, of violence and Conference called for that purpose. The bloodshed, offers a suggestive point of cooperation of the Pan-American Union, departure. the Pan-Pacific Union, the Asiatic So- (c) From Australia, through Henry cieties and kindred organizations inter- Stead, as already indicated, came what ested in the welfare of Pacific areas, will might have been an effective gesture be sought to bring about an understand- calling for official Ministries of Friend- , ing for united effort in creating some efficient general machinery for forward- ship, an effort abruptly terminated, for the time being, by his death ; ing at least the material interests com- mon to the peoples of the Pacific, the (d) Hawaii, the home of year-around athletic sports, could well take the lead home of more than half the population of in creating what might be called a Pan- the globe, the theatre of the future com- merce of the world, and the meeting Pacific Olympiad, the first only to meet place of the oldest and the newest civili- in Hawaii, the following in other coun- zations, the region named "peaceful," and tries of the Pacific in turn. where the traditions are mainly those of These are merely a few examples in peace and good will among men. point, but as the effort becomes gradu- As a definite contribution to the ally organized in the Pan-Pacific area, present program of the World Feder- hopeful lines of special activity in var- ation of Education Associations, the ious quarters will naturally present Pan-Pacific Union, centering in Hono- themselves. lulu, the Cross-Roads of the Pacific, now Very truly yours, makes the following suggestions :- ALEXANDER HUME FORD, That, in general, it assist, if desired Director, Pan-Pacific Union. ADVERTISING SECTION

THE MID-PACIFIC 1

CANAtri CRAWFORD, Commadar of Ne'Aorang,

M.S. "Aorangi," Queen of the Pacific. From Vancouver via Honolulu, Suva, Auckland to Sydney The Canadian-Australasian Royal Mail Union Steam Ship Co. boats for other line of steamers maintains a regular cruises. four-weekly service by palatial steamers The Niagara of the Canadian-Austra- between the Canadian-Pacific Railway lasian Royal Mail Line is one of the terminus at Vancouver, B. C., and Syd- finest vessels afloat on the Pacific. The ney, Australia, via Honolulu, Suva, Fiji, M.S. "Aorangi," the largest motorship in and Auckland, New Zealand. the world, makes the trip from Vancouver In itself this is a South Sea cruise de to Sydney in about three weeks. Either from Australia or Canada luxe, but at Suva one may rest a bit, there are tempting visits across the Pa- cruise by local steamer among the Fi- cific via the South Sea Islands. From jian Islands, then take a Union Steam Australia this is the richest and most Ship Co. of New Zealand palatial flyer comfortable route to London and the for a visit to Samoa, Tonga, and New European Continent. Zealand, or if the trip by the Canadian- Both the Canadian-Australasian Royal Australasian vessel is continued to Auck- Mail Line and the Union Steam Ship Co. land, here again by the Union Steam Ship of New Zealand have offices in the chief Co. vessels are cruised to every part of cities of the Pacific. In Honolulu, Theo. New Zealand, to the Cook Islands, or to H. Davies & Co., Ltd., are the agents. Tahiti. In fact, one may return by The steamers of these lines are famous these steamers to San Francisco via for their red smokestacks. In fact, this Papeete, Tahiti, with a stop-over at the affiliated company is known as the Red famous French possession. Funnel Line. The red funnel is familiar If the trip from Vancouver is con- in every port of Australia and the tinued to its terminus, Sydney, here South Seas, to say nothing of California again one may secure bookings on the and Pacific Canada. ADVT. 2 THE MID-PACIFIC

AROUND ABOUT HONOLULU

The Moana Hotel at Waikiki

The Territorial Hotel Company, Ltd., The City Transfer Company at 833 maintains the splendid tourist hotel at Nuuanu Street has its motor trucks Waikiki Beach, the Moana, facing the meet all incoming steamers and it surf, as well as the Seaside family gathers baggage from every part of the hotel nearby. Down town it conducts city for delivery to the out-going the world-known Alexander Young steamers. This company receives and Hotel. puts in storage, until needed, excess bag- gage of visitors to Honolulu and finds The Honolulu Rapid Transit Co. many ways to serve its patrons. maintains an electric train system to practically every portion of the city. The Honolulu Motor Coach Co., The cars pass all of the hotels, so that Ltd., has brought Schofield Barracks visitors may reach the city, mountains, within hourly service of Honolulu. or the beach by the commodious open The busses leave on schedule time cars of the company, from which there from the office in the yard of the is an ever-moving panorama of moun- Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. on Hotel tain, sea, and valley, besides visions of Street, stopping at the Young Hotel. the loveliest city in the Pacific. These spacious safety coaches are Ishii's Gardens, Pan-Pacific Park, on splendidly equipped and travelers enjoy every comfort and security during the Kuakini street, near Nuuanu avenue, delightful ride. Round the island and constitute one of the finest Japanese tea other trips can be arranged by calling gardens imaginable. Here some wonder- phone 3666. ful Japanese dinners are served, and visitors are welcomed to the gardens at The Oahu Ice & Cold Storage Com- all times. Adjoining these gardens are pany has spacious buildings at Hustace the wonderful Liliuokalani gardens and and Cooke streets. It receives all kinds the series of waterfalls. Phone 5611. of fruits, meats and vegetables, where they may be kept in perfect condition The Sweet Shop, 172 South Hotel for months at negligible cost and always Street, is the one reasonably priced tour- ready to be drawn upon. This Com- ist restaurant. Send us $1.50, in stamps pany has erected buildings for its cold or cash, and we will mail you a box of storage service that are a credit to any that novel and delicious confection, Ha- city and are well worth a visit. Tele- waiian Glace Pineapple. phone No. 6131.

ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 3 THE CONTINENT OF AUSTRALIA Sixty million people living at the more than seven thousand feet in Anglo-Saxon standard of existence height, on the slopes of which in win- might find happy homes on the ocean ter all Australia goes skiing; and in fringe of the great island continent of summer the adjacent streams provide Australia. trout fishing equal to any in the world. Within a comparatively few miles of Victoria is perhaps the garden state the ocean which every Anglo-Saxon of Australia and here is located the loves, Australia has a wealth of re- present seat of government, Melbourne sources and scenery equal to that of the magnificent. Victoria has her famed

Every Australian state has its mountain scenery. any country in the world. This is the mountain and seaside resorts, as has wool, wheat and cattle country par ex- South Australia, the adjoining state, cellence. Here grow trees that marvel with Adelaide the beautiful as its in height those of the giant groves of capital. From this city to Perth, the California. In Queensland to the north capital of West Australia, more than is a vast natural hothouse where every two thousand miles distant, is a straight- fruit of the tropics may be grown. away track almost without a curve, and From Sydney, a city of a million, from the train may sometimes be seen now building the world's greatest the Australian aboriginal and his boom- bridge across its incomparable harbor, it erang in action. is but sixty miles by rail or motor to Tasmania, Australia's island state, is the wondrous Blue Mountains, in which reached by steamers from Sydney, Mel- the world's greatest limestone caverns bourne and New Zealand ports. It is and Jenolan. Caves are to be found. the apple and fruit orchard of the southern hemisphere, and about Hobart, In New South Wales also is Mt. its capital, is some of the finest moun- Kosciusko, Australia's highest peak, tain and forest scenery ADVT. 4 THE MID-PACIFIC Home Hotels in Honolulu

where bathing is ideal. It is but twenty minutes from the business center of Ho- nolulu by street car, which runs in front of the door. Rates are by the day, or special rates for room and board by the month. The Roselawn at 1366 South King street, also on the car line, is under the same management. Gray's by the Sea is one of the most delightful estates facing the surf at Waikiki, a desirable family hotel in tropical surroundings. Cottages for two, The Halekulani Hotel and Bunga- three or four may be had at moderate lows, 2199 Kalia Road, "on the Beach prices, with the very best of sea bath- at Waikiki." Famous hau tree lanai ing right at the door. Tourists as well along the ocean front. Rates, from $4.00 as permanent guests receive a cordial per day to $100.00 per month and up, welcome. La Vancha M. Gray, pro- American plan. Clifford Kimball. prietor. At Child's Blaisdell Hotel and Restau- Vida Villa Hotel and cottages are on rant, at Fort Street and Chaplain Lane, the King street car line above Thomas Child's Hotels and Apartment Service Square. This is the ideal location for accommodations are masters at getting those who go to the city in the morn- you settled in real home-like style. If you ing and to the beach or golfing in the wish to live in town there is the Child's afternoon. The grounds are spacious Blaisdell Hotel in the very heart of the and the rates reasonable. This hotel has city, with the palm garden restaurant been under the same management for a where everything is served from a sand- score of years, which speaks for itself. wich to an elegant six-course dinner. Both transient tourists and permanent Then on one of the choice spots of guests are welcomed. Waikiki Beach there is Child's Pierpoint The MacDonald Hotel is a stately Hotel, American plan—and the Child mansion surrounded by cottages amid Marigold Apartments, which are com- sub-tropical foliage. It is located at pletely furnished little beach homes in 1402 Punahou Street in the great resi- themselves. dence district of Honolulu. There are The Donna Hotel, 1286 S. Beretania, tennis courts on the grounds, and the is delightfully situated within ten min- transient as well as the permanent resi- utes' ride from the center of Honolulu. dent has here all the comforts of home Here, amidst the surroundings of a sub- at the reasonable rates of $3 a day or tropical park, one may enjoy all the $65 a month. The guests enjoy deli- comforts of home. The rooms in the cious home-cooked meals, which are also main buildings or in one of the attrac- served to outsiders. This hotel is near tive screened cottages are cheery, well- Central Union Church and Oahu Col- furnished, and have hot and cold run- lege. ning water. The delicious home cooked The Colonial Hotel and cottages on meals are served at little cozy tables Emma street are in the midst of a de- which are grouped about an artistical- lightful residence park district, on the ly decorated open lanai. Permanent car line, but within a moment's walk rates are $65 a month or $3.00 a day of the business center of the city. An and up. excellent cuisine under skilled direction The Roselawn Annex at 2517 Kala- is maintained. Historic Honolulu is kaua Road occupies the most ideal sit- also but a moment's walk from the uation at Waikiki Beach, overlooking Colonial, and it is but a brief stroll to the sea and adjoining the sandy beach the hills. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 5 WONDERFUL NEW ZEALAND

Scenically New Zealand is the world's wonderland. There is no other place in the world that offers such an aggrega- tion of stupendous scenic wonders. The West Coast Sounds of New Zealand are in every way more magnificent and awe- inspiring than are the fjords of Norway. New Zealand was the first country to perfect the government tourist bureau. She has built hotels and rest houses throughout the Dominion for the bene- fit of the tourist. New Zealand is splen- didly served by the Government Rail- ways, which sell the tourist for a very low rate, a ticket that entitles him to travel on any of the railways for from one to two months. Direct information may be secured by writing to the New Zealand Department of Tourist and Health Resorts, Wellington, New Zea- land. An ancient Maori stockade

SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY

South Manchuria Railway Company Cheap Overland Tours

Travellers and Tourists journeying Modern Hotels under the Company's between Tokyo and Peking should management are established on foreign travel via the South Manchuria Rail- lines at Mukden, Changchun, Port Ar- way, which runs from Antung to Muk- den and passes through magnificent thur, Dairen and Hoshigaura (Star scenery. At Mukden the line connects Beach). with the Peking Mukden Line and the Illustrated booklets and all informa- Mail line of the South Manchuria Rail- tion post free on request from the South way, running from Dairen to Chang- chun where connection is made with Manchuria Railway Company. the Chinese Eastern Railway for Har- bin. DAIREN Branch Offices : Tokyo, Osaka, Shi- The ordinary daily trains have sleep- ing accommodation. Steamer connec- monoseki, Shanghai, Peking, Harbin tions between Dairen, Tsingtao and and New York. Shanghai by the Dairen Kisen Kaisha's Cable Address : "MANTETSU" or excellent passenger and mail steamers. Wireless telegraphy and qualified doc- "SMRCO." CODES : A.B.C. 5th, 6th !.ors on board. Ed., Al., Lieber's and Bentley's. ADVT. 6 THE MID-PACIFIC

LEADING AUTOMOBILES IN HAWAII

The P. M. Pond Company, with spa- The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd., Im- cious quarters on Beretania and Alapai porters, Machinery Merchants, and lead- streets, act as distributors of the sturdy, ing automobile dealers, have their offices low-priced car for the tropics, of the and store in the Alexander Young finest quality, the Studebaker Standard Building, at the corner of King and Six Duplex Phaeton, the most powerful Bishop streets, and their magnificent car for its size and weight, with roller automobile salesroom and garage just side enclosures giving protection in in the rear, facing on Alakea Street. stormy weather by a move of the hand. Here one may find almost anything. The cash price of this exclusive car in Phone No. 6141. Honolulu is $1,485.00. The Royal Hawaiian Sales Co., with The Universal Motor Co., Ltd., agencies in Honolulu, Hilo and Wailuku, with has its spacious headquarters on Hotel spacious new buildings at 444 S. Bere- and Alakea streets, Honolulu. This tania street, Phone 2397, is agent for company is agent for the Oldsmobile the Ford car. All spare parts are kept Six, a perfectly balanced six-cylinder in stock and statements of cost of re- car, sold in Honolulu at $1,135, giving pairs and replacements are given in ad- vance so that you know just what the the highest kind of service at a very amount will be. The Ford is in a class moderate price. The Royal Hawaiian by itself. The most economical and Sales Co. is also the agency for the least expensive motor car in the world. famous Chevrolet, the lowest-priced of all real automobiles. The Graystone Garage, Ltd., The Schuman Carriage Co., at Bere- besides tania and Punchbowl streets, is agent handling the Ford car, is agent for the for several exclusive cars : the Paige, Essex car, Honolulu price $1,105, and the most beautiful car in America ; the the Hudson Super-Six, Honolulu price Jewett, "in all the world no car like $1,575. The Hudson-Essex is now the this"; the Willys-Knight, a marvel of largest selling six-cylinder car in the engineering in every detail, and the world. On the island of Maui the Schu- Overland, with bigger engine, bigger man Carriage Co. is represented at Wai- power, bigger comfort and bigger value luku by the Maui Motors Co., and on than any. All of these cars may be seen Kauai by the Garden Island Motor Co., and examined at the spacious ware- Lihue. rooms. The Hupmobile, The Chrysler Four fours and eights, is and Six Cylinder represented in Honolulu by Burgess & Cars, the culmination of all past ex- Johnson, Ltd., 237-243 S. Beretania periences in building automobiles, is Street. This is the first time Hupmo- represented in Hawaii by the Honolulu bile has made a Six Cylinder and the Motors, Ltd., 85o S. Beretania street. motor-car buying public should see this The prices of Four Cylinder Cars range car before making a decision on anoth- from $1200 to $1445 and those of the er make of car in its class. This firm Six from $1745 to $2500. The Chryslers also represents the Pierce-Arrow Motor are meeting with remarkable sales rec- Car Co. and the Reo Motor Car Co. In ords as a distinct departure in motor cars. tires they find Mohawk Heavy-Duty Cords go farther.

ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 7

The Lewers & Cooke schooner "Alice Cooke" unloading lumber. Lewers & Cooke, Limited, have, since They are also agents for many build- 1852, been headquarters for all varieties ing specialties, Celotex, Colormix, Bish- of building material, lumber, hollow opric Stucco, corrugated Zinc, Los tile, cement, brick, hardwoods, oak Angeles Pressed Brick Company prod- flooring ; as well as tools of the leading ucts and architectural Terra Cotta, manufacturers, wall papers, Armstrong United States Metal Products Company linoleums, domestic and oriental rugs, Steel Windows, the Kawneer Company and the superior paints made by W. P. line, and prepared roofings and roofing Fuller & Co. tile. OAHU RAILWAY AND LAND COMPANY I

Loading sugar cane on one of the plantations on the line of the Oahu Railway—the scenic route around the island from Honolulu. ADVT. 8 THE MID-PACIFIC MODERN BANKING IN HONOLULU The Bank of Hawaii, Limited, incor- The bank was established in 1858, and porated in 1897, has reflected the solid, has recently moved into its own build- substantial growth of the islands since ing, the most modern in Hawaii, on the period of annexation to the United Bishop St., Honolulu. States. Over this period its resources The bank has a capital, fully paid, of have grown to be the largest of any $1,000,000, with a surplus fund and un- financial institution in the islands. In divided profits of $1,023,445.61. The 1899 a savings department was added deposits on December 31, 1925, were to its other banking facilities. Its home $18,450,244.55. The total resources of business office is at the corner of Fort the bank on that date were $22,129,- and Merchant streets, and it maintains 888.21. branches on the islands of Hawaii, The Bishop Trust Company, Limited, Kauai, and Oahu, enabling it to give to is one of the oldest and largest Trust the public an extremely efficient Bank- Companies in Hawaii. It now shares ing Service. It will shortly erect on with the Bishop Bank its new home on Bishop street, opposite the Alexander Bishop, King and Merchant Sts., known Young Hotel, a new bank building to as the S. M. Damon Building, jointly become its permanent home. owned and occupied by the Bishop The First National Bank of Hawaii Trust Company, Ltd., and the Bank of demonstrates the many ways in which Bishop & Co., Ltd. One of the many a bank can serve. For many years it attractive features of its new quarters has conducted its business at Fort and is the Safe Deposit Vaults which are King streets ; it will soon, however, the largest, strongest and most conve- move to its own building, one of the nient in the Territory. architectural splendors of Honolulu, on Bishop street, and here, both the First The International Trust Company, National Bank of Hawaii and the First with offices on Merchant street, is, as American Savings & Trust Company of its name indicates, a really Pan-Pacific Hawaii, Ltd., closely affiliated with the financial organization, with leading First National Bank and functioning as American and Oriental business men savings bank, will continue their grow- conducting its affairs. Its capital stock ing business in a home built to meet is $200,000 with resources of over :heir exact requirements. $300,000. It also conducts a real estate It was less than four months after Department. Hawaii became a territory of the United The Union Trust Company, Ltd., oc- States that the First National Bank of cupying a building on Alakea street, be- Hawaii opened its doors. During the tween Hotel and King (1025 Alakea war the First National Bank played a street), was incorporated in 1921, en- prominent part in furthering the inter- gages in all lines of trust business, and ests of the government in the various as agents for individuals, firms and cor- Liberty Loan drives and thrift cam- porations, invites correspondence. Its paigns in which its President, Mr. L. resources are well over a million. Tenney Peck, served as chairman of the Territorial Central Committee. The Pacific Trust Company, Ltd., in The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd., the Honolulu, and the Baldwin Bank, Ltd., oldest bank in the Hawaiian Islands, Kahului and Wailuku, Maui, are allied conducts a general banking business, institutions. Combined, they own assets paying special attention to the needs of worth over three and a half million dol- visitors. It has correspondents in all lars. The Pacific Trust Company has the principal cities of the world, and its offices at 180 Merchant street and through them and its exceptional local does a growing business under the care- equipment can handle any business, for- ful management of a band of Honolulu's eign or domestic, entrusted to it. leading business men. AD VT. THE MID-PACIFIC 9

THE KING OF FRUITS Canned Hawaiian pineapple is eaten same sunny Hawaiian plantations— today in pratically every part of the picked only when thoroughly ripe and world. And each year its use is be- packed immediately by the same care- coming greater, evidenced by the sta- ful sanitary methods. tistics which show a pack in 1901 Hawaiian Pineapple, canned and amounting to 2000 cases increase to served in delicious desserts, salads and the present pack of nearly 6,000,000 refreshing drinks, is now a standard cases. fruit in the American home. Its match- less flavor is due to unusually favorable The Hawaiian pineapple which was soil and climate and to speedy packing originally canned only in sliced pieces, facilities. This valuable food, rich it is now put up also in a crushed form vitamines, is available in either sliced of to facilitate its use in serving and crushed form, in cans of various sizes cooking. to suit the housewife's convenience. Crushed Hawaiian pineapple is iden- For recipe book address Association tical with sliced pineapple in both qual- of Hawaiian Pineapple Canners, P. 0. ity and flavor. It is grown on the Box 3166, Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A.

FERTILIZING THE SOIL Millions of dollars are spent in Hawaii fertilizing the cane and pineapple fields. The Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Com- pany, with large works and warehouses in Honolulu, imports from every part of the Globe the many ship loads of ammonia, nitrates, potash, sulphur and guano that go to make the special fertilizers needed for the varied soils and conditions of the isl- ands. Its chemists test the soils and then give the recipe for the particular blend of fertilizer that is needed, This great industry is one of the results of successful sugar planting in Hawaii, and without fertilizing, sugar growing in the Hawaiian Islands could not be successful. This company began operations in Mid- way Islands years ago, finally exhausting its guano beds, but securing others. 10 THE MID-PACIFIC Banking and Business in Honolulu

The Hawaiian Trust Company, Lim- ited, spacious quarters occupied by the Henry of Honolulu, is the oldest and larg- Waterhouse Trust Co., Ltd., are on the est trust company in the Territory of corner of Fort and Merchant streets. Hawaii. How successful it has become may be gathered from the fact that it The Honolulu Gas Company has been has real and personal property under the pioneer in heating and in lighting its control and management with ap- the city. Honolulu is now a city of proximate value of $40,000,000. Trust nearly a hundred thousand population companies in Hawaii are not permitted and more than ever the people of the to transact commercial banking business city cook with gas. The mains and and their financial resources therefore pipes have been laid even in the out- do not loom up commensurate with lying districts so that the Honolulu Gas trust figures. The resources of this Company helps the city to grow. organization as of June 30th, amounted The main office of this company is on to $2,934,662, with capital of $1,250,000; Hotel Street near Fort, with extensive surplus, $750,000 ; special reserve, $45,- warehouses and repair shops in other 000, and undivided profits of $91,576, parts of the city. Gas is less expensive making total capitalization of $2,136,- in Honolulu than in almost any other 576. E. D. Tenney is chairman and city of its size in America. The gas is president and J. R. Galt is senior vice- president and manager. made from oil brought from California and develops splendid lighting and heat- The Liberty Investment Company, ing qualities. Ltd., at 942 Bethel Street, does a busi- A monument to the pluck and energy ness in real estate, insurance loans and of Mr. C. K. Ai and his associates is the investments. It has successfully handled City Mill Company, of which he is some of the choicest divisions in Hawaii, treasurer and manager. This plant at including beautiful seaside coconut groves Queen and Kekaulike streets is one of that have been cut up into choice build- Honolulu's leading enterprises, doing a ing lots as well as city tracts that have flourishing lumber and mill business. been transformed into new residence areas for those who wish to own their The Hub Clothing House, at 79 own homes at a moderate price. S. Hotel Street, is just around the corner from Fort Street and in the bus- The Trent Trust Company, with spa- iest portion of the city. Quick sales cious offices on Fort street, grew from make it possible to dispose of the con- the real estate and general agency busi- stantly arriving stock of men's clothing ness established in 1904 by Richard H. and apparel at the lowest prices in the Trent, known as the Trent Company. city for the high class gentlemen's wear. It was incorporated in 1907 under its present name. With it is closely asso- The Metropolitan Meat Market on ciated the Mutual Building and Loan King street, near Fort, is the most com- Society, which promotes and finances pletely equipped meat market in the the building of homes. Territory of Hawaii, and the most sani- tary. It occupies its own building, The Henry Waterhouse Trust Co., Ltd., which is built and equipped on suc- was established in 1897 by Henry cessful principles of sanitation. Its Waterhouse, son of a pioneer, incor- splendid in,..sats are carefully selected porated under the present name in 1902, and supplied by the Hawaii Meat Mr. Robert Shingle becoming president, Company, which operates its own cattle and Mr. A. N. Campbell treasurer of steamers between the islands, so that the corporation. The company now has fresh and perfectly fed beef is always a paid-up capital of $200,000 and a sur- on the counters, under glass, at the plus of an almost equal amount. The Anrr. Metropolitan Meat Market. THE MID-PACIFIC 11

The Home Building in Honolulu of the American Factors, Ltd., Plantation Agents and Wholesale Merchants.

Tasseled sugar cane almost ready for the cutting and crushing at the mills.

AD VT. 12 THE MID-PACIFIC ON FASHIONABLE FORT STREET

The commodious and palatial sales- ering, a Weber for your mansion, or a rooms of Jeffs Fashion Co., Incorpor- tiny upright Boudoir for your cottage ; ated, Honolulu's leading establishment and if you are a transient it will rent for women who set the pace in modern you a piano. The Bergstrom Music dress, is at the Mauka (Mountainward) Company, phone 2321. Ewa corner of Fort and Beretania Streets, where all cars pass. This is The Sonora Shop, 1158 Fort Street, the head and beginning of Honolulu's handles high grade pianos and Sonora great shopping area on Fort Street. At Phonographs, together with a full line of Victor, Vocalion and Odeon Records "Jeffs" the fashions in women's dress by the best orchestras in Europe ; but in Honolulu are set, and here the tourist its specialty is the new Pathex Motion and visitor may outfit and be sure of Picture Camera and Projector. The appearing in the latest styles. Pathex Camera takes motion pictures Diagonally across the street from just as easily and at no greater cost "Jeffs" is The Hawaii Photo Mate- than taking photographs, and you can rials Co., the home of the "Brownie screen them in your own home with Camera," and every supply in films and your Pathex Projector. Camera and photographs which the purchaser can Projector complete with tripod and car- conceive. Here may be secured the rying case, $102.50. wonderful color photos of Hawaii that The Bailey Furniture Co., Ltd., are have made the islands famous. now displaying at their store, 118o Fort The Office Supply Co., Ltd., on Fort Street, the finest line of furniture and street near King, is as its name denotes, draperies that Honolulu has ever seen. the perfectly equipped store where every Their drapery department is under the kind of office furniture and supplies able management of Mr. Moreido. He is are on display. This is the home of a master Interior Decorator and is al- the Remington typewriter and of type- ways pleased to submit plans for mak- writer repairing. Offices are completely ing your home "A Better Home." The outfitted at quickest notice. The Com- famous Nachman Mattress is also a fea- pany also maintains an up-to-date com- ture of this store. Try a Nachman for pletely stocked sporting goods depart- better sleep. ment. The "Flower Shop," at 1120 Fort There is one East Indian Store in Ho- Street, is Honolulu's leading floral es- nolulu, and it has grown to occupy spa- tablishment. It is a complete palace cious quarters on Fort Street, No. 1150 of flowers and well worth a visit, or you Fort, Phone No. 2571. This is the head- may call No. 2690 and have the choicest quarters for Oriental and East Indian flowers sent to departing friends on the curios as well as of Philippine embroid- boat, or to acquaintances at home or in eries, home-made laces, Manila hats, the hotels, or to weddings or funerals. Oriental silks, pongees, carved ivories The choicest gardens in Hawaii supply and Indian brass ware. An hour may "The Flower Shop," and any flowers well be spent in this East Indian Bazaar grown in the islands may be ordered. examining the art wares of Oriental E. O. Hall & Son, Hawaii's oldest beauty. and most reliable establishment, carries Bergstrom Music Company, the lead- a large selection of golf and sporting ing music store in Hawaii, is on King goods, athletic outfitting, general hard- and Fort streets. No home is complete ware, household goods, and are distribu- in Honolulu without an ukulele, a piano tors for the Sherwin-Williams line of and a Victor talking machine. The paints. Their fishing tackle department carries a very fine line of deep sea rods, Bergstrom Music Company, with its big reels and lines of the finest manufac- store on Fort street, will provide you ture. The big retail store is at the with these. —a Mason & Hamlin, a Chick- corner of Fort and Merchant Streets. AD VT. THE MID-PACIFIC 13 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN

A canefield in Hawaii years ago when the ox team was in use. The firm of Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., Union Insurance Society of Canton, (known by everyone as "A. & B.") is Ltd., New Zealand Insurance Co., Ltd., looked upon as one of the most progres- Switzerland Marine Insurance Co. sive American corporations in Hawaii. The officers of this large and progres- Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., are agents sive firm, all of whom are staunch sup- for the largest sugar plantations of the porters of the Pan-Pacific and other Hawaiian Islands and second largest in movements which are for the good of the world, namely, the Hawaiian Com- Hawaii, are as follows : mercial & Sugar Company at Puunene, Officers : W. M. Alexander, President ; Maui. They are also agents for many H. A. Baldwin, Vice-President ; J. other plantations and concerns of the Waterhouse, Vice-President ; W. 0. Islands, among which are the Maui Smith, Vice-President ; C. R. Hemen- Agricultural Company, Ltd., Hawaiian way, Vice-President ; J. P. Cooke, Treas- Sugar Company, McBryde Sugar Com- urer ; R. T. Rolph, Assistant-Treasur- pany, Ltd., Kahului Railroad Company, er ; R. G. Bell, Assistant-Treasurer ; R. Kauai Railway Company, Ltd., Baldwin E. Mist, Secretary ; D. L. Olsen., As- Packers, Ltd., Kauai Fruit & Land sistant-Secretary ; G. G. Kinney, Audit Company, Ltd., Haleakala Ranch Co., or. Directors : W. M. Alexander, H. and Ulupalakua Ranch, Ltd. A. Baldwin, J. Waterhouse, W. 0. In addition to their extensive sugar Smith, C. R. Hemenway, F. F. Bald- plantations, they are also agents for the win, J. R. Galt, H. K. Castle, E. R. following well-known and strong in- Adams, R. T. Rolph, S. S. Peck, J. P. surance companies : American Alliance Winne, J. P. Cooke. Insurance Association, Ltd., Common- Besides the home office in the Stan- wealth Insurance Company, Home In- genwald Building, Honolulu, Alexander surance Company of New York, Newark & Baldwin, Ltd., maintain offices in Fire Insurance Company, Springfield Seattle, in the Melhorn Building and in Fire and Marine Insurance Company, the Matson Building, San Francisco. AM T. 14 TILIF, MID-PACIFIC INFORMATION ON HAWAII Honolulu Paper Company, successor Love's Hawaiian Fruit Cake is the to "The Hawaiian News Co.," deals output of Love's Bakery in Honolulu. in Books of Hawaii. At Honolu- Its fame extends around the world. lulu's largest and most fashionable book Made of Hawaiian fresh tropical fruit store, in the Alexander Young Building, it has a distinctive flavor that recalls all the latest books may be secured, es- the papaias, mangoes, guavas, and pine- pecially those dealing with Hawaii. apples that it contains. It is mailed in Here the ultra-fashionable stationery five pound tins at $6.50 domestic and of the latest design is always kept in $7.50 foreign purchasers. stock together with the Royal and Co- The Honolulu Dairymen's Associa- rona typewriters, Marchant calculators tion supplies the pure milk used for and Sundstrand Adding Machines. children and adults in Honolulu. It Here, also, music lovers will find a also supplies the city with ice cream home for a complete line of musical for desserts. Its main office is in the Purity Inn at Beretania and Keeaumoku instruments, including the Edison Pho- streets. The milk of the Honolulu nograph and records. Dairymen's Association is pure, it is This store is one of the show places rich, and it is pasteurized. The Asso- of Hawaii in the very center of the ciation has had the experience of more great shopping district. than a generation, and it has called upon science in perfecting its plant and The Hawaii and South Sea its methods of handling milk and de- Curio Store on Bishop street, livering it in sealed bottles to its cus- in the Young Hotel is the tomers. largest and most var- ied curio store in Hawaii. Stevedoring in Honolulu is attended It is open day and night, con- to by the firm of McCabe, Hamilton and venient to visitors, and has Renny Co., Ltd., 20 South Queen Street. branches in both the Alex- Men of almost every Pacific race are ander Young Hotel and in the Moana employed by this firm, and the men of Hotel at Waikiki. each race seem fitted for some particular part of the work, so that quick and effi- Sharp Signs have been known for cient is the loading and unloading of half a century in Hawaii. "Tom" vessels in Honolulu. Sharp, as he is lovingly known to his Brown's Shoe Repairing Store on thousands of friends, is an artist of no Union, off Hotel street, is the one abso- mean order, and has done many paint lutely responsible place of its kind in ings in oils that have been used for Honolulu. Mr. Brown, a shoe man of a advertising purposes. What more nat- quarter of a century's experience, is in ural than that "Tom" Sharp should be personal charge and is known to all of elected president of the "Ad" Club of Honolulu's leading residents and to Honolulu. Every kind of sign is visitors who have need of shoe repair- painted, built, or manufactured in the ing. work shop of Tom Sharp at Punchbowl and Beretania streets. The Axtel Fence & Construction Co., Ltd., has an office at 2015 S. King St., The Island Curio Company, at 170 Honolulu. Wm. Weinrich is Treasurer Hotel street, opposite the Alexander and Manager, and Raymond C. Axtell Young Hotel, is the home of Hawaiian Secretary. The firm acts as fence curios, stamps, coins, souvenirs and post builders, contractors and importers. It cards. This spacious art store is well has had an enviable career in Honolulu worth a visit. of many years' standing. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 15

CASTLE & COOKE

The Matson Navigation Company, of the Hawaiian Islands. It acts as agent maintaining the premier ferry service for some of the most productive plan- between Honolulu and San Francisco, tations in the whole territory and has have their Hawaiian agencies with been marked by its progressive methods Castle & Cooke, Ltd., and here may be and all work connected with sugar pro- secured much varied information. Here duction in Hawaii. It occupies a spa- also the tourist may secure in the folder cious building at the corner of Fort and racks, booklets and pamphlets descrip- Merchant streets, Honolulu. The ground tive of almost every part of the great floor is used as local passenger and ocean. freight offices of the Matson Navigation Castle & Cooke, Ltd., is one of the Company. The adjoining offices are oldest and most reliable firms in Hono- used by the firm for their business as lulu. It was founded in the early pioneer sugar factors and insurance agents ; days and has been a part of the history Phone 1251.

C. BREWER & COMPANY

C. Brewer & Company, Limited, Honolulu, with a capital stock of $8,000,000, was established in 1826. It represents the following Sugar Plantations: Olowalu Company, Hilo Sugar Company, Hawaii Mill Company, Onomea Sugar Company, Honomu Sugar Company, Wailuku Sugar Company, Pepeekeo Sugar Company, Waimanalo Sugar Company, Haka- lau Plantation Company, Honolulu Plantation Company, Hawaiian Agricultural Company, Kilauea Sugar Plantation Company, Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company, Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Company; as well as the Oceanic Steamship Company, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Kapapala Ranch, and all kinds of insurance. ADVT. 16 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Honolulu Construction & Draying Co., Ltd., Bishop and Halekauwila Sts., Phone 4981, dealers in crushed stone, cement, cement pipe, brick, stone tile, and explosives, have the largest and best equipped draying and storage company in the Islands, and are prepared to handle anything from the smallest package to pieces weighing up to forty tons. The Waterhouse Co., Ltd., in the The Thayer Piano Co., Ltd., at 148 Alexander Young Building, on Bishop Hotel St., is "Honolulu's grand piano street, make office equipment their spe- headquarters." On Hotel St. facing cialty, being the sole distributor for the Bishop, the business block of Honolulu, National Cash Register Co., the Bur- it is convenient to all. Here may be roughs Adding Machine, the Art Metal tested the Steinway and other makes Construction Co., the York Safe and of pianos, as well as the "Piano Play- Lock Company and the Underwood ers." The company is agent for the Typewriter Co. They carry in stock all kinds of steel desks and other equip- Brunswick Phonograph with its superb ment for the office, so that one might records, as well as the Victor rec- at a day's notice furnish his office safe ords. A visit to this music store is against fire and all kinds of insects. worth while. Allen & Robinson on Queen Street, Honolulu is so healthy that people phone 5705, have for generations sup- don't usually die there, but when they do plied the people of Honolulu and those they phone in advance to Henry H. Wil- on the other islands with the wood that liams, 1374 Nuuanu St., phone number is used for building in Hawaii ; also 1408, and he arranges the after details. their paints. Their office is on Queen If you are a tourist and wish to be inter- Street, near the Inter-Island S. N. Com- red in your own plot on the mainland, pany Building, and their lumber yards Williams will embalm you ; or he will ar- extend right back to the harbor front, range all details for interment in Hono- where every kind of hard and soft wood lulu. Don't leave the Paradise of the grown on the coast is landed by the Pacific for any other, but if you must, let schooners that ply from Puget Sound. your friends talk it over with Williams. ADNf. THE MID-PACIFIC 17

Honolulu as Advertised

The Liberty House, Hawaii's pioneer dry goods store, established in 1850; it has grown apace with the times until today it is an institution of service rivaling the most progressive mainland establishments in the matter of its merchandising policies and business efficiency

The Charles R. Frazier Co., advertis- The Honolulu Advertiser is Hawaii's ing agents in the Kauikeolani Building on oldest newspaper and maintains a job de- partment that has been built up with King Street, is perhaps the best known seventy years of effort of experience be- agency of this kind in the Pacific. Oper- hind it. The Honolulu Advertiser gets ating throughout Hawaii as well as in the out all kinds of half-tone and color work, Orient and on the mainland, the Charles prints books and publishes a number of R. Frazier Co. has been known for two periodicals. The leading morning news- decades among those who advertise or paper of Hawaii, it holds a unique posi- who read advertisements. tion. The Honolulu Business College, at The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 125 1176 Fort Street, trains men and women Merchant Street, prints in its job depart- for business careers, having both day and ment the Mid-Pacific Magazine, and that night classes. It fits young people for speaks for itself. The Honolulu Star- responsible positions, giving a full com- mercial course in stenography and type- Bulletin, Ltd., conducts a complete com- writing. The Honolulu Business College mercial printing plant, where all the de- provides for success and is a first-class tails of printing manufacture are per- insurance against distress and the day of formed. It issues Hawaii's leading even- misfortune. The college was founded by ing newspaper and publishes many elabor- Mrs. A. N. Lincoln, a member of the ate editions of books. Chamber of Commerce. AD VT. 18 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Architects and Engineers of Hawaii

The Architects Society of Hawaii has owner. The main offices are in the Yoko- organized, that the people of the Territory hama Specie Bank Building, with its mill may be kept informed as to what the archi- and factory at South Street. Many of tects established in Hawaii have done, the leading business buildings in Hono- what they are capable of doing, and why lulu have been constructed under the di- employment of their services should be rection of the Pacific Engineering Com- profitable to those who build in Hawaii. pany. Examples of the work of Honolulu architects may be seen in the city and Wright, Harvey & Wright, engineers throughout the islands. Call 4476 or 4468 in the Damon Building, have a branch for a list of residences and commercial office and blue print shop at 855 Kaahu- buildings designed and decorated by local manu Street. This firm does a general architects and see for yourself what they surveying and engineering business, and are doing. has information pertaining to practically The architects of Hawaii are sincere in all lands in the group, as this firm has their stand that the difference between a done an immense amount of work house and a home is decoration. Four throughout the islands. The blue print walls and a roof make a house. When department turns out more than fifty per they are arranged and augmented in a cent of the blueprinting done in Honolulu. decorative way that subtlely expresses the Walker & Howland; with offices in the personality of the family, they become a new First National Bank Building on home. King and Bishop streets, are chiefly fire Architects in Honolulu become ac- protection engineers. They represent quainted with you. They can and will Grinnell Company of the Pacific, with its consult with you on every development of main offices in Los Angeles, this firm pro- the house that is to be your home, not ducing automatic sprinklers, pipes, valves, only in its larger phases, which make it and fittings, needed in architectural engin- suitable to the island climate and habits of eering work, and suited to a climate that life, but in its decorative features. has no winter and is ever gentle spring. Many of the finest residences and busi- ness and public buildings in Hawaii are Lewis Abshire, consulting engineer in the creation of those who constitute the the Lincoln Building, is developing much Architects Society of Hawaii. They will needed lines of work in connection with be glad to meet you, and in formation re- landscape engineering, construction, and garding the society may be had by phon- surveying, as well as building. The office ing to 4468 or 4476. is at 178 South King Street, room 2 Lib- In the Architects Society of Hawaii erty Building, telephone 2453, with 79311 are Herbert Cohen, Damon Bldg-. ; Davis as a home number. With his past experi- & Fishbourne, Boston Bldg. ; C. W. ence of many years in Honolulu, Mr. Ab- Dickey, Damon Bldg. ; Emory & Webb, shire is well acquainted with local condi- James Campbell Bldg. ; Furer & Potter, tions and needs in building in Hawaii. Hawaiian Trust Bldg. ; Rothwell, Kan- geter & Lester, 82 Merchant St. ; Hart The J. L. Young Engineering Co., Wood, Castle & Cooke Bldg. Ltd,, acts as consulting engineers and contractors, with offices at Kawaihao and The Pacific Engineering Company, King Streets,—telephone 2842 and 6247. Ltd., construction engineers and general J. L. Young is president and general contractors, is splendidly equipped to manager. The firm has a long career of handle all types of building construction, successful building for the Army, Navy, and execute building projects in minimum Government, and private corporations and time and to the utmost satisfaction of the individuals. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 19

Some of Honolulu's Leading Business Firms

The Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd., with Union Street, famous for its home cook- a power station generating capacity of ing. Miss Edna 13. Harte has built this 32,000 K.W., furnishes lighting and restaurant up to its landmark position in power service to Honolulu and to the Honolulu by carefully supervising every entire island of Oahu. It also maintains department in person. its cold storage and ice-making plant, supplying the city with ice for home con- Alton J. Cohn, Realtor, 316-317 Ha- sumption. The firm acts as electrical con- waiian Trust Bldg., 116 South King tractors, cold storage, warehousemen, and Street, has entered the real estate field deals in all kinds of electrical supplies, with the up-to-date modern ideas of this completely wiring and equipping buildings business, handling the best properties and and private residences. Its splendid new satisfying the customer. Choice proper- offices facing the civic center are now ties in every part of Honolulu to suit under course of construction and will add every income are listed by this realtor, another bit of architectural beauty to the who has found that he has had to take business section of Honolulu. others into partnership to take care of the increasing business. The Consolidated Amusement Com- pany, as its name implies, is a consoli- The Ben Hollinger Co., Ltd., with dation of all of the leading theatres in Ben Hollinger as President and Mana- Honolulu, featuring two of the most lux- ger, owns and operates the Hollinger urious theatres in the Pacific, the New Garage, and is disbursing central for Princess and the Hawaii Theatre, where the Vesta Battery Corporation, and the latest first-run films are shown to the representatives for The Fisk Tire Com- Honolulu public. The Consolidated pany, Inc., in the Territory of Hawaii. Amusement Company supplies practically The main offices of the company are all of the movie theatres in Hawaii with at Alakea and Queen Streets, adjoining their films and brings to the island every- the garage. thing that is worth bringing, showing the great run pictures while they are still The Rycroft Arctic Soda Company, being seen in New York and Chicago. on Sheridan Street, furnishes the high Visitors can always reserve seats at the grade soft drinks for Honolulu and theatres of the Consolidated Amusement Hawaii. It manufactures the highest Company by phoning to the theatre grade ginger ale—Hawaiian Dry—from selected. the fresh roots of the native ginger. It The Honolulu Music Company, 1107 uses clear water from its own artesian Fort Street, is the home of the Mason well, makes its carbonated gas from and Hamlin pianofortes in Hawaii. Here Hawaiian pineapples at the most up-to- Dame Nelly Melba purchased two of these date soda works in the Territory of superb instruments. The superb Knabe Hawaii. piano also has its home here. Mr. Berg- strom, of Hawaii's one great family of The Hawaiian Transfer Company, at music dealers, is manager of the Honolulu 26 South Queen Street, has absorbed sev- Music Company and here one may be eral of the prominent baggage transfer advised by experts as to the kind of companies in Honolulu and now looks musical instruments suited to Hawaii, as after much of the baggage of the tourist well as the kind of music to secure. either arriving or departing from Hono- lulu. The company has its agents at the Harte's Good Eats is the name of the steamship arrivals and may be reached restaurant in the \Volters Building on at any time by phoning 2826. Awn 20 THE MID-PACIFIC

Honolulu Business Items

The Honolulu Planing Mill, of which tributor for Carey's roofing and build- John Lucas is President and Manager, is ing materials, telephone 5949. Before the only planing mill in the Territory putting on your roof in Hawaii, it is electrically equipped, and it manufactures wise to secure expert advice on the its own electricity. This pioneer planing kind of roof the section you build in mill of Hawaii, established in 1864, has its needs. Howard W. Laws can give this workshops at Ala Moana, Coral and advice with years of experience behind Keawe Streets, Honolulu, where it manu- his opinion. factures mouldings and every conceivable need in building the house and home. L. Fullard-Leo, the building con- tractor, with a factory at Queen and The Peerless Roofing and Paint Co., Ward streets, is Honolulu's manufac- W. F. Snyder, Mgr., with offices at 844 turer of hollow concrete building tiles, as Kaahumanu St., Honolulu, has thirty- well as of roof tiles and French floor three years of business experience be- tiles. A specialty is made of fibrous hind it. The firm handles felt, pitch, plaster cement plate walls and of every and gravel roofs, and Peerless Preserv- kind of ornamental plastering, model- ing Paint. The Company is well known ing, imitation stone, etc. Excellent ex- throughout Hawaii for its work, con- amples of this work may be seen in the structing roofs that last in a climate new Castle & Cooke Building and in the where each roof must be built with re- Bishop Bank building now nearing gard to the climatic conditions. completion.

Bailey's Groceteria is the big success Andrade & Co., clothiers at 1029 of recent years in Honolulu business. The Fort street, are in the heart of the fash- parent store at the corner of Queen and ionable district of Honolulu, and live up Richards Sts., has added both a meat to the requirements of this position. market and a bakery, while the newly con- They carry men's suits, hats and gen- structed branch building at Beretania and eral outfitting, all of the best, but at Piikoi is equally well equipped and sup- prices that are exceptionally reasonable. plied, so that the housekeeper can select The Andrades have had a quarter of a all that is needed in the home, or, in fact, century in men's outfitting in Hawaii phone her order to either house. and thoroughly understand the require- ments of the business in Honolulu. The French Laundry in Honolulu occupies its own buildings at 777 South Walker & Olund, Ltd., with headquar- King Street with a receiving and deliver- ters at 820 Piikoi St., build with Walker ing branch at 1108 Union Street, the city & Olund's concrete tile, and build per- center. This is the careful reliable laun- manently. This firm has contracts for dry of the city, where men and women's many of the big new business and other clothing of every kind is scientifically buildings now being erected in Hono- washed and cleansed. The woman of lulu. Their feature of concrete tiling dainty habits will appreciate the value of saves the trouble of double walls and the French Laundry as well as the man makes the home absolutely water-proof, who wishes to appear always carefully bug-proof, and by actual test more fire- groomed. proof than the imported clay tile. Wal- ker & Olund's concrete tile is slightly Howard W. Laws, at Ala Moana cheaper laid up in the wall than good Avenue and Ward St., is the general double board construction, and a great roofing contractor in Hawaii, being dis- deal more weather resisting. AD VT. THE MID-PACIFIC 21

Maui No Ka Oi (Maui is the best)

The Maui Chamber of Commerce is luku. The company is agent at Kahu- behind the plan for an auto road to the lui for the Inter-Island Steam Naviga- summit of Haleakala, earth's vastest tion Company and for the firm of Alex- crater, situated on the island of Maui, ander and Baldwin, Ltd. William its summit ten thousand feet above the Walsh is general manager. sea from which it will be distant, when the auto road is completed, scarce fifty miles of easy riding. The Chamber The Kahului Store, Wm. A. Sparks also advocates the round-the-island auto manager, is conducted by the Hawaiian road that now connects Wailuku and Commercial and Sugar Company. The Lahaina with Hana with the plan now immense store in Kahului carries every- to push the building of this auto route thing that is needed in plantation or entirely around the island of Maui. It home life, it maintains branches at Puunene, Spreckelsville, and at Kihei. was the Chamber that got behind the The plantation store is an institution in Maui Annual Fair, the best of its kind Hawaii, bringing everything that is in the islands. All of the business men of Maui are members of their Chamber, needed direct to the laborer and to and it stands for the progress of Maui workers of all kinds. No Ka Oi (Maui, Best Of All). The Maui Cooperative Poultry As- The Wailuku Hotel is the delightful sociation with its poultry ranch and caravansary conducted by Mrs. George head offices at Wailuku, supplies the K. Trimble, enlarged from year to year island with its dressed poultry and eggs. until it is now one of the really up-to- It sometimes sends its produce to Hono- date hotels in the Territory with every lulu where there is a quick demand. convenience for the visitors. This hotel This is an enterprise of Wm. F. Pogue has a clientele of many years standing, and his son. Mr. Pogue is also pro- drawing to itself the best of the travel- prietor of the Homelani Ranch with his ing public to which it caters. sons who give it their personal service.

with The Haleakala Ranch Company, Paia Store, which is conducted head offices at Makawao, on the Island The by the Maui Agricultural Co., Ltd., is of Maui, is, as its name indicates, a cattle ranch on the slopes of the great managed by Fred P. Rosecrans. This mountain of Haleakala, rising 10,000 is one of the very big plantation 'de- feet above the sea. This ranch breeds partment stores in Hawaii. Every con- pure Hereford cattle and is looking to ceivable need of the housekeeper or a future when it will supply fine bred homemaker is kept in stock. The store cattle to the markets and breeders in covers an area of more than a city Hawaii. block in a metropolitan city, and is the department store adopted to the needs The Kahului Railroad Company, with of modern sugar plantation life. its main offices at Kahului on the Island of Maui, serves the island both as re- gards passenger and freight service, The Honolulu Dairymen's Association, with regular trains running to the Ltd., is represented on Maui by Fred Haiku district, Paia, Puunene and Wai- Lamb at Wailuku. AnvT. 22 THE MID-PACIFIC

Hilo, Hawaii's Second City

Locate in Hilo.—The Chamber of Kilauea, thirty odd miles distant from Commerce of Hilo has its spacious quar- Hilo. It also sends passengers by auto ters in the Old Bank Building at the around the island of Hawaii or to any corner of Keawe and Waianuenue part of the island. Its cars meet the Streets, the very center of Hilo's busi- steamers at the wharf, or can be secured ness district. Those desiring informa- at any time by phoning either 82 or 92. tion concerning Hilo and its opportuni- John K. Kai is president and manager. ties are invited to call at the Chamber A letter or a wireless message to the which represents the interests of a city Peoples Garage, Hilo, will assure prompt of ten thousand inhabitants, as well as service and waiting cars. the general business .interests of the Island of Hawaii, the largest island of Hilo as a Manufacturing Center.—The the group forming the Territory of Hawaiian Starch Co. is a Hilo enterprise Hawaii. Those who contemplate visit- that has the support of the entire terri- ing Hawaii or doing business in Hilo are tory. This company puts out a starch invited to correspond with the Chamber made from the edible canna that has of Commerce of Hilo, Milton Rice being twice the strength of other food starches, vice-president and manager. Hilo has so that only half the amount usually many important business houses, and specified in cook books may be used. from Hilo the various points of interest This is the starch par excellence for a on the Island are visited. dull laundry finish. Hawaiian sugar The Hilo Hotel is the rendezvous of and Hawaiian pineapples are known the the tourist and the visitor. Almost hid- world over as the highest standard, and den in a tropical garden facing the sea, it now seems that Hawaii will lead in its bungalow cottages afford the maxi- producing a perfect starch. mum of comfort. At the Hilo Hotel Hilo as a Cattle Market.—The Hilo rooms with or without baths may be Meat Co. at 12 Keawe Street is the town secured at moderate rates, and in the end of the Shipman ranch, V. D. Shutte, great dining hall the delicacies of Hawaii manager. This company supplies Hilo are served. The Hotel is conducted on the American plan. and sometimes Honolulu with meat from the famous Shipman ranch, of which Hawaii Consolidated Railway, Ltd., Mr. W. H. Shipman has been the ex- 'Hilo, Hawaii, the Scenic Railway of perienced head for more than a genera- Hawaii, one of the most spectacular tion. Hawaii has made herself independ- trips in the world, thirty-four miles, ent of the mainland for meat of all kinds, costing nearly $4,000,000.00; it crosses and in the Hilo market there is a choice 10 sugar plantations, 150 streams, 44 of the very best cuts from home raised 'bridges, 14 of which are steel from 98 cattle from the Shipman ranch. to 230 feet high and from 400 to 1,006 feet long, and many precipitous gorges The Moses Stationery Co., Ltd., Hilo, lined with tropical trees, and with wa- Hawaii, of which E. Moses is president, terfalls galore ; sugar cane fields, vil- has its main office and store at No. 55 lages, hundreds of breadfruit and co- Kamehameha Avenue. They also con- coanut trees and palms along the way, trol and operate the Hawaii Music Co. and miles of precipices. W. H. Huss- in Hilo. In Honolulu two more stores man, general freight and passenger are controlled—the Moses Office Equip- agent. ment Co., Ltd., at 72 South King Street, also the Sonora Shop at 1158 Fort Motor Service from Hilo.—The Peo- Street, where the famous Sonora pho- ples Garage maintains a regular daily nographs and the Baldwin Piano are automobile service to the Volcano of featured. AD VT.

THE MID-PACIFIC 23 Establish Your Business in Hilo

The First Trust Company of Hilo oc- niture, and all that goes to make home cupies the modern up-to-date building happy. Mr. Holmes is now assisted by adjoining the Bank of Hawaii on Keawe his son in the management and the busi- Street. This is Hilo's financial institu- ness still expands and keeps up with the tion. It acts as trustees, executors, audit- times, keeping to the front as Hilo's one ors, realty dealers, guardians, account- big department store. ants, administrators, insurance agents, Own Your Own Car in Hilo.—The and as your stock and bond brokers. Volcano Stables and Transportation You will need the services of the First Company, J. W. Webster, president ; and Trust Company in Hilo whether you are A. L. Ruddle, secretary and manager, is a visitor, or whether you are to erect a proprietor of the Volcano Garage. At home or a business block. Kamehameha and Pauahi Streets it has Own Your Home In Hilo.—The home three acres of buildings and is agent and or business builder in Hilo will need distributor for the two cars that stand Charles H. Will, the foremost general alone in their separate classes,—the Ford contractor of the big island of Hawaii. for everybody and the Studebaker for He is the first aid of the builder, with those who desire a high-class car at a an office in the Old Bank Building on moderate price. The company is also Waianuenue Street. His work is in road distributor for the Ford and White building, reinforced steel and concrete trucks, Fordson tractors, and the Good- buildings, a builder of bridges and year and Federal tires. wharves, streets and highways. Agent The Dry Goods Mart in Hilo.—The for the Polk System of Reinforced Con- Hilo Emporium, at Kamehameha and crete, Charles H. Will erects the concrete Kalakaua Streets, is the one big dry chimneys, an important thing in a land of goods store in Hilo. It has inaugurated sugar mills. Estimates are furnished a cash and carry grocery system in addi- on every class of construction work. tion. All kinds of general merchandise, Hilo's Department Store.—The E. N. dry goods, shoes, etc., are carried at the Holmes Department Store on Waianue- Emporium. Mr. George H. Vicars is nue Street, near Kamehameha, is one of president, and his son, B. W. Vicars is the business landmarks of Hilo. Here treasurer and assistant manager. This is more than a generation of Hiloites has one of the new spacious stores of greater bought its groceries, dry goods, men's Hilo, the very heart of the new and furnishings, crockery, household fur- growing business district.

A cattle ranch on the Island of Hawaii. ADVT. 24 THE MID-PACIFIC

About the Big Island

Twice a week the Inter-Island Steam The Hilo Boarding School, Levi C. Navigation Company dispatches its pala- Lyman manager, is a school for boys tial steamer, the "Haleakala" to Hilo, which combines academic and industrial leaving Honolulu at 5 P.M. on Tuesdays training. The afternoons are given to and Fridays, arriving at Hilo at 7 P.M. the learning of blacksmithing, carpentry, the next morning. This vessel leaves wood-turning, automobile polishing, Hilo every Wednesday and Sunday printing, some crafts and agriculture. afternoon at five for Honolulu, a four- This is a forty acre farm. A crafts shop teen-hour run. From Honolulu. the is maintained at 130 Kamehameha Ave- Inter-Island Company dispatches almost nue, and sales rooms of Hawaiian goods daily excellent passenger vessels to the in koa, where the output of calabashes, island of Maui and twice a week to the ukuleles, trays and novelties in koa may island of Kauai. There is no finer cruise be obtained. Prices of these or informa- in all the world than a visit to all of the tion about the school is sent on request. Hawaiian Islands on the steamers of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company. The head offices in Honolulu are on The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd., has Merchant Street, where every informa- its Hilo branch at 12 Waianuenue Street tion available, or books on the different with sub branches at Kealakekua and at islands are sent on request. Tours of Alaa & Pahoa. Le. Baron Gurney is the all the islands are arranged. branch manager at Hilo, and the Bank of Connected with the Inter-Island Steam Bishop & Co. serves the Island of Hawaii Navigation Company is the palatial Vol- through its branch at Hilo, as it does the cano House overlooking the everlasting entire group, from its palatial quarters house of fire, as the crater of Halemau- in the modern up-to-date Damon building mau is justly named. A night's ride in Honolulu, named after the long-time from Honolulu and an hour by auto- president of the Bishop Bank. mobile, and you are at the Volcano House, the one truly historic caravan- sary of the Hawaiian Islands, recently The Honolulu Dairymen's Association, reconstructed and turned into a modern Ltd., is represented by Russell L. Ran- up-to-date hotel of luxury for the tour- som as manager in Hilo, with dairy at ist and those from Honolulu and Hilo Piopio and Kamehameha Streets. spending vacations at the Volcano. Should you wish to continue at leisure your sightseeing or business trip around Hawaii's Famous Coffee.—The Cap- the Island of Hawaii, there are hotels tain Cook Coffee Company produces and every few miles. handles the standard coffee of Hawaii, and this product, "Kona" Coffee, has Building on the Island of Hawaii.— The Hawaiian Contracting Company become known the world over for its maintains working offices at the great delicious mildness. The Captain Cook Hilo pier, where all steamers discharge Coffee Company selects and ages its their freight for Hilo and the big island. coffee beans until they are ready to give This concern, with branches throughout forth that delicious aroma that Makes the Territory, has for its aim building coffee grown within the radius of the for permanancy. It contracts for build- spot where Captain Cook was slain, ings and highway construction, having a known to all devotees of good coffee. corps of construction experts at its com- The agency for the Captain Cook Coffee mand. In Hilo, Frank H. West is in Company in Honolulu is with the Henry charge of the company's affairs. Waterhouse Co. AD VT. A S 240F BANKIN CHAMBE =AT - HEAD OFFICE SYDNEY,

The accompanying photographs il- lustrate the splendid modern service offered by Australia's National Bank, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. The .Bank is the custodian of the funds of the Commonwealth of Australia and acts as Banker to four States, while, in addition to its General Banking busi- ness, nearly one million Savings Bank Depositors receive service from 64 Branches and 3,189 Post Office Agencies.

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