DOCSLIB.ORG

Differential Heat Shock Tolerance and Expression of Heat-Inducible Proteins in Two Stored-Product Psocids

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Differential Heat Shock Tolerance and Expression of Heat-Inducible Proteins in Two Stored-Product Psocids STORED-PRODUCT Differential Heat Shock Tolerance and Expression of Heat-Inducible Proteins in Two Stored-Product Psocids 1,2,3 4 2,5 2 R.N.C. GUEDES, K. Y. ZHU, G. P. OPIT, AND J. E. THRONE J. Econ. Entomol. 101(6): 1974Ð1982 (2008) ABSTRACT The recent recognition of psocids as a major concern in stored products and also the reemergence of heat treatment as a control tactic of stored-product insects led to the present investigation. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are differences in heat shock tolerance of two species of stored-product psocidsÑLepinotus reticulatus Enderlein (Trogiidae) and Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) (Liposcelididae)Ñand to determine whether heat shock proteins (HSPs) underlay such tolerance. TimeÐresponse bioassays were therefore carried out at increasing temperatures for both psocids. The lethal time (LT)50 and LT95 estimates were correlated with the expression of heat shock proteins after exposure at the same range of temperatures for 30 min. The expression of HSP was determined through Western blot analyses using HSP 70 antibody. Liposcelis entomophila was more than two-fold more tolerant than L. reticulatus for nearly all of the range of temperatures (Ն40.0ЊC). Expression of HSP 70 was not observed for either of the psocid species, but the expression of two low-molecular-mass heat-inducible proteins (HIPs; 23 and 27 kDa) was observed in L. entomophila. The expression of these small proteins was induced by exposure to higher temperatures, and the trend was particularly strong for HIP 27. In contrast, no expression of small heat-inducible proteins was detected in L. reticulatus, reßecting its higher susceptibility to heat treatments. The relatively high heat tolerance of L. entomophila might help explain its more common occurrence in grain stored in warmer regions of the world. KEY WORDS heat stress, heat treatment, Lepinotus reticulatus, Liposcelis entomophila, heat shock proteins Psocoptera (psocids) is a relatively small insect order notus reticulatus Enderlein (Trogiidae) (Sedlacek et containing several species adapted to live in stored al. 1996, Turner 1999). Psocids are a little-studied bulk grains, food processing facilities, warehouses group, but recent reports indicate that their occur- where processed food is stored, and urban retail stores rence in large numbers compromises the quality of and dwellings (Sedlacek et al. 1996, Baz and Monserrat stored commodities they infest leading to eventual 1999, Lienhard and Smithers 2002, Pascual-Villalobos rejection of the commodities for export (Turner 1999, et al. 2005). Psocids were generally regarded as scav- Rees 2003). Psocids are also allergens, causing dis- engers and mold feeders of little importance as pests comfort and health problems among storage workers until the early 1990s (Sedlacek et al. 1996, Turner 1999, (Burgess et al. 1991, Mills et al. 1992, Baz and Mon- Kucˇerova´ 2002, Rees 2003), when their nuisance status serrat 1999, Elston 1999). changed to that of serious worldwide pests of stored The behavioral and physiological peculiarities of products; this particularly applies to several Liposcelis stored-product psocids seem to make their manage- species (Liposcelididae), including L. entomophila ment more difÞcult. The short life cycle and parthe- (Enderlein) and L. bostrychophila Badonnel, and Lepi- nogenetic mode of reproduction of many species al- low them to rapidly colonize new habitats (Sedlacek et al. 1996, Turner 1999). The likely movement of Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication psocids out of the dry bulk grain environment to ab- is solely for the purpose of providing speciÞc information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the Federal University of sorb atmospheric moisture at times of high ambient Vic¸osa, Kansas State University, Oklahoma State University, or the humidity probably limits fumigation efÞciency by re- U.S. Department of Agriculture. ducing their exposure to the fumigant in open-top silos 1 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Vi- (Rees 2003). In addition, the relatively long period of c¸osa, Vic¸osa, MG 36571-000, Brazil. Ͼ 2 USDAÐARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, egg development, sometimes 15 d for Liposcelis, de- 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502. layed hatching in the presence of phosphine, and 3 Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. phosphine resistance also compromise phosphine fu- 4 Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, migation against psocids (Nayak et al. 2003b). Among KS 66506-4004. 5 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State stored-product protectants, pyrethroid insecticides University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033. are reported as relatively ineffective against Liposcelis December 2008 GUEDES ET AL.: HEAT SHOCK TOLERANCE IN STORED-PRODUCT PSCOCIDS 1975 spp., and even organophosphate and carbamate insec- surface of wheat in steel bins in late summer. In their ticides show limited efÞcacy against stored-product 2004 sampling study, L. reticulatus and L. entomophila psocids (Nayak et al. 2003a, Wang et al. 2004). Novel were the only psocid species found infesting stored insecticides, such as spinosad, also seem unable to grain; in both the summer and fall, numbers of L. provide effective control against stored-product pso- entomophila in refuges were always much higher than cids resulting in use of insecticide mixtures to increase those of L. reticulatus. To test the hypothesis that L. efÞcacy to desirable levels (Nayak et al. 2005, Nayak entomophila has higher heat shock tolerance, timeÐ and Daglish 2007). response bioassays were carried out at increasing tem- Carbon dioxide-enriched atmospheres and heat peratures (37.5, 40.0, 42.5, 45.0 and 47.5ЊC) for L. treatments are possible alternative methods of man- reticulatus and L. entomophila. The estimates of lethal aging stored-product psocids; however, resistance to times for 50 and 95% mortalities (LT50 and LT95) were carbon dioxide in psocids is a concern (Wang et al. subsequently correlated with the expression of heat 2000). Heat treatment recently reemerged as a po- shock proteins after exposure to the same range of tential control method for stored-product insects and temperatures for 30 min. The results are expected to is currently drawing interest, particularly as an alter- help explain temperospatial distribution of these pso- native for structural fumigations with methyl bromide cid species and are relevant to use of heat treatments (Burks et al. 2000, Mourier and Poulsen 2000, Neven for control of psocids in structures. 2000, Tang et al. 2000, Roesli et al. 2003). The effect of temperature on the development and reproduction of Materials and Methods L. entomophila was studied by Wang et al. (1998), but to date the mortality at extreme temperatures has not Insects. Cultures used in the study were started with been studied except for the work of Beckett and Mor- insects collected during summer 2004 in wheat (Triti- ton (2003). This study indicated higher vulnerability cum aestivum L.) stored in steel bins at the USDA of stored-product psocids to high temperatures (45Ð Grain Marketing and Production Research Center in 50ЊC) than for stored-product beetle pests, but it did Manhattan, KS. The laboratory colonies were main- not include the key psocid pest species L. entomophila. tained on a diet of 97% cracked hard red winter wheat, Physiological changes caused by heat treatment, 2% Rice Krispies (Kellogg USA Inc., Battle Creek, MI), which are rooted in biochemical changes mainly in the and 1% brewerÕs yeast (MP Biomedicals Inc., Solon, form of production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) OH) (wt:wt; cracked wheat diet) in 0.473-liter glass (Feder and Hofmann 1999, Neven 2000, Malmendal et canning jars covered with mite-proof lids. Cultures al. 2006), have not been studied in stored-product were maintained at 30ЊC, 75% RH, and 24-h scotophase psocids. (Opit and Throne 2008a,b). Only adult females were Heat shock proteins work as molecular chaperones used in the experiments because L. reticulatus is par- that, under heat stress, may hold in situ the nascent or thenogenic and L. entomophila is not. Voucher spec- denatured proteins chaperoning them to the lysosome imens of L. reticulatus and L. entomophila used in this for degradation or helping them to refold after return study were deposited in the Kansas State University to favorable temperatures (Hendrick and Hartl 1993, Museum of Entomological and Prairie Arthropod Re- Feder and Hofmann 1999, Neven 2000). Most of the search under lots 181 and 182, respectively. literature on insect heat shock proteins and thermo- Time–Mortality Bioassays with Increasing Temper- tolerance focuses on the stress proteins in the 60Ð80- ature. Adult female psocids of both species were sub- kDa range in a few insect species (Neven 2000; Mahr- jected to timeÐmortality bioassays at the increasing oof et al. 2005a,b; Shim et al. 2006; Bettencourt et al. temperatures of 37.5, 40.0, 42.5, 45.0, and 47.5ЊC (30ЊC 2007; Sørensen and Loeschcke 2007). This HSP 70 was used as reference temperature for assessing nat- family, as characterized by its molecular weight and ural mortality). These temperatures are representa- function, is the best characterized and its role in ther- tive of the temperature range observed in heat treat- motolerance in insects is well documented. Their ef- ments of ßour and feed mills (e.g., Mahroof et al. 2003, fects are usually short-lived but potentially important Roesli et al. 2003). Fifty insects were released in each for acute thermal stress as commonly applied in heat petri dish (3.5 cm in diameter), whose walls were treatments for stored-product protection. The induc- covered with Teßon PTFE (DuPont, Wilmington, tion of HSPs is important not only as a potential de- DE) to prevent insect escape. Three replicates of this terrent of insect control (by heat treatment) but also experimental unit were used for each combination of may be useful in predicting geographical distribution insect species, heat shock temperature, and length of and potential problems with stored-product psocids exposure.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Torix Rickettsia Are Widespread in Arthropods and Reflect a Neglected Symbiosis
    GigaScience, 10, 2021, 1–19 doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giab021 RESEARCH RESEARCH Torix Rickettsia are widespread in arthropods and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/article/10/3/giab021/6187866 by guest on 05 August 2021 reflect a neglected symbiosis Jack Pilgrim 1,*, Panupong Thongprem 1, Helen R. Davison 1, Stefanos Siozios 1, Matthew Baylis1,2, Evgeny V. Zakharov3, Sujeevan Ratnasingham 3, Jeremy R. deWaard3, Craig R. Macadam4,M. Alex Smith5 and Gregory D. D. Hurst 1 1Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK; 2Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; 3Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada; 4Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling FK8 2QG, UK and 5Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Summerlee Science Complex, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada ∗Correspondence address. Jack Pilgrim, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. E-mail: [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-1482 Abstract Background: Rickettsia are intracellular bacteria best known as the causative agents of human and animal diseases. Although these medically important Rickettsia are often transmitted via haematophagous arthropods, other Rickettsia, such as those in the Torix group, appear to reside exclusively in invertebrates and protists with no secondary vertebrate host. Importantly, little is known about the diversity or host range of Torix group Rickettsia.
    [Show full text]
  • Appl. Entomol. Zool. 45(1): 89-100 (2010)
    Appl. Entomol. Zool. 45 (1): 89–100 (2010) http://odokon.org/ Mini Review Psocid: A new risk for global food security and safety Muhammad Shoaib AHMEDANI,1,* Naz SHAGUFTA,2 Muhammad ASLAM1 and Sayyed Ali HUSSNAIN3 1 Department of Entomology, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 2 Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Punjab, Pakistan 3 School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG UK (Received 13 January 2009; Accepted 2 September 2009) Abstract Post-harvest losses caused by stored product pests are posing serious threats to global food security and safety. Among the storage pests, psocids were ignored in the past due to unavailability of the significant evidence regarding quantitative and qualitative losses caused by them. Their economic importance has been recognized by many re- searchers around the globe since the last few years. The published reports suggest that the pest be recognized as a new risk for global food security and safety. Psocids have been found infesting stored grains in the USA, Australia, UK, Brazil, Indonesia, China, India and Pakistan. About sixteen species of psocids have been identified and listed as pests of stored grains. Psocids generally prefer infested kernels having some fungal growth, but are capable of excavating the soft endosperm of damaged or cracked uninfected grains. Economic losses due to their feeding are directly pro- portional to the intensity of infestation and their population. The pest has also been reported to cause health problems in humans. Keeping the economic importance of psocids in view, their phylogeny, distribution, bio-ecology, manage- ment and pest status have been reviewed in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of the Type of Storage on Pest Infestation of Stored Grain in the Czech Republic
    The influence of the type of storage on pest infestation of stored grain in the Czech Republic V. Stejskal1, J. Hubert1, Z. Kučerová1, Z. Munzbergová2, 3, J. Lukáš1, E. Žďárková1 1Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic 2Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic 3Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic ABSTRACT Stored-product pests cause high economic losses by feeding on stored grain and endanger the public health by contamina- tion of food by allergens. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore whether the risk of infestation of stored grain by pests is different in various types of storage premises. We compared the level of infestation and the pest species compo- sition in the two main types of grain stores in Central Europe that includes horizontal flat-stores (HFS) and vertical silo- stores (elevators) (VSS). A total of 147 grain stores located in Bohemia, Czech Republic was inspected. We found that both types of stores were infested with arthropods of three main taxonomic groups: mites (25 species, 120 000 individu- als), psocids (8 species, 5 600 individuals) and beetles (23 species, 4 500 individuals). We found that VSS and HFS differ in species composition of mites, psocids and beetles. However, the primary grain pests (i.e. Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lachesilla pedicularia, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus) occurred in both types of stores. The only exception was higher frequency and abundance of two serious beetle-pests (Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius) in HFS than in VSS.
    [Show full text]
  • Psocoptera: Liposcelididae, Trogiidae)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2015 Evaluation of Potential Attractants for Six Species of Stored- Product Psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae, Trogiidae) John Diaz-Montano USDA-ARS, [email protected] James F. Campbell USDA-ARS, [email protected] Thomas W. Phillips Kansas State University, [email protected] James E. Throne USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Diaz-Montano, John; Campbell, James F.; Phillips, Thomas W.; and Throne, James E., "Evaluation of Potential Attractants for Six Species of Stored- Product Psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae, Trogiidae)" (2015). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 2048. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/2048 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. STORED-PRODUCT Evaluation of Potential Attractants for Six Species of Stored- Product Psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae, Trogiidae) 1,2 1 3 JOHN DIAZ-MONTANO, JAMES F. CAMPBELL, THOMAS W. PHILLIPS, AND JAMES E. THRONE1,4 J. Econ. Entomol. 108(3): 1398–1407 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov028 ABSTRACT Psocids have emerged as worldwide pests of stored commodities during the past two decades, and are difficult to control with conventional management tactics such as chemical insecticides.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera'
    Molecular systematics of the suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Title Psocodea: 'Psocoptera') Author(s) Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Lienhard, Charles; Johnson, Kevin P. Citation Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146(2): 287-299 Issue Date 2006-02 DOI Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/43134 The definitive version is available at www.blackwell- Right synergy.com Type article (author version) Additional Information File Information 2006zjls-1.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082The Lin- nean Society of London, 2006? 2006 146? •••• zoj_207.fm Original Article MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE SUBORDER TROGIOMORPHA K. YOSHIZAWA ET AL. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 146, ••–••. With 3 figures Molecular systematics of the suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’) KAZUNORI YOSHIZAWA1*, CHARLES LIENHARD2 and KEVIN P. JOHNSON3 1Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan 2Natural History Museum, c.p. 6434, CH-1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland 3Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA Received March 2005; accepted for publication July 2005 Phylogenetic relationships among extant families in the suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’) 1 were inferred from partial sequences of the nuclear 18S rRNA and Histone 3 and mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes. Analyses of these data produced trees that largely supported the traditional classification; however, monophyly of the infraorder Psocathropetae (= Psyllipsocidae + Prionoglarididae) was not recovered. Instead, the family Psyllipso- cidae was recovered as the sister taxon to the infraorder Atropetae (= Lepidopsocidae + Trogiidae + Psoquillidae), and the Prionoglarididae was recovered as sister to all other families in the suborder.
    [Show full text]
  • Ana Kurbalija PREGLED ENTOMOFAUNE MOČVARNIH
    SVEUČILIŠTE JOSIPA JURJA STROSSMAYERA U OSIJEKU I INSTITUT RUĐER BOŠKOVI Ć, ZAGREB Poslijediplomski sveučilišni interdisciplinarni specijalisti čki studij ZAŠTITA PRIRODE I OKOLIŠA Ana Kurbalija PREGLED ENTOMOFAUNE MOČVARNIH STANIŠTA OD MEĐUNARODNOG ZNAČENJA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ Specijalistički rad Osijek, 2012. TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Specijalistički rad Institit Ruđer Boškovi ć, Zagreb Poslijediplomski sveučilišni interdisciplinarni specijalisti čki studij zaštita prirode i okoliša Znanstveno područje: Prirodne znanosti Znanstveno polje: Biologija PREGLED ENTOMOFAUNE MOČVARNIH STANIŠTA OD ME ĐUNARODNOG ZNAČENJA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ Ana Kurbalija Rad je izrađen na Odjelu za biologiju, Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Mentor: izv.prof. dr. sc. Stjepan Krčmar U ovom radu je istražen kvalitativni sastav entomof aune na četiri močvarna staništa od me đunarodnog značenja u Republici Hrvatskoj. To su Park prirode Kopački rit, Park prirode Lonjsko polje, Delta rijeke Neretve i Crna Mlaka. Glavni cilj specijalističkog rada je objediniti sve objavljene i neobjavljene podatke o nalazima vrsta kukaca na ova četiri močvarna staništa te kvalitativno usporediti entomofau nu pomoću Sörensonovog indexa faunističke sličnosti. Na području Parka prirode Kopački rit utvrđeno je ukupno 866 vrsta kukaca razvrstanih u 84 porodice i 513 rodova. Na području Parka prirode Lonjsko polje utvrđeno je 513 vrsta kukaca razvrstanih u 24 porodice i 89 rodova. Na području delte rijeke Neretve utvrđeno je ukupno 348 vrsta kukaca razvrstanih u 89 porodica i 227 rodova. Za područje Crne Mlake nije bilo dostupne literature o nalazima kukaca. Velika vrijednost Sörensonovog indexa od 80,85% ukazuje na veliku faunističku sličnost između faune obada Kopačkoga rita i Lonjskoga polja. Najmanja sličnost u fauni obada utvrđena je između močvarnih staništa Lonjskog polja i delte rijeke Neretve, a iznosi 41,37%.
    [Show full text]
  • Booklice (<I>Liposcelis</I> Spp.), Grain Mites (<I>Acarus Siro</I>)
    Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Vol 55, No 6 Copyright 2016 November 2016 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Pages 737–743 Booklice (Liposcelis spp.), Grain Mites (Acarus siro), and Flour Beetles (Tribolium spp.): ‘Other Pests’ Occasionally Found in Laboratory Animal Facilities Elizabeth A Clemmons* and Douglas K Taylor Pests that infest stored food products are an important problem worldwide. In addition to causing loss and consumer rejection of products, these pests can elicit allergic reactions and perhaps spread disease-causing microorganisms. Booklice (Liposcelis spp.), grain mites (Acarus siro), and flour beetles Tribolium( spp.) are common stored-product pests that have pre- viously been identified in our laboratory animal facility. These pests traditionally are described as harmless to our animals, but their presence can be cause for concern in some cases. Here we discuss the biology of these species and their potential effects on human and animal health. Occupational health risks are covered, and common monitoring and control methods are summarized. Several insect and mite species are termed ‘stored-product Furthermore, the presence of these pests in storage and hous- pests,’ reflecting the fact that they routinely infest items such ing areas can lead to food wastage and negative human health as foodstuffs stored for any noteworthy period of time. Some consequences such as allergic hypersensitivity.11,52,53 In light of of the most economically important insect pests include beetles these attributes, these species should perhaps not be summarily of the order Coleoptera and moths and butterflies of the order disregarded if found in laboratory animal facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Exposure Patterns and Avoidance Behaviour in Non-Target Arthropods
    Pesticide exposure patterns and avoidance behaviour in non-target arthropods Joanna Thompson Witton PhD University of York Environment and Geography October 2018 2 Abstract For a pesticide to be registered for use, the risk to non-target arthropods must first be assessed. Standardised laboratory tests are conducted to evaluate lethal and sublethal effects on these species, with sublethal assessments focusing on reproductive effects. One other sublethal effect reported in the scientific literature is behavioural changes – such as hyperactivity or arrested movement – in non-target arthropods exposed to pesticide residues. Avoidance behaviour is also of interest in this context, where individuals display signs of irritation or repellence, thus showing a preference for untreated surfaces. Behavioural changes can be a precursor to more deleterious effects of pesticides, while avoidance behaviour is seen as both positive and negative, depending on the context. Regulatory studies expose individuals to homogeneous residues, even though pesticide spray within crop systems is often heterogeneous. Regulatory studies thus consider the worst case scenario yet this leaves no consideration of effects arising from realistic exposure in the environment, in particular effects of avoidance behaviour. Additionally, little is known of pesticide exposure patterns at spatial scales relevant to non-target arthropods. This thesis documents studies of movement behaviour and avoidance behaviour in a predatory mite (Typhlodromus pyri) when exposed to three insecticides. Irritation, reduced activity and avoidance behaviour were observed in mites exposed to residues in arenas with residues covering half and the whole surface. The thesis also documents the quantification of pesticide residues and spray patterns at small spatial scales, and these results were combined with movement data to investigate how populations are impacted by heterogeneous residues and pesticide avoidance behaviour through individual-based modelling.
    [Show full text]
  • A Biological Switching Valve Evolved in the Female of a Sex-Role Reversed
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A biological switching valve evolved in the female of a sex-role reversed cave insect to receive multiple seminal packages Kazunori Yoshizawa1*, Yoshitaka Kamimura2, Charles Lienhard3, Rodrigo L Ferreira4, Alexander Blanke5,6 1Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; 2Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan; 3Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; 4Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil; 5Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zu¨ lpicher, Ko¨ ln; 6Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom Abstract We report a functional switching valve within the female genitalia of the Brazilian cave insect Neotrogla. The valve complex is composed of two plate-like sclerites, a closure element, and in-and-outflow canals. Females have a penis-like intromittent organ to coercively anchor males and obtain voluminous semen. The semen is packed in a capsule, whose formation is initiated by seminal injection. It is not only used for fertilization but also consumed by the female as nutrition. The valve complex has two slots for insemination so that Neotrogla can continue mating while the first slot is occupied. In conjunction with the female penis, this switching valve is a morphological novelty enabling females to compete for seminal gifts in their nutrient-poor cave habitats through long copulation times and multiple seminal injections. The evolution of this switching valve may *For correspondence: have been a prerequisite for the reversal of the intromittent organ in Neotrogla. [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39563.001 Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Psocid News the Psocidologists’ Newsletter No
    Psocid News The Psocidologists’ Newsletter No. 3 (Aug. 20, 2002) Larva of Amphipsocus japonicus STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF LIPOSCELIDIDS IN CHINA Jin-Jun Wang (Southwest Agricultural University, China) In collaboration with Prof. Zhimo Zhao and Dr. Wei Ding, my research mainly focuses on the management of liposcelidid pests that infest stored products. Currently my research group include one Ph. D. student, four MSc. students and one technicians. Current Research • Resistance monitoring and management of Liposcelis bostrychophila and L. entomophila to fumigants and controlled atmosphere (Funded by NSFC, MOE and F.Y.T. Foundation). • Comparative toxicology of Liposcelis bostrychophila and L. entomophila in relation to their management (Funded by SWAU). • Control of psocids using plant materials and IGRs (Funded by CQ STC). • Molecular markers of psocids resistant to fumigants and CA (Funded by EPCL). List of Publication 1. In English Wang Jinjun, Zhao Zhimo, Li Lungshu 1998 Studies on bionomics of Liposcelis entomophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) infesting stored products. Entomologia Sinica 5(2): 149-158. Wang Jinjun, Zhao Zhimo, Li Lungshu 1999 Induced tolerance of the psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), to controlled atmosphere. International Journal of Pest Management 45(1): 75-79. Wang Jinjun, Zhao Zhimo, Li Lungshu 1999 Selection of resistance strains in Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel to CO2-emriched atmospheres. Entomologia Sinica 6(1): 45-52. Wang Jinjun, Zhao Zhimo, Li Lungshu 1999 Some biochemical aspects of resistance to controlled atmosphere in Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Entomologia Sinica 6(2): 178-186. Wang Jinjun, Zhao Zhimo, Li Lungshu 1999 Study on tolerance to oxygen deficiency, genetic stability and ecological fitness of psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae).
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Alien Species in Switzerland
    > Environmental studies > Organisms 29 > Invasive alien species 06 in Switzerland An inventory of alien species and their threat to biodiversity and economy in Switzerland > Environmental studies > Organisms > Invasive alien species in Switzerland An inventory of alien species and their threat to biodiversity and economy in Switzerland Mit deutscher Zusammenfassung – Avec résumé en français Published by the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN Bern, 2006 Impressum Editor Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) FOEN is an office of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC). Authors Rüdiger Wittenberg, CABI Bioscience Switzerland Centre, CH–2800 Delémont Marc Kenis, CABI Bioscience Switzerland Centre, CH–2800 Delémont Theo Blick, D–95503 Hummeltal Ambros Hänggi, Naturhistorisches Museum, CH–4001 Basel André Gassmann, CABI Bioscience Switzerland Centre, CH–2800 Delémont Ewald Weber, Geobotanical Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH–8044 Zürich FOEN consultant Hans Hosbach, Head of Section, Section Biotechnology Suggested form of citation Wittenberg, R. (ed.) (2005) An inventory of alien species and their threat to biodiversity and economy in Switzerland. CABI Bioscience Switzerland Centre report to the Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape. The environment in practice no. 0629. Federal Office for the Environment, Bern. 155 pp. Design Ursula Nöthiger-Koch, 4813 Uerkheim Fact sheets The fact sheets are available at www.environment-switzerland.ch/uw-0629-e Pictures Cover picture: Harmonia axyridis Photo Marc Kenis, CABI Bioscience, Delémont. Orders FOEN Documentation CH-3003 Bern Fax +41 (0)31 324 02 16 [email protected] www.environment-switzerland.ch/uw-0629-e Order number and price: UW-0629-E / CHF 20.– (incl.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Biology, Behavior, and Ecology of Pests in Other Durable Commodities
    5 Biology, Behavior, and Ecology of Pests in Other Durable Commodities Peter A. Edde Marc Eaton Stephen A. Kells Thomas W. Phillips Introduction biology, behavior, and ecology of the common insect pests of stored durable commodities. Physical ele- Other durable commodities of economic importance ments defined by the type of storage structure, insect besides dry grains include tobacco, spices, mush- fauna, and interrelationships in the storage environ- rooms, seeds, dried plants, horticultural and agro- ment are also discussed. nomic seeds, decorative dried plants, birdseed, dry pet foods, and animal products such as dried meat and fish, fishmeal, horns, and hooves. Similar to dry Life Histories grains, these commodities are typically maintained and Behavior at such low moisture levels that preserving quality by minimizing insect damage can be a significant chal- lenge. Stored commodities may become infested at the processing plant or warehouse, in transit, at the store, or at home. Many arthropod pests of stored commodities are relatively abundant outdoors, but natural host plants before preadaptation to stored products remain unknown. Capable of long flight, they migrate into unprotected warehouses. Adults (larvae) crawl through seams and folds or chew into sealed packages and multiply, diminishing product quality and quantity. Infestations may spread within a manufacturing facility through electrical conduit Figure 1. Adult of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne and control panels. (F.), 2 to 4 mm long (from Bousquet 1990). The type of pest observed on a stored product Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma depends on the commodity, but some insects vary widely in their food preferences and may infest a Serricorne (F.) wide range of commodities.
    [Show full text]