DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO Clonagem E
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Araneae (Spider) Photos
Araneae (Spider) Photos Araneae (Spiders) About Information on: Spider Photos of Links to WWW Spiders Spiders of North America Relationships Spider Groups Spider Resources -- An Identification Manual About Spiders As in the other arachnid orders, appendage specialization is very important in the evolution of spiders. In spiders the five pairs of appendages of the prosoma (one of the two main body sections) that follow the chelicerae are the pedipalps followed by four pairs of walking legs. The pedipalps are modified to serve as mating organs by mature male spiders. These modifications are often very complicated and differences in their structure are important characteristics used by araneologists in the classification of spiders. Pedipalps in female spiders are structurally much simpler and are used for sensing, manipulating food and sometimes in locomotion. It is relatively easy to tell mature or nearly mature males from female spiders (at least in most groups) by looking at the pedipalps -- in females they look like functional but small legs while in males the ends tend to be enlarged, often greatly so. In young spiders these differences are not evident. There are also appendages on the opisthosoma (the rear body section, the one with no walking legs) the best known being the spinnerets. In the first spiders there were four pairs of spinnerets. Living spiders may have four e.g., (liphistiomorph spiders) or three pairs (e.g., mygalomorph and ecribellate araneomorphs) or three paris of spinnerets and a silk spinning plate called a cribellum (the earliest and many extant araneomorph spiders). Spinnerets' history as appendages is suggested in part by their being projections away from the opisthosoma and the fact that they may retain muscles for movement Much of the success of spiders traces directly to their extensive use of silk and poison. -
Describing Species
DESCRIBING SPECIES Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists Judith E. Winston COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © 1999 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data © Winston, Judith E. Describing species : practical taxonomic procedure for biologists / Judith E. Winston, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-231-06824-7 (alk. paper)—0-231-06825-5 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Biology—Classification. 2. Species. I. Title. QH83.W57 1999 570'.1'2—dc21 99-14019 Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 98765432 p 10 98765432 The Far Side by Gary Larson "I'm one of those species they describe as 'awkward on land." Gary Larson cartoon celebrates species description, an important and still unfinished aspect of taxonomy. THE FAR SIDE © 1988 FARWORKS, INC. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Universal Press Syndicate DESCRIBING SPECIES For my daughter, Eliza, who has grown up (andput up) with this book Contents List of Illustrations xiii List of Tables xvii Preface xix Part One: Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 3 Describing the Living World 3 Why Is Species Description Necessary? 4 How New Species Are Described 8 Scope and Organization of This Book 12 The Pleasures of Systematics 14 Sources CHAPTER 2. BIOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 19 Humans as Taxonomists 19 Biological Nomenclature 21 Folk Taxonomy 23 Binomial Nomenclature 25 Development of Codes of Nomenclature 26 The Current Codes of Nomenclature 50 Future of the Codes 36 Sources 39 Part Two: Recognizing Species 41 CHAPTER 3. -
Dynamics and Phenology of Ballooning Spiders in an Agricultural Landscape of Western Switzerland
Departement of Biology University of Fribourg (Switzerland) Dynamics and phenology of ballooning spiders in an agricultural landscape of Western Switzerland THESIS Presented to the Faculty of Science of the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) in consideration for the award of the academic grade of Doctor rerum naturalium by Gilles Blandenier from Villiers (NE, Switzerland) Dissertation No 1840 UniPrint 2014 Accepted by the Faculty of Science of the Universtiy of Fribourg (Switzerland) upon the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Christian Lexer (University of Fribourg) and Prof. Dr. Søren Toft (University of Aarhus, Denmark), and the President of the Jury Prof. Simon Sprecher (University of Fribourg). Fribourg, 20.05.2014 Thesis supervisor The Dean Prof. Louis-Félix Bersier Prof. Fritz Müller Contents Summary / Résumé ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 General Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2 Ballooning of spiders (Araneae) in Switzerland: general results from an eleven-years survey ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Chapter 3 Are phenological -
Salient Features of the Orb-Web of the Garden Spider, Argiope Luzona (Walckenaer, 1841) (Araneae: Araneidae) Liza R. Abrenica-Ad
Egypt. Acad. J. biolog. Sci., 1 (1): 73- 83 (2009) B. Zoology Email: [email protected] ISSN: 2090 – 0759 Received: 7/11/2009 www.eajbs.eg.net Salient features of the orb-web of the garden spider, Argiope luzona (Walckenaer, 1841) (Araneae: Araneidae) Liza R. Abrenica-Adamat1, Mark Anthony J. Torres1, Adelina A. Barrion2, Aimee Lynn B. Dupo2 and Cesar G. Demayo1* 1- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City, Philippines 2- Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, U.P. Los Bańos, Laguna, Philippines *For Correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT Many orb-web building spiders such as the garden spider Argiope luzona (Walckenaer, 1841) add conspicuous, white zigzag silk decorations termed stabilimenta onto the central portion of the webs. We studied the features of the web of this species by examining the stabilimenta, variations in form and quantity, presence and absence of stabilimentum and structure to be able to understand the nature of web building especially the factors that affect the nature of the built web. Field observations reveal that the stabilimenta of A. luzona are mainly discoid or cruciate which significantly depended on body size. Smaller individuals (body size < 0.6 cm) produced mainly discoid stabilimenta and larger individuals (body size > 0.6 cm) produced strictly cruciate stabilimenta that are 1-armed, 2-armed, 3-armed, 4- armed, or 5-armed. Results also showed that the spiders’ body size was positively correlated to the number of stabilimentum arms, length of upper arms and to the length difference between upper and lower arms. -
Sensory Exploitation in a Sit-And-Wait Predator Exploring the Functions Of
Sensory exploitation in a sit-and-wait predator Exploring the functions of stabilimenta in the banded garden spider, Argiope trifasciata by SUSAN ALLISON CROWE A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada September, 2009 Copyright © Susan A. Crowe, 2009 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-65166-7 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-65166-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Spider World Records: a Resource for Using Organismal Biology As a Hook for Science Learning
A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 31 October 2017. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/3972), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Mammola S, Michalik P, Hebets EA, Isaia M. 2017. Record breaking achievements by spiders and the scientists who study them. PeerJ 5:e3972 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3972 Spider World Records: a resource for using organismal biology as a hook for science learning Stefano Mammola Corresp., 1, 2 , Peter Michalik 3 , Eileen A Hebets 4, 5 , Marco Isaia Corresp. 2, 6 1 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Italy 2 IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Torino, Italy 3 Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 4 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA 5 School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, United States 6 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy Corresponding Authors: Stefano Mammola, Marco Isaia Email address: [email protected], [email protected] The public reputation of spiders is that they are deadly poisonous, brown and nondescript, and hairy and ugly. There are tales describing how they lay eggs in human skin, frequent toilet seats in airports, and crawl into your mouth when you are sleeping. Misinformation about spiders in the popular media and on the World Wide Web is rampant, leading to distorted perceptions and negative feelings about spiders. Despite these negative feelings, however, spiders offer intrigue and mystery and can be used to effectively engage even arachnophobic individuals. -
Crespi & Abbot
Crespi & Abbot: Evolution of Kleptoparasitism 147 THE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF KLEPTOPARASITISM IN AUSTRALIAN GALL THRIPS BERNARD CRESPI AND PATRICK ABBOT1 Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada 1Current address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona ABSTRACT We used a combination of behavioral-ecological and molecular-phylogenetic data to analyze the origin and diversification of kleptoparasitic (gall-stealing) thrips in the genus Koptothrips, which comprises four described species that invade and breed in galls induced by species of Oncothrips and Kladothrips on Australian Acacia. The ge- nus Koptothrips is apparently monophyletic and not closely related to its hosts. Two of the species, K. dyskritus and K. flavicornis, each appears to represent a suite of closely-related sibling species or host races. Three of the four Koptothrips species are facultatively kleptoparasitic, in that females can breed within damaged, open galls by enclosing themselves within cellophane-like partitions. Facultative kleptoparasitism may have served as an evolutionary bridge to the obligately kleptoparasitic habit found in K. flavicornis. Evidence from phylogenetics, and Acacia host-plant relation- ships of the kleptoparasites and the gall-inducers, suggests that this parasite-host system has undergone some degree of cospeciation, such that speciations of Kopto- thrips have tracked the speciations of the gall-inducers. Quantification of kleptopar- asitism rates indicates that Koptothrips and other enemies represent extremely strong selective pressures on most species of gall-inducers. Although the defensive soldier morphs found in some gall-inducing species can successfully defend against Koptothrips invasion, species with soldiers are still subject to high rates of successful kleptoparasite attack. -
Pesantren Wirausaha
PESANTREN WIRAUSAHA (STUDI TENTANG PEMBERDAYAAN SANTRI TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ISHLAH KADILANGU TRANGKIL PATI) SKRIPSI Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Tugas dan Melengkapi Syarat Guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Program Strata 1 (S.1) Dalam Ilmu Ekonomi Oleh: SOFY AINI KHIKMATIN 1405026120 EKONOMI ISLAM FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI WALISONGO SEMARANG 2019 i Dr. H. Musahadi, M.Ag Jl. Permata II/62 Ngaliyan Semarang Choirul Huda, M.Ag Perum Bukit Beringin Asri D-20 R Tambakaji Ngaliyan Semarang 50181 PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING Lamp. : 4 (empat) bendel Hal : Persetujuan Naskah Skripsi An. Sdri. Sofy Aini Khikmatin Kepada Yth. Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Walisongo Semarang Assalamu‟alaikum Wr. Wb. Setelah kami meneliti dan mengadakan perbaikan seperlunya, maka kami menyatakan bahwa skripsi saudari: Nama : Sofy Aini Khikmatin NIM : 1405026120 Fakultas/Jurusan : Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam/Ekonomi Islam Judul Skripsi : Pesantren Wirausaha (Studi tentang Pemberdayaan Santri terhadap Pengembangan Kewirausahaan pada Pondok Pesantren Al-Ishlah Kadilangu Trangkil Pati) Dengan ini kami setujui, dan mohon kiranya dapat segera dimunaqosahkan. Demikian, atas perhatiannya diucapkan terima kasih. Wassalamu‟alaikum Wr. Wb. Semarang, 10 Desember 2018 Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Dr. H. Musahadi, M.Ag Choirul Huda, M.Ag NIP. 19690709 199403 1 003 NIP. 19760109 200501 1 002 ii PENGESAHAN Nama : Sofy Aini Khikmatin NIM : 1405026120 Fakultas/Jurusan : Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam/Ekonomi Islam Judul Skripsi : Pesantren Wirausaha (Studi tentang Pemberdayaan Santri terhadap Pengembangan Kewirausahaan pada Pondok Pesantren Al-Ishlah Kadilangu Trangkil Pati) Telah di munaqosahkan oleh Dewan Penguji Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang dan dinyatakan lulus dengan predikat cumlaude/baik/cukup pada tanggal: 2018 Dan dapat diterima sebagai pelengkap ujian akhir, guna memperoleh gelar sarjana (Strata Satu/S1) dalam Ilmu Ekonomi Islam. -
A Spider in Motion: Facets of Sensory Guidance
Journal of Comparative Physiology A https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-020-01449-z REVIEW A spider in motion: facets of sensory guidance Friedrich G. Barth1 Received: 25 August 2020 / Revised: 28 September 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Spiders show a broad range of motions in addition to walking and running with their eight coordinated legs taking them towards their resources and away from danger. The usefulness of all these motions depends on the ability to control and adjust them to changing environmental conditions. A remarkable wealth of sensory receptors guarantees the necessary guidance. Many facets of such guidance have emerged from neuroethological research on the wandering spider Cupiennius salei and its allies, although sensori-motor control was not the main focus of this work. The present review may serve as a springboard for future studies aiming towards a more complete understanding of the spider’s control of its diferent types of motion. Among the topics shortly addressed are the involvement of lyriform slit sensilla in path integration, muscle refexes in the walking legs, the monitoring of joint movement, the neuromuscular control of body raising, the generation of vibra- tory courtship signals, the sensory guidance of the jump to fying prey and the triggering of spiderling dispersal behavior. Finally, the interaction of sensors on diferent legs in oriented turning behavior and that of the sensory systems for substrate vibration and medium fow are addressed. Keywords Spider motion · Sensory control · Mechanoreception · Sensory ecology · Neuroethology Introduction enabling locomotion. Much less attention has been given to its sensory control. -
Arañas Orbitelares (Araneae: Orbiculariae) En Tres Formaciones Vegetales De La Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta (Magdalena, Colombia)
ARTÍCULO: Arañas orbitelares (Araneae: Orbiculariae) en tres formaciones vegetales de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Magdalena, Colombia) Luis Ferreira-Ojeda & Eduardo Flórez-D. Resumen: Se estudió la diversidad de arañas orbitelares en tres formaciones vegetales (bosque muy seco Tropical, bosque húmedo Subtropical y bosque muy húme- ARTÍCULO: do Subtropical) de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, considerada como una de Arañas orbitelares (Araneae: las regiones con mayor grado de endemicidad de Colombia, en la cuenca del Orbiculariae) en tres formaciones río Gaira (Magdalena). Los muestreos se realizaron en cuatro jornadas diurnas vegetales de la Sierra Nevada de y nocturnas, que abarcaban las dos estaciones secas y las dos lluviosas, entre Santa Marta (Magdalena, Colombia) marzo y octubre de 2006. Se emplearon métodos de colecta manual, barrido con red entomológica y vareo de follaje. Se recolectaron 1.755 arañas orbitela- res pertenecientes a 7 familias y 55 morfoespecies. Araneidae fue la familia Luis Ferreira-Ojeda más rica en especies y la más abundante. Deinopidae Nephilidae y Anapidae Grupo de Investigación en Insectos fueron las menos ricas en especies y Deinopidae fue la menos abundante. Se Neotropicales, INTROPIC, Universi- reportan por primera vez para el Caribe colombiano siete géneros y cuatro es- dad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 Nº 22- pecies de arañas. La araneofauna orbitelar exhibió una diversidad coherente 08, Santa Marta, Colombia. con la megadiversidad de bosques tropicales. La composición y estructura de [email protected] la araneofauna orbitelar parecen estar relacionadas con el régimen climático y las condiciones de cada localidad. La curva de rango-abundancia se ajustó al Eduardo Flórez-D. -
DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO Clonagem E Expressão Da
DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO Clonagem e expressão da sequência codificante para o peptídeo maduro LTx4 da aranha Lasiodora sp em sistema pET21b. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Filippe Gadiolli Pimentel Ouro Preto, dezembro de 2010 P644c Pimentel, Filippe Gadiolli. Clonagem e expressão da sequência codificante para o peptídeo maduro LTx4 da aranha Lasiodora sp em sistema pET21b[manuscrito] / Filippe Gadiolli Pimentel. - 2010. xvi, 93f.: il., color.; tabs. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ieso de Miranda Castro Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas. Área de concentração: Biologia molecular. 1. Biologia molecular - Teses. 2. Clonagem - Teses. 3. Genética - expressão - teses. 4. Aranha - Veneno - Teses. I. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. II. Título. CDU: 577.212:604.7 Catalogação: [email protected] ii Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Clonagem e expressão da sequência codificante para o peptídeo maduro LTx4 da aranha Lasiodora sp em sistema pET21b. Filippe Gadiolli Pimentel ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. IESO DE MIRANDA CASTRO Dissertação apresentada ao programa de pós- graduação do Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, como parte integrante dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração Biologia Molecular iii Ouro Preto, dezembro de 2010 Dedicatória “Penso noventa e nove vezes e nada descubro; deixo de pensar, mergulho em profundo silêncio - e eis que a verdade se me revela”. -
A Preliminary Checklist to the Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Minnesota (U.S.A.) with Annotations
A Preliminary Checklist to the Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Minnesota (U.S.A.) with Annotations Chad J. Heins: Biology Department, Bethany Lutheran College, Mankato, Minnesota Assistant Professor of Biology Bethany Lutheran College 700 Luther Drive Mankato, MN 56001 Abstract This is a list of spider species for Minnesota (U.S.A.). It includes species that have been recorded in Minnesota as well as those which have ranges that suggest they are likely to be found in the state in the future. The checklist is a compilation of records from the literature, museums, and personal collection efforts by the author. Each species is annotated with a select reference or references and a comment if necessary. This list represents several new state records and expansions of several species’ known ranges. Key Terms: Minnesota, Araneae INTRODUCTION Spiders are an abundant component of terrestrial arthropod assemblages. Over 3,800 species of spiders have been documented in North America north of Mexico (Bradley 2013). They present interesting subjects for the study of behavior, taxonomy, and ecology and it has been suggested that they may serve as important ecological indicators (Clausen 1986; Churchill 1997). Their abundance, ease of capture, and limited expense to study make them ideal subjects for study at the undergraduate level and an interest in such applications sent the author in search of a list of Minnesota spiders. The only faunal list for Minnesota that could be located was limited to the family-level (Cutler 1976). Several states and provinces in North America have developed such spider faunal lists. In the Upper Midwest, such lists have been created for Michigan (Snider 1991), Illinois/Indiana (Beatty 2002), Wisconsin (Levi & Field 1954), and Manitoba (Benell-Aitchison & Dondale 1990).