GEOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERN LAKESIDE MOUNTAINS, UTAH
by
John C. Young
A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Utah in parti3.1 fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Scie nce
Department of Geology University of Utah August 1953
Approved:
Chairman, Supervisory Committee /
LIBHARY UNIVERSITY O� :ur� TABLE OF CONTENTS
PPagea g e ,I INTRODUCTIOINTRODUCTIONN ••••• • • . . . •.. . . • • • • • • • • • 11
FIELFIELDD WORWORKK ANANDD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENTSS • • • • • • • • • • 3
STRATIGRAPHSTRATIGRAPHYY • • • • • • • • • • • • •••. •• .• 4
IntroductioIntroduction.n • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 4:4 CambriaCambriann SysteSystemm ...... • • • • • • • • • • •. • • • • • • • • 5
TintiTinticc QuartzitQuartzitee • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 6 OphiOphirr ShalShale;e • • • • • • • • • • · • .. • • • • 6 HartmanHartmannn (?(?)) LimestonLime stonee • • • • • .• .• .• .• . • 7 BowmaBowmann (?{?}) LimestonLimestonee • • • • • • • •••· • • • • • 8 LyncLynchh (?(?)) DolomitDolomitee •.. • . • •••••• · • · • • • • • • • • 8 Ordovician System • • • • • • · ...... • • 11 Garden City Limestone · . .. . • • • • • • • • 12 Swan Peak Formation. • • • • • • • • • • • 12 Fish Haven Dolomite • • • • • • • • • • • 13
Silurian Systen'1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 14 , . Laketown Dolomite • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 14
Devonian Systeul • • • • • • • • • 15 • • • • • • • • • •• • Water Canyon Formation • • • • • • • • • 15 Jefferson Dolomite •••••••••• • • • • 16
:Mlssissippian System • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • 17 I 4 • • t: Madison Limestone. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17 • .Deseret Liinestone. • •••••••••• 18 I .. • Humbug Formation. • • • • • •• ••• • • 19 Great Blue Limestone·. • • • • • • .• • • 20 • • • •
f • • • • ii
~ 322:183 ...,. Page
Mississippian-Pennsylvania!Mississippian-Pennsylvanian! (?(1)) BedBedss . . . · . . . 21
ManninManningg CanyoCanyonn FormatioFormationn •• • • . . . . . • !121
PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniann anandd PermiaPermiann (?(1)) SystemSystems.s 2323
OquirrOquirrhh FormatioFormationn •••• • • • a · . • 2323 TertiarTertiaryy anandd QuaternarQuaternaryy DepositDepositss ...... 2525
v;; -. '. :.->*. M •* ~ * * -•» •» * * ' 'V * * » * 'm * " - .~> ...... • .. - , - . I • . STRUCTURSTRUCTUREE •• • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • z626
FaultFaultss ...... 2626 Folds ...... • . . • ...... 29 Folds 29 REGIONAL SETTING AND STRUCTURAL CHRONOLOGY . . . 31 REGIONAL SETTING AND STRUCTURAL CHRONOLOGY . ... 31 Regional Structural Relationships...... 31 AgeRegiona of Foldsl Structura and Faultsl Relationship • • • • •s • ...... 3531 Age of Folds and Faults 35 TimeTime ofof FoldingFolding •• • • • • • • • • • • • • 3535 TimeTime ofof Faulting.Faulting • ...... • 3737
GEOMOR PHOLOGY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 41 GEOMOR PHOLOGY . . • 41
GEOLOGIC LaST OR Y 45 GEOLOGIC HISTORY ...... • 45
DETAILED ,MEASURED SECTIONS. 51 DETAILED MEASURED SECTIONS ...... 51
BIB LI OGRA PHY • • • • • • • • • • • 89 BIBLIOGRAPHY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 89
tniii ILLUSTRATIONILLUSTRATIONSS
FollowinFollowingg PagPagee
FigurFiguree 1 IndeIndexx MaMapp •••.•••••••••••••••• 1
FigurFiguree 2 ProposeProposedd FaulFaultt RelationshipRelationshipss SurroundingSurrounding ThThee NortherNorthernn UtaUtahh HighlanHighland.d • • • • • • • • • *• • 3636
PlatPlatee I GeologiGeologicc MaMapp endand SectionSectionss ooff SoutherSouthernn InIn LakesidLakesidee MountainsMountains,, TooelTooelee CountyCounty,, UtaUtahh •... • • . • PocketPocket
PlatPlatee IIII PostulatedPostulated Ge:>morphicGeomcrphic DevelopmenDevelopmentt ofof thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains fron1from L2.teLe-te TertiaryTertiary Ti~cTime tt~o thethe PresentPresent •••••••••••••...... •. • • 4141
PlatPlatee IIIIII GeneralizedGeneralised StrC1.tigraphicStratigraphic .3ection,Section, LakesideLakeside Mountains,Mountains, UtahUtah ••••• • • • • • • • • 44
iviv GEOLOGYGEOLOGY OFOF THETHE
SOUTHERNSOUTHERN LAKESIDLAKESIDEE MOUNTAINSMOUNTAINS,, UTAHUTAH 1
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
TheThe vastvast regionregion encompassingencompassing westerwesternn UtahUtah andand mosmostt ofof NevadaNevada
isis relativelyrelatively untoucheuntouchedd geologically.geologically. OnlyOnly a fewfew importantimportant contribucontribu
tionstions toto thethe geologygeology ofof thithiss areaarea havehave beebeenn mademade atat widelywidely separatedseparated
intervalsintervals inin thethe past.past. ManyMany litUelittle knowknownn basinbasinss andand rangesranges stillstill awaitawait
investigationinvestigation byby thethe earthearth scientist.scientist.
ThoughThough ththee geologygeology ofof ththee WasatchWasatch frontfront iiss fairlyfairly welwelll knownknown
througthroughh thethe worksworks ofof numerousnumerous geologists,geologists, notnot muchmuch ofof generalgeneral imim
portancportancee hashas beenbeen publishepublishedd concerningconcerning thethe geologygeology ofof westernwestern UtahUtah
exceptingexcepting thethe followingfollowing works:works: King'sKing's classicalclassical FortiethFortieth ParallelParallel
Survey;Survey; andand UU.. S.S. G.G. S.S. ProfessionalProfessional PapersPapers nono.. IllIll,, "Ore"Ore DepositsDeposits
ofof UtahUtah" I!;; no.no. 80,80, "Geology"Geology andand OreOre DepositsDeposits ooff thethe SanSan FranciscoFrancisco
andand AdjacentAdjacent Districts,Districts, Utah";Utah"; bbyy B.B, S.S. Butler;Butler; nono., 173,173, "Geology"Geology
andand OreOre DepositsDeposits ofof ththee StocktonStockton andand FairfielFairfieldd Quadrangles.Quadrangles, Utah,Utah, II"
bbyy JamesJames Gilluly;Gilluly; andand nono., 177,177, "ThliThee GoldGold HillHill MiningMining District,District,
UtahUtah,, II" byby T.T. BB.. Nolan.Nolan.
TheThe writewriterr undertookundertook a studystudy ofof thethe southernsouthern parpartt ofof thethe
LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains,, Tooele.Tooele. County.County, UtahUtah,, asas a subjectsubject forfor a master'smaster's thesisthesis uponupon thethe suggestionsuggestion ofof J.J. StewartStewart Williams,Williams, ProfessoProfessorr ofof
GeologyGeology atat thethe UtahUtah StateState AgriculturaAgriculturall College.College. TheThe purposepurpose ofof thethe
• • .,' H .. ,' 0 0 ' A f) j'" "'-'~=F''''''''9''-T'''t=IFf-f'r' '~r~T"---1 ""T•...,.. .,- ..-:-:~- , - ·' ~ . \1 ~l .. ~or $"Ie By Kintzel Blue Print Co . • • ' T ' ): • • " " ' - '1' ,. , . ,: CASPER WYOMING < ... C H r I ' ! .. . , ., . . . l . . : - ~~..,.A+o"""';'''''''++~" . ,1 . ,' ~ H.' UTA H \ -l : :1 )~ . , . " ~ . ~J / -I ....
1tH" i : ; , .' !. . C - , TOO . ' " i~ I ,. ; or', , I 1 j • · o/- ~-t.-I~ ~ ' :- -' 0 ..:r ;- . -~ U ' I I I
A o N A 2
studystudy waswas ttoo describedescribe thethe locallocal geologicgeologic featuresfeatures ofof thethe areaarea andand toto determinedetermine theitheirr relationshiprelationship toto broadebroaderr structuralstructural andand stratigraphicstratigraphic featuresfeatures ofof thethe GreatGreat SaltSalt LakeLake BasinBasin andand adjacentadjacent areas.areas.
TheThe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains areare a northnorth byby northwestnorthwest trendintrendingg rrang.angee ofof PaleozPaleozoi.oicc rocksrocks locatedlocated onon thethe southwestsouthwest .,ideside ofof GreatGreat SaltSalt Lake.Lake.
WithWith a lengtlengthh ofof appJ'oximatelyapproximately 1818 milesmiles andand a maximummaximum widthwidth ofof aboutabout 5 mUes,miles, theythey formform oneone ofof thethe smallersmaller unitsunits ofof thethe so-calledso-called BasinBasin andand RaRang.ngee systemsystem ofof mountainmountain ranges.ranges. TheyThey areare reachedreached fromfrom SaltSalt
LakeLake CityCity bbyy travellintravellingg westwest onon highwahighwayy 4040-5 .. 500 forfor 6060 miles.miles. ThisThis highwayhighway andand thethe WesternWestern Pacifi.cPacific RailroadRailroad skirtskirt thethe southsouth endend ofof thethe range.range. TheThe smallsmall railroadrailroad settlementsettlement ofof DelleDelle isis locatedlocated atat thethe southernsouthern titipp ofof thethe rangrangee andand isis thethe pointpoint fromfrom whicwhichh unimproveunimprovedd dirtdirt roadsroads leadlead intointo thethe area.area. TheseThese roads,roads, ververyy poopo.orr toto impassibleimpassible inin wetwet weather,weather, skirtskirt thethe easterneastern andand westernwestern marginmarginss ofof ththee rangerange andand areare uuse.sedd almostalmost exclusivelyexclusively byby stockmenstockmen whowho winterwinter sheepsheep andand cattlecattle inin thethe area.area. AnotherAnother dirtdirt roadroad leadsleads northwardnorthward fromfrom DelleDelle toto thethe CalCal-Uta .. Utahh mine,mine, a distancedistance ofof aboutabout 5 milesmiles (Plate(Plate 1).I). FIELDFIELD WORKWORK ANDAND j\.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CKNOWLEDGEMENTSS
FielFieldd warkwork waswas carriedcarried onon duringduring thethe fallfall ofof 19501950 andand thethe winterwinter andand springspring ofof 1951.1951. TheThe geologygeology waswas plotteplottedd oonn aerialaerial photographsphotographs havinghaving a scalescale ofof aboutabout threethree inchesinches toto ththee milemile.. }\nAn approxirnateapproximate landland gridgrid systemsystem waswas constructedconstructed onon ththee photographphotographss bbyy interpolationinterpolation betweenbetween knowknownn sectionsection cornerscorners a.ccuratelyaccurately locatedlocated onon thethe photographs.photographs.
TheThe geologygeology onon ththee phctcgraphsphotographs waswas thenthen transferredtransferred toto a mamapp byby meanmeanss ofof a RadialRadial PlanimetricPlanimetric Plotter.Plotter.
SincereSincere appreciationappreciation isis extendedextended ttoo ProfessorProfessor WilliamWilliam LeeLee
Stokes,Stokes, "-;rmand/ rmand J.J. EardleyEardley,, andand F.F. W.W. ChristiansenChristiansen forfor valuablevaluable suggestionssuggestions andand criticismscriticisms pertainingpertaining ttoo botbothh ththee fieldfield workwork andand prepre parationparation ofof thethe reportrepo-rt.. ProfessoProfessorr Stokers'Stoker s ' identificationidentification ofof fossilsfossils isis gratefullygratefully acknowledged.acknowledged. TheThe writerwriter isis alsoalso indebtedindebted toto thethe DepartmentDepartment ofof GeologyGeology ofof thethe UniversitUniversityy ofof UtaUtahh forfor financialfinancial a.ssistance,assistance, andand toto thethe
StandardStandard OilOil CompanyCompany ofof CaliforniaCalifornia forfor thethe ususee ofof theirtheir aerialae r 1a 1 photophoto graphsgraphs andand measuremeasuredd section.section. ThanksThanks isis givengiven ttoo MelvinMelvin C.C. Johnson,Johnson,
RodRod MM.. NielNielson,s on, HenrHenryy J.J. Moore,Moore, HarolHaroldd J.J. Clifford,Clifford, andand RalphRalph
GoodellGoodell foforr untiringuntiring assistanceassistance inin thethe measuremenmeasurementt ofof sections.sections. 4
STRATIGRAPHYSTRATIGRA PHY
IntroductionIntroduction
MarineMarine stratastrata representingrepresenting everyevery geologigeologicc perioperiodd fromfrom CambrianCambrian ttoo PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniann areare wellwell exposedexposed iinn ththee LakesidLakesidee Mountains.Mountains. RocksRocks
araree predOlninantlypredominantly dolomitesdolomites andand limestones,limestones, withwith lesserlesser arnountsamounts ofof
sandstone,sandstone, siltstone,siltstone, shale,shale, andand quartzite.quartzite. PrPree CambrianCambrian andand
MesozoicMesozoic rocksrocks areare notnot exposedexposed inin thethe area.area. TheThe nearesnearestt sectionssections
witwithh whicwhichh correlationcorrelation isis attemptedattempted areare iinn ththee OquirrhOquirrh MountainsMountains •i (Gi11u1y, 193Z). the Logan Quadrangle (Williams, 1948), and the (Gilluly, 1932), the Logan Quadrangle (Williams, 1948), and the Randolph Quadrangle (Kindle. 1908, Richardson, 1913). Randolph Quadrangle (Kindle, 1908, Richardson, 1913). Detailed measurement of sections was made b.V means of a Detailed measurement of sections was made by means of a Brunton-tape traverse. The Lower and Middle Cambrian section. Brunton-tape traverse. The Lower and Middle Cambrian section, and part of the Upper Cambrian Lynch dolomite, were measured in and part of the Upper Cambrian Lynch dolomite, were measured in
section 1. T. 2 N., R. 9 W., and sections 17, 20, and 29 of T. Z N. J section 1, T. 2 N. , R. 9 W. , and sections 17, 20, and 29 of T. 2 N. , R. 8 W. The remaining Cambrian section was measured in section R. 8 W. The remaining Cambrian section was measured in section 10, T. Z N •• R. 9 W. Measurement of the Lower Ordovician to upper 10, T. 2 N. , R. 9 W. Measurement of the Lower Ordovician to upper Mississippian sequence began in se.ctions 35 and 36 of T. Z N., R. 9 W .• Mississippian sequence began in sections 35 and 36 of T. 2 N. , R. 9 W. , and proceeded in a southeasterly direction through section 1 of T. 1 N. , and proceeded in a southeasterly direction through section 1 of T. IN., R. 9 W., and sections 6, 7,8, and 17 of T. IN., R. 8 W. The upper R. 9 W. , and sections 6, 7, 8, and 17 of T. 1 N. , R. 8 W. The upper Mississippian - lower Pennsylvanian (?) Manning Canyon formation which Mississippian • lower Pennsylvanian (?) Manning Canyon formation which PLATEPLATE IIIHI 7/~7\ ' > . 1 r . ". : '. ' h-'-r~ ~TTT
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1 ~ ~ ~ ~~;" : )"~,i: ~. t:~;-, ~:~~i: . ';;; ~j.~ ~I~W ,"'-:i' .... 1,.: ' ".".' -t ; / - . S •. ~ : occursoccurs inin veryvery limitedlimited exposuresexposures westwest ofof thethe LakesideLakeside fault,fault, andand thethe
severalseveral thousanthousandd feetfeet ofof PennsylvanianPennsylvanian -• PermianPermian sandstonesandstone andand
limestonelimestone ofof thethe OquirrhOquirrh formationformation occurringoccurring inin thethe southernsouthern partpart ofof
thethe areaarea werweree notnot measuredmeasured.. LateLate TertiaryTertiary (1),(?), Pleistocene,Pleistocene, andand
RecenRecentt alluviumalluvium ofof unknownunknown thicknessthickness flanksflanks thethe range.range.
CambrianCambrian SystemSystem
RockRockss ofof CambrianCambrian ageage areare widelywidely exposedexposed inin ththee northernorthernn pa.rtpart
! ofof thethe areaarea mappedmapped.. NoneNone ofof ththee fewfew fossilsfossils collectedcollected werweree diagnosticdiagnostic
ofof thethe Cambrian,Cambrian, consequentlyconsequently correlationcorrelation waswas basedbased onon lithologiclithologic
featuresfeatures andand stratigraphicstratigraphic positionposition belobeloww knownknown earlyearly OrdovicianOrdovician rocks.rocks.
FiveFive lithologicallylithologically distinctdistinct divisionsdivisions areare recognized:recognized: a lowerlower quartzitequartzite
ofof unknownunknown thicknessthickne'ss;; a thithinn shale;shale; a thicthickk seriesseries ofof limestonelimestone andand shalyshaly
limestone;limestone; a thinthin calcareouscalcareous shale;shale; andand a thickthick dolomiticdolomitic sequence.sequence.
TheseThese divisionsdivisions areare tentativeltentativelyy correlatedcorrelated withwith ththee OquirrhOquirrh MountainsMountains
sectionsection ofof GillulyGilluly (1932)(1932) andand areare namenamedd accordingly.accordingly. ItIt isis recognizedrecognized
thatthat moremore thoroughthorough studystudy wouldwould undoubtedlyundoubtedly renderrender furtherfurther divisiondivision ofof
thethe threethree uppeupperr formations,formations, asas wellwell asas probableprobable highehigherr placemenplacementt ofof
thethe Cambrian-Cambrian - OrdovicianOrdovician boundary,boundary, advisable.advisable. TheThe writerwriter leavesleaves
thesethese revisionsrevisions ttoo thosthosee moremore familiarfamiliar withwith thethe CambrianCambrian systemsystem inin
westernwestern Utah.Utah. 6
TinticTintic QuartziteQuartzite
ApproximatelyApproximately 740740 feetfeet ofof TintiTinticc quartzitequartzite cropscrops outout inin thethe exex tremetreme northeasternnortheastern partpart ofof thethe areaarea andand formsforms lowlow "bald""bald" hillshills onon thethe otherwiseotherwise featurelessfeatureless lakelake flat.flat. WhiteWhite ttoo rustyrusty toto purplpurplee crosscross- beddebeddedd quartzitesquartzites predominatepredominate,, withwith muchmuch ofof thethe lowelowerr halfhalf ofof thethe sectionsection containingcontaining abundantabundant pebblepebbless uupp ttoo 1 inchinch inin diameter.diameter.
NeitherNeither ththee totopp nonorr bottobottomm portionportionss werewere actuallyactually seenseen bubutt ththee upperupper partpart becomebecomess finerfiner grainedgrained andand slightlyslightly micaceousmicaceous andand probablyprobably gradesgrades intointo thethe overlyingoverlying OphirOphir shale.shale.
ItIt isis fairlyfairly certaincertain thathatt atat leastleast thethe uppeupperr parpartt ofof thethe TinticTintic quartzitequartzite isis ooff earlyearly CambrianCambrian ageage forfor itit lieslies conformablyconformably beneathbeneath aa shaleshale formationformation containingcontaining LowerLower andand MiddleMiddle CambrianCambrian fossils.fossils.
(Gilluly,(Gilluly, 1932,1932, pp.. 8).8).
OphirOphir ShaleShale
TheThe positiopositionn ooff ththee non-resistantnon-resistant OphirOphir shaleshale isis indicatedindicated byby a f'covered""covered" intervalinterval withwith smallsmall fragmentsfragments ofof micaceous.micaceous, greengreen toto olive-drabolive-drab ttoo graygray shaleshale occurringoccurring asas float.float. TheThe thicknessthickness ooff thisthis intervalinterval wawass estimatedestimated toto bbee 150-200150-200 feet.feet. TheThe OphirOphir isis reportedreported toto lielie conformablyconformably uponupon ththee TinticTintic quartzitequartzite atat otherother placesplaces andand isis thoughthoughtt ttoo dodo soso herehere.. A LoweLowerr andand MiddlMiddlee CambrianCambrian ageage isis assignedassigned toto thethe formationformation byby CillulyDilluly (1932,(1932, pp.. 11-12).11-12). 17
HartmannHartmann (1)(?) LimestoneLimestone
TheThe firstfirst bedrocbedrockk outcropoutcrop aboveabove thethe OphirOphir shaleshale intervalinterval isis aa silty.silty, blue-grayblue-gray limestone.limestone. ItsIts contactcontact withwith thethe underlyingunderlying shaleshale waswas nonott observed.observed. SubordinateSubordinate Ophir-likeOphir-like shalesshales whichwhich areare interbeddedinter bedded . withwith thethe limestonelimestone probablyprobably indicateindicate a transitiontransition zonezone betweenbetween thethe shaleshale andand limestone.limestone. SeveralSeveral prominenprominentt bedsbeds ofof micaceoumicaceouss limestonelimestone andand
shale,shale, oneone 3535 feetfeet thickthick,, occuroccur atat higherhigher horizonshorizons inin thethe limestonelimestone indiindi catingcating thethe recurrencrecurrencee ofof conditionsconditions favorablefavorable ttoo ththee depositiondeposition ofof shale.shale.
InIn addition,addition, thinthin,, brownbrown toto tantan siltysilty partingspartings areare prominenprominentt throughoutthroughout ththee lowerlower two-thirdstwo-thirds ofof thethe formationformation andand givegive crudelycrudely bandebandedd appearanceappearance toto thethe outcrops.outcrops. ThreeThree thinthin bedbedss ofof dolomitedolomite occuroccur inin thethe upperupper oneone- fourthfourth ofof thethe formation.formation. TheThe totatotall thicknessthickness ofof thethe HartmanHartman (?)(?) inin thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains isis 10621062 feet.feet. TheThe presencpresencee ofof severalseveral cliff-formingcliff-forming membermemberss producesproduces alternatingalternating steepsteep andand gentlegentle slopes.slopes.
TheThe onlyonly fossilfossil remainremainss foundfound inin thethe intervalinterval areare unidentifiableunidentifiable trilobittrilobitee fragments.fragments. CloserCloser examinationexamination wouldwould probablprobablyy yielyieldd diagnosticdiagnostic fossils.fossils. CorrelationCorrelation withwith thethe MiddleMiddle CambrianCambrian HartmannHartmann limestonelimestone isis proposedproposed solelysolely onon thethe basisbasis ofof lithologylithology andand stratigraphicstratigraphic position.position. TheThe boundarboundaryy betweenbetween thethe HartmannHartmann (?)(?) limestonelimestone andand thethe overlyinoverlyingg BowmanBowman (?)(?) limestonelimestone appearsappears ttoo bebe gradationalgradational andand wawass arbitratilyarbitratily placedplaced atat thethe bottombottom ofof ththee firstfirst prominenprominentt non-resistantnon-resistant bedbed inin ththee gradationalgradational intervalinterval betweenbetween thethe two.two. 8
MeasuremenMeasurementt ofof thithiss formationformation waswas brokenbroken atat oneone pointpoint soso thatthat thethe thicknesthicknesss presentepresentedd herheree maymay bbee inaccurate.inaccurate. TheThe writerwriter regardsregards itit toto bbee fairlyfairly closeclose toto thethe truetrue thickness,thickness, however.however.
BowmanBowman (?)(?) limestonelimestone
TheThe BowmanBowman (?)(?) limestonelimestone ofof MiddlMiddlee CambrianCambrian ageage (Gilluly,(Gilluly,
1932,1932, pp.. 15)15) restrestss conformablyconformably upouponn thethe HartmannHartmann (?)(?) limestone.limestone. InIn thethe LakesideLakeside MountainMountainss ththee BowmanBowman consistsconsists ofof 167167 feetfeet ofof poorlypoorly exex posed,posed, thin-beddedthin-bedded andand non-resistant,non-resistant, siltysilty limestoneslimestones andand shales,shales, andand subordinatesubordinate intraformationalintraformational conglomerate.conglomerate. A conspicuousconspicuous 1818 footfoot layerlayer ofof slightlyslightly siltysilty limestonelimestone containingcontaining abundantabundant small.small, black,black, carbonaceouscarbonaceous (?)(?) nodulesnodules occursoccurs 3131 feetfeet aboveabove thethe base.base. AbovAbovee thisthis membermember iiss a 6060 footfoot intervalinterval ofof dense,dense, non-resistantnon-resistant,, blue-grablue-grayy toto blue-greeblue-greenn nodulanodularr limestonelimestone interbeddedinterbedded withwith £issil,fissil, gray-greengray-green toto oliveolive drabdrab shaleshale andand occasionaloccasional intraformationalintraformational conglomerate.conglomerate. TheThe upperupper 50-6050-60 feetfeet ofof thethe formationformation andand thethe upperupper contactcontact werweree concealedconcealed byby debrisdebris derivedderived fromfrom ththee overlyingoverlying cliffscliffs ofof massivemassive LynchLynch (?)(?) dolomite,dolomite, andand theitheirr charactercharacter wawass notnot ascertained.ascertained.
LynchLynch (?)(?) DolomiteDolomite
33273327 feetfeet ofof massivemassive lighlightt - ibtb darkdark - graygray dolomitesdolomites restsrests withwith apparentapparent conformityconformity upouponn ththee BowmanBowman (1)(?) limestone.limestone. TheseThese bedsbeds areare 9 correlatedcorrelated withwith thethe UppeUpperr CambrianCambrian LyncLynchh dolomitdolomitee inin thethe OquirrhOquirrh
MountainMountainss onon ththee basibasiss ofof lithologiclithologic similaritysimilarity andand stratigraphicstratigraphic positionposition aboveabove probablprobablee MiddlMiddlee CambrianCambrian limestonelimestone andand belobeloww LowerLower OrdovicianOrdovician limes+.one.limestone. FossilsFossils areare exceedinglyexceedingly scarcescarce inin thethe formationformation andand nono diagnosticdiagnostic onesones werewere collected.collected. TheThe lowerlower boundarboundaryy wawass concealedconcealed butbut cancan bbee locatedlocated approximatelyapproximately atat ththee basebase ofof ththee massivmassivee dolomitedolomite cliffscliffs whichwhich risrisee aboveabove thethe non-resistantnon-resistant BowmanBowman (?)(?) limestone.limestone. RapiRapidd laterallateral changeschanges inin ththee lowermostlowermost bedsbeds ofof ththee LynchLynch dolomitedolomite suchsuch asas havehave beenbeen describeddescribed inin ththee OquirrhOquirrh MountainMountainss (Gilluly.(Gilluly, 1932.1932, p.p. 16)16) werewere notnot apparentapparent inin ththee LakesideLakeside Mountains.Mountains. TheThe lowermostlowermost bedbedss inin ththee LakesidesLakesides,, howhow ever,ever, werewere tracedtraced forfor onlyonly a shortshort distance.distance.
TheThe lowerlower 224224 feetfeet ofof thethe LyncLynchh (?)(?) dolomitedolomite formsforms a prominentprominent cliffcliff andand consistsconsists ofof denselydensely crystallinecrystalline medium-tomedium-to dark-gradark-grayy dolomitedolomite inin thethe lowerlower halhalff andand a ververyy lightlight graygray dolomitedolomite inin thethe upperupper half.half. AA conspicuousconspicuous 1414 footfoot zonezone ofof alternatingalternating lightlight andand darkdark bandsbands ofof dolomitedolomite separatesseparates thesethese twotwo zones.zones. AboveAbove thethe bottombottom membememberr lielie alternatingalternating thicthickk andand thithinn layerslayers ofof light,light, mediummedium andand dark-graydark-gray dolomitedolomite withwith severalseveral thinthin limestonelimestone membersmembers.. FairlyFairly rapidrapid laterallateral variatiovariationn inin thethe colorcolor ofof somesome ofof thesethese layerslayers isis common.common. Cliff-formingCliff-forming membersmembers predominatpredominatee bubutt alternatealternate withwith softersofter membersmembers.. TheThe topographytopography createdcreated isis generallygenerally ruggeruggedd andand abruptabrupt inin character.character. SlightlySlightly aboveabove ththee middlemiddle ofof thethe formationformation isis a conspicuousconspicuous sandysandy zonzonee havinhavingg severalseveral thithinn bedsbeds ofof impureimpure toto almostalmost purpuree andand partlpartlyy crossbeddedcrossbedded sandstone.sandstone. ThisThis zonezone 1010 thi.nsthins andand variesvaries considerablyconsiderably inin charactercharacter fromfrom wherwheree itit waswas measuredmeasured onon thethe westernwestern sideside ofof thethe rangrangee ttoo ththee easterneastern sideside ofof thethe rangrangee andand maymay havehave onlyonly a localizedlocalized extent.extent. TheThe upperupper parpartt ofof thethe formationformation cancan bbee didi videvidedd intointo twotwo partsparts onon thethe basibasiss ofof color.color. TheThe lowerlower halfhalf isis mostlymostly dense,dense, darkdark gray,gray, cliff-formingcliff-forming dolomitedolomite havinhavingg a fewfew lightlight layers.layers. TheThe uppeupperr halfhalf isis mostlymostly mediummedium toto lightlight graygray dolomitedolomite ---- somewhatsomewhat lessless
resistantresistant thanthan thatthat belowbelow bubutt stillstill formingforming steepsteep andand ruggedrugged slopes.slopes. TheseThese twtwoo upperupper intervalsintervals showshow laterallateral changeschanges inin botbothh colorcolor andand thicknessthickness ofof theirtheir cons.tituentconstituent units.units.
NumerousNumerous small,small, rod-likerod-like oror "twiggy""twiggy" bodiebodiess ofof whitewhite crystallinecrystalline dolomitedolomite areare characteristiccharacteristic ofof manymany ofof thethe darkerdarker layerslayers ofof ththee LyncLynchh (?)(?) dolomite.dolomite. TheyThey becornebecome moremore numerousnumerous progressivelyprogressively upwardsupwards andand createcreate a "spangledt!"spangled" effecteffect upouponn closeclose examination.examination. NNoo bedbedss whichwhich couldcould confidentlyconfidently bbee usedused overover mucmuchh distancedistance asas "markerl!"marker" bedbedss werewere foundfound inin ththee formation.formation.
TheThe upperupper boundaryboundary ofof ththee LynchLynch (?)(?) dolomitedolomite isis difficultdifficult toto place.place.
NNoo boundarboundaryy thatthat woulwouldd bebe generallygenerally satisfactorysatisfactory couldcould bebe establishedestablished inin thethe field.field. TheThe uppermosuppermostt bedbedss varyvary alongalong strikestrike betweenbetween dolomitedolomite andand limestone.limestone. AtAt somesome placesplaces ththee contactcontact appearsappears toto bebe markedmarked byby aa
suddensudden changechange fromfrom dolomitedolomite toto Iltypical""typical" GardenGarden CityCity limestone.limestone. AtAt
otheotherr placesplaces therethere mamayy bebe severalseveral alternatingalternating bedbedss ofof limestonelimestone andand dolomite.dolomite. AlthoughAlthough suchsuch variationvariation inin somesome casescases isis duedue ttoo dolomitizadolomitiza- tiontion neanearr faultsfaults andand fissures.fissures, thesethese variationvariationss alsoalso occuroccur awayaway fromfrom alteredaltered areasareas andand musn"lustt bebe primaryprimary inin naturenature.. A moremore thoroughthorough studystudy 1111 shouldshould bbee mademade ofof thisthis boundaryboundary zonezone inin orderorder toto ascertainascertain itsits charactercharacter andand significance.significance. AccordingAccording toto GrantGrant SteeleSteele (personal(personal communication,communication,
1951),1951), whowho isis studyingstudying thethe CambrianCambrian ofof thethe easterneastern GreatGreat Basin,Basin, ththee upperupper partpart ofof ththee typetype LynchLynch dolodolomitmitee in thethe OquirrhOquirrh MountainsMountains isis earlyearly Ordovicia:nOrdovician inin age.age. From this,this, itit woulwouldd seemseem thathatt thethe upperupper partpart ofof ththee LynchLynch (?)(?) inin thethe LakesidesLake sides maymay alsoalso bebe OOrdovicianrdovician..
OrdovicianOrdovician SystemSystem
FormationsFormations inin thethe Ordo'\ricianOrdovician systemsystem ofof thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains areare correlatedcorrelated withwith thosethose rerecognize.cognizedd byby RichardsonRichardson (1913(1913)) iinn ththee RandolphRandolph
QQuadrangluadranglee ofof northeasternnortheastern UtahUtah.. ThreeThree lithologicallylithologically distinctdistinct formaforma .. tionstions areare present:present: LowerLower OrdovicianOrdovician GardenGarden CityCity limestone;limestone; MiddleMiddle
OrdovicianOrdovician SwanSwan PeakPeak formation;formation; UpperUpper OrdovicianOrdovician FishFish HavenHaven dolomite.dolomite.
TheyThey areare veryvery wellwell exposedexposed onon bothboth sidessides ofof thethe range.range. LacLackk ofof recognizedrecognized
OOrdoviciardoviciann inin thethe OquirrhOquirrh Mountains,Mountains, andand dissimilaritydissimilarity witwithh ththee OrdovicianOrdovician inin thethe GoldGold HillHill districtdistrict precludesprecludes correlatingcorrelating specificspecific LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains
OrdovicianOrdovician formationsformations witwithh eithereither ofof thesethese sections.sections.
F.F. F.F. HintzeHintze (1949,(1949, p.p. 42)42) recognizedrecognized thethe aboveabove divisionsdivisions inin thethe
LakesideLakeside Mountains.Mountains. HeHe collectedcollected fossilsfossils andand estimatedestimated thicknessethicknessess atat aboutabout ththee samesame localitylocality measuredmeasured byby thethe writer.writer. HeHe concludedconcluded thatthat ""ththee fossilsfossils foundfound indicateindicate littlelittle doubtdoubt asas toto correlationcorrelation withwith ththee northeasternnortheastern
UtahUtah sectionsection inin whichwhich thethe samesame fossilsfossils areare presentpresent andand ththee lithololithologgyy
strikinglystrikingly similar.similar. "" 1212
GardeGardenn CityCity LimestoneLimestone
HintzeHintze estestimateimatedd a thicknessthickness ofof 840840 ,.- feetfeet ofof GardenGarden CityCity limestonelimestone
inin thethe LakesideLakeside Mountains.. TheThe writerwriter measuremeasuredd slightlyslightly overover a thousandthousand feetfeet butbut waswas notnot certaincertain ofof ththee lowerlower contact.contact. TheThe limestonelimestone isis mostlymostly
darkdark ttoo mediumediumm graygray onon freshfresh fracturefracture andand weathersweathers generallygenerally blue-g:ray.blue-gray.
ItIt isis denselydensely ~rystallinecrystalline toto fragmentalfragmental withwith manymany chertycherty andand siltysilty layerslayers andand fairlyfairly commoncommon intraformationalintraformational conglomerate.conglomerate. TheThe upperupper halfhalf isis
slightlyslightly moremore siltysilty thanthan thethe lowerlower halfhalf andand hashas a decideddecided brownisbrownishh tingetinge
whenwhen seenseen fromfrom a distance.distance. TheThe formation,formation, asas a whole.whole, pproduceroducess steepsteep andand ruggedrugged topography.topography. SiltSilt increasesincreases inin thethe uppeupperr 100100 feetfeet andand thethe formationformation finallyfinally gradesgrades intointo thethe SwanSwan PeakPeak formationformation ---- thethe boundaryboundary
beinbeingg arbitrarilyarbitrarily chosenchosen wherewhere siltsilt andand sandsand becomebecome andand remairemainn prominentprominent..
A fossilfossil collectioncollection fromfrom thethe lowerlower partpart (?)(?) ofof thethe SwanSwan PeakPeak indicatesindicates thethe
arbitrararbitraryy naturenature ofof ththee boundarboundaryy andand isis listedlisted inin thethe followingfollowing sectionsection
underunder thethe SwanSwan PeakPeak formation.formation.
SwanSwan PeakPeak FormationFormation
EdwiEdwinn KirkKirk (1933,(1933, p.p. 38)38) diddid nonott recognizerecognize ththee presencepresence ofof thethe
SwanSwan PeakPeak formationformation (partly.(partly, ifif notnot Whollywholly equivalentequivalent toto thethe EurekaEureka
quartzitequartzite inin hishis article)article) inin thethe LakesidLakesidee Mountains.F.Mountains. F. FF., HintzeHintze
(1949.(1949, p. 42)42) recognizerecognizedd itit butbut reportedreported a thicknessthickness ofof onlyonly 2 feet.feet.
Later,Later, LehiLehi F.F. HintzeHintze (195l,(1951, pp.. 91-92)91-92) m.easuredmeasured thethe formationformation inin . thethe
LakesidLakesidee MoMountainuntainss andand subdividedsubdivided itit intointo twtwoo unitsunits havinghaving anan aggregataggregatee " .' 1313 thicknessthickness orof 141141 feet.feet. HeHe recognizedrecognized a lowerlower unit,unit, 140140 feetfeet thick,thick, con-con sistingsisting f)fof interbeddedinter bedded shales,shales, siltstonessilt stones andand lim.stones.limestones, andand anan upperupper quartziticquartzitic unitunit 1 footfoot thick.thick. TheThe author,author, unawareunaware ofof thesethese previousprevious mea:;·U'ements.measurements, measuredmeasured 124124 feetfeet ofof mostlymostly silty.silty, fucoidallimestonesfucoidal limestones an.dand siltstones,silt stones, toppedtopped byby 1515 feetfeet ofof sandstonesandstone andand quartzite.quartzite. ThisThis totaltotal thicknessthickness ofof 139139 feetfeet agreesagrees veryvery wellwell withwith LehiLehi HintzeHintze' ISs measurementmeasurement ofof 141141 feet. •. TheThe upperupper sandysandy andand quartziticquartzitic layerlayer showsshows considerableconsiderable variationvariation inin thicknessthickness andand maymay possiblypossibly eveneven lenselense outout atat somesome places.places.
TheThe SwanSwan PeakPeak formationformation isis a distinctdistinct non-resistantnon-resistant unitunit whichwhich isis easilyeasily trac~d.traced sincesince itit lieslies bdwcellbetween twotwo resistantresistant andand massivemassive formations.formations. ItsIts llpperupper contactcontact isis extremelyextremely abrupt.abrupt, consistingconsisting ofof aa sharpsharp changechange fromfrom lightlight graygray toto wh!tewhite sandsto:'lesandstone oror quartzitequartzite toto darkdark gray,gray, veryvery resistanresistantt dolomite.dolomite.
FossilsFossils collectedcollected inin thethe SwanSwan PeakPeak for!nationformation atat itsits pointpoint ofof measurementmeasurement havehave beenbeen reportedreported uponupon byby Dr.Dr. StokesStokes asas follows:follows:
OrthOrthisi s 5wanenGisswanens i s PhosphaticPhosphatic braciopodsbraciopods OstracodsOstracods GonioteluGonioteluss petersonipetersoni CyrtoconeCyrtocone cephalopodscephalopod- s TherTheree cacann bbee nnoo doubdoubtt thathatt thithiss iiss ththee wide:sp'l:"ea.dwidespread faunfaunaa founfoundd iinn manmanyy placeplacess jusjustt belobeloww oorr iinn ththee basalbasal parpartt ooff ththee SwaSwan.n PeaPeakk quartzitequartzite.. ThThee orthiorthidd brachiopodsbrachiopods anandd GonioteluGoni
FisFishh HaveHavenn DolomiteDolomite
ThTh~e FisFishh HaveHave:nn dolomitdolomitee cropcropss ououtt aass a serieseriess ooff mediumediumm toto darda.rkk gragrayy cliffcliffss risinrisingg abovabovee ththee gentlgentlyy slopinslopingg benchbench formeformedd bbyy thethe ( 1414
SwanSwan PeakPeak formationformation andand hashas anan aggregateaggregate thicknessthickness ooff 515144 feet.feet. TheThe lowerlower 100100 feetfeet consistsconsists ofof distinctivelydistinctively bandedbanded layerslayers ofof lighlightt andand darkdark gray,gray, coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline dolomite.dolomite. TheThe bandsbands varyvary inin thicknesthicknesss fromfrom lessless thanthan anan inchinch toto 1515-2 .. 200 feetfeet andand thethe thickerthicker onesones araree easileasilyy observedobserved fromfrom a distance.distance. TheThe remair;.ingremaining partpart isis mademade upup ofof generallygenerally dense,dense, massive,massive, somewhatsomewhat cherty,cherty, lightlight toto darkdark graygray dolomite.dolomite. LargLargee chainchain coralscorals (Halysites(Halysites sp.)sp. ) werewere foundfound byby thethe author.author. HintzeHintze reportereportedd thesethese andand alsoalso StreptelasmaStreptelasma andand FavositesFavosites (1949,(1949, pp.. 42).42).
SilurianSilurian SystemSystem
LaketownLaketown DolomiteDolomite
OnlyOnly oneone SilurianSilurian formationformation occursoccurs inin thethe LakesideLakeside section,section, namely,namely, ththee LaketownLaketown dolomite,dolomite, originallyoriginally recognizedrecognized bbyy RichardsonRichardson inin thethe RandolphRandolph QuadrangleQuadrangle (1913,p.(1913, p. 407).407). TheThe LaketownLaketown iiss a cliff-formercliff-former andand difficultdifficult toto separateseparate fromfrom thethe underlyingunderlying FishFish HavenHaven dolomite.dolomite. AnAn examinationexamination ofof thethe sectionsection inin companycompany withwith Wm.Wm. LeeLee StokesStokes revealerevealedd anan inconspicuousinconspicuous horizonhorizon whichwhich isis believedbelieved toto markmark thethe contactcontact.. TheThe bedsbeds aboveabove thisthis horizonhorizon areare generallygenerally moremore massivemassive andand uniformluniformlyy colored.colored.
TheyThey containcontain numerousnumerous vugsvugs ---- somesome linedlined withwith clearclear quartquartzz crystal;crystal; andand thethe presencpresencee ofof pentameroidpentameroid brachiopodsbrachiopods andand largelarge crinoidcrinoid stemsstems isis a goodgood indication,indication, accoriiingaccording toto Dr.Dr. Stokes,Stokes, ooff a SilurianSilurian ratheratherr thanthan
OrdovicianOrdovician age.age. 15
F.F. F.F. HintzeHintze (1949,(1949, p.p. 42)42) recognizedrecognized thethe presencepresence ofof thethe LaketownLaketown dolomitedolomite inin thethe LakesideLakeside Mountains.Mountains. AlthoughAlthough hehe waswas unableunable toto findfind aa suitablesuitable plainplain ofof ,separationseparation betweenbetween thethe OrdovicianOrdovician andand SilurianSilurian dolomites.dolomites, hehe estimatedestimated thethe thicknessthickness ofof each.each. nisHis thicknessthickness ofof 500500 feetfeet forfor thethe
FishFish HavenHaven cOrI'espondscorresponds surprisinglysurprisingly wellwell withwith thethe 514514 feetfeet measuredmeasured byby thethe author.author. TheThe author'sauthor's measuredmeasured thicknessthickness ofof 546546 feetfeet ofof LaketownLaketown dolomitedolomite isis considerablyconsiderably greatergreater thanthan Hintze'sHintze's estimateestimate ofof 300300 feet.feet.
A scantyscanty fossilfossil collectioncollection mademade alongalong thethe lineline ofof measurementmeasurement ofof thethe LaketownLaketown dolomitedolomite waswas examinedexamined byby Dr.Dr. StokesStokes whowho reported:reported:
FavositesFavosites sp.sp. CrinoidCrinoid stemsstems CupCup corals,corals, unidentifiableunidentifiable PentameroidPentameroid brachiopods,brachiopods, severalseveral typestypes PreservationPreservation ofof thesethese fossilsfossils asas isis commoncommon inin allall LaketownLaketown collectionscollections isis ververyy poopoorr butbut thethe typestypes representedrepresented andand thethe methodmethod ofof preservatiopreservationn leavesleaves nnoo doubtdoubt asas ttoo ththee formationformation represented.represented. TheThe ageage isis MiddlMiddlee SilurianSilurian {Niagaran}.(Niagaran).
DevoniaDevoniann SystemSystem
DevonianDevonian rocksrocks resrestt disconformablydisconformably uponupon thethe LaketowLaketownn dolomitedolomite anandd araree containecontainedd iinn twtwoo formationsformations:: ththee LoweLowerr DevonianDevonian WateWaterr CanyonCanyon formatioformationn anandd ththee UppeUpperr DevoniaDevoniann JeffersoJeffersonn dolomitedolomite.. ThesThesee correlatecorrelate ttoo JJ.. StewartStewart WilliamsWilliams'' WateYlaterr CanyoCanyonn formatioformationn ooff ththee LogaLogann QuadrangleQuadrangle
(1948,(1948, pp.. 1138),1138), anandd ththee JeffersoJeffersonn formatioformationn firsfirstt recognizerecognizedd bbyy KindlKindlee inin northeasternortheasternn UtaUtahh (1908(1908,, pp.. 17).17).
WateWaterr CanyoCanyonn FormationFormation
ThThee WateWaterr CanyoCanyonn formatioformationn formformss a distinctivdistinctivee 242422 foofoott lightlight gragrayy ttoo almosalmostt whitwhitee uniunitt aass contrastecontrastedd witwithh ththee mediumediumm ttoo dardarkk graygray 1616 bedbedss aboveabove andand belowbelow it.it. TheThe basalbasal bedbed isis distinguisheddistinguished bbyy a thin,thin, irregularirregular layerlayer ofof slightlyslightly siltysilty dolomitedolomite 1,.vhichwhich isis mucmuchh lighterlighter inin colorcolor thanthan ththee layerlayer belowbelow andand whichwhich containscontains fairlyfairly abundantabundant fisfishh fragments.fragments.
AboveAbove this.this, thethe formation,formation, asas a whole,whole, consistsconsists ofof finefine toto coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline lightlight graygray dolomitedolomite becomingbecoming mostlymostly mediummedium graygray towardtoward thethe top.top. ItIt generallygenerally weathersweathers toto a smooth,smooth, sugarysugary surface.surface.
Dr.Dr. Stokes 'I reportreport onon thethe fossilsfossils collectedcollected follows:follows:
GlossoidaspisGlossoidaspis cf.~.cf. G. giganteusgiganteus OtherOther fishfish fragmentsfragments ThisThis collectioncollection containscontains thethe samesame typetype ooff brokebrokenn fishfish fragmentsfragments asas thethe typetype WaterWater CanyonCanyon whichwhich isis consideredconsidered toto bebe earlyearly DevonianDevonian (Ulsterian).(Ulsterian).
JeffersonJefferson DolomiteDolomite
TheThe basbasee ofof a 5-155-15 footfoot bedbed ofof mediummedium toto coarsecoarse dolomiticdolomitic conglomerateconglomerate withwith lenseslenses ofof siltstonesiltstone andand sandstonesandstone markmarkss ththee lowerlower contactcontact ofof ththee JeffersonJefferson dolomite.dolomite. TheThe conglomerateconglomerate consistsconsists mostlymostly ofof angularangular piecespieces ofof dolomitedolomite derivedderived fromfrom thethe underlyingunderlying WateWaterr CanyonCanyon dolomite.dolomite. LensesLenses ofof sandstonesandstone upup toto 8 feetfeet thickthick areare presenpresentt andand aa relierelieff onon thethe surfacesurface ofof contactcontact ofof upup toto 1515 feetfeet waswas noted.noted. CommonlCommonlyy aa
1-41-4 footfoot bedbed ofof veryvery darkdark graygray dolomitedolomite filledfilled withwith whitwhitee bryozoabryozoann frag-frag mentsments andand somesome coralscorals occursoccurs aboveabove thethe breccia.breccia. TogetherTogether,, thesthesee twotwo bedsbeds usuallyusually formform a cliff.cliff. AboveAbove thethe basalbasal zonezone thethe JeffersoJeffersonn cancan bebe divideddivided intointo twotwo lithologicallylithologically distinctdistinct butbut unnamedunnamed units.units. TheThe lowerlower ofof thesethese consistsconsists ofof 137137 feetfeet ofof shaly,shaly, non-resistant,non-resistant, dardarkk graygray ttoo blackblack dolomite,dolomite, whilewhile thethe upperupper unitunit consistsconsists ofof 13331333 feetfeet ofof mostlmostlyy resistant,resistant, 1717 massive,massive, mediummedium toto darkdark graygray dolomitedolomite whichwhich formsforms anan imposingimposing cliff.cliff.
TheThe uppermosuppermostt partpart ofof thisthis upperupper unitunit,, however.however, isis lessless resistanresistantt andand
.his usuallyusually coveredcovered witwithh floatfloat fromfrom thethe overlyingoverlying formation.formation. TheThe totaltotal thicknessthickness ofof ththee JeffersoJeffersonn dolomitedolomite inin thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains isis 14691469 feet.feet.
Seve.ralspecimensSeveral specimens ofof CladoporaCladopora collectedcollected fromfrom thethe formationformation alongalong thethe lineline ofof measurementmeasurement werewere el(aminedexamined bbyy Dr.Dr. StokesStokes whowho com-com mented:mented:
TheThe singlesingle speciesspecies representedrepresented inin youyourr collectionscollections fromfrom thethe higherhigher DevonianDevonian rocksrocks isis almostalmost universallyuniversally presenpresentt inin thethe JeffersonJefferson formationformation andand itsits equivalentsequivalents inin UtahUtah andand vicinitvicinityy andand thethe ageage isis LateLate DevonianDevonian (Senecan(Senecan andand perhapsperhaps Chatauquan).Chatauquan).
MississippiaMississippiann SystemSystem
TheThe formationsformations ofof MississippiaMississippiann ageage iinn thethe LakesideLake side MountainsMountains areare correlatedcorrelated ww-tithh thosthosee inin thethe Stockton-FairfieldStcckton-Fairfield Quadrangle:Quadrangle: i.i. e.e. ,
LowerLower MississippianMississippian MadisonMadison limestone;limestone; andand UpperUpper MississippianMississippian
DeseretDeseret limestone,limestone, HumbugHumbug formation,formation, andand GreatGreat BlueBlue limestone.limestone.
TheseThese bedsbeds occuroccur overover a widewide areaarea inin thethe east-centraleast-central partpart ofof thethe thesithesiss area.area.
MadisonMadison LimestoneLime stone
TheThe MadisoMadisonn limestonlimestonee consistsconsists ofof 329329 feetfeet ofof darkdark blue-grayblue-gray limestonelimestone whichwhich weathersweathers generallygenerally graygray andand whosewhose uppeupperr halfhalf formsforms 1818 a boldbold cliffcliff containingcontaining numerousnumerous lenseslenses andand layerslayers ofof chert.chert. TheThe lowerlower halhalff iiss thin-beddethin-beddedd witwithh ththee basabasall 20-320-300 feetfeet slightlyslightly siltysilty andand veryvery 80ft.soft.
TheThe MadisonMadison isis separatedseparated fromfrom ththee DevonianDevonian bedsbeds byby a 1-31-3 footfoot bedbed ofof impureimpure sandstone.sandstone. SinceSince thethe actualactual contactcontact zonezone isis generallygenerally c(-'vered,covered, ththee changechange f~omfrom dolomitedolomite ttoo limestonelimestone isis usuallyusually thethe besbestt indicationindication thatthat thethe contactcontact hahass beebe~nn croscrossed sed.. TheThe upperupper contactcontact 1Sis arbitrarilyarbitrarily placedplaced atat thethe totopp ooff ththee chertycherty,, cliff-formingcliff-forming member.member.
ThThee onlyonly fossilsfossils collectedcollected fromfrom thethe 1'.1CO'.disonMadison limestonelimestone werewere coralscorals andand crinoidcrinoid platesplates.. DrDr.. StokesStokes reports:reports:
TheThe specimenspecimenss collectedcollected fromfrom thisthis intervalinterval areare notnot sufficientsufficient toto positivelpositivelyy identifldentifyy it;it; however.however, ththee lithologylithology andand positiopositionn leaveleave nono doubtdoubt thatthat ththee Madiso~A:adisonn isis present.present.
DeseretDeseret LimestoneLimestone
TheThe DesereDeserett limestonlimestonee overliesoverlies thethe MadisonMadison withoutwithout anyany not-not ableable changechange ofof lithologylithology exceptexcept thathatt itit iiss somewhatsomewhat lessless resistantresistant andand lessless chertycherty thanthan ththee bedsbeds belowbelow.. GillulyGilluly notednoted a 9 footfoot layerlayer ofof blackblack phosphatiphosphaticc shaleshale separatingseparating ththee twotwo formationsformations inin thethe OquirrhOquirrh MountainsMountains butbut thisthis waswas notnot foundfound inin thethe LakesideLakeside section.section. TheThe DeseretDeseret isis predominantlypredominantly a gray,gray, cherty.cherty, fairlyfairly fossiliferousfossiliferous limestonelimestone whichwhich formsforms ledgeledge andand slopeslope topographytopography aboveabove ththee massivemassive cliffcliff ofof Madison.Madison.
TheThe fossilsfossils collectedcollected fromfrom thethe formationformation havhavee beebeenn studiedstudied byby
DrDr.. Stokes,Stokes, whoswhosee determinationsdeterminations areare asas follows:follows:
.. 1919
EuomphalusEuomphalus sp.sp. SchizophoraSchlzophora ssp p.. CamarotoechiaCamarotoechia sp.sp. SpiriferSpirifer cf.cf. S.S. centronatuscentronatus Sp'.riferSp'rifer sp.sp. CrinoidCrinoid platesplates SchuchertellaSchuchertella sp.sp.
Dr.Dr. StokesStokes furtherfurther reports:reports:
There;;There v s nothingnothing inin thisthis collectioncollection toto distinguishdistinguish thethe DeseretDeseret fromfrom thethe MadisonMadison asas farfar asas I cancan tell.tell. ItIt hashas beenbeen thethe experi.enceexperience ofof allall whowho ha.vehave dealtdealt withwith thesethese formationsformations thatthat theythey cannotcannot bebe separatedseparated paleontologicallypaleontologically withwith completecomplete certainty.certainty. AllAll thatthat cancan bebe saidsaid isis thatthat thisthis collectioncollection isis pre-Humbugpre-Humbug andand probablyprobably relatedrelated veryvery closelyclosely withwith thethe Madison.Madison. YourYour breakdownbreakdown ofof thethe Madison-DeseretMadison-Deseret onon lithologiclithologic oror topographictopographic featuresfeatures isis safesafe becausebecause itit hashas beenbeen usedused byby mostmost previousprevious workers.workers.
HumbuHlLTY1bugg FormationFormation
TheThe HumbuHumbugg formationformation restsrests conformablyconformably upouponn ththee DeseretDeseret limestone.limestone. GillulGillulyy (1932,-(1932, pp.. 27)27) arbitrarilyarbitrarily placesplaces ththee contactcontact belowbelow ththee firsfirstt layelayerr ooff sandstonesandstone 2 feefeett thicthickk oror over,over, bubutt statesstates thathatt thisthis
sandstonsandstonee comecomess anandd goegoess iinn sectionsectionss anandd mamayy appeaappearr considerablyconsiderably
highehigherr iinn ononee placplacee thathann irin> anotheranother.. IInn ththee LakesidLakesidee MountainMountainss a defi-defi
nitnitee lithologilithologicc breakbreak,, witwithh a 2-ln33 foofoott bebedd ooff coarselcoarselyy crystallincrystallinee andand fragmentafragmentall limestonlimestonee regarderegardedd aass makinmakingg ththee basabasall bebedd ooff ththee Humbug,Humbug,
wawass discovereddiscovered.. AbovAbovee thisthis,, siltstonessiltstones anandd sandstonesandstoness predominatpredominatee withwith ththee siltstonsiltstonee mormoree abundanabundantt anandd generallgenerallyy calcareouscalcareous.. LimestoneLimestoness andand 1020 chertchert areare alsoalso occasi.onallyoccasionally seen.seen. TheThe BHtstonesiltstone isis darkdark graygray toto blackblack onon freshfresh fracturefracture butbut usuallyusually weathersweathers a lightlight tantan toto brownbrown.. TheThe sandstonesandstone isis brownish-graybrownish-gray toto buff,buff, generallgenerallyy massive,massive, finefine ttoo mediummedium grained,grained, and,and, inin partpart,, slightlyslightly porous.porous. TheThe HumbugHumbug formationformation inin thethe
LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains isis characterizedcharacterized byby faiTlyfairly ruggedrugged topographytopography withwith severalseveral conspicuouconspicuouss ledgesledges ofof sandstonesandstone andand chertycherty limestone.limestone.
NNoo diagnosticdiagnostic fossilsfossils werewere obtainedobtained fromfrom thethe HumbugHumbug for:mation.formation.
GreatGreat BlueBlue LimestoneLimestone
TheThe Humbug-GreatHumbug-Great BlueBlue contactcontact isis arbitrarilyarbitrarily chosenchosen atat thethe horizohorizonn wherewhere limestonelimestone becomebecomess predominantpredominant overover siltstonesiltstone andand sandsand stone.stone. ThThee firstfirst 55-6555-65 feetfeet ofof sedimentsediment aboveabove thisthis contactcontact isis fairlyfairly nonnon- resistantresistant., mediumediumm crystalline,crystalline, graygray limestonelimestone withwith a fewfew largelarge cupcup coralscorals andand blackblack chertycherty lenses.lenses. AboveAbove thisthis isis a 7755 footfoot intervalinterval ofof sandysandy limestonelimestone whichwhich weathersweathers browbrownn toto tan.tan. TheThe remainingremaining exposedexposed GreatGreat
BlueBlue limestonelimestone consistsconsists ofof thithinn beddebeddedd toto massivemassive,, somewhatsomewhat chertycherty
(mostly(mostly black)black)', mediumediumm toto darkdark graygray limestonelimestone whichwhich weathersweathers generallygenerally blue-grablue. grayy andand rangesranges inin texturetexture fromfrom finelyfinely crystallinecrystalline ttoo coarselycoarsely fragmental.fragmental. LargeLarge cupcup coralscorals areare prominentprominent inin severalseveral layerslayers andand farrlyfairly abundantabundant throughoutthroughout mostmost ofof thethe formation.formation. SeveralSeveral bedbedss ricrichh inin bryozoans.bryozoans, pelecypods,pelecypods, andand brachiopodbrachiopodss areare foundfound inin thethe uppeupperr partpart ofof ththee exposedexposed portion.portion. AAnn unknowunknownn amountamount ooff thethe uppeupperr partpart ofof thethe GreatGreat BlueBlue isis notnot representedrepresented iinn thisthis sectionsection sincesince itit iiss cut-outcut-out byby ththee LakesideLakeside fault.fault.
TheThe resultresultss ofof Dr.Dr. Stokes'Stokes' studystudy ofof thethe fossilsfossils collectedcollected fromfrom thethe GreatGreat BlueBlue limestonelimestone areare asas follows:follows: 1121
LithostrotionellaLithostrotionella sp.sp.
CupCup coralcoral likelike ZaphrentiZaphrentiss stansburyistansburyi FenestellaFenestella sp.sp. PolyporaPolypora sp.sp. ProductellaProductella sp.sp. OrthotetesOrthotetes sp.sp. AlthougAlthoughh therethere isis somesome difficultydifficulty inin understandingunderstanding thethe presentpresent classificationclassification ofof thethe typetype ofof coralcoral formerlformerlyy designateddesignated asas ZaphrentisZaphrentis stansburyistansburyi itit isis nevertheless s a reliablereliable guideguide toto thethe upperupper BrazerBrazer oror itsits equivalentequivalent thethe GreatGreat BlueBlue limestone.limestone. TheThe otherother fossilsfossils reinforcereinforce thithiss opinion.opinion. ThereThere isis littlelittle doubtdoubt thatthat ththee GreatGreat BlueBlue limestonelimestone isis latelate MississippianMississippian inin ageage andand thatthat itit isis representedrepresented inin youryour fossilfossil collectionscollections •..
MississippiaMississippian-Pennsylvaniann - Pennsylvanian {?}(?) BedsBeds
ManningManning CanyonCanyon FormationFormation
LimitedLimited exposuresexposures ofof thethe non-resistannon-resistantt ManningManning CanyonCanyon formationformation occuroccur southwestsouthwest ofof thethe LakesideLakeside faultfault andand exhibitexhibit confusedconfused strikestrike andand dipdip readingsreadings indicativeindicative ofof tighttight foldingfolding andand incompetence.incompetence. Lithologically,Lithologically, thethe formationformation consistsconsists ofof blacblackk fissilefissile shalesshales whicwhichh weatherweather blackblack ttoo purplpurplee toto brownbrown ttoo orange,orange, thinthin beddedbedded blue-grablue-grayy toto dark-graydark-gray limestones,limestones, fragmentalfragmental limestoneslimestones whichwhich containcontain fairlyfairly abundantabundant fossilsfossils andand usuallyusually weatheweatherr brownbrown toto orangeorange andand lensinglensing lightlight tantan ttoo darkdark browbrownn sandstonessandstones andand orthoquartzitesorthoquartzites whicwhichh showshow variablevariable characteristicscharacteristics ofof crossbedding,crossbedding, graingrain size,size, cementa-cementa tiontion andand porosity.porosity.
TheThe writerwriter andand CarlCarl HelmsHelms Jr.Jr. collectedcollected fossilsfossils fromfrom ththee ManningManning
CanyonCanyon formationformation inin ththee southernsouthern parpartt ofof thethe CedarCedar MountainMountainss {25(25 milesmiles
southsouth ofof thethe southsouth endend ofof LakesideLakeside Mountains}Mountains) andand notenotedd a similarsimilar lithology.lithology. 22
AtAt thethe CedarCedar MountainsMountains location,location, thethe formationformation hashas anan estimateestimatedd thicknessthickness ofof 1500-25001500-2500 feet.feet. TheThe thicknessthickness inin thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains coulcouldd nonott bebe estimatedestimated butbut maymay bebe ofof a roughlyroughly comparablecomparable figure.figure.
AlthoughAlthough exposuresexposures ofof thethe ManningManning CanyonCanyon .formationformation areare generallygenerally poorpoor inin ththee southernsouthern CedarCedar Mountains,Mountains, thethe lowerlower contactcontact appearappearss toto bebe fairlyfairly abrupt,abrupt, whilewhile thethe uppeupperr contactcontact isis gradationalgradational througthroughh anan intervalinterval ofof 100-200100-200 feetfeet intointo thethe OquirrhOquirrh formation,formation, andand waswas arbitrarilyarbitrarily placedplaced aboveabove thethe uppermosuppermostt bedbed ofof darkdark toto blackblack shales.shales.
OnOn ththee basisbasis ofof fossilsfossils (see(see below)below) fromfrom a localitylocality thoughthoughtt ttoo bebe fairlyfairly closeclose toto thethe upperupper boundaryboundary ofof thethe ManningManning CanyonCanyon formation,formation, atat leastleast 7/87/8 ofof thethe formationformation isis assignedassigned anan UpperUpper MississippianMississippian (meramec(meramec and/orand/or Chester)Chester) age,age, withwith thethe uppermostuppermost partpart possiblypossibly LoweLowerr Pennsylvanian.Pennsylvanian.
AccordingAccording toto W.W. L.L. Sadlick,Sadlick, however,however, therethere isis a ververyy googoodd possibilitpossibilityy thatthat thethe entireentire formationformation inin thethe Cedar-LakesideCedar-Lakeside MountainsMountains regioregionn iiss ofof
MississippiaMississippiann ageage (personal(personal communication,communication, 1952).1952).
TheThe followingfollowing fossilsfossils werweree collectecollectedd fromfrom thethe uppeupperr 1/31/3 ofof thethe ManningManning CanyonCanyon formationformation inin thethe southernsouthern CedarCedar MountainMountainss (S(S.. E.E.
/4,/4, T.T. 4 S.,S. , R.R. 1010 W.W. ) andand identifiedidentified byby Dr.Dr. Stokes.Stokes.
EumorphocerasEumorphoceras plummeriplummeri DiscitocerasDiscitoceras texanumtexanum CravenocerasCravenoceras merriamimerriami CravenocerasCravenoceras NevadenseNevadense OrthocerasOrthoceras sp.sp. LeiorhynchusLeiorhynchus carboniferumcarboniferum MoorefieldellaMoorefieldella sp.sp. AriculopectenAriculopecten catacuscatacus GastropodGastropod 2233
AlthougAlthoughh thithiss collectiocollectionn containcontainss severaseverall speciespeciess identicaidenticall witwithh thosethose reportereportedd bbyy YoungquisYoungquistt (1949(1949)) aass beinbeingg founfoundd iinn ththee WhitWhitee PinPinee shaleshale ofof
NevadNevadee ttoo whicwhichh hhee assignassignss a MerameciaMerameciann (uppe(upperr MississippianMississippian)) age,age,
WW.. LL.. SadlicSadlickk favorfavorss a latelaterr agagee (Chester(Chester)) foforr thesthesee fossilsfossils.. HHee states:states:
ThesThesee fossilfossilss musmustt alalll bbee ChesteChesterr becausbecausee CravenocerasCravenoceras nevadensnevadensee anandd EumorphoceraEum.orphocerass plummerplummerii togethertogether,, withoutwithout GoniotitesGoniotites., indicatindicatee a ChesteriaChesteriann age.age.
PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniann anandd PermiaPermiann (?(?)) Sy~temsSystems
OquirrhOquirrh FormationFormation
ThThee Pennsylvanian-PermiaPennsylvanian-Permiann (?(?)) OquirrOquirrhh formatioformationn appearappearss ttoo lielie conformablyconformably upouponn ththee ManningManning CanyoCanyonn formationformation anandd consistconsistss ooff a thickthick seriesseries ooff chertycherty limestones,limestones, siltsiltyy limestones,limestones, siltstonessiltstones,, anandd calcareouscalcareous sandstones.sandstones. NNoo attemptattempt wawass madmadee ttoo measurmeasuree ththee formatioformationn bubutt iitt isis believedbelieved thathatt oveoverr 50050000 feefeett araree exposeexposedd southwessouthwestt ofof ththee LakesidLakesidee fault.fault. VeryVery chertchertyy limestonelimestoness makmakee uupp ththee lowelowerr 300-40300-4000 feetfeet.. CherChertt decreases,decreases, bubutt remainremainss prominentprominent,, abovabovee thisthis,, andand sandsandyy limestonlimestonee anandd calcareouscalcareous siltstonesiltstone increaseincrea se upwardupward.. AlternatinAlternatingg resistanresistantt andand fairlyfairly softsoft bedsbeds characterizecharacterize thethe areaarea ofof outcrop.outcrop. GenerallyGenerally speaking,speaking, thethe OquirrOquirrhh formaforma tiontion i~.ss mucmuchh lessless resistantresistant toto erosion,erosion, however,however, thanthan ththee olderolder PaleozoicPaleozoic rocksrocks inin thethe range.range. FossilsFossils collectedcollected fromfrom thethe lowerlower partpart oitheof the OquirrhOquirrh formationformation inin thethe southernsouthern CedarCedar MountainMountainss proveprove itsits PennsylvanianPennsylvanian ageage andand areare listedlisted below.below. BedsBeds richrich inin fU6ulinesfusulines werewere foundfound higherhigher inin thethe formationformation inin thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains butbut nono identificationsidentifications werewere made.made. ItIt waswas notnot establishedestablished whetherwhether OquirrhOquirrh ofof PermianPermian ageage occursoccurs inin thethe LakesideLakeside Mountains.Mountains, butbut fusulinesfusulines ofof lowerlower PermianPermian ageage (Wolfcampian(Wolfcampian ---- identifiedidentified byby R.R. W.W. Hollings'WorthHollingsWorth forfor thethe StandardStandard OilOil CompanyCompany ofof California)California) occuroccur approximatelyapproximately 50005000 feetfeet aboveabove thethe basebase ofof thethe formationformation inin thethe southernsouthern Cedc:.TCedar Mountains.Mountains.
TheThe followingfollowing fossilsfossils fromfrom thethe southernsouthern CedarCedar MountainsMountains werewere identifiedidentified byby Dr.Dr. Stokes.Stokes. TheyThey werewere collectedcollected atat variousvarious localitieslocalities inin thethe SESE 1/4,1/4, T.T. 4 S.)S. , R.R. 1010 V!W. ••, andand thethe NENE 1/4,l/4, T.T. 5 5S ••. , R.R. 1010 W.,W. , andand allall occuroccur inin thethe lowerlower 10001000 feetfeet ofof thethe formation.formation. 24
Composita,Composita, severalseveral speciesspecies Dictyoc1astusDictyoclastus ssp p.. '\ .... ~f LinoproductusLinoproductus SPasp. Echinochonchusi^chinochonchus SPasp. MarginHeraMarginifera SPasp. SpiriferS pi rife r SPasp. EumetriaEumetria SPasp. CleiothyrodinaCleiothyrodina Spasp. 'A"'in'bococoeleaAmbococoelea SPasp. PUnctospiriferPunctospirifer kentuckensiskentuckensis PuPustulas tula SPasp. CoralCoral CrinoidCrinoid stemsstems l'T rir i phophyllumpho phy Hum
TheThe presencepresence ofof PunctospirifePunctospiriferr kentuckensiskentuckensis andand thethe abundanceabundance ofof productidproductid brachiopodbrachiopodss seemsseems toto indicateindicate quitequite positivelypositively thathatt thisthis isis Pennsylvanian,Pennsylvanian, probablyprobably earlyearly inin thethe periodperiod..
A scantyscanty collectioncollection fromfrom thethe lowerlower 2000-30002000-3000 feetfeet ofof thethe OquirrhOquirrh formationformation inin sec.sec. 20.20. 20,20, T.T. I1 NN.. ,t R.R. 8 W.W. inin ththee LakesidLakesidee MountainsMountains waswas identifiedidentified byby Dr.Dr. StokesStokes asas follows:follows:
MarginiferaMarginifera SPasp. SpirHerS pi rife r octiplicataocti plicata ChonetesChonetes SPasp. ProductidProductid brachiopodsbrachiopods CrinoidCrinoid platesplates Fusulinids,Fusulinids, smallsmall primitivprimitivee typestypes
Dr.Dr. StokesStokes furtherfurther reports:reports:
I am. unableunable toto determinedetermine somesome ofof thesethese fossilsfossils specificallyspecifically butbut ththee presencepresence ofof smallsmall fusulinidsfusulinids andand ofof thethe SpiriferSpirifer octiplicataoctiplicata typetype ofof brachiopobrachiopodd definitelydefinitely provprovee anan earlyearly PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniann ageage forfor ththee collection.collection. 2525
TertiaryTertiary andand QuaternaryQuaternary DepositsDeposits
NoNo outcropsoutcrops ofof knownknown Tertia.ryTertiary rockrockss occuroccur withiwithinn oror surroundingsurrounding thethe southernsouthern =lakesid akesidee !'~ountains. fountains. TerttaryTertiary rocksrocks occuroccur withinwithin oror sursur roundingrounding thethe southernsouthern EakesideI akeside Mountains.Mountains. TertiaryTertiary stratastrata undoubtedlyundoubtedly occuroccur subsurfacesubsurface inin ththee broabroadd valleysvalleys easteast andand southsouth ofof ththee range.range. TertiaryTertiary stratastrata maymay bebe thinthin ttoo non;.existentnon-existent inin thethe narrowenarrowerr andand shallowershallower valleyvalley immediatelyimmediately toto ththee west.west.
TheThe QuaternaryQuaternary isis representerepresentedd bbyy botbothh consolidatedconsolidated andand unconsolidatedunconsolidated alluvialalluvial terraces.terraces, fans.fans, andand valleyvalley fill.fill. AncientAncient LakeLake BonnevilleBonneville completelycompletely surroundedsurrounded thethe rangerange andand leftleft unmistakablunmistakablee evidenceevidence ofof itsits presencpresencee inin thethe formform ofof lakelake terracesterraces andand marlymarly deposits.deposits. TheThe depositsdeposits inin somesome ofof thethe smallsmall valleyvalleyss ofof ththee rangerange havehave beenbeen partiallpartiallyy removedremoved bbyy erosionerosion andand areare nownow veryvery wellwell displayeddisplayed inin longitudinallongitudinal cross-section.cross-section. TheyThey consistconsist mainlymainly ofof conglomerateconglomerate andand finefine grained,grained, friablefriable whitwhitee marls.marls.
ManyMany smallsmall bubutt wellwell formedformed alluvialalluvial fansfans occuroccur alongalong ththee westernwestern sideside ofof thethe range.range. A thinthin veneerveneer (0(0 toto 30-5030-50 feetfeet thickthick)) ofof coarsecoarse alluviumalluvium spreadsspreads outwardoutward fromfrom thesethese fans,fans, andand concealsconceals -- exceptexcept forfor scatteredscattered outcropsoutcrops ---- thethe pedimentepedimentedd surfacesurface ofof thethe Ma.nningManning CanyonCanyon formationformation occurringoccurring weswestt ofof thethe Lakeside.Lakeside fault.fault.
UnknownUnknown thicknessesthicknesses ofof QuaternaryQuaternary vallevalleyy fillfill occuroccur inin thethe valleysvalleys toto thethe easteast andand southsouth ofof ththee rangerange andand alsoalso westwest ofof thethe pedimentpediment flankingflanking ththee westwest sideside ofof thethe range.range. 2626
STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
FaultsFaults
SeveralSeveral high-angle,high-angle, transversetransverse andand longitudinallongitudinal intra-rangeintra-range faulhfaults ofof smallsmall toto moderatemoderate displacementdisplacement cutcut thethe . southernsouthern parpartt ofof thethe LakesideLakeside
MountainsMountains andand givegive thethe rangrangee thethe aspectaspect ofof a veryvery -simplesimple faultfault mosaicmosaic
(Plate(Plate I).I). BorderingBordering thethe mainmain massmass ofof thethe rangerange onon thethe southwesternsouthwestern sideside bis a large,large, high-anglehigh-angle faultfault withwith a maximummaximum knowknownn .stratigraphicstratigraphic displacementdisplacement ofof aboutabout 95009500 feet.feet. ThisThis isis herehere namednamed thethe LakesideLakeside faultfault andand hiis thethe majomajorr structuralstructural featurefeature inin thethe areaarea ofof thethe LakesideLakeside Mountains.Mountains.
TheThe southeasternsoutheastern segmentsegment ofof thethe LakesideLakeside faultfault trendstrends aboutabout o N.N. 45-55 ° W.W. ItIt strikesstrikes obliquelyobliquely througthroughh thethe southsouth endend ofof thethe rangrangee toto sectionsection 35,35, T.T. 2 N.,N. , RR.. 9 W.,W. , wherwheree thethe trencftrend changeschanges toto aboutabout NN.. 25250°
W.W. andand ththee faultfault becomesbecomes coincidentcoincident withwith thethe southwesternsouthwestern borderborder ofof thethe rangerange.. TheThe stratigraphicstratigraphic throwthrow increasesincreases fromfrom approximatelapproximatelyy 75007500 .feetfeet atat thethe southeasternmostsoutheasternmost exposUJ;e.exposure, wherewhere itit disappearsdisappears beneathbeneath thethe alluviumalluvium ofof northernorthernn SkullSkull Valley,Valley, toto approximatelyapproximately 95009500 feetfeet atat itsits northwestern-northwestern- mosmostt exposure.exposure. TheThe tracetrace ofof thethe faultfault couldcould notnot bebe followedfollowed fartherfarther north-north westwardwestward thanthan sectionssections 9 andand 10.10, T.T. 2 N .•• , R.R. 9 W.,W. , wherwheree thethe mountainmountain frontfront losesloses itsits abrupt.abrupt, straight-linestraight-line charactercharacter andand becomesbecomes lowlow andand IT27 irregular.irregular. VeryVery briebrieff reconnaissancreconnaissancee inin thethe regionregion northwestnorthwest ofof thethe mappemappedd areaarea indicatedindicated twtwoo possibilitiespossibilities:: 1)1) thethe faultfault diesdies outout rapidlyrapidly
(perhaps(perhaps splittingsplitting intointo severalseveral faultsfaults whicwhichh diedie out),out), or,or, 2)2) itit maymay bebe terminatedterminated byby,, oror joijoinn withwith,, a possiblpossiblee east-by-northeasteast-by-northeast trendintrendingg zonezone ofof transversetransverse faultingfaulting severalseveral milesmiles nortnorthh ofof thethe areaarea underunder consideraconsidera tion.tion. TheThe tracetrace ofof thethe faultfault toto ththee southeastsoutheast beneatbeneathh thethe alluviumalluvium isis unknowunknownn butbut thethe mapmap relationrelationss suggestsuggest thatthat itit coalescescoalesces witwithh a possiblepossible zonezone ofof approximatelyapproximately east-west,east-west, predominantlpredominantlyy strike-slipstrike-slip faulting.faulting.
(See(See "Regional"Regional SettingSetting andand StructuralStructural ChronologyllChronology" below.)below.) ThisThis pospos tulatedtulated strike-slipstrike-slip faultfault zonezone woulwouldd bbee inin thethe formform ofof a transverstransversee shiftshift oror teartear zonzonee existingexisting betweebetweenn ththee StansburyStansbury MountainsMountains andand StansburyStansbury
PeninsulaPeninsula andand continuingcontinuing eastwardeastward paspastt ththee northnorth endend ofof thethe OquirrhOquirrh
Mountains.Mountains. EardleyEardley (1939,(1939, PlatPlatee I)I) hashas mappedmapped easteast bbyy sou.theastsoutheast trendtrend inging faultsfaults inin ththee StansburyStansbury PeninsulaPeninsula whicwhichh couldcould possiblpossiblyy joijoinn thisthis transversetransverse zone.zone.
EvidenceEvidence forfor thethe high-anglehigh-angle naturnaturee ofof thethe LakesideLakeside faultfault consistsconsists ofof 1)1) a fairlyfairly straightlinestraightline trace,trace, andand 2),2), actualactual exposuresexposures ofof thethe faultfault scarp,scarp, whichwhich are,are, iinn allall placeplacess high-anglhigh-anglee toto verticalvertical.. SteepSteep (70(70°-90°)0 .900 ),, valleywarvalleywardd dippingdipping wallswalls ofof cementedcemented faultfault brecciabreccia areare foundfound atat severalseveral placesplaces alongalong thethe faultfault tracetrace andand areare thoughtthought toto represenrepresentt thethe actualactual badlybadly erodederoded faultfault surface.surface. AtAt oneone locality,locality, suchsuch a faceface ofof brecciabreccia dipsdips steeplysteeply 2828
intointo ththee mountainmountain blockblock.. A fewfew slickensidedslickensided surfacessurfaces occurringoccurring inin thesethese brecciabreccia remnantsremnants showshow horizontahorizontall andand oblique,oblique, asas wellwell asas verticalvertical slippage.slippage. SuchSuch variationvariationss inin thethe directiondirection ofof slickensidesslickensides mightmight bebe thethe resulresultt ofof differentialdifferential adjustmentsadjustments betweenbetween thethe variousvarious smallsmall blocksblocks ad-ad jacenjacentt toto thethe faultfault plane,plane, and.and, sincesince nono oneone directiondirection seemsseems toto bebe pre-pre dominant,dominant, areare notnot consideredconsidered asas indicativeindicative ofof ththee over-allover-all directiondirection ofof
,. movemenmovementt ofof thethe fault.fault. TheThe absenceabsence ofof muchmuch foldingfolding oror shearingshearing alongalong ththee fault,fault, atat leastleast inin thethe upthrowupthrownn block,block, iiss worthyworthy ofof note.note. ThisThis cancan probablyprobably bbee attributedattributed inin parpartt toto ththee relativelyrelatively highhigh competencycompetency ofof thethe formationsformations composingcomposing thethe upthrowupthrownn block.block.
TheThe lesserlesser faultsfaults ofof thethe LakesideLakeside MountainMountainss fa11fall roughlyroughly intointo twotwo specificspecific trends:trends: a north-by-northeasnorlh-by-northeastt trend,trend, andand a north-north-byby-- northwest-trendnorthwest-trend.. TheThe mostmost prominentprominent ofof thosthosee havinghaving a north-by-north-north-by-north easteast trentrendd areare ththee high-anglehigh-angle toto verticaverticall IronIron HolloHolloww andand CranerCraner CanyonCanyon faultsfaults (Plate(Plate I).I). BothBoth ooff thesethese intersectintersect withwith,, anandd apparentlyapparently terminateterminate atat thethe LakesideLakeside fault.fault. EachEach hahass a stratigraphicstratigraphic displacementdisplacement rangingranging upup toto severalseveral hundrehundredd feetfeet bubutt thithiss decreasesdecreases andand finallyfinally diesdies outout awayaway fromfrom thethe LakesideLakeside fault.fault. InIn both.both, thethe southeasternsoutheastern sideside hahass movedmoved uupp inin rela-rela tiontion ttoo ththee northwesternnorthwestern side.side.
TheThe onlyonly majomajorr n|orth-by-northwest-trendinn,torth-by-northwest-trendingg fault,fault, otherother thathann thethe
LakesideLakeside fault,fault, isis thethe HiddenHidden MineMine fault.fault. ThisThis faultfault trendstrends nearlnearlyy parallelparallel 29
ttoo thethe LakesideLakeside fault,fault, and,and, asas inin ththee LakesidLakesidee fault.fault, thethe northeasternnortheastern
sideside isis upthrown.upthrown. ItIt beginbeginss slightlyslightly southsouth ooff CranerCraner CanyonCanyon (Plate(Plate I)I)
andand increasesincreases rapidlrapidlyy inin displacementdisplacement northwestwardnorthwestward.. ItsIts tractracee northnorth
westwardwestward,, beyonbeyondd thatthat shownshown onon thethe geologicgeologic mapmap., isis unknown.unknown. ItIt is.is,
asas nearlnearlyy aass cancan bebe determined,determined, essentiallyessentially verticalvertical.. TheThe maximummaximum
displacementdisplacement ofof thethe HiddenHidden MineMine faultfault iinn thethe areaarea mappedmapped iiss estimatedestimated
toto bebe nearlynearly 30003000 feetfeet (See(See cross-sectiocross-sectionn C-C',C-Cf, PlatePlate I).I).
FoldsFolds
ThThee structurestructure ofof thatthat partpart ofof thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains lyinglying
northeastnortheast ofof thethe LakesidLakesidee faultfault andand includedincluded inin thethe mappedmapped areaarea isis thatthat
ofof a veryvery broad,broad, northwest-trendingnorthwest-trending synclinesyncline whicwhichh plungesplunges gentlygently southsouth
ward.ward. AAss thethe synclinesyncline isis tracedtraced northwestward.northwestward, ththee axisaxis becomesbecomes apap
proximatelyproximately coincidentcoincident witwithh thethe HiddeHiddenn MinMinee faultfault (Plate(Plate I)I).. A poorlypoorly
defineddefined east-east-by-northeast-trendinby-northeast-trendingg anticlinalanticlinal warpwarp lieslies atat rightright anglesangles toto thisthis synclinesyncline northnorth ofof thethe areaarea underunder consideration.consideration. TheThe oldestoldest rocksrocks
ofof thethe rangrangee (early(early CambrianCambrian TinticTintic quartzite)quartzite) areare exposedexposed easteast ofof thethe
intersectionintersection ofof thethe synclinalsynclinal andand anticlinalanticlinal trends.trends.
FoldingFolding isis moremore pronouncedpronounced inin thethe UpperUpper MississippianMississippian andand
LowerLower PennsylvanianPennsylvanian bedsbeds whichwhich formform thethe pedimenpedimentt andand lowlow mountainmountainss southsc
westwest ofof thethe LakesideLakeside faultfault {Plate(Plate I}.I). ScatteredScattered exposuresexposures ofof shaleshale ofof thethe 30
Manninf'vianl'lingg Canyon.Canyon formr.ticnformation occuroccur forfor a distancedistance ooff overover 3 milemiless im.mediatelyimmediately weswestt ofof thethe fault.fault, andand sincesince considerablconsiderablee variatiovariationn inin attitudesattitudes wawass noted,noted, thethe :M,anningManning CanyonCanyon n'l"',ym"y bebe considerablyconsiderably foldedfolded iinn thethe area.area. ExtensiveExtensive outcropsoutcrops ofof thethe OquirrhOquirrh fOTrnationformation makingmaking upup ththee hillhillss southeastsoutheast ofof thethe areaarea crtof outcropoutcrop ofof ManninManningg CanyonCanyon formationformation displaydisplay severalseveral small,small, sou,th-plu.l'lgingsouth-plunging anticlinesanticlines andand synclinessynclines whichwhich tendtend ttoo didiee outout awayaway fromfrom thethe LakesideLakeside fault.fault. TheseThese maymay bebe relatedrelated toto movementmovement alongalong thethe fault.fault, andand ifif so.so, seeminglyseemingly indicateindicate a horizontalhorizontal asas wellwell asas verticaverticall com-com ponentponent otof movementmovement alongalong thisthis partpart ofof thethe fault..fault. TheThe foldingfolding inin thisthis areaarea isis notnot asas pronoWlcedpronounced asas inin thethe areaarea ofof MarmingManning CanyonCanyon ttoo thethe llorthwest:northwest; ththee dipsdips herehere averageaverage aboutabout 25_35°25-35° andand havehave notnot beebeenn observedobserved toto ex-ex
o ceedceed 5959° •.
.", 3131
REGIONALREGIONAL SETTINGSETTING ANANDD STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL CHRONOLOGYCHRONOLOGY
RegionalRegional StructuralStructural RelationshipsRelationships
NorthwestNorthwest ofof SaltSalt LakeLake City,City, inin anan areaarea centeringcentering roughlroughlyy aboutabout
AntelopeAntelope Island,Island, extensiveextensive exposuresexposures ofof pre-Cambriapre-Cambriann rockrockss indicateindicate thethe presencepresence ofof a presenpresentt dayday stratigraphic,strati graphic, thoughthough notnot topographic,topographic, highland.highland. EvidenceEvidence thatthat thithiss areaarea mighmightt havehave beenbeen topographicallytopographically posiposi tivetive inin ProterozoicProterozoic timetime hashas beebeenn presentedpresented bbyy EardleEardleyy andand HatchHatch (1940).(1940).
TheyThey furtherfurther proposedproposed thatthat thethe areaarea continuedcontinued toto bbee intermittentlyintermittently elevatedelevated followingfollowing ProterozoicProterozoic timetime (p.(p. 830),830), andand thathatt itit actedacted asas aa buttressbuttress duringduring thethe LaramidLaramidee RevolutioRevolutionn whichwhich resisteresistedd intenseintense deformadeforma tiontion whilewhile ththee thickerthicker lenselense ofof sedimentarysedimentary rockrockss ttoo thethe aasteast foldedfolded andand werewere thrustthrust againstagainst it.it. TheyThey appliedapplied thethe namename "Northern"Northern UtahUtah Highland"Highland" toto thithiss positivepositive area.area.
IfIf thisthis hypothesihypothesiss isis essentiallyessentially valid,valid, thethenn iitt mamayy bebe assumedassumed thathatt some,some, perhapperhapss most,most, ofof ththee PaleozoiPaleozoicc depositsdeposits thinnethinnedd overover thethe
Highland,Highland, thatthat somesome maymay havehave neveneverr beebeenn deposited,deposited, andand thathatt othersothers maymay havehave beebeenn partiallpartiallyy oror completelycompletely removedremoved bbyy erosionerosion duringduring certaincertain epochsepochs ofof PaleozoicPaleozoic timetime.. Further,Further, thertheree mamayy havhavee beenbeen periodsperiods whenwhen thethe HighlandHighland lostlost itsits positivepositive tendenciestendencies soso thathatt somesome PaleozoicPaleozoic formationsformations underwentunderwent nnoo thinningthinning overover it.it. 3232
TheThe foregoingforegoing assumptionsassumptions areare partlypartly supportedsupported byby directdirect evievi dence,dence, butbut muchmuch mustmust bebe leftleft toto speculationspeculation basedbased onon ththee existinexistingg regionalregional structuralstructural andand stratigraphicstratigraphic picture.picture. WestwardWestward thickeningthickening frofromm thethe
HighlandHighland cancan bbee demonstrateddemonstrated byby a comparisoncomparison ofof thethe sectionsectionss inin thethe
LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains andand thethe StansburyStansbury Peninsula.Peninsula. AlthoughAlthough thethe sectionsection inin thethe StansburyStansbury PeninsulaPeninsula hahass notnot beenbeen measured,measured, thethe writewriterr hashas traversedtraversed itit andand hashas a tentativetentative ideaidea ofof thethe exposedexposed formationsformations andand theirtheir relativerelative thicknesses.thicknesses. ThereThere isis a virtual,virtual, perhaps,perhaps, completc07.J.1pl,;;;t~e absenceabsence ~? ofof SilurianSilurian rocksrocks inin thethe PeninsulaPeninsula (Stokes,(Stokes, personalpersonal communication),communication), whereaswhereas 1313 mUesmiles toto thethe westwest inin thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains ththee SilurianSilurian rocksrocks areare overover 500500 feetfeet thick.thick. This,This, togethertogether withwith noticeablnoticeablee thicken-thicken inging ofof OrdovicianOrdovician andand DevonianDevonian formationsformations betweenbetween thethe PeninsulPeninsulaa anandd thethe
LakesideLakeside Mountains,Mountains, probableprobable thickeningthickening inin thethe CambrianCambrian andand MississippianMississippian formations,formations, andand postulatedpostulated thickeningthickening inin thethe OquirrhOquirrh formationformation andand
ProterozoicProterozoic rocks,rocks, indicatesindicates thatthat thethe positivepositive tendenciestendencies ofof thethe HighlandHighland areaarea werewere beingbeing feltfelt ttoo somesome extentextent inin thethe vicinityvicinity ooff ththee StansburyStansbury
Peninsula,Peninsula, andand thatthat thethe areaarea ofof thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains wawass ononee ooff apap preciablpreciablee subsidencesubsidence althoughalthough itit laylay somewhatsomewhat easteast ofof ththee deepesdeepestt partpart ofof thethe PaleozoicPaleozoic (and(and Proterozoic?)Proterozoic ?) trough.trough.
Admittedly,Admittedly, somesome ofof thisthis westwardwestward thickeningthickening cancan bebe attributedattributed toto thethe regionalregional stratigraphicstratigraphic tEendteend ofof thickeningthickening betweenbetween ththee forelandforeland andand 3333 thethe geosynclinalgeosynelinal troughtrough.. However.However, thethe fa.ctfact thatthat suchsuch abnormallyabnormally rapidrapid westwardwestward thickeningthickening occursoccurs inin thethe Ordovician,Ordovician, Siluria.nSilurian andand DevonianDevonian systemssystems betweenbetween thethe StansburyStansbury PeninsulaPeninsula andand LakesidLakesidee :MountainsMountains wouldwould seemseem toto indicateindicate a.a locallocal accelerationacceleration ofof thethe regionaregionall trend.trend.
ThickeningThickening toto thethe northwestnorthwest andand southsouth ofof thethe HighlandHighland cannotcannot bebe demonstrated.demonstrated, butbut isis proposeproposedd onon ththee basisbasis ofof regionaregionall structuralstructural a.ndand stratigraphiestratigraphic trends.trends. TheThe greatgreat thicknessthickness ofof uupp toto 3030 thousandthousand feetfeet ofof
UpperUpper MississippianMississippian,, PennsylvaniaPeJUUlylvaniann anandd PermianPermian rocksrocks depositeddeposited southsouth ofof thethe HighlandHighland areaarea inin thethe OquirrhOquirrh BasinBasin probablyprobably rapidlrapidlyy decreaseddecreased toto l/Z1/2 oror 1/31/3 ofof thatthat .:verarer thethe HighlandHigbland.. SuchSuch rapidrapid thinningthinning mamayy havhavee beenbeen ofof considerableconsiderable significancesignificance inin localizinglocalizing thethe postulatedpostulated zonezone ooff structuralstructural adjustmentadjustment (shift(shift zonezone)) alongalong thethe southsouth sideside ofof thethe Highland.Highland.
ThinningThinning ofof TriassicTriassic andand JurassiJurassicc rockrockss overover ththee areaarea isis alsoalso impossibleimpossible toto demonstrate.demonstrate. TheThe LowerLower TriassicTriassic seawayseaway probablyprobably coveredcovered mucmuchh oror a.llall ofof westernwestern Utah.Utah. ThThee completecomplete absenceabsence ofof outout cropscrops rendersrenders itit unprofitableunprofitable ttoo speculatespeculate aboutabout thethe depositiondeposition ofof postpost-
LowerLower TriassicTriassic rocksrocks inin thethe area.area.
Thus,Thus, eveneven thoughthough MesozoicMesozoic thinningthinning isis impossibleimpossible toto demonstrate.demonstrate, itit isis probablprobablee thathatt byby latelate JurassicJurassic timetime thethe aggregateaggregate thicknessthickness ofof sedisedi mentarymentary rocks,rocks, includingincluding Proterozoic,Proterozoic, occurringoccurring overover ththee NortherNorthernn UtahUtah
HighlandHighland areaarea waswas somewhatsomewhat lessless thathann thethe aggregateaggregate thicknessethicknessess ofof 3434
sedimentssediments occurringoccurring aboutabout thethe Highland.Highland. TheThe authorauthor suggestsuggestss thatthat thethe thinnessthinness ofof sedimentarysedimentary covercover overover thethe HighlandHighland areaarea probablprobablyy acac
centuatedcentuated itsits tendencytendency ttoo actact moremore oror lessless asas a structuralstructural unitunit,, andand underunder
regionalregional compression,compression, resultedresulted inin itsits actingacting asas a semi-rigidsemi-rigid knoknott whilewhile ththee thickerthicker sedimentssediments aboutabout thethe HighlandHighland yieldeyieldedd byby foldinfoldingg andand thrusting.thrusting.
TheThe HighlandHighland acted,acted, relatively,relatively, asas a plungerplunger onon itsits eastereasternn sideside andand aa
buttressbuttress onon itsits westernwestern side.side. TheThe plungerplunger effecteffect resultedresulted inin ththee relativerelative westwardwestward thrustingthrusting (onto(onto thethe Highland)Highland) ofof thethe thickthick lenselense ofof Paleozoic,Paleozoic,
JurassicJurassic andand TriassicTriassic rocksrocks lyinglying immediatelyimmediately easteast ofof thethe HighlandHighland
(Eardley,(Eardley, 1944).1944). TheThe buttressingbuttressing effecteffect resultedresulted inin thethe tightightt foldingfolding andand large-scalelarge-scale overturningoverturning ofof thethe thickthick geosynclinalgeosynelinal sedimentssediments inin,, anandd southsouth
ofof ththee GrassyGrassy MountainsMountains areaarea immediatelyimmediately westwest ofof thethe LakesidLakesidee MountainsMountains
(fig.(fig. 2).2). TransverseTransverse shiftshift zoneszones would,would, ofof necessity,necessity, havhavee formedformed northnorth
andand southsouth ofof thethe HighlandHighland toto accomodateaccomodate thethe differentialdifferential shorteningshortening bebe tweentween thethe relativelyrelatively rigidrigid HighlandHighland andand thethe fairlyfairly pliablepliable sedimentssediments ttoo thethe northnorth andand south.south. ThereThere isis somesome evidenceevidence ofof suchsuch a zonzonee oonn ththee southernsouthern
sideside extendingextending inin anan east-westeast-west directiondirection fromfrom thethe vicinityvicinity ofof ththee northnorth
endend ofof thethe OquirrhOquirrh Mountains,Mountains, wherewhere thethe stratastrata trendtrend roughlroughlyy east-east-
westwest inin tighttight folds,folds, throughthrough thethe areaarea betweenbetween thethe StansburyStansbury MountainMountainss andand
StansburyStansbury Peninsula,Peninsula, toto thethe vicinityvicinity ofof thethe southsouth endend ofof ththee LakesideLakeside
Mountains,Mountains, wherewhere itit isis proposedproposed thatthat thethe LakesideLakeside faultfault mamayy helhelpp terminateterminate 3535 thethe shiftshift zonezone (Fig.(Fig. 2).2). TheThe previouslypreviously mentionedmentioned faultsfaults cuttincuttingg southsouth eastwardeastward throughthrough thethe StansburyStansbury PeninsulaPeninsula mightmight alsoalso joijoinn thithiss shiftshift zone.zone.
EvidenceEvidence ofof suchsuch a zonezone northnorth ofof thethe HighlandHighland iiss lacking.lacking. InIn fact,fact, thethe northernorthernn boundariesboundaries ofof thethe HighlandHighland areare soso indefiniteindefinite thathatt ththee positionposition ofof suchsuch a zone,zone, ifif itit doesdoes exist,exist, isis impossibleimpossible toto placeplace duedue toto lacklack ofof knowledgeknowledge ofof thethe area.area. ItIt mightmight bebe noted,noted, however,however, thatthat EardleEardleyy (1940,(1940,
PlatePlate I)I) hashas mappedmapped a northeastnortheast trendingtrending thrustthrust crossingcrossing ththee southernsouthern endend ofof thethe PromontoryPromontory PeninsulaPeninsula whichwhich maymay possiblypossibly bbee a reflectioreflectionn ofof suchsuch a zonezone (Fig.(Fig. 2).2).
AgeAge ofof FoldsFolds andand FaultsFaults
TimeTime ofof FoldingFolding
NNoo directdirect evidenceevidence waswas foundfound toto datedate thethe foldingfolding iinn ththee LakesideLakeside
Mountains.Mountains. OneOne periodperiod ofof majormajor foldingfolding seemsseems toto bebe evident.evident. LesserLesser periodsperiods ofof ratheratherr minorminor foldingfolding followedfollowed thethe majormajor folding.folding, withwith thethe latestlatest oneone probablyprobably accompanying.accompanying, oror resultingresulting from,from, ththee latelate TertiaryTertiary andand PleistocenePleistocene BasinBasin andand RangeRange faulting.faulting.
TheThe writewriterr suggestssuggests thatthat thethe majormajor foldingfolding maymay havhavee commencedcommenced inin veryvery latelate JurassicJurassic timetime andand culminatedculminated inin earlyearly CretaceousCretaceous time.time.
RegionalRegional evidenceevidence forfor deformationdeformation atat thisthis timetime includes:includes: 1)1) upliftuplift., and,and, 3636
possibly,possibly, foldingfolding andand thrustingthrusting inin southeasternsoutheastern IdahoIdaho duringduring veryvery latelate
JurassicJurassic ---- earlyearly CretaceousCretaceous timetime isis stronglystrongly suggestedsuggested byby thethe presencepresence therethere ofof thethe upperupper JurassicJurassic ...#m LowerLower CretaceousCretaceous (?)(?) EphraimEphraim conglomerateconglomerate
(Stokes,(Stokes, 1944,1944, p.p. 969);969); and,and, 2)2) inin centralcentral UtahUtah upperupper JurassicJurassic (?)(?) and/orand/or
LowerLower CretaceousCretaceous conglomeratesconglomerates ofof thethe MorrisonMorrison (?)(?) formationformation inin thethe
GunnisbnGunnison areaarea areare indicativeindicative ofof nearbynearby orogenyorogeny toto thethe west.west. SinceSince thethe
LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains lielie between,between, andand somewhatsomewhat westwest ofof thesethese areas,areas, itit isis notnot unreasonableunreasonable toto supposesuppose thatthat they,they, too,too, werewere deformeddeformed atat thisthis
samesame time.time. 3}3) IndirectIndirect evidenceevidence forfor uplift,uplift, andand atat leastleast somesome deforma-deforma tiontion inin thisthis interveningintervening areaarea isis offeredoffered byby thethe thick,thick, conglomeraticconglomeratic LowerLower
CretaceousCretaceous KelviKelvinn formationformation occurringoccurring inin andand easteast ooff ththee northernnorthern partpart
ofof thethe CentralCentral WasatchWasatch MountainMountainss (Stokes,(Stokes, 1944,1944, pp.. 970).970).
TheThe UpperUpper Cretaceous-earlyCretaceous-early TertiaryTertiary foldingfolding andand faulting,faulting,
soso wellwell demonstrateddemonstrated inin thethe WasatchWasatch Mountains,Mountains, waswas probablprobablyy ooff lessless importanceimportance inin thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains areaarea thathann thethe proposeproposedd latelate
JurassiJurassicc earlearlyy CretaceouCretaceouss deformationdeformation.. ThiThiss wawass duduee ttoo ththee facfactt thatthat mucmuchh ooff ththee sedimentarsedimentaryy covecoverr ooff relativelrelativelyy larglargee areaareass ooff westernwestern
UtaUtahh (includin(includingg ththee LakesidLakesidee areaarea)) wawass sheshedd durinduringg anandd followinfollowingg thethe
earlierearlier deformationdeformation,, soso thatthat,, whewhenn compressionacompressionall forceforcess agaiagainn sweptswept ththee areareaa iinn latlatee CretaceouCretaceouss anandd earlearlyy TertiarTertiaryy timetime,, ththee forceforcess were,were, thithiss timetime,, transmittetransmittedd primarilprimarilyy througthroughh ththee competencompetentt "basement"basement"" rocks.rocks. FFI 16G. Z2 PROPROPOSE P 0 .s £D D fAFAUL U L TT RELATION.sHIP~RELATIONSHIPS ~URR.OUNDINGSURROUNDING THETHE NORTHEI<:NNORTHERN UTAHUTAH HIGHLANDHIGHLAND
oO '100 2020 .xlw I I I II Scale in i lei
f'··'··'#':.,
Canyon 37
TheThe earlierearlier formedformed foldsfolds inin thethe sedimentarysedimentary covercover ofof thethe regionregion were,were, generallygenerally speaking,speaking, onlyonly moderatelmoderatelyy intensifiedintensified iinn LaramideLaramide time.time. TheThe fullfull bruntbrunt ofof thethe LaramideLaramide forcesforces werewere feltfelt inin ththee thicthickk lenselense ofof sedisedi mentmentss easteast ofof thethe NortherNorthernn UtahUtah Highland.Highland.
A later,later, ratherrather minorminor periodperiod ofof gentlegentle foldingfolding resultedresulted inin thethe alreadyalready describeddescribed (p.(p. 29)2 9) east-by-northeast-trendingeast-by-northeast-trending anticlinalanticlinal warpwarp formingforming atat righrightt anglesangles ttoo thethe earlierearlier trendtrend ofof folding.folding. ThereThere isis a pospos sibility,sibility, however,however, thathatt tbisthis easteast byby northeastnortheast foldingfolding maymay havehave beenbeen slightlyslightly priorprior toto thethe LaramideLaramide RevolutionRevolution andand relaterelatedd toto thethe east-east- westwest foldingfolding ofof MontanaMontana ageage describeddescribed byby EardleyEardley inin thethe north-centralnorth-central
WasatchWasatch MountainsMountains (1944,(1944, p.p. 865).865).
TheThe latestlatest foldingfolding inin ththee LakesideLakeside MountainMountainss appearsappears toto havehave acac
companiedcompanied ththee latest,latest, oror !1Basin"Basin andand Range "II faultfault movementmovement alongalong thethe
LakesideLakeside fault.fault. ThisThis isis demonstrateddemonstrated byby ththee dragdrag alongalong thethe northernnorthern parpartt ofof thethe fault.fault. ItIt isis conceivableconceivable thatthat suchsuch dragdrag maymay bebe ofof anan earlierearlier periodperiod ofof faulting,faulting, butbut sincesince foldingfolding ofof thisthis typetype isis foundfound fairlyfairly commonlycommonly alongalong so-calledso-called BasinBasin andand RangRangee faults,faults, itlsit's ageage isis probablyprobably latelate TertiaryTertiary and/orand/or younger.younger.
TimeTime ofof FaultingFaulting
ThereThere isis evidenceevidence ofof atat leastleast twotwo distinctdistinct periodsperiods ofof majomajorr faulting,faulting, separatedseparated bbyy a longlong timetime interval,interval, alongalong ththee LakesideLakeside fault.fault. ThisThis evidenceevidence 3.38
consiconsist stss ofof thethe following:following: 1)l) TheThe LakesideLakeside faultfault hashas a maximummaximum stratistrati graphicgraphic displacementdisplacement ofof overover 90009000 feetfeet comparedcompared withwith a maximummaximum present-daypresent-day topographictopographic reliefrelief ofof onlyonly 26002600 feet.feet. SinceSince therethere isis somesome evidenceevidence (see(see "Geomorphologylf"Geomorphology" below)below) thatthat mostmost ofof thisthis laterlater displacedisplace mentment ofof approximatelyapproximately 26002600 feetfeet tooktook placeplace afterafter thethe developmentdevelopment ofof aa sub-maturesub-mature topographictopographic surfacesurface inin middlemiddle TertiaryTertiary time,time, i.i.e e.,. , inin thethe
BasinBasin andand RangeRange timetime ofof faulting,faulting, thenthen thethe remainingremaining 6500-75006500-7500 feetfeet ofof displacementdisplacement mustmust havehave occurredoccurred beforebefore ---- mostmost likelylikely duringduring veryvery latelate
JurassicJurassic andand earlyearly CretaceousCretaceous time,time, oror latelate CretaceousCretaceous andand earlyearly
TertiaryTertiary time.time. 2)2) IfIf thethe 95009500 feetfeet ofof verticalvertical movementmovement hadhad occurredoccurred inin BasinBasin andand RangeRange time,time, itit isis improbableimprobable thatthat mosmostt ooff thithiss couldcould havehave erodederoded since,since, especiallyespecially inin viewview ofof thethe factfact thatthat thethe maximummaximum amountamount ofof BasinBasin andand RangeRange faultingfaulting alongalong thethe WasatchWasatch faultfault waswas probablyprobably somesome whawhatt lessless thanthan 70007000 feet,feet, butbut thethe WasatchWasatch Mountains,Mountains, eveneven thoughthough theythey receivedreceived severalseveral timestimes ththee precipitatioprecipitationn ofof ththee LakesidLakesidee MountainMountainss durdur inging PleistocenPleistocenee time,time, stilstilll risrisee asas mucmuchh aass 70070000 feefeett abovabovee ththee adjoiningadjoining vallevalleyy floorsfloors.. 33)) IfIf allall ththee faultinfaultingg hahadd occurredoccurred beforbeforee BasinBasin andand
RangeRange timetime,, thethenn ththee presenpresentt abrupt,abrupt, linealinearr fronfrontt ---- witwithh faulfaultt brecciabreccia stilstilll clingingclinging iinn placeplacess ---- woulwouldd havhavee ttoo bbee attributeattributedd entirelyentirely ttoo fairlyfairly recenrecentt differentiadifferentiall erosioerosionn alonalongg ththee faultfault;; ththee olderolder,, hardeharderr rockrockss makingmaking uupp ththee resistanresistantt oorr mountaimountainn blocblockk anandd ththee youngeyoungerr anandd softesofterr rockrockss comcom prisinprisingg ththee vallevalleyy blockblock.. InterestinglInterestinglyy enoughenough,, alonalongg mucmuchh ooff ththee south-south- 1939 westernwestern sideside ofof thethe LakesideLakeside Mountains,Mountains, thethe harhardd andand densedense earlyearly andand middlmiddlee PaleozoicPaleozoic formationsformations dodo comprisecomprise ththee mountainmountain blocblockk andand thethe
softer,softer, moremore easilyeasily erodederoded ManningManning CanyonCanyon formationformation makesmakes upup muchmuch ofof ththee vallevalleyy immediatelyimmediately adjacentadjacent ttoo ththee fault.fault. TheThe bestbest argumentargument againstagainst a purelypurely "differential"differential erosion"erosion" theortheoryy forfor ththee presenpresentt reliefrelief ofof ththee Lakesides,Lakesides, however,however, isis thatthat asas thethe mountaimountainn blocblockk isis tracedtraced northnorth... wardward fromfrom slightlyslightly northwesnorthwestt ofof thethe poinpointt wherwheree ththee LakesidLakesidee faultfault makesmakes itsits abruptabrupt changechange inin directiondirection (Plate(Plate I),I), thethe throwthrow ofof thethe faultfault increases,increases, andand thethe ageage (and,(and, presumably,presumably, hardness)hardness) ofof thethe rockrockss increases,increases, butbut ththee heightheight ofof thethe mountainmountainss block.block, insteadinstead ofof increasingincreasing tootoo., decreasesdecreases anandd finallyfinally nearlynearly diesdies outout entirely.entirely. AndAnd jusjustt beforbeforee thethe northwestwardnorthwestward tractracee ofof thethe faultfault beginbeginss toto becomebecome obscure,obscure, hard,hard, densedense andand massivemassive
CambrianCambrian limestoneslimestones andand dolomited~omitess areare inin faultfault contactcontact withwith softsoft ManningManning
CanyonCanyon formation;formation; yet.yet, thethe mountaimountainn frontfront isis rapidlyrapidly decreasingdecreasing inin height,height, abruptnessabruptness andand linearity.linearity.
TheThe foregoingforegoing evidence,evidence, thenthen,, indicatesindicates atat leastleast twotwo distinct,distinct, andand longlong-separate.. separatedd intervalsintervals ofof faultingfaulting inin thethe LakesidLakesidee Mountains.Mountains.
FromFrom a considerationconsideration ofof morphologimorphologicc evidence,evidence, therethere isis littlelittle questionquestion thatthat thethe latestlatest faultingfaulting occurredoccurred duringduring ththee so-calledso-called BasinBasin andand
RangeRange periodperiod ofof deformationdeformation whichwhich begabegann inin latelate TertiaryTertiary timetime andand hashas continuedcontinued intermittentlyintermittently toto thethe present.present. 4040
TheThe earlierearlier periodperiod ofof faulting,faulting, however,however, isis notnot soso easilyeasily placed.placed.
InIn thethe discussiondiscussion ofof foldsfolds itit waswas suggestedsuggested thatthat thethe initialinitial periodperiod ooff foldingfolding inin thethe LLakesidakesidee MountainsMountains waswas alsoalso thethe mostmost intense.intense. NowNow thethe proposalproposal
. isis madmadee thatthat thethe majormajor faultingfaulting ooff ththee regionregion accompaniedaccompanied thisthis initial,initial, mostmost intenseintense folding,folding, andand resulteresultedd inin a maximummaximum stratigraphicstratigraphic displace-displace I . mentment ofof possiblpossiblyy 65006500 toto 75007500 feet.feet. SinceSince thethe datedate ofof thisthis foldingfolding iiss con-con- jectual,jectual, thethe titimm ee ofof thethe firstfirst faultingfaulting mustmust remairemainn inin questionquestion too,too, andand awaitawait thethe time'e whenwhen additionaladditional informationinformation onon thethe regioregionn maymay helhelpp clarifyclarify thethe pJ"problem·oblem.. 4411
GEOMORPHOLOGGEOMORPHOLOGYY
MorphologicallyMorphologically., ththee southersouthernn parpartt ooff ththee LakesidLakesidee MountainMountainss maymay bbee classeclassedd aass a tiltetiltedd faulfaultt blockblock.. ThThee rangrangee iiss boundeboundedd oonn ththee weswestt sideside bbyy a larglargee high-anglhigh-anglee faulfaultt whicwhichh iiss responsiblresponsiblee foforr ththee fairlfairlyy straighstraightt andand topographicalltopographicallyy abrupabruptt westerwesternn faceface.. ThThee higheshighestt elevationelevationss occuoccurr closeclose ttoo thethe westerwesternn bordeborderr ofof ththee rangrangee andand decreasdecreasee graduallgrad~allyy towartowardd thethe easeastt sideside whicwhichh iiss irregulairregularr iinn formform anandd consistconsistss ooff numerounumerouss alluvialalluvial embaymentsembayments andand intervenininterveningg spurs.spurs.
AAss previouslpreviouslyy mentionementionedd (p(p.. 37-40)37 .. 40)., mosmostt ooff ththee presenpresentt relierelieff ) ooff ththee rangrangee iiss believebelievedd ttoo bbee duedue to-lattola:tee TertiarTertiaryy anandd PleistocenPleistocenee faultfault inging alongalong anan olderolder faultfault whichwhich hadhad itsits inceptioninception eitheeitherr iinn veryvery latelate \
JurassicJurassic andand earlyearly CretaceousCretaceous timetime oror latelate CretaceousCretaceous andand earlyearly TertiaryTertiary timetime.. A periodperiod ofof relativerelative quiescencequiescence precededpreceded ththee latelate TertiaryTertiary andand
PleistocenePleistocene faultingfaulting andand allowedallowed thethe developmentdevelopment ooff a maturmaturee ttoo subsub- maturemature topographytopography overover a widewide areaarea inin northernnorthern UtahUtah whichwhich hashas alreadyalready beenbeen describeddescribed byby GillulyGilluly (1928.(1928, p.p. 1118-1122)1118-1122) andand EardleyEardley (1933).(1933).
RemnantsRemnants ofof thisthis ancientancient topographytopography maymay possiblypossibly exisexistt alongalong thethe crestcrest ofof thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains asas evidencedevidenced byby thethe fairlyfairly flatflat andand eveneven crestcrest- lineline whichwhich maymay bebe bestbest observedobserved fromfrom statestate highwayhighway 36.36, slightlyslightly southsouth ofof
Tooele,Tooele, oror fromfrom thethe crestcrest itself.itself. ThisThis evidenceevidence isis onlyonly suggestivesuggestive ofof suchsuch a surface,surface, however,however, andand therethere maymay havehave beenbeen instead,instead, priorprior toto thethe 1.1, lowLow h.llJhills .,«r• t •al 11l tn.!that .,.ar« 1.1tleft ofof .nu~trllancestral L.k'$ld.Lakeside Mountain", m ,t.,n~s Z.2. LilltLate T.rtl~ryTertiary Iinceptionc'ptlonn ooff &.5InRasm anlindd 11.'"9'Range hulhngfaulting., follOWingfollowing prolongedprolonged "mid-Tertiar^" d-T.d laryy ,r05erosio10nn , Tr.uTrace ofof Lilk'~Lakesidl d,e L~kold.Lakeside f'fauj t- r'Juvln.t,drejuvmated , faultfault shownshown .5as •a dothddotted lin.line.,
- 3.3>. Unprohc.hdUnprotected putpart ofof faufaulltt frontfront (rodederoded bac.kback andand pcdpedi, 4.4. l1..nRenewe (w'd d mov.movement m, nt alon,longg northerno rt., &rn n parpartt ooff ' f,ufaul It t off-off mtntment forms., D,brlsDebris ffroromm (rOSerosiolonn ofof sc.rpscarp carrltdcarried ttoo 5,13sets ppedimented im e nt,, .ndand ,r05erosio10nn cutcutss deepdeep ggullieulll &5s Iin neneww lower-l^ing valleys. scarp.
PLATE.PLATL IIE : POSTULATEP05TULATlDD GL0M02PHIGlOMOQPHICC DEVELOPMENDlVlLOPMlNTT OOFF THTHE.L LAKE5IDLAKESIDE.E MOUNTAINMOUNTAIN')S FQOMFROM LATlLATE TE.RTIAR),TERTIARY TIME.TIME TOTO THE.THL PR[SE.NT.PRE5LNT. 4Z42
BasinBasin andand RangeRange faulting,faulting, anan areaarea ofof lowlow hillshills occupyingoccupying thethe sitesite ofof thethe presentpresent topographicalltopographicallyy highhigh areasareas inin thethe LakesidLakesidee Mountains,Mountains, reflectingreflecting thethe inequalitiesinequalities inin hardneshardnesss ofof rockrockss inin juxtapositiojuxtapositionn fromfrom thethe olderolder move-move mentements alongalong thethe fault.fault. SuchSuch a topographytopography couldcould stillstill bebe consideredconsidered inin thethe sub-maturesub-mature stagestage ofof development.development.
PlatePlate IIII expressesexpresses diagramaticallydiagramatically thethe postulatedpostulated geomorphicgeomorphic historhistoryy ofof thethe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains sincesince theirtheir rejuvenationrejuvenation inin latelate TertiaryTertiary oror earlyearly PleistocenePleistocene time.time, / 1), Low hills are all thitJ are left of the ancestral Lakeside
1). Low hills are all that are left of the ancestral Lakeside Mountains following prolonged mid-Tertiary erosion. Trace
Mountains following prolonged mid-Tertiary erosion. Trace of the Lakeside fault is shown as dotted line. of the Lakeside fault is shown as dotted line. 2). Late Tertiary (many writers have suggested middle or late 2). Late Tertiary (many writers have suggested middle or late Miocene) inception of Basin and Range faulting. Earlier- Miocene) inception of Basin and Range faulting. Earlier- formed, high angle Lakeside fault, coinciding with the formed, high angle Lakeside fault, coinciding with the Basin and Range trend of faulting, is rejuvinated, and, Basin and Range trend of faulting, is rejuvinated, and, intermittently, its eastern side moves relatively upward intermittently, its eastern side moves relatively upward as much as 2000 feet. The maximum movement probably as much as 2000 feet. The maximum movement probably centers in sections I and 2, T. 1 N., R. 9 W., and centers in sections 1 and 2, T. IN., R. 9 W. , and section 35, T. 2 N., R. 9 W. (Plate I), with offset de ... section 35, T. 2 N. , R. 9 W. (Plate I), with offset de creasing in both directions. The movement on the fault creasing in both directions. The movement on the fault is accompanied by gentle regional upwarping of the area is accompanied by gentle regional upwarping of the area 43
centeringcentering aboutabout PuddlePuddle ValleyValley a,ndand extendingextending eastwardeastward intointo
ththee LakesideLakeside Mountains,Mountains, southwal"dsouthward intointo thethe CedarCedar MountainsMountains
andand westwarwestwardd intointo thethe GrassyGrassy R'Lnge.Range.
3)..Becaus Becausee ofof ththze regionalregional Up-Nar?,upwarp, rr~ostmost ofof ththee sedimentssediments
whichwhich areare sheddir..gshedding ::>r..tconto tht..'lee dowrdowndroppe.. dl'oPFed d blbc!~block arcare,, inin
turnturn,, carrh"!dcarried intintoo thethe adjacent,adjacent, lower-lyinglower-lying GreatGreat S:lltSalt
L(ll.keLake BasinBasin andand SkullSkull ValleValleyy enon ththee easteast z.r...dand GreatGreat SaltSalt
LakeLake DesertDesert on.on thethe west.west. \,T:hoseThose areasareas ii~'ln ththee dc.wndr.:lppeddowndropped
I blocblockk whichwhich areare composedcomposed ofof thethe softsoft ManningManning Canyon.Canyon, forma-forma
tiontion areare easHyeasily erodederoded ::tndand gra.duallygradually fOl"Tnform intointo a pediment.pediment.
TheThe faultfault sc;:!.rpscarp adjacentadjacent ttoo thcs~these easilyeasily erodeer~)dedd bedbedss isis leftleft
openopen toto full-full-scalscalee attackattack byby erosionerosion andand thethe mountainmountain frontfront
isis graduallygradually wornworn bacbackk fromfrom thethe faultfault tractracee andand Ilnallyzlnally
coalescescoalesces witwithh thethe pedimentpediment formingforming westwest ofof it.it. TheThe tracetrace
ofof thethe faultfault throughthrough thisthis segmentsegment isis ohsc\'l.red.obscured. TheThe scarpscarp
southeastsoutheast ofof thithiss areaarea ofof ManningManning Canyon.,Canyon, however,however, isis
protectedprotected byby thethe fairlyfairly resistanresist&ntt Oquirl'hOquirrh f<.lr:mationformation ad-ad
jacenjacer.l.tt toto itit inin thethe downdroppeddowndropped blockblock andand isis il0tnot wornworn backback
appreciably.appreciably. TheThe tracetrace ofof thethe faultfault l>eneathbeneath thethe pedimentpediment
isis shownshown asas a dasheddashed line.line. 44
4). LatestLatest stagestage ofof faultingfaulting (post-Tertiary(post-Tertiary ---- pre-Lakepre-Lake Bonneville)Bonneville)
resultresultss inin uplifupliftt ofof upup toto 500500 - feetfeet inin sectionssections 10,10, 15,15, 22,22,
26,26, 27,27, T.T. 2 NN. ••, R.R. 9 W.W. (Plate(Plate I).I). TheThe pedimentpediment isis offsetoffset
verticallverticallyy andand hashas beebeenn trenchedtrenched bbyy deepdeep andand narronarroww washes.washes.
TheThe scarpscarp remainsremains abrupt,abrupt, andand inin places.places, hahass remnantsremnants ofof
thethe originaloriginal faultfault brecciabreccia plasteredplastered toto it.it. ThisThis mostmost recentrecent
faultingfaulting diesdies outout southeastwardt/andsoutheastward, and inin sectionssections 1,1, T.T. 1 NN.. , / R.R. 9 WW.,. , andand 35,35, T.T. 2 NN.,. , R.R. 9 W.,W., ththee predimentprediment hashas notnot
beenbeen appreciablyappreciably elevatedelevated andand formsforms a minorminor reentranreentrantt inin
mountaimountainn frontfront.. TheThe tractracee ofof thethe faultfault throughthrough thisthis segmentsegment
isis dashed.dashed. TheThe upthrownupthrown sideside lyinglying adjacentadjacent toto ththee resistantresistant
OquirrhOquirrh formationformation remainsremains steepsteep andand abrupt,abrupt, althoughalthough largelarge
washeswashes havehave cutcut headwarheadwardd throughthrough ththee OquirrhOquirrh andand areare nownow
beginningbeginning toto vigorouslyvigorously erodeerode ththee scarp.scarp. GEOLOGICGEOLOGIC HISTORYHISTORY
ReconstructionReconstruction ofof ththee geologicgeologic eventsevents occurringoccurring inin thethe LakesideLakeside
MountainsMountains areaarea duringduring muchmuch ofof PaleozoiPaleozoicc timetime andand inin latelate PleistocenePleistocene
andand recentrecent timestimes cancan bebe accomplishedaccomplished byby studyingstudying thethe present-daypresent-day ex-ex
posurposuree ofof thethe cot'respondingcorresponding deposits.deposits. SinceSince MesozoicMesozoic andand CenozoicCenozoic
rockrockss areare missinmissingg oror nonott exposed,exposed, geologicgeologic eventsevents duringduring MesozoicMesozoic andand
CenozoicCenozoic timestimes musmustt bebe postulatedpostulated oonn thethe b!siSb^sis ofof eventsevents inin adjoiningadjoining
regionregionss wherewhere stratigraphicstratigraphic evidenceevidence isis atat hand.hand. Pre-CambriaPre ... Cambriann rocks,rocks,
consistingconsisting ooff tillites,tillites, andand argillaceousargillaceous andand arenaceousarenaceous bedsbeds areare foundfound inin somesome ofof ththee islandsislands ofof GreatGreat SaltSalt LakeLake andand constituteconstitute ththee nearestnearest knowknownn exposuresexposures ofof thesthesee rockrockss (Eardley(Eardley andand HatchHatch,, 1940,1940, p.p. 796-97).796-97).
TheThe knownknown geologicgeologic historhistoryy ofof thethe LakesideLakeside areaarea begabegann withwith ththee depositiondeposition ofof greatgreat quantitiesquantities ofof sandsand andand fine-grainedfine-grained conglomerateconglomerate
inin earlyearly CambrianCambrian time.time. TheseThese bedsbeds werweree depositeddeposited inin a slowlyslowly transtrans ...
gressinggressing earlyearly CambrianCambrian sea.sea. ThThee fine-grainedfine-grained conglomerateconglomerate mamayy havehave
beebeenn derivedderived fromfrom exposuresexposures ofof lowerlower pre-Cambriapre-Cambriann (Archeozoic?)(Archeozoic ?)
rockrockss inin thethe NorthernNorthern UtahUtah HighlandHighland areaarea easteast ofof thethe LakesideLakeside area.area.
SeasSeas continuedcontinued toto occupyoccupy thethe areaarea sporadicallysporadically duringduring MiddleMiddle andand LateLate
Can~brianCambrian timestimes bubutt surroundingsurrounding landland areasareas werweree nownow mucmuchh lower.lower.
GreatGreat seriesseries ofof limestoneslimestones andand dolomites,dolomites, withwith lesserlesser amountsamounts ofof shale,shale, / werewere deposited.deposited. TheThe dolomitesdolomites probablyprobably representrepresent shallow-watershallow-water condicondi tions.tions.
Ordovician,Ordovician, SilurianSilurian andand DevonianDevonian periodsperiods witnessedwitnessed irequentfrequent oscillationoscillation ofof thethe seasseas overover thethe area.area. ThatThat thethe seasseas continuecontinuedd toto bebe mostlymostly shallowshallow mightmight bebe indicatedindicated byby thethe predominancepredominance ofof dolomitedolomite overover limestone.limestone. ThereThere werewere longlong periodsperiods ofof emergence.emergence, especiallyespecially earlyearly inin thethe OrdovicianOrdovician periodperiod andand throughoutthroughout mUfhmuth ofof thethe SilurianSilurian periodperiod.. TheThe sedimentarysedimentary recordrecord indicatesindicates thatthat thethe areaarea waswas emergentemergent foforr longerlonger periodsperiods thanthan itit waswas submerged.submerged. AbsenceAbsence ofof bedsbeds representingrepresenting muchmuch ofof thisthis timetime mamayy bebe attributedattributed eithereither toto non-depositionnon-deposition oror depositiondeposition andand removalremoval byby subsequentsubsequent erosion.erosion. ThatThat suchsuch removalremoval tootookk placplacee isis unun doubted,doubted, bubutt thethe lacklack ofof channelingchanneling oror ofof abruptabrupt variationvariation inin thicknessesthicknesses ofof formationsformations showsshows thatthat thethe emergenceemergence waswas gentlegentle anandd ththee landslands werewere neveneverr farfar aboveabove seasea level.level.
ThickThick LowerLower MississippianMississippian (1)(?) conglomeratesconglomerates (Stokes,(Stokes, personalpersonal communication)communication) inin thethe northernnorthern StansburyStansbury MountainsMountains andand severaseverall hundredhundred feetfeet ofof coarsecoarse sandstonesandstone andand quartzitequartzite immediatelyimmediately belobeloww ththee MadisonMadison limestonelimestone inin ththee StansburyStansbury PeninsulaPeninsula indicateindicate nearbynearby unrestunrest inin latelate
DevonianDevonian andand/o I orr earlyearly MississippianMississippian time.time. LittleLittle evidenceevidence ooff thisthis unun restrest couldcould bbee foundfound inin thethe LakesideLakeside Mountains.Mountains. There,There, MississippianMississippian limestoneslimestones areare separatedseparated fromfrom DevonianDevonian dolomitesdolomites bbyy a 1 toto 3 footfoot bedbed 441? ooff impurimpuree sandstonesandstone.. ThThee conglomeratconglomeratee anandd sandstonsandstonee ttoo ththee easeastt maymay represenrepresentt movemenmovementt ooff ththee NortherNorthernn UtaUtahh HighlanHighlandd iinn latlatee DevoniaDevoniann time.time.
CalcareouCalcareouss depositiondeposition becambecamee predominanpredominantt iinn ththee LakesidLakesidee areaarea followinfollowingg ththee DevonianDevonian.. LimestonesLimestones,, witwithh smallesmallerr amountamount.ss ooff calcareouscalcareous siltstonesiltstoness anandd sandstonessandstones,, compriscomprisee ththee MississippiaMississippiann rocksrocks.. DepositsDeposits frofromm ththee middlmiddlee ooff ththee perioperiodd araree unrepresentedunrepresented.. NotablNotablee changchangee iinn thethe sedimentarsedimentaryy environmentenvironment followinfollowingg ththee depositiodepo~tionn ofof a thicthickk serieseriess ofof
UppeUpperr MississippiaMississippiann limestoneslimestones,, resulteresultedd iinn ththee blacblackk shalesshales,, impureimpure orthoquartzitesorthoquartzites,, andand dark-graydark-gray limestoneslimestones ooff ththee UppeUpperr MississippianMississippian anandd LoweLowerr PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniann (1)(?) ManninManningg CanyoCanyonn formationformation.. PerhapPerhapss aa larglargee areaarea ooff shallowshallow,, stagnant,stagnant, sometimesometimess toxitoxicc watewaterr witwithh low-lyinglow-lying borderlandsborderlands mightmight approximateapproximate thethe conditions.conditions. OccasionalOccasional floodsfloods ofof sandsand andand siltsilt couldcould indicateindicate minorminor unrestunrest inin adjoiningadjoining areasareas oror temporarytemporary changeschanges inin climaticclimatic conditions.conditions.
A gradualgradual returnreturn ofof moremore normalnormal marinemarine conditionsconditions ensuedensued inin earlyearly PennsylvanianPennsylvanian time.time. FairlyFairly rapidrapid subsidencesubsidence nownow beganbegan inin thethe
OquirrhOquirrh basin,basin, andand thethe LakesideLakeside area,area, though'though k somewhatsomewhat removedremoved fromfrom thethe centercenter ofof thethe basin.basin, waswas coveredcovered withwith severalseveral thousandthousand feetfeet ofof lime-lime stonestone andand sandstone.sandstone. SimilarSimilar depositiondeposition probablyprobably continuedcontinued intointo PermianPermian time.time.
ItIt isis notnot knownknown whetherwhether UpperUpper Permian,Permian, Triassic.Triassic, oror JurassicJurassic rocksrocks werewere everever depositeddeposited inin thethe area.area. LimestonesLimestones containingcontaining thethe
, J 4488
MeekoceraMeekocerass faunafauna havehave beenbeen foundfound nearnear SaltSalt LakeLake CityCity andand nearnear GoldGold Hill,Hill,
UtahUtah (Nolan,(Nolan, 1935,1935, pp.. 42)42).. ThisThis suggestssuggests thethe presencepresence ofof a lowerlower TriassicTriassic seasea iinn ththee intervenininterveningg area.area. TheThe nearesnearestt knowknownn occurrencesoccurrences ofof MiddleMiddle andand
UppeUpperr Triassic,Triassic, andand ofof JurassicJurassic rockrockss areare inin thethe WasatchWasatch MountainsMountains easteast ofof SaltSalt LakeLake City.City. TheyThey havhavee nonott beebeenn reportereportedd fromfrom westerwesternn Utah.Utah.
PaleotectonicPaleotectonic mapmapss publishepublishedd toto datedate dodo notnot showshow MiddleMiddle TriassicTriassic toto UpperUpper
JurassicJurassic sedimentssediments inin ththee LakesideLakeside area.area.
RegionalRegional compressioncompression fromfrom thethe west,west, postulatedpostulated asas beginningbeginning inin veryvery latelate JurassicJurassic (?(?)) timetime,, resulteresultedd inin thethe firstfirst majomajorr foldingfolding andand faultfault inging inin ththee LakesideLakeside area.area. TheThe LakesideLakeside faultfault probablyprobably camecame intointo beingbeing atat thisthis time,time, possiblpossiblyy havinhavingg a fairlyfairly largelarge strike-slipstrike-slip asas wellwell asas dip-slipdip-slip component.component. ThisThis orogenicorogenic phasphasee oorrespondedcorresponded ttoo thethe NevadaNevadann oroganyorogany ofof westwe ernern NevadaNevada andand easterneastern California,California, althougalthoughh iitt probablprobablyy reachedreached itsits climaxclimax inin thethe LakesideLakeside areaarea inin earlyearly CretaceousCretaceous timetime,, somewhatsomewhat laterlater thathann toto thethe west.west. TheThe NortherNorthernn UtaUtahh Highland,Highland, coveredcovered withwith a comparativelycomparatively thinthin veneerveneer ofof sedimentarysedimentary rocksrocks,, actedacted asas a semisemi-rigi .. rigidd structuralstructural unitunit whichwhich resisteresistedd intenseintense deformationdeformation whilewhile thethe comparativelycomparatively thickthick troughtrough ofof sedimentarysedimentary rockrockss toto thethe westwest foldedfolded andand overturnedoverturned andand thosethose toto thethe easteast buckledbudded andand thrusthrustt ontoonto thethe easterneastern s:i.deside ofof thethe Highland.Highland. TransverseTransverse shiftshift zoneszones formedformed alongalong ththee southernsouthern bordeborderr ofof thethe Highland,Highland, andand possiblypossibly alsoalso alongalong ththee northernnorthern border.border. ResultanResultantt uplifupliftt andand erosionerosion spreadspread thethe 49
LowerLower CretaceousCretaceous KelvinKelvin conglomerateconglomerate eastwardeastward overover northeasternnortheastern Utah.Utah.
MinorMinor unresunrestt continuedcontinued inin westernwestern UtaUtahh untiluntil latelate CretaceousCretaceous tinletime whenwhen thethe stasnngstamng compressionalcompressional forcesforces ofof thethe LaramideLaramide orogenyorogeny sweptswept ththee region,region, againagain fromfrom ththee west.west. ThisThis timetime,, however,however, somesome ofof ththe\edimentarye sedimentary covercover ofof westernwestern UtahUtah hadhad alreadyalready beenbeen strippedstripped offoff asas a resultresult ofof thethe NevadanNevadan orogenyorogeny andand thethe mainmain forcesforces tendetendedd toto bbee transferretransferredd eastwardeastward ttoo thethe
WasatchWasatch areaarea byby thethe mormoree competentcompetent !!basement""basement"' rocks.rocks. Thus,Thus, thethe earlier-formedearlier-formed foldsfolds andand faultsfaults iinn westerwesternn UtaUtahh werewere nonoww merelymerely accen-accen tuatedtuated and,and, veryvery likely,likely, somesome newnew high-anglehigh-angle basementbasement controlledcontrolled faultsfaults werewere formed.formed.
LaramideLaramide forcesforces graduallgraduallyy subsided,subsided, andand byby middlemiddle TertiaryTertiary timetime thethe regioregionn waswas fairlyfairly quiet.quiet. AAss a consequence.consequence, a sub-maturesub-mature toto maturemature topographytopography waswas developeddeveloped overover a widewide areaarea ofof northernorthernn andand westerwesternn Utah.Utah. InIn latelate TertiaryTertiary andand PleistocenPleistocenee times,times, compressionalcompressional (1)(?) forcesforces werewere againagain feltfelt overover a widewide areaarea ofof westernwestern NortNorthh America.America. TheThe
GreatGreat BasinBasin regionregion yieldedyielded thisthis timetime bbyy block-faultingblock-faulting onon a largelarge scale.scale.
ManyMany ofof thesethese faultsfaults followedfollowed olderolder lineslines ofof faulting.faulting. OthersOthers brokebroke alongalong previouslypreviously unfaultedunfaulted lines.lines. TheThe faultingfaulting duringduring thisthis timetime,, whethewhetherr follow-follow inging olderolder faultsfaults oror breakingbreaking alongalong neneww lines,lines, waswas prediminantlprediminantlyy basement-basement- controlledcontrolled andand tendetendedd toto formform wedgeswedges andand tiltedtilted faultfault blocks,blocks, somesome ofof whichwhich likelylikely passedpassed intointo high-anglehigh-angle reversereverse faultsfaults atat depth.depth. ThisThis typetype ofof 5050
faultingfaulting offeredoffered verticalvertical relierelieff ttoo thethe compressionalcompressional (?)(?) forcesforces andand foldingfolding
waswas minimizedminimized duedue toto thisthis plupluss thethe factfact thatthat thethe sedimentarysedimentary covercover waswas
fairlyfairly shallowshallow inin manymany places.places. TheThe LakesideLakeside MountainsMountains werewere rejuvinatedrejuvinated ;X.
atat thisthis timtimee andand theirtheir bolboldd westernwestern escarpmentescarpment andand ratheratherr eveneven crestcrest- "", lineline resulted.resulted. EvidenceEvidence thathatt thithiss typtypee ofof faultingfaulting hahass continuedcontinued toto thethe
presentpresent timetime isis offeredoffered byby ththee presencpresencee ofof basabasall scarpletsscarplets alongalong manymany rangerangess ooff thethe GreaGreatt BasiBasinn anandd byby earthquakesearthquakes sucsuchh aass ththee PleasanPleasantt ValleyValley, earthquakeearthquake ofof NevadNevadaa inin 19151915 whichwhich wawass merelymerely thethe rejuvinatiorejuvinationn ofof aa typicaltypical BasinBasin andand RangeRange fault.fault. 5151
DETAILEDDETAILED MEASUREMEASUREDD SECTIONSSECTIONS
MississippianMississippian SystemSystem
GreatGreat BlueBlue LimestoneLimestone ThicknessThickness
_ iinn feetfeet
FaultFault (Great(Great BlueBlue limestonelimestone incomplete)incomplete)
1.1. Limestone:Limestone: mediumediumm toto darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers lightlight blue-gray;blue-gray; dense;dense; massivemassive;; ververyy fossiliferousfossiliferous (bryozoa;(bryozoa; brachiopodsbrachiopods,, fewfew corals);corals); abundanabundantt mediummedium ttoo largelarge blacblackk cherchertt nodulesnodules whicwhichh weatherweather predominantlpredominantlyy orangeorange toto lightlight tan.tan • . • • . • • • . • • • • • • •• 1111
2.2. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas ##11 excep~xceptt lessless fossiliferousfossiliferous andand lessless cherty.cherty. 1111
3.3. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas #1#1 • ...... 1717 4.4. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas H2#2 •...... , . . . . . 1717
5.5. Limestone:Limestone: lithographic;lithographic; veryvery darkdark gray;gray; weatheredweathered mediummedium gray;gray; fewfew fossilsfossils ...... •.•...... 1919
6.6. LimestoneLimestone:: mediummedium graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; mediummedium crystallinecrystalline ttoo fragmental;fragmental; ververyy fewfew fossils;fossils; lowerlower 6969 feetfeet containscontains a fewfew widelywidely spacedspaced blacblackk chertchert layerslayers andand lenseslenses ••• ...... 8686
7.7. LimestoneLimestone:: samesame asas #6#6 exceptexcept containscontains lessless chertchert andand weathersweathers blue-grayblue-gray withwith a rougroughh surface;surface; occasionaloccasional silicifiedsilicified cupcup corals..corals. . 7171
8.8. Covered:Covered: floatfloat indicatesindicates samesame asas H7#7 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7070
9.9. LimestoneLimestone:: SameSame asas ##66 exceptexcept fossilsfossils andand chertchert increaseincrease inin lowerlower halhalff untiluntil thethe lowerlower 100100 feetfeet containscontains abundantabundant layers,layers, lenseslenses andand nodulesnodules ofof blackblack chertchert whichwhich averageaverage 2-52-5 inchesinches thick;thick; lowerlower 100100 feetfeet moremore resistantresistant thathann above.above • • • • • • • • •.31 3111
10.10. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; weatherweatherss mediumediumm blue-gray;blue-gray; mediummedium crystalline;crystalline; dense;dense; dense;dense; slightlyslightly cherty;cherty; fairlyfairly abundantabundant fossilfossil fragmentsfragments andand fewfew silicifiedsilicified corals;corals; resistant.resistant ..... • .' • • . • . 1515 52 GreatGreat BlueBlue limestonelimestone continuedcontinued ThicknessThicknes - —" Inin feetfeet 11.11. Limestone:Limestone: silty;silty; veryvery darkdark graygray,, weathersweathers lightlight graygray toto lightlight tantan;; veryvery fossiliferousfossiliferous (broyozoa.(broyozoa, corals.corals, fefeww brachiopods);brachiopods); upperupper 2.323 feetfeet containscontains a fewfew blacblackk chertchert lenseslenses witwithh a thinthin bedbed ofof cal-cal careouscareous sandstonesandstone nearnear thethe top.top . • . . . . . • . • • . . • • • .• 3030 /
12..12. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark graygray ttoo mediumediumm blue-grayblue-gray;; weatherweatherss mediummedium toto lightlight gray;gray; texturtexturee rangerangess fromfrom coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline toto finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; mostlymostly dense;dense; containscontains abundanabunda~tt silicifiedsilicified cupcup corals;corals; chertchert inin thithinn irregulairregularr layerlayerss andand occ~ionaloccasional nodulesnodules ...... 20
13.13. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas ##1 111 exceptexcept thatthat coralscorals areare ververyy abundantabundant andand bottombottom 3 feetfeet containscontains a thithinn sandysandy andand siltysilty layerlayer whichwhich weathersweathers buff...... 3838
14.14. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas #ll.#11, exceptexcept cupcup coralscorals lessless abundant.•• . . . 144144
15.15. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark graygray toto mediummedium blue-gray;blue-gray; weatherweatherss blueblue- gray;gray; coarselycoarsely fragmentalfragmental witwithh sandysandy partingpartings.s • . • • • • 3434
16.16. Limestone:Limestone: mediummedium graygray onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surfaces;surfaces; mediumediumm grainedgrained crystalline:crystalline: 15%15% ofof intervalinterval consistsconsists ofof blackblack ttoo darkdark graygray chertchert lenseslenses andand nodulesnodules whicwhichh weatherweather browbrownn toto black;black; somesome fossilfossil debris.debris • • • • • • 2.2.22
17.17. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas #15#15 .•...• 4343
18.18. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas ##1 166 exceptexcept chertchert weatherweatherss rustrust toto brown.brown ...... • ...... 2121
19.19. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark graygray toto mediummedium blue-gray;blue-gray; weatherweatherss blueblue- gray;gray; denselydensely crystallinecrystalline ttoo coarselycoarsely fragmental;fragmental; sandysandy partpart ings;ings; somesome smallsmall scalescale cross-bedding;cross-bedding; sandsand mediumediumm toto coarsecoarse grainedgrained andand weathersweathers outout onon surface;surface; sandysandy partingspartings decreasedecrease upwardsupwards andand finallyfinally disappeadisappearr neanearr totop.p • • • • • •• 6060
2.0.20. LimestoneLimestone:: samesame asas #19#19 exceptexcept forfor abundantabundant lenseslenses andand nodulesnodules ofof blackblack toto darkdark graygray chertchert whichwhich weatheweatherr rustrust toto browbrownn andand makemake uupp 15-2.50/015-25% ofof ththee uniunit.t . • • • • • • • • • 7070
2.1.21. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas #19#19 exceptexcept sandstonesandstone partingspartings occuroccur throughoutthroughout interval;interval; toptop fewfew feetfeet becomebecomess veryvery coarsecoarse grainedgrained fragmentalfragmental limestone.limestone . • • • . . . • • • • • • . • • ,767 6 5353 ThicknessThickness GreatGreat BlueBlue LimestoneLimestone continuedcontinued inin feetfeet
2222.. LimestoneLimestone:: silty;silty; tantan ttoo yelloyelloww onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; lessless resistanresistantt thanthan aboveabove ••••.•••••••• 44
23.23. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark blue-grablue-grayy ttoo darkdark graygray;; weatherweatherss gray;gray; dense;dense; abundantabundant fossilfossil debrisdebris inin parpartt ofof interval;interval; containscontains a fewfew blackblack chertchert lenses.lenses . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 6464 I 24.24. LimestoneLimestone:: slightlyslightly sandy;sandy; fossiliferous;fossiliferous; coalrsecoarse grainedgrained toto fragmentalfragmental exceptexcept forfor a finefine grainedgrained anandd densedense 1212 footfoot layerlayer neanearr thethe middlmiddlee ofof unitunit;; uppeupperr 5959 feetfeet containscontains aa fewfew blackblack chertchert lenses.lenses • • • • . • • . • • . . . • • • • 103103
25.25. LimestoneLimestone:: sandy;sandy; mediummedium ttoo darkdark blue-gray;blue-gray; weathersweathers graygray toto tan;tan; dense;dense; thithinn beddedbedded;; fewfew fossilfossil fragmel1.tsfragments ••• 2020
26.26. Limestone:Limestone: mediummedium blue-grablue-grayy onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; thickthick bedded;bedded; moderatelmoderatelyy resistantresistant;; occasionaloccasional blacblackk chertchert stringers;stringers; ververyy fossiliferous:fossiliferous: containscontains abundantabundant cutcut corals,corals, organ-pipeorgan-pipe coralcoral colonies,colonies, crinoidcrinoid columnalscolumnals
andand a fewfew brachiopodbrachiopodss •••.•• 0 •••••••••••• 2424
27.27. AlternatinAlternatingg limestone,limestone, sandysandy limestone;limestone; andand calcareouscalcareous sandstone;sandstone; generallygenerally medjummedium ttoo d.arkdark graygray andand weathersweathers tantan toto brownbrown ttoo blue-grayblue- gray;; limestonelimestone isis fairlyfairly fossiliferous;fossiliferous; poorlpoorlyy exposedexposed ••••••.•••••• ...... 5353
28.28. Sandstone:Sandstone: calcareous;calcareous; darkdark tan-graytan-gray;; weatherweatherss browbrownn toto lightlight tan;tan; finefine grainedgrained andand unfossiliferous.unfossiliferous, • • • . • • • • • • 2424
29.29. Limestone:Limestone: mediummedium graygray onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surface;surface; meme diumdium ttoo coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline withwith fairlyfairly abundantabundant fossilfossil debris;debris; fefeww blacblackk chertycherty lenseslenses whicwhichh weatheweatherr brown;brown; occasionaloccasional largelarge
cupcup corals;corals; fairlyfairly non-resistantnon-resistant 0 ••••••••••••• '0 5959
TotalTotal exposedexposed GreatGreat BlueBlue limestone.limestone 15371537 5454
HumbugHumbug formationformation ThicknessThickness iinn feetfeet
1.1. Limestone:Limestone: sandysandy andand silty;silty; veryvery darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers lightlight tantan toto browbrownn toto occasionallyoccasionally gray;gray; occasionaloccasional sandysandy mottlingmottling onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; denselydensely crystalline;crystalline; mostlmostlyy thinthin bedded;bedded; notnot veryvery resistanresistant.t • . • . • • • • . • • 172172
2.2. CalcareousCalcareous siltstonesiltstone andand siltysilty limestone:!limestone:/ veryvery darkdark gray;gray; graygray toto lightlight tantan onon weathereweatheredd surface;surface; 44enseense an 3.3. SameSame asas ##22 exceptexcept lowerlower 1717 feetfeet isis ververyy thinthin beddebeddedd ...... 5151 4.4. Siltstone:Siltstone: calcareous;calcareous; veryvery darkdark gray;gray; weatherweatherss lightlight gray;gray; dense;dense; resistantresistant;; concordantconcordant nodulesnodules andand bandbandss ofof blackblack chertchert whichwhich areare 2 toto 8 inchesinches thicthickk andand weatheredweathered mostlymostly brownbrown makemake upup aboutabout 15%15% ofof bottobottomm halhalff ofof uniunitt andand 200/020% ofof toptop halfhalf;; middlemiddle 1616 feetfeet ofof unitunit isis sandysandy limestonelimestone whichwhich weatherweatherss brownbrown ttoo gray;gray; unfossiliferousunfossiliferous • • • • • • • • ., • 4040 5.5. Limestone:Limestone: sandysandy andand silty,silty, veryvery darkdark gray,gray, weathersweathers graygray ttoo darkdark brown-graybrown-gray ttoo rustrust;; dense;dense; fewfew nodulesnodules andand lenseslenses ofof blackblack chertchert whicwhichh weatherweather brown,brown, beddinbeddingg unitsunits 1 ttoo 4 inchesinches thickthick,, lessless resistantresistant thathann unitunit above.above • • • • • • • • • • • • 2727 6.6. Siltstone:Siltstone: calcareouscalcareous andand carbonaceouscarbonaceous;; blackblack;; weathersweathers grayish-tan;grayish-tan; dense;dense; thinthin beddedbedded;; non-resistannon-resistant.t • • • • • • • Z2 7 7.7. InterbeddedInterbedded sandstone,sandstone, calcareouscalcareous sandstonesandstone andand siltstone,siltstone, andand siltysilty limestone:limestone: sandstonesandstone andand siltstonesiltstone mostlymostly darkdark graygray ttoo almostalmost blackblack anandd weathersweathers darkdark browbrownn ttoo buffbuff;; limelime stonestone isis darkdark graygray andand weathersweathers mediumediumm gragrayy witwithh fairlyfairly abundantabundant fossilfossil debris.debris • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5858 8.8. Sandstone:Sandstone: brownish-graybrownish-gray ttoo lightlight buff,buff, weatherweatherss darkdark toto mediumediumm brownbrown toto tantan;; mostlymostly mediumediumm grainegrainedd bubutt finerfiner grainedgrained towardtoward thethe top;top; cementedcemented bbyy calcite;calcite; botbothh thithinn andand massivemassive bedding,bedding, occasionaloccasional slightslight cross-cross-beddingbedding;; fairlyfairly resistantresistant andand forrnsforms prominenprominentt outcrops;outcrops; mormoree massivmassivee bedsbeds areare friablefriable onon weathereweatheredd surface,surface, grainsgrains consisconsistt mostlmostlyy ofof quartzquartz witwithh a fewfew grainsgrains ofof darkdark graygray chert.chert • • . . • • • •• 150150 5555 ThicknessThickness HumbugHumbug formationformation continuedcontinued inin feetfeet 9.9. Siltstone:Siltstone: darkdark graygray toto almostalmost black;black; weathersweathers graygray- brownbrown ttoo tantan;; calcareous;calcareous; thithinn beddedbedded;; densedense finefine toto coarsecoarse grainedgrained upperupper partpart veryvery carbonaceous;carbonaceous; lowerlower partpart iiss porouporouss onon weathereweatheredd surface.surface • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1919 10.10. Sandstone:Sandstone: darkdark gray-browngray-brown ttoo lightlight tan-gray;tan-gray; weathersweathers mostlmostlyy brownbrown toto tan;tan; finefine toto mediummedium grainedgrained;; welwelll sorted;sorted; madmadee uupp mostlmostlyy ofof frosted,frosted, subangularsubangular quartzquartz grains;grains; cementedcemented bbyy calcite;calcite; lowerlower 550f~et0 feet isis non-resistannon-resistantt andand thin-thin- bedded;bedded; uppeupperr 3434 feetfeet isis massivemassive andand resistanresistant.t • • • • • 8484 11.11. Sandstone:Sandstone: samesame asas flO#10 exceptexcept moremore massive.massive, andand non-non- calcareouscalcareous ...... 9090 12.IE. Siltstone:Siltstone: darkdark gragrayy toto almosalmostt black;black; weathersweathers lightlight tan;tan; mediumediumm toto coarsecoarse grained;grained; carbonaceous;carbonaceous; thinthin beddedbedded andand fairlyfairly non-resistannon-resistantt exceptexcept forfor a 7 footfoot bebedd ofof massivmassivee sand-sand stonestone inin upperupper 1/3l/3 ofof uniunit.t • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• 2727 13.13. Sandstone:Sandstone: darkdark graygray,, weathersweathers lightlight brown;brown; :rnassive;massive; finefine grained;grained; carbonaceouscarbonaceous ...... 2727 14.14. Siltstone:Siltstone: mostlmostlyy veryvery darkdark gray;gray; veryvery darkdark toto mediummedium graygray toto tantan onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; slightlyslightly toto moderatelymoderately calcareous;calcareous; tight;tight; wellwell sorted;sorted; somesome bedbedss ververyy carbonaceous;carbonaceous; generallygenerally thinthin beddebeddedd andand non-resistantnon-resistant butbut severalseveral bedsbeds ---- especiallyespecially inin thethe upperupper parpartt - -.. areare massivemassive andand resistanresistant.t . •. 165165 15.15. Limestone:Limestone: lithographic;lithographic; veryvery darkdark graygray ttoo almosalmostt black,black, weathersweathers mediumediumm graygray andand smooth;smooth; unfossiliferousunfossiHferous., mediummedium bedded;bedded; resistantresistant cliffcliff former;former; lenseslenses ofof blacblackk chertchert areare fairlyfairly commoncommon inin thethe lowerlower 1919 feetfeet ofof unitunit andand becomebecome veryvery prominenprominentt (30(30 - 40%)40%) andand mormoree continuouscontinuous inin uppeupperr 1515 feetfeet ofof unitunit;; chertchert weathersweathers lightlight browbrownn inin lowerlower partpart andand darkdark graygray ttoo brownbrown iinn uppeupperr part;part; uppeupperr 1515 feetfeet veryvery resistanresistant.t • • • • 3434 16.16. MostlyMostly covered:covered: floatfloat indicatesindicates blackblack., thin-bedded,thin-bedded, slightlyslightly calcareouscalcareous siltstonesiltstone whichwhich weatherweatherss brownbrown toto lightlight tantan toto occasionallyoccasionally lavender.lavender, unfossiliferouunfossiliferouss . • • • • • • • • • • • 8888 5656 ThicknessThickness HumbugHumbug formationformation continuedcontinued inin feetfeet 17.17. LimestoneLimestone:: veryvery darkdark blue-gray;blue-gray; weatherweatherss mediumediumm toto lightlight blueblue-gray .. gray;; denselydensely crystalline;crystalline; unfossiliferousunfossiliferousi; resistant;resistant; lowerlower 3 feetfeet hashas partingspartings whichwhich areare veryvery slightlyslightly silty;silty; uppeupperr 4 feetfeet iiss massivn'1assivee •••••••••••••• . . . 7 18.18. MostlyMostly covered:covered: probablyprobably ththee same3ame asas ##1 166 4141 19.19. Chert:Chert: blacblackk onon bothboth freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surface;surface; beddedbedded inin layerslayers a fractionfraction ofof anan inchinch toto 6 incheinchess thickthick;; a fewfew thinthin siltysilty layerslayers lielie betweenbetween thethe chertchert layers.layers • • • • • • • • 1010 2020.. Covered:Covered: floatfloat indicatesindicates lithologieslithologies similarsimilar ttoo #16#16 . . . . . 1717 21.21. LimestoneLimestone:: coarselycoarsely fragmental;fragmental; gray;gray; weatherweatherss graygray withwith a lavenderlavender tinge;tinge; consistsconsists mostlymostly ofof fossilfossil debrisdebris andand fairlyfairly abundantabundant smallsmall angulaangularr fragmentsfragments ofof darkdark graygray andand blacblackk chert;chert; lowerlower andand upperupper contactscontacts coveredcovered bubutt believedbelieved ttoo markmark ththee lowermoslowermostt bedbed ofof thethe HumbuHumbugg formation.formation • • • • 2j TotalTotal ThicknessThickness ofof HumbugHumbug FormationFormation •••. . . 1.1, 173173 \ 57 Thickness DeseretDeseret limestonelimestone inin feet 1.1, Limestone:Limestone: mediumediumm graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; thickthick beddedbedded bubutt non-resistant;non-resistant; fairlyfairly abundantabundant layerslayers andand irregularirregular lenseslenses andand nodulesnodules ofof blacblackk chertchert whicwhichh weatherweather brown;brown; fairlyfairly fossiliferousfossiliferous (mostly(mostly hash).hash) • • • • • • • • • • 53 2Z.. InterbeddedInterbedded chert,chert, dolomite,dolomite, andand limestone:limestone: chertchert isis blackblack andand inin twotwo layerslayers eacheach 1 footfoot thickthick andand separatedseparated byby a 1 footfoot bebedd ofof gragrayy dolomite;dolomite; 3 footfoot bedbed ofof blue-grablue-grayy resistanresistantt limelime stonestone formsforms uppeupperr halfhalf ofof interval;interval; chertchert weathersweathers brown,brown, entireentire unitunit isis resistanresistantt •••. , . -.--0;".. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 6 3.3. MineralizedMineralized layerlayer (upward(upward boundaryboundary blievedblieved toto bebe controlledcontrolled bbyy massivmassivee chertchert layerslayers describeddescribed inin #2)#Z):: consistsconsists ofof mediummedium graygray dolomitedolomite (dolomitized(dolomitized limestonelimestone ?)?) interspersedinterspersed withwith whitewhite calcitecalcite veinsveins upup ttoo Z2 feetfeet thickthick andand occasionaloccasional fragmentsfragments ooff blacblackk chert,chert, som.esome iroironn stainingstaining onon weatheredweathered surface.surface . •• 10 4.4. :r-1imestone:Limestone: mediummedium graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; non-resistant;non-resistant; fossiliferous;fossiliferous; occasionaloccasional lenseslenses ofof blacblack.k chert;chert; ververyy roughrough onon weatheredweathered surface.surface • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15 5.5. Limestone:Limestone: mediummedium graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; ververyy fossiliferousfossiliferous {corals,(corals, gastropods,gastropods, crinoidcrinoid columnals};columnals); resistantresistant -_ -.. formsforms a ledgyledgy cliff;cliff; ledgesledges formedformed byby thinthin siltysilty layerslayers (up(up toto liz1/2 inch)inch) separatingseparating unitunitss ofof limestonelimestone 4 -8-8 inchesinches thick;thick; containscontains a fewfew layerslayers andand lenseslenses (1(1- -2 2 inchesinches thick)thick) ofof blackblack chert;chert; uppeu:>perr 2020 feetfeet isis moremore resistanresistantt thanthan thatthat belobeloww andand formsforms a cliff.cliff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 75 6.6. Limestone:Limestone: mediumediumm toto darkdark gray,gray, weathersweathers mediummedium graygray toto blueblue-gray ... graYi; mostlymostly fragm.entalfragmental (mUch(much fossilfossil debris),debris), cementedcemented byby calcite;calcite; lessless resistantresistant thathann unitunitss aboveabove andand belowbelow andand formsforms a talustalus slopeslope ofof angular,angular, blocky,blocky, toto alal .. mostmost shalyshaly talustalus;; containscontains a fewfew silicifiedsilicified corals,corals, upperupper 2929 feetfeet isis veryvery fossiliferousfossiliferous witwithh somesome layerslayers condstingconsisting entirelyentirely ofof fossilsfossils andand fragments,fragments, fossilsfossils includeinclude EuomphalusEuomphalus sp.•• , CamarotoechiaCamarotoechia sp_,sp. , SpiriferSpirifer sp.sp • • . • •• 89 5858 ThicknessThicknes DeseretDeseret limestonelimestone (continued)(continued) inin feetfeet 7.7. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas '8#8 exceptexcept resistantresistant cliffcliff former.former . . . . 2020 8.8. Limestone:Limestone: mediumediumm toto darkdark gray;gray; weatherweatherss mediummedium graygray ttoo blue-gray;blue-gray; mediummedium crystallinecrystalline toto fragmental;fragmental; fragmentalfragmental layerslayers tendtend toto bebe slightlyslightly cross-bedded;cross-bedded; fossiliferous:fossiliferous; mostlymostly thinthin beddedbedded andand nonott veryvery resistant:resistant; occasionaloccasional ironiron stainedstained shalyshaly partings;partings; weatheredweathered surfacessurfaces generallygenerally fairlyfairly smooth:smooth; uppeupperr 1/31/3 ofof unitunit containscontains a fewfew lenseslenses ofof blackblack chert;chert; silicifiedsilicified coralscorals areare ververyy abundantabundant inin c~_rtaincextain layers.layers • • • • • • • • • 151151 TotalTotal DeseretDeseret limestone.limestone • • • • • • • • • •• 414199 5959 MadisonMadison LimestonLimestonee ThicknessThickness ~~* """""" ' .. inin feetfeet 1.1. LimestoneLimestone:: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers graygray toto blue-grayblue-gray withwith aa roughrough pittepittedd surface;surface; finelyfinely crystallinecrystalline inin upperupper halfhalf butbut mediumediumm crystallinecrystalline ttoo fragmentalfragmental inin lowerlower half,half, lowermostlowermost partpart ofof upperupper halfhalf containscontains numerousnumerous stringersstringers andand blebsblebs ofof blacblackk chertchert upup ttoo 6 inchesinches thick;thick; chertchert weathersweathers brownbrown ttoo orange-orange-brownbrown;; lowerlower halhalff containcontainss abundantabundant brachiopodsbrachiopods andand fragments;fragments; generallygenerally massivemassive throughoutthroughout unitunit •••• 7171 2.2. Limestone:Limestone: cherty;cherty; limestonei&darklimestone is dark graygray andand weathersweathers graygray;; finelyfinely crystallinecrystalline toto finelyfinely fragmental;fragmental; chertchert makesmakes upup aboutabout 300/030% ofof uniunitt andand isis inin thithinn discontinuousdiscontinuous ttoo concon tinuoustinuous layerslayers andand lenseslenses whichwhich parallelparallel bedding;bedding; chertchert isis black,black, calcareous,calcareous, andand weathersweathers browbrownn toto tantan ttoo brownbrown- orange;orange; thisthis unitunit formsforms a distinctivedistinctive andand easilyeasily recognizedrecognized cliffcliff atat mostmost exposuresexposures •••••••••••••••••• 3939 3.3. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark blueblue-gray ... gray;; weatherweatherss blue-grayblue-gray witwithh aa rougroughh surface;surface; fairlyfairly fossiliferous;fossiliferous; lenseslenses andand irregularirregular nodulesnodules ofof blacblackk chertchert (1-3(1-3 inchesinches thickthick)) occuroccur atat interinter valsvals ofof 2Z toto 3 feet;feet; chertchert weatherweatherss blackblack ttoo darkdark brown;brown; resistantresistant cliffcliff former.former • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . 3030 4.4. LimestoneLimestone:: darkdark blue-grayblue-gray;; weathersweathers graygray ttoo blue-gray;blue-gray; mediummedium crystallinecrystalline toto finelyfinely fragmental;fragmental; thinthin beddebeddedd withwith beddinbeddingg ververyy irregularirregular andand lensy;lensy; fossiliferousfossiliferous (including(including Tetracoralla,Tetracoralla, Syringoporidae,Syringoporidae, andand crinoidcrinoid columnalscolumnals notnot aass resistanresistantt asas cliffcliff formingforming unitsunits aboveabove butbut stillstill fairlyfairly resistantresistant •••••••••••••••••••••. • •. • •* 164164 5.5. Limestone:Limestone: mostlymostly coveredcovered butbut probablprobablyy aboutabout thethe samesame asas '4#4 exceptexcept lessless resistantresistant andand veryvery slightlyslightly siltysilty ••••.... . • 2020 6.6. Limestone:Limestone: sandysandy andand impure;impure; lightlight graygray toto tan-orangetan-orange onon freshfresh surface;surface; weathersweathers mostlymostly lightlight tan-gray;tan-gray; thithinn beddedbedded andand non-non-resistantresistant;; sandsand grainsgrains similarsimilar toto thosethose foundfound inin thinthin sandstonesandstone layerlayer whicwhichh separatesseparates ththee DevonianDevonian fromfrom thethe MississippianMississippian (see(see #7)#7);; apparentlyapparently gradationalgradational intointo overover lyinglying unit;unit; contactcontact withwith underlyingunderlying sandstonesandstone layerlayer waswas notnot observedobserved ._« . • . • . . • . • . . • • • • • • • . • • • • . • • 44 6060 MadisonMadison limestonelimestone .. ThicknessThickness """"—————— in feet ,;,}- in feet 7.7. Sandstone:Sandstone: coarsecoarse toto veryvery coarsecoarse grainedgrained,, grainsgrains areare clearclear toto veryvery lightlight aoberamber quartz,quartz, angularangular ttoo sub-angularsub-angular andand mostlmostlyy frosted,frosted, therethere areare a veryvery fewfew smallsmall particlesparticles ofof magnetitemagnetite (?)(?) included,included, sandstonesandstone isis cementedcemented bbyy silica,silica, iron,iron, andand calcitecalcite (specimens(specimens examinedexamined undeunderr ththee binocularbinocular microscopemicroscope showshow eacheach separatelyseparately andand allall threethree together),together), notnot veryvery wellwell sorted,sorted, weathersweathers a lightlight tatann toto buffbuff withwith occasionaloccasional lenseslenses andand layerslayers ofof deeplydeeply tintedtinted orange,orange, red,red, andand brownbrown ironiron staining,staining, uppeupperr contactcontact nonot---o1:5served,t observed, lowerlower contactcontact appearsappears abrupt,abrupt, conformable,conformable, andand fairlyfairly regularregular,, uniunitt averaver agesages aboutabout 1 footfoot iinn thicknesthicknesss bubutt wawass observedobserved toto bebe upup toto 3 feetfeet thick.thick • • • • • • •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...... 1 TotalTotal MadisonMadison limestone.limestone • • • • • • • • • • • • • 329329 TotalTotal exposedexposed MississippianMississippian •• • • • • • • • . . 3,4583,458 "11 • ..' .,. ' ...... ( \. 6161 DevonianDevonian Sys,temSystem Jefferson dolomite Thickness iinn feetfeet 1.1. Dolomite:Dolomite: silty;silty; lightlight brown-graybrown-gray toto dulldull orange-gray,orange-gray, ververyy lightlight tan;tan; dense;dense; non-resistantnon-resistant,, mostmost ofof intervalinterval belowbelow bedbed herehere describeddescribed isis coveredcovered butbut floatfloat indicatedindicated similarsimilar lithologieslithologies thatthat graduallygradually gradegrade intointo ##22 •• 0 • • • • • • • • 4747 2.2. Dolomite:Dolomite: mostlymostly gray;gray; weatherweatherss lightlight graygray;; finefine grainedgrained crycry stalline;stalline; floatfloat indicatesindicates somesome densedense thinthin beddebeddedd browbrownn dolomitedolomite whichwhich isis notnot seenseen inin outcrops;outcrops; intervaintervall isis thithinn beddedbedded andand weathersweathers toto smoothsmooth surface;surface; upperupper 5555 feetfeet isis slightlyslightly cal-cal careouscareous andand exhibitexhibitss occasionaloccasional undulatoryundulatory bedding.bedding .... • • • . • 112112 3.3. Dolomite:Dolomite: graygray ttoo graygray brownbl"Own;; weathersweathers lightlight gray;gray; slightlyslightly calcareous;calcareous; finefine toto coarsecoarse grainedgrained crystalline;crystalline; ververyy thinthin beddebeddedd wherewhere beddinbeddingg apparent.apparent • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5858 4.4. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediumediumm toto lightlight graygray;; lightlight graygray onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; slightlyslightly calcareous;calcareous; fewfew smallsmall vugs;vugs; thithinn beddedbedded... . 5454 5.5. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediumediumm gray;gray; lightlight gragrayy oonn weatheredweathered surface;surface; finefine grainedgrained crystalline;crystalline; thinthin ttoo mediummedium beddebeddedd exceptexcept beddingbedding notnot apparentapparent throughouthroughoutt muchmuch ofof upperupper 150150 feetfeet ofof interval;interval; somesome layerslayers inin upperupper 8080 feetfeet weatherweather withwith in-in didistinc stinctt blebleb bss • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 224224 6.6. Dolomite:Dolomite: graygray ttoo darkdark gray;gray; weatherweatherss lighlightt toto mediummedium gray;gray; mediummedium toto finefine grained;grained; mostlmostlyy dense;dense; middlemiddle 1/31/3 isis ververyy slightlyslightly siltysilty andand weathersweathers lightlight graygray ttoo occasionallyoccasionally bufbufff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . 121121 7.7. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium gray;gray; weatnerweatherss lightlight gray;gray; coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; thinthin beddedbedded wherewhere beddinbeddingg apparent;apparent; 1010 footfoot layerlayer ofof slightlyslightly siltysilty dolomitedolomite inin uppeupperr 1/31/3 ofof uniunit.t • • • • 124124 8.8. Dolomite:Dolomite: sandy;sandy; mediummedium toto lightlight graygray;; thinthin bedded;bedded; beddinbeddingg undulates,undulates, sandsand grainsgrains mediumediumm ttoo ververyy coarsecoarse •. •. 4 9.9. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium gray;gray; weathersweathers lighlightt gray;gray; fewfew vugs;vugs; coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline toto fragmentalfragmental (?)(?) nearnear toptop;; moremore resistantresistant thanthan abovabovee unitunits.s • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ZZ22 6622 JeffersoJeffersonn dolomitdolomitee continuecontinuedd ThicknessThickness """*" -~—~ ininfec feett 10.10. DolomiteDolomite:: dardarkk graygray;; coarselcoarselyy crystalline;crystalline; thithinn bedded;bedded; contaccontactt witwithh uniunitt belobeloww ii5s undulatinundulatingg withwith relierelieff ooff uupp toto 4 inchesinches;; 1I footfoot abovabovee contaccontactt isis a 1010 incinchh layelayerr ooff chertchert concretionconcretion,ss uupp ttoo 6 incheinchess iinn diameterdiameter;; manmanyy fossifossill Irag-frag mentmentss •• • • • ••••••• • • • • • • •• • • • • • • •..... • • • • . • • • • • • 1111 11.11. DolomiteDolomite:: dardarkk ttoo mediu'ITlediu..-rnm gragraY~!ly on botbothh fresfreshh anandd weatheredweathered surfacesurface.; mediumediumm ttoo coarscoarsee grainegrainedd crystallinecrystalline;; mostlmostlyy thinthin beddedbedded;; totopp 4 feetfeet hahass numerounu.."'nerouss smalsmalll (1/(1/44 - 1/1.l/Z incinch)h ) vugvugss • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. *• • • • • • • • • • ••ft 3137 12.12. Sandstone:Sandstone: consistconsistss ofof coarsecoarse., angularangular ttoo sub-sub- rounderounc.edd whitwr.itee quartquarlzs gr3.ins;grains; weatherweatherss browbrownn toto darkdark brown;brown; contactcontact witwithh dolomitedolomite aboveabove andand belobeloww isis sharpsharp andand regularegular.r ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 13.13. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark ttoo mediummedium gray;gray; mediumediumm ttoo coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; vuggv'uggyy (calcite(calcite filled)filled) iinn partpari;; occasionaloccasional irir regularregular oror undulatinundulatingg beddingbedding containscontains fossilsfossils (Cladopora)(Cladopora) nearnear top.top , •, • • • • • • •, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• 3838 14.14. Dolomite;Dolomite; slightlyslightly sandy;sandy; gray:gray; weathersweathers lightlight graygray;; finefine toto mediummedium crystallinecrystalline • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. .• 6 15.15. Sandstone:Sandstone: consistsconsists ofof linefine toto mediummedium grainsgrains ofof whitewhite quart2'quartz whichwhich weathersweathers buffbuff toto reddishreddish-brown.. brown.; per-per* sistant.sistant • • • • • • • • • •• •••••••••••••• • • 2 16.16. Dolomite:Dolomite: similarsimilar toto H13#13 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 55 17.17. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark gray,gray; finelyfinely crystalline:crystalline; dense:dense; mediu..'l!'\medium beddedbedded (1(1- - 33 in.ches);inches); vuggyvuggy andand mottledmottled inin part;part; twotwo veryvery vuggyvuggy intervalsintervals withwith vugsvugs filledfilled VJithwith calcite.calcite • • • • • • ••. . 6868 18.18. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; veryvery coarselycoarsely crystalline:crystalline; thinthin bedded;bedded; nearnear toptop ofof unitunit isis a 1 footfoot bed:;;!bed of graygray chertchert whichwhich weathersweathers brownbrown andand appearsappears toto bebe fairlyfairly continuouscontinuous althoughalthough itit variesvaries some-some whatwhat inin thicknessthickness • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 2121 6363 JeffersonJefferson dolomitedolomite continuedcontinued ThicknessThicknes inin feetfeet 19.19. Sandstone:Sandstone: consistsconsists ofof coarse;coarse; subroundedsubrounded grainsgrains ofof whitewhite quartz.;quartz; weathersweathers brownbrown toto lightlight tantan;; smallsmall scalescale torrentialtorrential cross-beddingcross-bedding inin partpart ••••••••••••••••••••• 6 ZO.20. Dolomite:Dolomite: sandy:sandy; darkdark gray,gray, weathersweathers mediumediumm graygray withwith brownbrown sandsand formingforming thinthin laminationslaminations onon weatheredweathered sursur face;face; coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline ••••••••••••••••••• 7 Z21 1.. DolomiteDolomite:: darkdark gray;gray; weatherweatherss mediummedium gray:gray; thickthick beddebeddedd (apparently(apparently l/Z1/2 - 1 liz1/2 feet),feet), slightlyslightly mottledmottled inin middlemiddle ofof uniunitt becominbecomingg vuggvuggyy (l/Z(l/2 - 1 inchinch inin diameterdiameter andand filledfilled withwith calcite)calcite) inin middlemiddle andand toptop ofof unitunit;; fewfew irir regularregular blebsblebs ofof chertchert nearnear totopp •••••••••••••••• 4455 22.22. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark gray;gray; mediumediumm beddedbedded (1(1- -2 2 inches),inches), fewfew vuggsvuggs filledfilled withwith calcite.calcite • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . 1414 23.23. DolomiteDolomHe:: "mediummedium toto lightlight gragrayy onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; massivelymassively beddedbedded:; mediumediumm toto finefine grainedgrained crystalline;crystalline; becomebecomess mottledmottled (medium(medium andand lightlight gray)gray) atat top.top • • . • . . . • . • • . . . . . • . . • . . . • • • • • 1313 24Z4.. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium toto darkdark graygray onon bothboth fresfreshh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; darkdark graygray predominatespredominates;; thithinn beddebeddedd inin parpartt (less(less - thathann 1/10l/lO inch)inch) butbut formsforms massivemassive units:units; mostlymostly mediummedium cry--cry stalline:stalline; vuggyvuggy inin part;part; upperupper 4040 feetfeet weatherweatherss ttoo smoothsmooth sursur faces,faces, isis slightlyslightly mottled,mottled, andand thethe beddingbedding isis nonott apparent:apparent; 4141 feetfeet aboveabove thethe basebase ofof thethe unitunit isis a 2 footfoot zonezone containingcontaining smallsmall dolomitedolomite concretionsconcretions andand calcitecalcite fillefilledd vugvugss (1(1 inchinch inin diameter).diameter). 8686 Z5.25. DolomiteDolomite conglomerate:conglomerate: consistsconsists ofof angularangular fragmentsfragments ofof lightlight andand darkdark graygray dolomitedolomite upup toto 11/21 1/2 fee'!:feet inin lengthlength andand inin haphazarhaphazardd arrangement,arrangement, layerlayer varievariess fromfrom threethree ttoo fivefive feetfeet inin thicknessthickness,, contactcontact aboveabove conglomerateconglomerate isis irregularirregular withwith reliefrelief ofof uupp toto 3 feet;feet; 6 footfoot bebedd ofof darkdark gray,gray, somewhatsomewhat dede formedformed dolomitedolomite immediatelyimmediately aboveabove conglomerateconglomerate whichwhich concon tainstains smallsmall whitewhite blebblebss andand stringersstringers arrangedarranged paralleparallell toto bedding.bedding , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • . • • • • • • • 1010 6464 JeffersonJefferson dolomitedolomite continuedcontinued ThicknessThickness inin feetfeet l6,26. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; mediummedium toto coarsecoarse crystalline;crystalline; veryvery thinthin beddedbedded butbut resistant;resistant; beddingbedding irregularirregular inin part:part; vuggyvuggy inin part.part • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 2.727 37.27. DolomiticDolomitic conglomerate:conglomerate: jumbledjumbled andand disorienteddisoriented layerlayer ofof angularangular fragmentsfragments ofof dolomitedolomite andand siltysilty dolomite:dolomite; layerlayer variesvaries inin thicknessthickness fromfrom 2.2- - 44 feetfeet withwith upup toto threethree feetfeet ofof reliefrelief onon thethe upperupper contact.c ontact • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 28.28. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark toto mediummedium toto lightlight gray;gray; weathersweathers prepre dominantlydominantly mediummedium gray;gray; mediummedium toto coarselycoarsely crystalline.crystalline. .. .. 2525 29.29. Dolomite:Dolomite: alternatingalternating layerslayers ofof darkdark toto mediummedium gray:gray; weathersweathers mediummedium toto very-J.ightvery-light graygray inin layerslayers rangingranging fromfrom severalseveral inchesinches toto 3 - 4 feetfeet thick:thick; lighterlighter layerslayers gengen erallyerally veryvery finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; darkerdarker layerslayers generallygenerally mediummedium toto coarsecoarse crystalline:crystalline; thinthin (1/l6(1/16 inch)inch) andand undulatingundulating beddingbedding seenseen inin largerlarger units:units; upperupper halfhalf ofof intervalinterval consistsconsists ofof bedsbeds whichwhich areare slight!slightly toto veryvery vuggy;vuggy; smallersmaller vugsvugs generallygenerally filledfilled withwith calcitecalcite andand dolomitedolomite:; somesome ofof largelarge vugsvugs areare uupp toto 3 inchesinches inin diameter;diameter; totopp 1010 feetfeet containscontains smallsmall ir-ir regularregular blebsblebs ofof chertchert •••••••••••••••••• • • • 9292 30.30. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark graygray toto brownbrown inin lowerlower partpart becomingbecoming darkdark graygray inin upperupper partpart:; lowelowerr partpart weatherweatherss darkdark toto lightlight gray:gray; upperupper parpartt darkdark gray:gray; somesome thinthin andand irregularirregular beddingbedding:; maymay showshow smallsmall scalescale channeling.channeling ...... • • • • • • •. • •. 44 3131.. DolomiteDolomite:: mediumediumm graygray;; weatherweatherss lightlight graygray:; densedense;; veryvery slightlyslightly calcareoucalcareouss • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1717 3232.. DolomiteDolomite:: dardarkk graygray;; weatherweatherss mediumediumm ttoo lightlight gray;gray; finelfinelyy crystallincrystallinee anandd densedense:; massivemassive;; totopp 2 feefeett isis finelyfinely laminatelaminatedd anandd s.eparatedseparated fromfrom bedbedss belobeloww bbyy aann irregularirregular surfacesurface witwithh 4-4 -5 5 incheinchess reliefrelief:; smallsmall scalescale channelinchannelingg andand crumplincrumplingg iinn totopp parpart.t • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 1414 3333.. DolomiteDolomite:: dardarkk graygray:; weatherweatherss dardarkk ttoo mediumediumm graygray:; somesome undulatinundulatingg beddingbedding;; irregulairregularr blebblebss seeseenn oonn weathereweatheredd sur-sur facfacee whicwhichh cucutt acrosacrosss beddinbeddingg planeplanes.s • • • • • • • • • •• 1212 6565 JeffersonJefferson dolOInitedolomite continuedcontinued Thickness in feet , . - Note:Note: unitsunits 8 throughthrough 3333 ofof thethe JeffersonJefferson dolomitedolomite areare moremore resistantresistant thathann thosethose immediatelyimmediately aboveabove andand thosthosee belowbelow andand formform anan imposingimposing stepstep ---- likelike cliffcliff whicwhichh hahass a darkdark graygray colorcolor whewhenn vieweviewedd fromfrom a distance.distance, 34.34. Dolomite:Dolomite: shaly;shaly; non-resistantnon-resistant;; mostlmostlyy thinthin beddedbedded;; colorcolor variesvaries fromfrom buffbuff toto veryvery darkdark graygray withwith darkdark graygray prepre dominant;dominant; severalseveral thinthin layerslayers areare phosphaticphosphatic (?)(?) appearing;appearing; dolomitedolomite isis coarsecoarse toto finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; shalyshaly partings.partings • • • • 45 35.35. Sandstone:Sandstone: lightlight browbrownn ttoo buffbuff onon botbothh freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; consistsconsists ofof coarsecoarse toto veryvery coarsecoarse grainsgrains ofof subsub- angularangular whitwhitee quartzquartz cementedcemented byby ironiron stainedstained calcite;calcite; resistant;resistant; slightlyslightly cross-cross-beddedbedded;; aboutabout inin middlemiddle ofof unitunit isis anan 8 - 1212 inchinch layerlayer ofof finefine conglomerateconglomerate whicwhichh isis composedcomposed ofof ververyy coarsecoarse grainsgrains ofof quartzquartz andand largerlarger angularangular toto sub-sub- roundedrounded pebblespebbles ofof dolomite.dolomite • • • • • • • • • ••••• • • • • • • •. • 7 36.36. DolomiteDolomite;; shalyshaly partingspartings;; darkdark graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; finefine ttoo coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; smoothsmooth toto saccharoidalsaccharoidal onon weathereweatheredd surface;surface; dense;dense; thithinn bedded;bedded; non-resistant.non-resistant . •. •. 16 37.37. ShaleShale anandd dolomite:dolomite: 8 inchinch layerlayer ofof dardarkk graygray toto black,black, coarselycoarsely crystalline,crystalline, thinthin bedded,bedded, resistantresistant dolomitedolomite toppedtopped byby aboutabout 5 feetfeet ofof non-resistannon... resistantt (partly(partly covered)covered) densedense blackblack shaleshale whichwhich weathersweathers browbrownn toto lavenderlavender • • • • • • • • • •• • 6 38.38. DolomiteDolomite:: mediummedium toto darkdark graygray onon fresfreshh andand weatheredweathered sursur face;face; finelyfinely crystallinecrystalline andand dense;dense; thithinn beddedbedded ---- laminatedlaminated inin part;part; non-resistannon-resistantt •••••••••• ...... 19 39.39. Covered:Covered: probablyprobably ththee samesame asas #38#38 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15 40.40. DolomitDolomitee andand dolomiticdolomitic conglomerate:conglomerate: lyinglying upouponn veryvery prominentprominent contactcontact showingshowing relierelieff ofof upup ttoo 1515 feet;feet; bedbedss ... aboveabove contaccontactt zonzonee consistconsist ofof 55-1 ... 155 feetfeet ofof dolomiticdolomitic concon glomerateglomerate ~ithwith angularangular piecepiecess ofof lightlight toto darkdark dolomitedolomite upup toto 1 1/21/2 feetfeet inin diameter;diameter; conglomerateconglomerate becomebecomess finerfiner upwardupward andand gradesgrades intointo massive,massive, darkdark graygray dolomitedolomite whichwhich isis sugary,sugary, somewhatsomewhat ironiron stained,stained, andand mottlemottledd onon weatheredweathered surfacesurface ••.•.•...•••.•••.•.• It • • • • • • •• 29 TotalTotal JeffersoJeffersonn dolomite.dolomite. • • • • • • •• 1,469 6666 WaterWater CanyonCanyon dolomitedolomite ThicknessThickness inin feetfeet 1.1. Dolomite:Dolomite: lightlight gray;gray; weathersweathers mediummedium gray;gray; mediummedium toto finefine crystallinecrystalline andand weathereweatheredd ttoo a finelyfinely sugarysugary surfacesurface tex-tex ture;ture; veryvery thithinn beddedbedded ---- beddinbeddingg gentlygently contorted;contorted; thertheree isis aa distinctivedistinctive twotwo footfoot bebedd ofof brownbrown dolomitedolomite whichwhich weathersweathers browbrownn andand iiss non-resistannon-resistantt 1212 feefeett belobeloww ththee totopp ooff thisthis unitunit;; - aboveabove thithiss brownbrown layerlayer thethe dolomitedolomite becomebecomess coarselycoarsely crystalcrystal lineline andand weathersweathers coarselycoarsely sugary,sugary, thisthis totopp 1212 footfoot unitunit isis mediummedium gray,gray, somewhatsomewhat vuggyvuggy,, andand formsforms a cliff.cliff • • • • • • • • •• 3636 z.2. Dolomite:Dolomite: lightlight gray;gray; denselydensely crystallinecrystalline •••••• • • • • • • • • 3333 3.3. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediumediumm graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; somesome thinthin laminationslaminations nearnear bottombottom;; denselydensely crystalline.crystalline • • • • • • •• 7 4.4. DolomiteDolomite:: lightlight gray-brown;gray-brown; weatheredweathered surfacesurface isis roughrough andand pitted;pitted; veryvery slightlyslightly calcareous;calcareous; toptop tenten feetfeet isis mormoree resistantresistant thanthan restrest ofof unit.unit • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 130130 5.5. Dolomite:Dolomite: lighl1ghtt brown-graybrown-gray;; weatherweatherss veryvery lightlight graygray toto almostalmost white;white; slightlyslightly calcareous;calcareous; densdensee ---- micromicro crystalline;crystalline; fossilifossili ferousferous nearnear basebase andand atat intervals;intervals; slightlyslightly irregulairregularr beddinbeddingg atat intervals;intervals; 2 inchinch layerlayer ofof sandstonsandstonee 2 feetfeet aboveabove basebase;; abundantabundant andand easilyeasily recognizedrecognized fishfish scalesscales (definitely(definitely DevonianDevonian accordingaccording toto Stokes)Stokes) areare foundfound inin a sixsix inchinch layerlayer aboutabout 88-1 .. 122 inchesinches aboveabove base;base; basebase iiss slightlyslightly irregularirregular andand showsshows reliefrelief ofof upup toto 4 inches,inches, unitunit moremore resistanresistantt thanthan uppermostuppermost uniunitt ofof LaketownLaketown dolomite.dolomite. ••. . 3535 6.6. Dolomite,Dolomite, lightlight brown-gray;brown-gray; slightlyslightly silty;silty; inin partpart ironiron stained;stained; irregularirregular bedding;bedding; thicknessthickness ofof uniunitt varievariess fromfrom aboutabout 8 inchesinches toto 1515 inches,inches, averagesaverages aboutabout a footifoot; bothboth upperupper andand lowerlower contactscontacts areare irregular;irregular; apparentlyapparently a zonezone ofof gradationgradation fromfrom LaketownLaketown toto WaterWater Canyon,Canyon, unfossiliferousunfossiliferous •...... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••. 1 TotalTotal WaterWater CanyonCanyon for:mationformation •...... • • • • • . • 242242 TotalTotal DevoniaDevonian.n • • • • • • • • • • • • .1,1,71 7111 6767 SilurianSilurian Systemy s t e m LaketownLaketown dolomitedolomite ThicknessThicknes inin feetfeet 1.1. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark toto mediummedium gray;gray; weathersweathers mediummedium ttoo lightlight gray;gray; densedense crystalline:crystalline; somesome slightlyslightly irregularirregular beddingbedding seenseen butbut mostmost beddingbedding unapparent;unapparent; becomebecomess darkdark graygray to-to wardward bottom;bottom; resistanresistant.t • • • • • • • • •, • • • • • • • • • •• 114114 2.2. Dolomite:Dolomite: mostlymostly mediummedium toto lightlight gray;gray; muchmuch contortioncontortion ofof beddingbedding andand abundantabundant intraformationalintraformational conglomerate,conglomerate, withwith angularangular particlesparticles fromfrom 1/2l/2 toto 8 - 1212 inchesinches inin length:length; concon glomerateglomerate consistsconsists ofof dolomitedolomite andand a veryvery fewfew chertchert fragments;fragments; 8 feetfeet aboveabove basebase ofof unitunit isis a 5 footfoot bedbed ofof veryvery thin-bedded,thin-bedded, shaly,shaly, calcareouscalcareous dolomitedolomite whichwhich weathersweathers likelike shale;shale; intraintra formationalformational conglomerateconglomerate becomebecomess lessless abundantabundant inin totopp tenten feetfeet andand isis replacereplacedd byby severalseveral thinthin shalyshaly dolomitedolomite layers;layers; un-un fossiliferous;fossiliferous; entireentire unitunit isis non-resistant.non-resistant • • • • • • • • •• 7070 3.3. Dolomite:Dolomite: lightlight gray,gray, coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; weathersweathers sugary:sugary; occasionaoccasionall veryvery finefine fragmentsfragments ofof irregularirregular lightlight blue-grayblue-gray dolomite;dolomite; fairlyfairly non-resistantnon-resistant;; upperupper 1717 feetfeet isis slightlyslightly vuggyvuggy withwith vugsvugs linedlined withwith smallsmall quartzquartz crystalscrystals • • • • • • • • • • • 3838 4.4. Dolomite:Dolomite: light,light, medium,medium, andand darkdark gray:gray; mostlymostly coarselycoarsely crystalline:crystalline; weathersweathers toto sugarysugary texture;texture; irregularirregular beddingbedding witwithh occasionaloccasional intraformationalintraformational conglomerate:conglomerate; fairlyfairly non-non- resistantresistant ••••••• ...... • ...... 1515 5.5. DolomiteDolomite:: lightlight gray;gray; beddingbedding contorted:contorted; somesome coarsecoarse intraformationalintraformational conglomerate;conglomerate; somesome chertchert containingcontaining silicifiedsilicified SyringoporaSyringopora • • • • • • • •. • • • • • • • • • • • . . 2424 6.6. Dolomite:Dolomite: lightlight gray;gray; weathersweathers veryvery lightlight graygray toto almostalmost whitewhite witwithh a sugarysugary surfacesurface texture;texture; coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; fairlyfairly porous:porous; slightlyslightly vuggy.vuggy ....*..«• • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • 2020 7.7. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium toto lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; slightlyslightly cherty:cherty; alternatingalternating finelyfinely andand coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline texture;texture; coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline predominatespredominates andand weatherweatherss toto sugarysugary surface;surface; slightlyslightly blotchyblotchy onon weatheredweathered surfacesurface • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1212 6.68 LaketownLaketown dolomitedolomite continuedcontinued Thic! 8.8. Dolomite:Dolomite: veryvery lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; mediummedium toto coarsecoarse grained;grained; sugary;sugary; porousporous (~Jery(very finelyfinely vuggy);vuggy); grainsgrains cementedcemented byby calcite;calcite; generallygenerally non-resistant:non-resistant; contactcontact betweenbetween thisthis andand thethe underlyingunderlying mediummedium graygray uniunitt isis gradationalgradational throughthrough a fivefive footfoot zonezone • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. 4141 9.9, Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium gray:gray; finefine toto mediummedium crystalline,crystalline, bebe comingcoming coarsercoarser upwards;upwards; dense;dense; resistantresistant cliffcliff {oTmerjformer; fewfew fossilsfossils (corals(corals andand mediummedium sizedsized crinoidcrinoid columnals);columnals); toptop 3636 feetfeet isis slightlyslightly vuggyvuggy andand hashas a suga:!"ysugary weatheredweathered sur-sur faceface ••• . . . . .» ...... * ...... 6666 10.10. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium toto lightlight gray;gray; coarsecoarse grainedgrained crystalline;crystalline; sugarysugary allon weatheredweathered surface;surface; thinthin andand irregularlyirregularly beddedbedded wherewhere beddinbeddingg apparent.apparent; moremore resistantresistant thanthan belowbelow bubutt lessless resistantresistant thanthan above;above; nono chert;chert; fewfew vugsvugs inin middlemiddle partpart ofof unitunit -_ -.. j&omjomee filledfilled vJithwith calcitecalcite ••••••••••••••••• . . 4545 11.11. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediumediumm graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; _,_~"""coa.— coarsel ... selyy crystalline;crystalline; sugarysugary weathereweatheredd surface;surface; somesome layerslayers slightlyslightly vuggYivuggy; thithinn beddedbedded inin parpartt withwith somesome irregularirregular bedding;bedding; upperupper Z929 feetfeet isis slightlyslightly chertycherty (thin(thin brownbrown layers)layers) andand concon taintainss a fewfew thinthin layerslayers ofof smallsmall (1/8(1/8 - liz1/2 inch)inch) dolomitedolomite con-con cretionscretions • ...... , ...... 5757 J!t0¢ 12;12. Dolomite:Dolomite: mostlymostly darkdark graygray onon freshfresh a.ndand weatheredweathered surface,surface, containscontains abundantabundant lightlight graygray toto whitewhite chertchert inin irregularirregular butbut closelyclosely spacedspaced layerslayers l/Sl/8 - 1/161/16 inchinch thick;thick; thesethese areare inter-inter spersedspersed withwith lessless chertycherty layers;layers; numerousnumerous veryvery smallsmall vuggvuggss •. 3434 13.13. Dolomite:Dolomite: sa~esame asas #12#12 exceptexcept thatthat chertchert makesmakes upup largerlarger percentagepercentage ofof unitunit andand weathersweathers brown.brown • • • • • • • • • • • •4 14.14. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediumediumm graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; mediummedium crystalline;crystalline; fossiliferous;fossiliferous; containscontains largelarge crinoidcrinoid columnalscolumnals andand numerousnumerous PentameroidPentameroid brachiopods;brachiopods; vuggy:vuggy; vugsvugs andand somesome brachiopodsbrachiopods areare Hnedlined withwith smallsmall clearclear quartzquartz crystals;crystals; moremore resistantresistant thanthan bedbed immediatelyimmediately belobelow.w , 6 TotalTotal LaketownLaketown dolomite.dolomite • • • • •• 546546 6, OrdovieianOrdovician 5ystemSystem ., , ~ . Fish Haven dolomite Thickness iinn feetfeet 1.1. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium gray;gray; mediummedium toto coarsecoarse crystalline;crystalline; dense;dense; chertchert inin thithinn bands,bands, lenseslenses andand layerslayers 6 inchesinches toto 3 feefeett apart;apart; chertchert notnot veryvery noticeablenoticeable exceptexcept enon closeclose inspection;inspection; totopp 2 feetfeet showsshows sornesome evidenceevidence ofof a silicifiedsilicified sUl'faces u s* fa ce andand formsforms aa smallsmall bench.bench • • • . • • • • ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• ••• 6060 2.2. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium gray;gray; weathersweathers blueblue-gray .. gray;; veryvery rougroughh andand pittedpitted surface,surface, fairlyfairly continuouscontinuous chertchert layerslayers I1- - 4 4 inchesinches thickthick andand occasionaloccasional nodulesnodule s ofof chertche rt ••••••••••••...... 88 3.3. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium toto darkdark gray;gray; mediummedium crystalline;crystalline; dense;dense; fewfew coralscorals (?);(?); veryvery roughrough onon weatheredweathered surfacesurface • • • • • • • 3535 4.4. Dolomite;Dolomite; mediu.mmedium gray;gray; mediummedium toto coarsecoarse grainedgrained crystalcrystal lineline toto fragmental;fragmental; blotchyblotchy inin partipart; somesome irregularirregular bedding;bedding; moremore resistantresistant thanthan aboveabove oror below;below; weatheredweathered surfacesurface veryvery roughrough andand pittedpitted;; towartowardd toptop becomesbecomes en.tirelyentirely crystallinecrystalline withwith severalseveral indistinctindistinct alternatingalternating 22- .. 55 footfoot layerslayers ofof medium.medium andand lightlight gray;gray; also,also, beddingbedding becomesbecomes moremore irregularirregular andand blotchblotchyy inin upperupper 1/41/4 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5353 5.5. Dolomite:Dolomite: samesame asas #4#4 exceptexcept lessless resistantresistant andand containscontains somesome veryvery thinthin bedded,bedded, laminatedlaminated layers.layers • • • • • • • • • 3333 6.6. Dolomite:Dolomite: lightlight graygray becominbecomingg mediumediumm graygray towardtoward top;top; vuggyvuggy (small);(small); resistant;resistant; becomesbecomes slightlyslightly chertycherty andand somev/hatsomewhat blotchyblotchy nearnear toptop ...... 1515 7.7. Dolomite:Dolomite: !"lediummedium gray;gray; weathersweathers lightlight gray;gray; non-resistant;non-resistant; de!.uselydensely crystalline.crystalline ...... • • • • • • • • •. • •...... • • • • .. • • • ••. 1111 8.8. Dolo:::nite:Dolomite: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers darkdark toto mediummedium gray;gray; chertycherty (in(in finefine hlotch~sblotches and.and fra.gments);fragments); smallsmall \lugsvugs (some(some filledfilled withwith clearclear quartzquartz crystals);crystals); denselydensely crystalline;crystalline; resistant.resistant .... • • • . • 1212 9.9. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium toto lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered sur-sur faces;faces; slightlyslightly vuggyvuggy inin pa.rt;part; slightlyslightly porousporous inin uppeupperr part..part . . 221 1 7070 Fish Haven dolomite continued Thickness in feetfeet 10.10. Dolomite:Dolomite: alternatingaltemating bandbandss ofof dark,dark, medium.medium, andand lightlight graygray- onon bothboth freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; bandsbands 11- -3 3 feetfeet thick;thick; 33- -44 footfoot layerslayers ofof chertycherty dolorn.itedolomite neanearr top;top; unfossiliferousunfossiliferous •. 2525 11.11. Dolomite:Dolomite: graygray;; weatherweatherss lighlightt gray;gray; denselydensely crystalline;crystalline; thithinn beddebeddedd iinn parpart.t • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. 1010 12.12. DolomiteDolomite:: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers darkdark gray;gray; denselydensely crystalcrystal line;line; numerounumerouss smallsmall blobsblobs ofof graygray chertchert whichwhich weatheweatherr brown-brown- orangeorange • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • . . . . • • • • • •. .• • 66 13.13. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium gray;gray; lightlight blue-grablue-grayy onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; crystallinecrystalline (finely(finely sugary);sugary); veryvery thinthin chertycherty layerslayers inin upperupper twotwo feetfeet ••••••••••••••••• . ... 1616 14.14. DolomiteDolomite:: darkdark toto mediummedium graygray;; graygray toto lightlight graygray onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; weatherweatherss slightlyslightly blotchblotchyy inin partpart;; fewfew layerslayers ooff fossilfossil debris;debris; increasinglincreasinglyy chertycherty nearnear toptop;; chertchert irregularirregular andand discontinuousdiscontinuous andand weatherweatherss blacblackk toto brownbrown toto orangeorange . . • • • . . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . . • . • . • • . • 4343 15.15. DolomiteDolO1nite:: darkdark gray;gray; commoncommon irregular.irregular, discontinuousdiscontinuous layerslayers ofof gragrayy chertchert whichwhich weathersweathers brownbrown toto blackblack;; bothboth chertchert andand dolomitedolomite areare veryvery fossiliferous;fossiliferous; HalysitesHalysites sp••. .. • . • 1010 16.16. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark gray;gray; dense;dense; crystalline;crystalline; resistant.resistant • • • • • 1313 17.17. Dolomite:Dolomite: slightlyslightly calcareous;calcareous; darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers lightlight blue-grayblue-gray;; dense;dense; leslesss resistanresistantt thanthan bedsbeds aboveabove •••••• • I8 18.18. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium toto darkdark graygray onon botbothh freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; dense;dense; lessless resistanresistantt thathann bedbedss belobelow.w • • • • • • 3535 19.19. DolomiteDolomite:: lighlightt gray,gray, finelyfinely fragmentalfragmental ttoo mediummedium crystalcrystal lineline;; weathersweathers lighlightt graygray witwithh a rougroughh andand pittepittedd surface;surface; slightslight bandinbandingg ofof unitunitss notednoted;; ververyy thin-thin-beddebeddedd inin partpart (1/32(1/32 inch);inch); resistant;resistant; becomesbecomes densedense (except(except forfor fewfew smallsmall vugs)vugs) andand mediumediumm graygray towartowardd toptop;; fewfew corals.corals • • • • • • 5151 7711 FisFishh HaveHavenn dolomitdolomitee continuecontinuedd ThicknessThickness " *in in feetfeet 202.0.. DolomiteDolomite:: alternatinalternatingg layerlayerss ooff ververyy lighlightt gragrayy anandd veryvery dardarkk gragrayy witwithh generallgenerallyy sharsharpp contactcontactss havinhavingg uupp ttoo 44 incheinchess ooff reliefrelief;; individuaindi viduall layerlayerss 1-1 -3 3 feefeett thickthick,, becomingbecoming thickethickerr towartowardd totopp ooff unitunit;; densedense;; thithiss uniwlitt anandd thathatt belowbelow forformm a distinctivdistinctivee bandebandedd uniunitt whewhenn seeseenn frofromm a distancdistance.e .. • . • 1.14 2121.. DolomiteDolomite:: dardarkk graygray;; weatherweatherss dardarkk graygray;; fossiliferous;fossiliferous; coarselcoarselyy clasticlasticc anandd resistantresistant;; cherchertt lenselensess begibeginn 4 feetfeet abovabovee basbasee ooff formationformation;; lenselensess araree thithinn anandd discontinuousdiscontinuous andand consistconsist ooff dardarkk gragrayy cherchertt whicwhichh weatherweatherss borwborwnn ttoo blackblack anandd makemakess uupp onlonlyy a smallsmall percenpercentt ooff ththee rocrock.k • • • • • • • • 3535 TotaTotall FisFishh HaveHavenn dolomitdolomite.e • • • • • • • •• 514514 , <- 'i j , . 7272 SwanSwan PeakPeak formationformation ThicknessThicknes inin feetfeet 1.1, Sandstone:Sandstone: quartzitic,quartzitic, inin part;part; finefine grained;grained; grainsgrains consistconsist ofof angular,angular, well-sorted,well-sorted, clearclear quartz;quartz; weathersweathers whitwhitee toto lightlight tantan ttoo dulldull rust;rust; unevenlunevenlyy ironiron stained;stained; sandstonesandstone isis mostlmostlyy friablefriable excepexceptt forfor upperupper 4 feetfeet whichwhich iiss mostlr~~ostlyy quartquart zite,zite, exhibitsexhibits torrentialtorrential cross-bedding,cross-bedding, anda.nd isis moremore resistantresistant thanthan bedsbeds below;below; abruptabrupt uppeupperr contactcontact withwith darkdark graygray dolomitedolomite ofof overlyingoverlying FishFish HavenHaven dolomite.dolomite • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1515 Z.2, Covered:Covered: floatfloat indicatesindicates mostlmostlyy lightlight tantan toto l"ustyrusty coloredcolored siltstonesiltstone andand sc,ndysa.ndy siltstone,siltstone, alsalsoo somesome arenaceousarenaceous limelime stonestone witwithh abundantabundant fossilsfossils foundfound inin float;float; fossilsfossils includeinclude cephalop<.ds,cephalopods, brachiopodbrachiopodss andand ostracods;ostracods; thisthis intervalinterval isis non-resistantnon-resistant andand formsforms gentle,gentle, talustalus mantledmantled slo~esslopes •... • • . • 7878 3.3. Siltstone:Siltstone: calcareous;calcareous; dulldull brown-gray;brown-gray; lightlight tatann onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; thithinn beddedbedded;; non-resistannon-resistantt slopeslope maker.maker . Z626 4.4. Limestone:Limestone: siltysilty andand sandy;sandy; darkdark graygray bubutt weathersweathers brownbrown- graygray ttoo rusrustt brownbrown;; ironiron stainingstaining prominent;prominent; thithinn bedded;bedded; fossiliferousfossiliferous inin partpart;; inin itsits lessless siltysilty andand sandysandy partsparts thethe limestonelimestone consistsconsists ofof welwelll roundedrounded smallsmall grainsgrains ofof lime-lime stonestone cementecementedd byby crystallinecrystalline limestonelimestone.. ContacContactt witwithh underunder lyinglying GardenGarden CityCity limestonelimestone isis gradationalgradational andand arbitrarilyarbitrarily chosenchosen wherewhere siltsilt andand sandsand becomebecome anC'.and remairemainn prominenpror.:linent.t . • ZO20 TotalTotal SwanSwan PeakPeak formation.formation • • • • • •• 139139 7733 t GardeGardenn CitCityy limestonelimestone ThicknesThicknesss iinn feetfeet 1.1. LimestoneLimestone:: dardarkk graygray;; weatherweatherss lighlightt blue-grablue-grayy witwithh rustyrusty mottlesmottles;; ververyy finelfinelyy crystallinecrystalline;; thithinn beddedbedded;; densedense;; slightlyslightly siltsilty.y . . . • . . . . . • . . . . • . • . . . • ...... • . . • 2020 2z.. LimestoneLimestone:: slightlslightlyy siltysilty;; lighlightt graygray;; silsiltt weatherweatherss ououtt onon surfacesurface ssoo thathatt surfacsurfacee iiss mostlmostlyy rust-browrust-brownn iinn colocolor.r ... • • . • • 3737 33.. LimestoneLimestone:: samsamee aass #HZ2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7 4.4. LimestoneLirnestone:: lighlightt gray;gray; weatherweatherss lighlightt gragrayy witwithh lighlightt brownbrown iroironn stainingstaining fairlyfairly evenlevenlyy distributedistributedd oveoverr ththee surface;surface; veryvery slightlyslightly siltysilty;; thithinn beddedbedded;; fefeww horhornn coralscorals;; somesome fossifossill debris.debris • 6868 5.5. LimestoneLimestone:: slightlyslightly siltysilty anandd slightlslightlyy dolomiticdolomitic;; darkdark gray;gray; weatherweatherss bufbufff iinn mottlemottledd patternpattern,, finefine toto mediumediumm crystalline;crystalline; dense;dense; thithinn beddebedded.d • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 6.6. LimestoneLimestone:: dardarkk graygray;; weatherweatherss mediwnmedium gragraylivithy with a fewfew ironiron stainsstains whicwhichh givegive itit a blotchblotchyy appearance;appearance; finelyfinely crystal-crystal line;line; containscontains somesome ververyy thithinn siltysilty layers.layers • • • • • • • • • • • Z727 7.7. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers blue-gray;blue-gray; slightlyslightly siltysilty toto wardward bottobottomm butbut siltsilt decreasesdecreases upwarupwardd untiuntill practicallpracticallyy purepure lin1.estonelimestone inin toptop 2020 feetfeet •••••••••••••••••• . . . 6060 8.8. Limestone:Limestone: slightlyslightly siltysilty andand slightlyslightly dolo:i.nitic;dolomitic; darkdark toto mediummedium gray;gray; weathersweathers lightlight blue-grayblue-gray;; siltsilt coatscoats surfacesurface irir regularlyregularly withwith buffbuff toto yellowyellow lllottles;mottles; limestonelimestone variesvaries fromfrom densedense mediummedium crystallinecrystalline toto fragr1.1.entalfragmental (in(in partpart fossilfossil debris);debris)> abundantabundant smallsmall brachiopodsbrachiopods inin thethe toptop foot.foot. • • • • • • • • • • • 8383 9.9. Limestone:Limestone: slightlyslightly cherty;cherty; darkdark gray;gray; mediummedium graygray onon weatheredweathered surfacesurface withwith mottledmottled ironiron stainingstaining throughoutthroughout interval.interval • • . • • • • • • • . • . . . ~ . • . • • . • • .. • • • • 1,19 10.10. Limestone:Limestone: dolomitic;dolomitic; mediummedium gray;gray; weathersweathers blue-gray;blue-gray; chertchert makesmakes upup 3030 - 6060 percentpercent ofof thethe intervalinterval ••••••• • • 77 7474 GardenGarden CityCity limestonelimestone continuedcontinued ThicknessThickness inin feetfeet 11.11. Limestone:Limestone: mediummedium gray;gray; weathersweathers mediummedium gray;gray; slightlyslightly ironedironed stained;stained; smallsmall amountamount ofof blackblack chert;chert; mediummedium crystallinecrystalline . . • . . • . • . • . . • . • • • . • . • . • • • • • . • 71 12.12. DolomiteDolomite:: slightlyslightly sandysandy andand siltysilty withwith abul"ldantabundant blacblackk chert;chert; mediumediumm graygray;; weatherweatherss lightlight graygray -toto ta.u;tan; chertchert makesmakes upup 1515 - 5050 peperr centcent ofof rockrock andand weathersweathers brownbrown toto tantan toto yellow;yellow; upperupper -5-5 feetfeet consistconsistss ofof calcareouscalcareous dolomitedolomite withwith chertchert makingmaking upup 5050 ..- 7575 perper centcent ofof unit.unit • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •• 4343 13.13. Limestone:Limestone: gray,gray, weathersweathers blueblue gray.gray • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1I 14.14. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; weatherweatherss lightlight blue-gray;blue-gray; fairlyfairly abundantabundant thinthin layerslayers ofof blackblack mottlemottledd chert;chert; chertchert weathersweathers browbrownn toto buff;buff; finefine foesilfossil hasha.shh andand intraformationalintraformational conglomerateconglomerate abundantabundant inin limestone.limestone. AbundanAbundantt fucoidaJ.(?}fucoidal(?) markings;markings; totopp 9 feetfeet veryvery chertycherty andand slightlyslightly dolomitic.dolomitic • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 100130 IS.15. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; graygray toto blue-grablue-grayy onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; mediuInediumm crystallinecrystalline toto fragmental;fragmental; slightlyslightly silty;silty; siltsilt weatherwea~1tel"ss outout onon surfacesurface creatingcreating a mottledmottled effecteffect ofof browbrownn toto buffbuff onon blue-grayblue-gray;; upperupper 3232 feetfeet containscontains numerousnumerous thinthin siltysilty partingpartingss andand muchmuch fossilfossil hash;hash; fossilsfossils includeinclude gasgas tropodstropods andand occasionaloccasional brachiopodsbrachiopods (?).(?)...... • • • • • • . • • • • • • • 5353 16.16. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers blue-grablue-grayy toto lightlight blue-gray;blue-gray; somesome fossilfossil hashhash andand abundantabundant finefine intraformationalintraformational conglomerate;conglomerate; dense;dense; containscontains slightslight amountamount ofof siltsilt whichwhich weathersweathers outout onon sursur faceface producingproducing rnottledmottled tan-blue-gratan-blue-grayy ;.;;.ppearance;appearance; becomesbecomes sil-sil- tiertier nearnear top.top • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2929 17.17. MostlyMostly covered;covered; floatfloat indicatesindicates siltysilty limestone;limestone; probablyprobably thethe saU1.esame asas #19#19 •••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3636 18.18. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers gray;gray; commoncommon fbefine i~tl"aintra formationalformational conglomerate;conglomerate; mostlmostlyy clasticclastic ••••••••••. • • 3737 19.19. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers dulldull lightlight blue-gray;blue-gray; thinthin bedded;bedded; siltysilty partingspartings;; rnostlymostly finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; fewfew layerslayers (1 "fI -_ 11' ,)) ofof intraformationalintraformational conglomerateconglomerate andand finefine fossilfossil debris.debris. 7 20.20. Limestone:Limestone: graYigray; weathersweathers lightlight blue-gray;blue-gray; thinthin beddedbedded andand finelyfinely laminated;laminated; dens ee • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . 5050 7575 GardenGarden CityCity limestonelimestone continuedcontinued ThicknessThickness ~ r 7WF inin feetfeet 21.21. Limestone:Limestone: graygray;; weathersweathers dulldull graygray toto blue-gray;blue-gray; slightlyslightly iroironn stained;stained; coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; upperupper 2 feetfeet silty;silty; intra-intra formationalformational conglomerateconglomerate fairlyfairly abundanabundant.t • • • • • • • • • • 1919 22.22. Limestone:Limestone: gray-blue;gray-blue; weathersweathers lightlight blue;blue; bottombottom 3 feetfeet slightlyslightly silty;silty; dense;dense; thithinn ttoo mediumediumm bedded;bedded; resistant.resistant • • • • • • • 8' 23.23. Limestone:Limestone: mediummedium gray;gray; lightlight graygray toto tantan andand veryvery roughrough onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; ververyy slightlyslightly silty;silty; dense;dense; finefine toto mediummedium crystalline;crystalline; thinthin bedded;bedded; somesome interbeddedinterbedded intraformationalintraformational conglomerate;conglomerate; resistanresistantt •• 0 ••••••••••••••• • • 1111 24.24. MostlyMostly covered:covered: floatfloat indicatesindicates slightlyslightly siltysilty limestonelimestone withwith abundantabundant intraformationalintraformational conglomerateconglomerate • • •••• • • 7575 25.25. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; blue-grayblue-gray onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; veryvery finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; dense;dense; thinthin bedded;bedded; somesome smallsmall.. - sizedsized intraformationalintraformational conglomerateconglomerate aboutabout 1/31/3 ofof thethe wayway fromfrom thethe toptop ofof thethe unitunit containingcontaining a fewfew gastropodsgastropods (?)(?) roughrough (crenulated)(crenulated) onon weathereweatheredd surface.surface • • • • • • • • • • 68M 26..26. LimestoneLimestone:: mediummedium ttoo lightlight gray;gray; weatherweatherss lightlight blue-blue- gray;gray; veryvery slightlyslightly silty;silty; mediummedium crystallinecrystalline butbut withwith conglomerateconglomerate pebblepebbless {limestone}(limestone) upup toto 11/21 1/2 inchinch inin diameterdiameter inin bottobottomm 2 feet;feet; intraformationalintraformational conglomerateconglomerate becomesbecomes finerfiner inin sizesize upward;upward; thinthin toto mediummedium beddedbedded;; porousporous onon weathereweatheredd surface;surface; upperupper 2828 feetfeet lessless resistantresistant thathann belowbelow andand poorlypoorly exposedexposed •••••••••••••••••••• • • 6868 27.27. Limestone:Limestone: dardarkk gray;gray; weathersweathers lightlight blue-grayblue-gray;; veryvery finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; thinthin beddedbedded inin lowerlower 3232 feet;feet; intraformationalintraformational conglomerateconglomerate occursoccurs inin upperupper 4488 feet.feet • • • • • • • • • • • • 68M TotalTotal thicknessthickness ofof GrdenG rden CityCity limestone.limestone . •..... • • • • . • 1,0131,013 7676 CambrianCambrian SysSystetemm LynLyncchh (?)(?) dodolomitl omitee ThiThicknescknesss inin ffeeeett 1U. Dolomite:: lightlight ggrayr ay;; weathersweathers toto variouvariouss shadesshades of ggrar ayy andand tan:tan; irirregular egularr bedding;; siltysilty partings;; momostlstlyy mediummedium crycrystallinstallinee butbut somesome thinthin lenseslenses ofof fragmental;fragmental; lowerlower 4444 feetfeet isis slislightlghtlyy calcareouscalcareous;; upperupper partpart ccontainontainss a few ccherhertt noduiesnodules;; ccontacontactt betweebetweenn thisthis unit andand ththee basabasall bedsbeds ofof thethe oveoverlyinrlyingg GardenGarden CityCity limestonelimestone isis not exposedexposed ---- wherewhere meameasure sured.d . • . .. • • • . • . • • • • . • • . . • . • . . . • . 6868 2?,. Dolomite:: mediummedium gray;; ggrar ayy toto tantan onon weatheredweathered surfacesurface; finefine ttoo mediummedium crcrystallineystalline;; dense;; lowerlower parpartt slightlyslightly ccalal careous;careous; upperupper 5252 teetfeet ccontainontainss somesome irregularirregular beddinbeddingg withwith siltysilty partingspartings andand aalslsoo ooccasionaccasionall thirithin layerslayers of pinkishpinkish-brow- brownn crycrystallinstallinee dolomitedolomite whichwhich weatherweatherss tantan . • • • • • • • • • •• 104104 3. Dolomite:: lightlight ggrarayy toto pinkishpinkish-gray~gray;; weatherweatherss tantan toto buffbuff; mediumedium crystalline;crystalline; dense;; veryvery slightlyslightly siltysilty onon somesome papartingsrtings;; uppeupperr 5454 ffeeeett isis slightlyslightly ccalcareoualcareouss andand containscontains, somesome irregulirregulaa r beddinbeddingg andand fairlyfairly ccoarsoarsee intraintraformationaf ormationall conglomerateconglomerate . • . • . • . . . . • . • • • . . . • . • • . • •• 9797 4. DolomiDolomitet e:: darkdark to mediumediumm ggrayr ay;; weaweatherthe rss lightlight borwn-gray;borwn-gray; dense;; finelyfinely crycrystallinestalline;; ccontainontainss a smallsmall amountamount of dense.dense, pinkishpinkish-gra- grayy ccherhertt ••••••••••••••••••••••.«•••••••*•»« • • • « •. 2424 5. Dolomite;; graygray toto blueblue gl'aygray onon freshfresh andand weatheweatherer edd surfaces;surfaces; mediummedium cryscrystallinetalline;; irregularirregular momottlinW ingg onon weatheredweathered sursurfaceface; slislightlghtlyy chertycherty withwith chcherertt havinhavingg pepeculiac uliaii'r strustructurecturess asas ifif itit hahadd replacereplacedd somesome typetype of protozoaprotozoa ((?1)). • • • • • • • • ••• 1616 6. Dolomite:: .mediummedium ggrar ayy onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surfasurfacesces;; meme .. diumdium toto ccoarseloarselyy crystallinec rystalline;; fewfew lenseslenses ofof ccherthert;; containscontains oc-oc ccasionaasionall smallsmall whitewhite Tltwiggyll"twiggy" bodiebodiess . • • • • • • • • • • •• 337 7. Dolomite:: lightlight ggrayr ay;; coarsel coal'selyy crystcrystallinealline;; partingspartings areare slightlyslightly shaly;; poorpoorllyy exposed;; floatfloat showsshows somesome blueblue- ggrarayy siltysilty limestonelimestone •••••••••••• ••••• •••• • 484- 8B. CoveredCovered interval:: floatfloat indicateindicatess lilithologiethologiess similarsimilar to #7.#7. .« 2121 7777 LynchLynch (?)(?) continuedcontinued ThicknessThickness inin feetfeet 9.9. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediu..."nmedium gray;gray; weathersweathers mediummedium toto lighlightt gray;gray; intraformationalintraformational conglomerateconglomerate isis abundantabundant andand fairlyfairly coarsecoarse (fragments(fragments upup ttoo 2 inchesinches inin diameter);diameter); lessless resistantresistant thanthan bedsbeds belowbelow ...... ••••• . 24 10.10. Dolomite:Dolomite: mostlymostly mediummedium graygray toto lightlight blue-grayblue-gray onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surfacessurfaces exceptexcept forfor a 7 footfoot bedbed o£-oSr veryvery darkdark graygray dolomitedolomite illin ththee uppeupperr thirdthird ofof unit;unit; coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; occasionaloccasional intraformationalintraformational conglomerateconglomerate becomingbecoming moremore abundantabundant towardtoward thethe top;top; irregularirregular beddinbeddingg fairlyfairly common;common; containscontains occasiol"..aloccasional "twiggy)!"twiggy" bodiesbodies;; basabasall 3838 feetfeet containscontains a fewfew lenseslenses ofof smallsmall dolomitedolomite concretions;concretions; mostmost ofof upperupper 2/32/3 ofof uniunitt containscontains thinthin lenseslenses andand stringersstringers ofof graygray chertchert whichwhich weatherweather browbrownn ---- possiblepossible castscasts ofof somesome typetype ofof protozoprotozoaa (?)(?) inin upperupper 1/2l/2 • • • .. • ...... • .. • • • • • • •• 232232 11.11. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediumediumm ttoo lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; mediummedium toto coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; slightlyslightly laminated;laminated; a fewfew "twiggy""twiggy" bodies;bodies; intervalinterval partlypartly covered.covered • • .. • • ... 4545 12.12. Dolomite:Dolomite: veryvery darkdark gray;gray; lowerlower 8484 feetfeet weathersweathers veryvery darkdark graygray andand upperupper 186186 feetfeet weatherweatherss mostlmostlyy mediummedium toto darkdark gray;gray; mediummedium toto coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; dense;dense; containscontains a smallsmall amountamount ofof dolomiticdolomitic brecciabreccia nearnear middlemiddle ofof unit;unit; moremore resistantresistant thathann above;above; upperupper 4242 feetfeet containscontains a fewfew lenseslenses andand blebsblebs ofof graygray chertchert whichwhich weatherweather brownbrown;; "twiggy!!"twiggy" bodiesbodies throughouthroughoutt unitunit bubutt moremore abundantabundant inin bedsbeds whichwhich weatherweather darkest;darkest; lowerlower 1010 feetfeet isis slightlyslightly laminatedlaminated andand containscontains a fewfew smallsmall (up(up toto 3/43/4 inchesinches inin diameter)diameter) dolomitedolomite concretionsconcretions whicwhichh consistconsist ofof coarsercoarser grained,grained, lighterlighter coloredcolored dolomitedolomite inin ververyy distinctivedistinctive layerslayers . . . . . • . • . . . • • • • • ...... • •. 226226 13.13. Dolomite;Dolomite; veryvery lightlight brown-graybrown-gray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline toto fragmental;fragmental; slightlyslightly toto ververyy vuggvuggyy • . . • • • • . . • • . • . • . • . . • . • . • • • • 112112 14.14. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; irregularirregular beddingbedding;; abundantabundant andand fairlyfairly largelarge "twiggy""twiggy" bodies;bodies; fairlyfairly resistantresistant andand massive,massive, veryvery roughrough andand pittepittedd onon weatheredweathered surfacesurface ...... • • 1010 15.15. SameSame asas #14#14 exceptexcept thatthat dolomitedolomite isis lightlight graygray andand containscontains nono "twiggy""twiggy" bodiebodiess • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. 88 7878 LynchLynch (?)(?) dolomitedolomite con~~~continued ThicknessThickness * — -—— -. inin feetfeet 1..«6 b.' . SaIneSame asas #"# 11,14 • • ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 99 17.17, Dolomite;Dolomite; darkdark graygray onon freshfresh a:;:idand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; bedbed veryvery didistinctiv stinctive e duedue toto inclusionsinclusions ofof abundantabundant sm3.l1small concoa» cretionscretions asas describeddescribed inin N12;#12; l-:laymay bbee a usefuusefull "marker"marker" bedbed ••.•...... • • ...... • • • • 2 18.18. SameSame asas H14#14 exceptexcept lItwiggylr"twiggy" bodiesbodies areare smaller.smaller . . . . . • 1616 19.19. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers mediummedium toto lightlight gray;gray; mediummedium toto c,oarsclycoarsely crystallinecrystalline toto fragmental;fragmental; lowerlower 3030 feetfeet containscontains abundantabundant veryvery finefine intraformationalintraformational conglol1""lerateconglomerate whichwhich isis cementedcemented byby dolornitc;dolomite; containscontains veryvery smallsmall IItwiggy""twiggy" bodiesbodies andand occasionaloccasional smallsmall lenseslenses ofof blackblack chert;chert; uniunitt isis massivemassive cliffcliff formerformer withwith individualindividual beddingbedding difficultdifficult ttoo dis-dis tinguitinguis sh.h • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8585 20.20. Dolomite:Dolomite: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers rl1.ediummedium gray;gray; lowerlower 2424 feetfeet thinthin beddedbedded;; middlemiddle 4343 feetfeet massive;massive; upperupper 3030 feetfeet thinthin bedded;bedded; entireentire unitunit isis a resistantresistant cliffcliff former;former; slightlyslightly mottledmottled witwithh sma1lsmall "tvli.ggy'f"twiggy" bodies;bodies; containscontains a fewfew smallsmall lenselensess ofof blackblack chert.chert • . • . . . • . . • . • . • . • • • • • • • . • • . • • •• 9797 2".2). Dolomite:Dolomite: slightlyslightly calcareous;calcareous; slightlyslightly silty;silty; medium.medium, gragrayy onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surfaces;surfaces; thinthin bedded;bedded; contactcontact witwithh under-under lyinglying limestonelimestone isis regularregular butbut highlyhighly siltsilty.y • • • • • • • • • • 1414 22.22. InterbeddedInterbedded limestonelimestone andand silt:silt: limestonelimestone isis darkdark graygray andand weathersweathers blue-gray;blue-gray; dense;dense; crystalline;crystalline; partedparted byby 1/4i/4 ttoo 1/81/8 inchinch siltsilt layers;layers; siltsilt isis tantan andand weathersweathers buffbuff toto brown,brown, con-con taintainss veryvery eveneven beddingbedding 1/21/2 toto 3/43/4 inchesinches thick;thick; unitunit resistanresistant.t • 2525 23.23. Covered.Covered ...... «•••• . . . .• . . • • • • • • • 4949 24.24. Dolomite:Dolomite: veryvery lightlight graygray toto pink-whitepink-white onon freshfresh surface;surface; weathersweathers tantan toto pinkishpinkish tan;tan; slightlyslightly siltysilty inin part;part; mediwnmedium crystalline;crystalline; containscontains a fewfew smallsmall vugsvugs andand hashas occasionaloccasional irregularirregular partings;partings; layerslayers ofof fragmentalfragmental andand finefine intraforintrafor mationalmational conglomerate;conglomerate; weatheredweathered surfacesurface isis sugarysugary inin part;part; bott.;)rnbottom 3 feetfeet isis sandy.sandy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1616 7979 LynchLynch (?)(?) dolomitedolomite continuedcontinued ThicknessThickness inin feetfeet 225. 5. Sandstone:Sandstone: lightlight gray-brown;gray-brown; weathersweathers buffbuff toto brown;brown; consistsconsists ofof finefine quartzquartz grains;grains; dense;dense; upperupper contactcontact gradationalgradational intointo overlyingoverlying sandysandy dolomite;dolomite; lowerlower contactcontact abruptabrupt andand regularegularr • •. 55 26.26. DolomiteDolom.ite:: slightlyslightly calcareous;calcareous; darkdark blue-grablue-grayy onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; thinthin beddedbedded witwithh beddingbedding liz1/2 toto I1 inchinch thick;thick; lowerlower cc.ntactcontact abrupt.abrupt • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••• • • • • • 33 2727.. Dolomite:Dolomite: sandy;sandy; otherwiseotherwise samesame asas #24#24 • • • • • • • • • • • 2.2 ,,) 228u.. Sandstone:Sandstone: lightlight tantan ttoo pinkish;pinkish; weathersweathers browbrownn toto tatann toto --_ pinkpink;; mediummedium toto coarsecoarse grained,grained, containscontains torrentialtorrential cross-cross- bedding.bedding . . • • • . • ••••• • . . • • • • • • • •.. • • • • •••• • ..•• • 6 2929.. DolomiteDolomite:: san'lesame asas *24#24 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. 55 30.30. Sandstone:Sandstone: sar.a.esame asas #128#28 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 66 31.31. Dolomite:Dolomite: samesame a.sas #2;n44 exceptexcept totopp 3 feetfeet becomesbecomes slightlyslightly sandysandy andand finallyfinally gradesgrades intointo overlyingoverlying sandstonesandstone throughthrough aa 6 illchinch inte~valinterval • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• 5555 3Z.32. Dolomite:Dolomite: lightlight pinkish-tanpinkish-tan:; weathersweathers ververyy lightlight tantan andand withwith a smoothsmooth surface;surface; finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; dense;dense; thinthin beddedbedded butbut formsforms massivemassive resistanresistantt uniunit.t • • • • • • .' • • • • • • • • • •. 6767 33.33. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediumJ:omedium to lightlight blue-gray;blue-gray; "Weathersweathers mottledmottled lightlight graygray toto lightlight brown-graybrown-gray;; mostlymostly thinthin beddebeddedd withwith siltysilty andand sandysandy partings;partings; coarselcoarselyy crystalline:crystalline; fewfew smallsmall vugs;vugs; upperupper halhalff mostlymostly covered.covered • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. 3434 34.34. Dolomite:Dolomite: ververyy darkdark blue-grayblue-gray;; weatherweatherss alternatingalternating mediummedium toto darkdark gray;gray; mediumediumm ttoo finelyfinely crystallinecrystalline becominbecomingg mediummedium toto coarselycoarsely crystallinecrystalline toto fragmentalfragmental inin upperupper Z/32/3 ofof unit;unit; containscontains nunlerousnumerous smallsmall "twiggy""twiggy" bodiesbodies;; beddingbedding inin upperupper 2/32/3 ofof unitunit isis veryvery irregularirregular andand hahass corlsiderableconsiderable smallsmall scalescale lensinglensing andand channelinchannelingg withwith occasionaloccasional smallsmall lenseslenses ofof ooliticoolitic dolomitedolomite lossilfossil fragzaentsfragments (protozoa(protozoa ?).?) • • • • • • • • •••• 190190 35.35. Dolomite:Dolomite: graygray toto darkdark graygray toto blue-grayblue-gray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; thithinn beddebeddedd witwithh sandysandy anandd siltysilty partingspartings;; denselydensely crystalcrystal lineline toto fragmenta,fragmenta; slightlyslightly calcareouscalcareous inin lowerlower 2200 feet;feet; sUtsilt decreasesdecreases upwardsupwards butbut tabulartabular vugvugss whichwhich areare paralleparallell toto thethe beddingbedding andand concon taintain whitewhite dolomitedolomite becombecomee prominentprominent inin uppeupperr 9090 feet;feet; containscontains aa fewfew smallsmall irregularirregular chertchert nodules.nodules • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• 110110 8800 .!;ynchLynch (?(?)) dolomitdolomitee continuecontinuedd ThicknessThickness _.in in feetfeet 3636.. CovereCoveredd •• ...... 2424 3737.. LimestoneLimestone:: graygray:; weatherweatherss blue-grayblue-gray:; siltsiltyy partingspartings:; mostlymostly fragmentafragmentall witwithh occasionaoccasionall intraformationaintraformationall conglomerate;conglomerate; mormoree resistanresistantt thathann abovabovee oorr belobelow.w • • • • • • • • • •• 1313 3838.. CoveredCovered:: floafloatt indicateindicatess siltsiltyy dolomitdolomitee •• ...... 3232 3939.. DolomiteDolomite:: mediumediumm ttoo lighlightt gragrayy ttoo brownish-graybrownish-gray;; denselydensely crystallinecrystalline;; fairlfairlyy non-resistannon-resistant.t • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 4343 4040.. LimestoneLimestone:: silty:silty; gragrayy ttoo lightlight gragrayy witwithh siltsiltyy concentratedconcentrated oonn weathereweatheredd surfaces;surfaces; thithinn beddedbedded:; poorlpoorlyy exposeexposed.d • • 1717 Ai 41"- _... . DolomiteDolomite:: mediumediumm ttoo dardarkk gragrayy •• ...... 3737 4242.. DolomiteDolom.ite:: lighlightt graygray ttoo almosalmostt whitewhite;; denseldenselyy crystalline:crystalline; sugarsugaryy iinn partpart;; resembleresembless ththee DevoniaDevoniann WateWaterr CanyonCanyon formatioformation.n ...... ; ...... 5555 4343.. DolomiteDolomite:: darkdark graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces.surfaces .. . 3232 44.44. Dolomite:Dolomite: lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surfaces;surfaces; containscontains a fewfew blackblack rod-likerod-like structures s • • • • • • • 3030 4545.. DolomiteDolomite:: mostlmostlyy oolitic;oolitic; mediumediumm graygray onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surfaces;surfaces; slightlyslightly vuggy;vuggy; upperupper 2525 feetfeet partlypartly fragmental;fragmental; upperupper 4848 feetfeet isis a resistanresistantt cliffcliff formingforming unitunit . 6666 46.46. Limestone:Limestone: gray;gray; weathersweathers blue-gray:blue-gray; siltysilty partings:partings; denselydensely crystalline:crystalline; siltysilty weathersweathers tantan toto brownbrown andand in-in creasescreases towardstowards thethe top;top; resistantresistant cliff-former.cliff-former ...... • • • • . 2626 47.47. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers blue-gray;blue-gray; siltysilty partings:partings; veryvery thinthin beddedbedded andand non-resistant;non-resistant; containscontains somesome intraintra formationalformational conglomerate;conglomerate; upperupper 7 feetfeet isis ooliticoolitic limestonelimestone whichwhich isis moremore resistantresistant thanthan below.below • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2222 48.48. Dolomite:Dolomite: mediummedium toto lightlight graygray weatheredweathered surfacessurfaces areare ir-ir regularlyregularly mottledmottled inin shadesshades ofof gray.gray • • • • • • • • • • • •• 5757 49.49. Dolomite:Dolomite: veryvery lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; denselydensely crystallinecrystalline • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2020 81SI Lynch ( ?) do~omite c ontinued Thickness inin fefeeett ~O50. DoDolomitel omite:: mediumediumm to darkdark ggrar ayy onon freshfresh surface;; mostlymostly splotchysplotchy mediummedium graygray onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; denselydensely crystalcrystal line;line; thit hinn irregularirregular beddinbeddingg withwith ococcasionacasionall intraformationalintraformational conconglomerateglomerate;; "'twiggytwiggy" bodiesbodies presenpresentt butbut notnot abundantabundant .... • ••. 116116 51 . Dolomite:: aalternatinlternatingg layerslayers ofof mediumediumm andand lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfaces;surfaces; denselydensely crcrystallineystalline;; ooccasionaccasionall smallsmall vugs;; containscontains a veryvery fewfew thinthin andand discontinuousdiscontinuous lenseslenses ofof darkdark graygray to blablacck dolomitedolomite whiwhicch ccontaiontainn whitewhite II"twiggytwiggy'"f bodies;; lessless resistantresistant ththaann bedsbeds aboveabove Oror belobeloww . • • • • • •. ... 2121 , 5522.. Dolomite:: samesame asas #5#-511 exceptexcept mostlymostly veryvery lightlight gray;gray; ccontainontainss ffairlairlyy abundantabundant ssmalmalll vugsvugs papartlrtlyy oror ccompletelompletelyy filledfilled withwith whitewhite dolomite;dolomite; cliffcliff forformemerr...... • • • • . • •..... ••• • . • 233233 5'353.. Dolomite:: sasammee asas #-51#51 exexcepceptt almostalmost entirelyentirely veryvery lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surfacessurfaces . • • • • • • • • • • « • 124124 54. Dolomite:: mediummedium ttoo darkdark gray;; weathersweathers mediummedium toto lightlight gray;; cocoarsela r selyy crystallinecrystalline t o fragmental;; oolitiooliticc inin papartrt;; ffairlairlyy resistant;resistant; weathersweathers withwith roughrough susurfacesrfa ces;; generallygenerally densedense withwith upperupper 6060 feetfeet entirelyentirely denselydensely crystallinecrystalline •••.... • . • 9090 55. Dolomite:: slightlyslightly calcareous;; irregularirregular siltysilty partingspartings;; dolodolo mmititee isis darkdark gTaygray andand weathersweathers blueblue-gray- gray;; silsiltt weathersweathers tantan ttoo brown;; ccalcareoualcareouss bedsbeds weatherweather dulldull ggray-brownray- brown;; dolomitedolomite iiss densedense andand finelyfinely crystcrystallinea lline;; lowerlower 2525 feetfeet isis a cliffcliff formerformer; upperupper 5 feetfeet isis ssandandyy . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3535 56. Limestone:: darkdark gragrayy;; weathers' blue-grayblue- g ray;; irregulirregulaarr siltysilty parpartingtingss sisimilam ilarr t o thosethose inin #55#55";; resistanresistantt •••••••••...... •. 1111 57. Dolomite:: similarsimilar toto #55#55 exexcepc eptt partingpartingss aarree lessless siltysilty ••.. . 331 58-58. Dolomite:: lightlight gray;; weatherweatherss lilighghtt ttoo ververyy lightlight graygray; denselydensely crystallinecrystalline t o sugary:sugary; mamassivessivej; ffairla irlyy vuggy;; ppitteittedd onon weatheredweathered surfasurfacec e;; resistantresistant.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 8181 59. Dolomite:: sasammee asas #-58#58 exexcepc eptt lessless sugsugara ryy andand vuggyvuggy andand cconsistonsistss ofof broabroadd alalternatinternatingg bandsbands ofof lightlight andand mediummedium toto darkdark ggrar ayy dolomitedolomite witwithh twiggtwiggyy bodiesbodies inin ththee darkdark graygray •. •. 1919 8812 LyncLynchh (?(?)) dolomitdolomitee continuecontinuedd ThicknessThickness iinn feetfeet 6060.. DolomiteDolomite:: samsamee aass #5'~5~8 excepexceptt ververyy lighlightt gragrayy ttoo almostalmost whitwhitee oonn fresfreshh surface;surface; clifclifff formeformer.r • • • • • • • • • • • 11lIZ2 6161.. DolomiteDolomite:: mediumediumm ttoo dardarkk graygray;; mostlmostlyy gragrayy anandd slightlyslightly bandebandedd oonn weathereweatheredd surfacesurface;; denseldenselyy crystallincrystallinee exceptexcept for*for' aa fefeww fragmentafragmentall layerslayers;; slighslightt cross-beddingcross-bedding;; bedbedss areare 11- .. 3 3 incheinchess thicthickk iinn lowelowerr halhalff bubutt becombecomee uupp ttoo 2 feefeett thickthick iinn uppeupperr halfhalf;; formformss togethetogetherr witwithh #60#60;; a prominentprominent massivemassive cliffcliff;; uppeupperr 1144 feefeett consistconsistss ofof alternatinalternatingg lighlightt anandd dardarkk bandsbands anandd isis transitionatransitionall betweebetweenn ththee bedbedss aboveabove andand belobelow.w • • •. 11lIZ2 TotalTotal LyncLynchh (?(?)) dolomite.dolomite • • • • • • • • •• 33,, 327327 8383 BowmanBowman (?)(?) limestonelimestone ThicknessThickness iinn feetfeet 1.1. Covered:Covered: floatfloat fromfrom massivemassive cliffcliff oror LynchLynch dolomitedolomite aboveabove obscuresobscures thethe bedding.bedding. lv1ayMay bebe a shalyshaly limestonelimestone ••• . 5858 z.2. InterbeddedInterbedded limestonelimestone andand shale:shale: limestonelimestone isis blue-grayblue-gray toto blue-greenblue-green,, lithographic,lithographic, unfossiliferous,unfossiliferous, non-resistant,non-resistant, oftenoften inin thinthin nodules,nodules, andand sometimessometimes doesdoes notnot appearappear likelike ' limestonelimestone exceptexcept onaon a freshfresh surfacesurface becausebecause iitt weatherweatherss likelike shale;shale; shaleshale isis gray-greengray-green toto oliveolive drab,drab, occursoccurs iinn irregularirregular thinthin beds,beds, andand isis fissil;fissil; unitunit alsoalso containscontains a fewfew thinthin bedbedss ofof intraformationalintraformational conglomerate;conglomerate; poorlypoorly exposedexposed bubutt floatfloat indicatedindicated thatthat thethe entireentire unitunit isis probablyprobably similarsimilar toto thatthat described.described .. • . • 6060 3.3. Limestone:Limestone: slightlyslightly silty;silty; thinthin beddedbedded butbut inin massivemassive,, rere sistantsistant unit;unit; weathersweathers toto a veryvery roughrough andand pittedpitted surface;surface; filledfilled withwith abundantabundant smallsmall blackblack carbonaceouscarbonaceous (?)(?) nodulesnodules 1/81/8 - 1/41/4 inchinch inin diameter.diameter • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1818 4.4. MostlyMostly coveredcovered butbut floatfloat indicatesindicates thinthin beddedbedded shalyshaly andand siltysilty limestonelimestone withwith occasionaloccasional intraformationalintraformational concon glomerate;glomerate; lightlight tantan shaleshale isis probablyprobably predominentpredorninent inin upperupper 1010 feetfeet ...... ••.•.•...•....• • • • ~l31 TotalTotal BowmanBowman (?)(?) limestone.limestone ... • • . • 167167 8484 HartmanHartman (1)(?) limestonelimestone ThicknessThickness "' "~ ' iinn ieetfeet 1.1. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark blue-gray;blue-gray; weatherweatherss blue-grablue-grayy withwith irregularirregular blotchesblotches ofof tatann siltsilt onon surface;surface; thinthin beddedbedded andand non-non-resistanresistant.t • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••• • • • • • 1515 z.2. LimestoneLimestone:: darkdark gray;gray; wea.therweo.therss mediummedium ttoo darkdark blue-grayblue-gray withwith a.a rougroughh pittepittedd andand blotchblotchyy surface;surfa.ce; finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; slightlyslightly dolomiticdolomitic inin uppeupperr part.part • • • • •..... • • • • . • • • • • • 3333 3.3. Dolomite:Dolomite: calcareous;calcareous; darkdark gray:gray; weathersweathers lightlight gray;gray; dense:dense; occasionaloccasional slighUyslightly siltysilty partingspartings •...... • • • • • •. • • • • • • • • • 1616 4.4. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas #12#2 exceptexcept weathersweathers mostlymostly lightlight blueblue ..- graygray andand isis veryvery densedense •. •. •. •, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3535 5.5. Lim,estone:Limestone: samesame asas ##22 exceptexcept iitt containscontains a ververyy fewfew ir-ir regularregular chertchert nodulesnodules • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• , 2626 6.,6. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas til#2 exceptexcept beddingbedding isis moremore apparentapparent andand it is more resistant; contains a few protozoal (?) • • • • • • •• 24 it is more resistant; contains a few protozoal {?)...... 24 Covered: ncn-resista,nt. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 7. Covered: non-resistant . . • 20 3. Limestone: same as 1#2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 3. Limestone: same as #2 ...... • 13 9.9. DolomiteDolomite:: gragrayy onon freshfresh andand weathereweatheredd surfaces:surfaces; roughrough onon weatheredweathered surface:surface; abundantabundant smallsmall whltewhite "twiggytltwiggy"n bodiesbodies (coarsely(coarsely crystallinecrystalline dolomite)dolomite) tendingtending ttoo bbee paralleparallell toto thethe beddinghedding;; uppettpperr 4 feetfeet bandedbanded graygray andand blue-grablue-grayy •••••• • • ,9 10.10. LimestoneLhnestone:: sax:rlesame asas #?#2 exceptexcept thatthat itit containscontains occasionaloccasional smallsmall andand irregulairregularr siltsilt nodulesnodules whicwhichh weatherweather browbrown.n • • • • 2626 11.11. Dolomite:Dolomite: gray;gray; weathersweathers lightlight gray;gray; mediummedium crystalline;crystalline; slightlyslightly calcareouscalcareous inin partpart;; dense;dense; containscontains irregularirregular butbut persistanpersistantt layerslayers ofof whitewhite crystallinecrystalline dolomitedolomite everyevery 1 1-.. 33 . inchesinches whichwhich frequentlyfrequently joijoinn witwithh thosthosee above*bove andand belobeloww acrossacross &#thethe beddingbedding planplantt ---- thesethese layerslayers areare thinnethinnerr andand moremore regularregular inin ththee uppeupperr 5 feet.feet ...... • • • • • . • •...... • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. • •. • 1515 8585 Hartman{?)Hartman(?) limestonlimestonee Thickness s inin feetfeet 12.12. Limestone:Limestone: mostlymostly dolomitic;dolomitic; gray;gray; splotchysplotchy mediummedium blue-grayblue-gray toto mediummedium darkdark graygray onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; mediummedium toto coarselycoarsely crystalline;crystalline; slightlyslightly vuggYivuggy; fairlyfairly resistant.resistant • • . • • . • • • . • . • • . . . • • . • . . • • • •• 6363 13.13. Limestone:Limestone: gray;gray; weathersweathers blue-grayblue-gray with,with, locally,locally, a pittedpitted surface;surface; dense;dense; finelyfinely crystalline;crystalline; formsforms massivemassive unitunitss uupp toto 1010 feetfeet thickthick bubutt isis thinthin beddedbedded (1/8(l/8 - 1/16l/l6 inch)inch) onon closclosee examinaexamina tion;tion; resistanresistantt cliffcliff former;former; unfossUiferousunfossiliferous • • • • • • • • • • 4141 $4p4.. Limestone:Limestone: lightlight blueblue gray;gray; containscontains lightlight graygray toto greenishgreenish graygray micaceousmicaceous shalesshales whichwhich becomebecome prominentprominent inin upperupper 4400 feet;feet; siltysilty partingpartingss inin limestone;limestone; limestonelimestone isis denselydensely crystallinecrystalline anandd evenlyevenly bedded;bedded; siltsilt isis tantan toto brown;brown; resistantresistant unit;unit; occasionaloccasional intraforma-intraforma tionaltional conglomerate.conglomerate • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 6262 15.15. LiInestone:Limestone: samesame asas ##1 144 exceptexcept thatthat itit doesn'tdoesn't containcontain shaleshale andand isis slightlyslightly lessless resistant.resistant • • • • •••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2020 16.16. CoveredCovered •••••• ...... 2121 17.17. Limestone;Limestone; samesame asas ##1 144 exceptexcept doesdoes notnot containcontain shale;shale; siltysilty layerslayers areare regularlyregularly aboutabout I1- ... 1 11/21/2 inchesinches apartapart andand 1/2l/2 ttoo I1 inchinch thick;thick; limestonelimestone occasionallyoccasionally fragmental;fragmental; fairlyfairly nonnon-resistan... resistantt •••• ...... 2727 18.18. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas #17;#17; upperupper 4545 feetfeet isis massivemassive cliffcliff formerformer • . • . . . . • ...... • ...... • • • 7878 19.19. Limestone:Limestone: blue-grayblue-gray onon freshfresh andand weatheryweathery surfaces;surfaces; veryvery slightlyslightly silty;silty; mostlymostly crystalline;crystalline; thinlythinly andand irregtl1arlyirregularly bedded;bedded; bothboth resistantresistant andand non-resistantnon-resistant •••••••••••••, • • • 2222 20.20. Limestone:Limestone: silty;silty; blue-gray;blue-gray; crystallinecrystalline andand fragrnenta;fragmenta; thinthin beddedbedded andand non-resistant.non-resistant • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 1414 21.21. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark gray;gray; weathersweathers blue-gray;blue-gray; crystallinecrystalline andand fragm.ental;fragmental; thinthin beddedbedded withwith siltysilty partingspartings everyevery 11- -3 3 inches;inches; massivemassive cliffcliff former.former • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5151 8686 HaHartman(? rtman (?) ) limelimeston stonee continuedcontinued ThicknessThickness inin feetfeet 22.22. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark blue-grayblue-gray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surfacesurface;-~; - denselydensely crystalline;crystalline; veryvery slightlyslightly siltysilty withwith irregularirregular yellowyellow- bufbufff siltysilty layerslayers andand lenseslenses onon weatheredweathered surface;surface; containscontains numerousnumerous smallsmall (1/4(l/4 - 1 inch)inch) bedsbeds ofof reddish-brownreddish-brown siltstonesiltstone inin bottombottom 1010 feet;feet; lowerlower 5353 feetfeet isis resistantresistant cliffcliff former;former; upperupper 4949 feetfeet isis mostlymostly non-resistantnon-resistant andand containscontains a fewfew trilobitetrilobite fragmentsfragments ••••••••••••. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• • • • • 116116 23.23. Covered:Covered: non-resistannon-resistant.t ... • • . e • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• • • • • 5 24.24. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark blue-gray;blue-gray; weathersweathers blue-gray;blue-gray; denselydensely crystalline;crystalline; siltysilty partings;partings; resistantresistant ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • •• • 3535 25.25. Covered.Covered • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1010 26.26. Limestone:Limestone: blue-grablue-grayy toto lightlight graygray onon freshfresh andand weatheredweathered surface;surface; roughrough weatheredweathered surface;surface; predominantlypredominantly mediumediumm toto coarselycoarsely fragmentalfragmental withwith subordinantsubordinant crystalline;crystalline; thithinn toto mediurnmedium bedded;bedded; fairlyfairly non-resistantnon-resistant •••••••••••••• • • 3737 27.27. Limestone:Limestone: blueblue-gray .. gray;; weathersweathers blue;blue; denselydensely crystalline;crystalline; containscontains siltysilty partingspartings ratherrather evenlyevenly spacedspaced everyevery 1-I -2 2 inchesinches whichwhich weatherweather yellow-yellow-buffbuff;; resistantresistant cliffcliff formerformer •...... • • • • • ••. 4848 28.28. Limestone:Limestone: silty;silty; becomesbecomes calcareouscalcareous siltstonesiltstone nearnear top;top; weathersweathers interbeddedinterbedded brownbrown andand blue-gray.blue-gray • • • • • • • • • •, 2121 29.29. Shale:Shale: micaceous;micaceous; gray;gray; weathersweathers lightlight graygray toto greenish-graygreenish-gray toto oliveolive gray;gray; non-resistant;non-resistant; containscontains a fewfew thinthin layerslayers ooff siltsilt stone;stone; prominenprominentt flowflow cleavagecleavage developed.developed • • • • • • • • • • 3535 30.30. Limestone:Limestone: slightlyslightly silty;silty; darkdark blue-blue-graygray;; weathersweathers bfcfbhfif toto blue;blue; thinthin beddebeddedd andand non-resistant;non-resistant; becomesbecomes siltiersiltier towardstowards totopp andand weathersweathers intointo smallsmall shalyshaly fragmentsfragments • • • • • • • ••. 2020 31.31. Limestone:Limestone: darkdark blue-gray;blue-gray; weathersweathers blue-gray;blue-gray; dense;dense; ooliticoolitic inin part;part; urUossiliferous;unfossiliferous; non-resistannon.. resistantt •••••• • • • Zl21 8787 HartmaHartmann (? )) limestonelimestone continuedcontinued ThicknessThickness .,-— -- • *' ....."~ inin feetfeet 32.32. Siltstone:Siltstone: dulldull lightlight graygray ttoo greenish-gray;greenish-gray; nonnon-calcareous.. calcareous;; dense;dense; containscontains slatyslaty cleavagecleavage andand mamayy bebe slightlyslightly metamorphosedmetamorphosed ttoo a low-low-gradgradee phyllitephyllite inin partpart;; fairlyfairly resistanresistant.t • • • • • .~. ••. • 1313 33.33. LimestoneLimestone andand siltstonesiltstone interbedded:interbedded: limestonelimestone isis denselydensely crystalcrystal line,line, blue-grayblue-gray,, andand weathersweathers blue;blue; siltstonesiltstone iiss buffbuff ttoo yellowyellow andand occursoccurs illin irregularirregular lenseslenses andand layerslayers upup toto 1 incinchh t.~ickthick andand spacedspaced aboutabout liz1/2 toto 1 inchinch apart;apart; siltstonesiltstone comprieescomprises 1/31/3 ttoo liz1/2 ooff unit.unit . 3535 34.34. Limestone:Limestone: samesame asas #33#33 exceptexcept siltsilt makemakess upup onlyonly aboutabout 5 perper centcent ofof unitunit althoughalthough itit showsshows upup prominentlyprominently onon weatheredweathered surface.surface • • • . • • • • . • . • . . • •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • 3535 TotalTotal Hart<-nannHartmann (?)(?) limestone.limestone. •... • ••. 1,0621, 062 OphirOphir shaleshale ThicknessThickness —.^ in feetfeet A coveredcovered intervalinterval ofof 200200 feetfeet lyinglying beneathbeneath ththee limestoneslimestones andand aboveabove thethe BrighamBrigham quartzitequartzite isis thoughtthought toto representrepresent thethe --thicknessthickness ofof thethe OphirOphir shale.shale. FloatFloat consistingconsisting ofof greengreen ish-grayish-gray micaceoumicaceouss shaleshale waswas founfOll.."1.dd inin ththee intervalinterval andand isis believebelievedd toto representrepresent thethe generalgeneral charactercharacter ofof thethe OphirOphir inin thisthis region.region • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • zoo200 TotalTotal OphirOphir shaleshale • • • • .- • • • • • • • • • • 200200 88 Brigham quartzite TblckneThicknessss !Brigham... . : "- 3., QQuartzituarizitee and BandstoftiJsandstone;= samesame aeas flcu(c:#1 excep.eptt forbsen"for absence ·ofof worm-likeworm-like atl'ucturesstructures;: mmainl inlyy lightlight bro~brown toto bufbullf inin colo-I"'color;; mostlymostly mediummedium toto veryvery cocoars ztcee ,raingrained ch; breakl"eks inin veryvery lal'elarge atagu1arangular blocks • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 106 4. QuartziteQuartzite andand sandstonea stone:: browrownn toto liligh t brown;; wweather atb 'rs - mostlymostly ligtlight brownbrown toto browbrownn toto darkdark b.-ownbrown toto darkdark green;; Geeoccasiona ionall s!ightctttJssslight c®#ss-beddin... bedding. withwith Ughterlighter bedsbeds tendi.ngtending toto bebe mQremore <:1'08Scross... * beddebec!de4d thanthan darker;" meetmediu.1umm toto coatlecoarse g.rgrained inech; ferruginous;ferruginous; gUglisten .tenss ~on weatheredweathered surfacurfacee . • ;; •. • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 119119 5. QQuartziteuartzite;: lightlight 1lavende vende.-r toto white; weweather ·~· el' s buBbuff toto bJ>ownbrown toto purplrpiee withwith a fairlyfairly smaothsmooth surfaceunac;; exhibltsexhibits considerablconsiderabl e .exfoliationexfoltation;; coarsecoarse grainer · Utedd toto finelyfinely conglomeratic:conglomerate; consistconsist s oflof lavende ven4eJ'r toto pinkpink quartzquartz erainsgrains whichwhich aresubr:oundedare subrounded toto subangulau tlfwarudr and are cemente. 6.# Estimatestim tedd additiona.. ditiQnatl TinticTintic quartzitequartzite exposed butbut notnot memeasured $ared:: generallygenerally samesame asas #5S exceptexcept withwith mOl"emore a.bundantabundant pebblepebble c.t,ncon ... glomeratlamer-atee . • . . • . • • . • • • • • • • '. . • . . • . • • . •.. • 400400 TotalTotal eKposedrighamexposed Brigham qua~itequartzite . • • • • • • • •. 7)9739 TotalTotal e_posedexposed CCambria mbri n . ;; • • • • • • • • • • • • 55,49, 4955 TotalTotal SectionSection mea.su~dmeasured . • • • • • • • • • • • • • la,12,87 8166 8989 BIBLIOGRAPHYBIB LIOGRA PHY Eardley,Eardley, .A.A. J.J. (1933)(1933) StrongStrong ReliefRelief BeforeBefore BlockBlock FaultingFaulting inin thethe ViCL.lity..ofVicinity, of thethe vVasatchWasatch Mountains,Mountains, Utah,Utah, Jour:Jour. GeologyGeology,, volvol.. 4141,, pp.pp. 243-267.243-2o7. (1939)(1939) StructureStructure ofof thethe Wasatch-GreatWasatch-Great BasiBasinn Region,Region, BuU.Bull. G.S.A.,G. S. A., vol.vol, 50,50, pp.pp. 1277-1310.1277-1310. ———— , andand HatchHatch R.R. A.A. (194OJ(1940) ProterozoicProterozoic RocksRocks inin Utah,Utah, ---'"""=B~U1l";T".--'G=-.Bull. G.S.A. S. A.,, volvol.. 51,51, pppP.. 795-844.795-84?! (1944)( 1944) GeologyGeology ofof thethe North....centralNorth-X)entral WasatchWasatch Mountains,Mountains, ---"':'U':"!ta--='"h-,Utah, "":B!::""Ui"""1. Bull. G.G. S.S.A, A.,, vol.vol. 55,55, pp.pp. 819-894.819-894. — Gillu1y,Gilluly, JamesJarnes (1928)(1928) BasinBasin RangeRange FaultingFaulting AlongAlong thethe QquirrOquirrhh R""nge,Range, Utah,Utah, Bull.Bull. G.G. 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