DOCSLIB.ORG

Mapping Minerals, Charting Community: a Petrographic Study of Dalma Ware in the Chalcolithic Near East

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mapping Minerals, Charting Community: a Petrographic Study of Dalma Ware in the Chalcolithic Near East AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Savanna Buehlman-Barbeau for the degree of Master of Science in Applied Anthropology presented on September 11, 2020. Title: Mapping Minerals, Charting Community: A Petrographic Study of Dalma Ware in the Chalcolithic Near East Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Leah Minc The recent recovery of Dalma Ware at the archaeological site of Surezha, Northern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraqi-Kurdistan), has raised questions regarding the method of its arrival in the region (Stein 2017; Stein & Fisher 2018). In order to assess Dalma Ware’s potential modes of dispersal into Northern Mesopotamia, ceramic petrography and paste analysis was used to identify communities of practice among the local and Dalma ceramics from Surezha, as well as the Dalma assemblage from Dalma Ware’s type-site, Dalma Tepe (modern-day NW Iran). Comparison between the Dalma Ware from Surezha and Dalma Tepe revealed a similar chaîne opératoire of ceramic production, despite results of their contrasting origins of geologic provenance (Minc & Buehlman-Barbeau 2020). However, the Dalma assemblage from Surezha also had distinct differences with the assemblage from Dalma Tepe, including a lower average amount of mineral inclusions per ceramic sample, and larger organic inclusions. Overall, the Dalma Ware at Surezha displayed significant similarities to Surezha’s local wares in addition to its resemblance to the community of practice found at Dalma Tepe. The petrographic and paste results from the ceramics at Surezha and Dalma Tepe were compared with expectations for four possible modes of dispersal to explain the presence of Dalma Ware at Surezha: trade, pastoralism, itinerant specialists, and displacement (i.e., exogamy, migration), and suggest that more than one mode may have been operative. Regardless, the recovery of Dalma Ware at Surezha is highly suggestive of Northern Mesopotamia’s connections with communities in Western Iran during the late 5th millennium BCE. ©Copyright by Savanna Buehlman-Barbeau September 11, 2020 All Rights Reserved. MAPPING MINERALS, CHARTING COMMUNITY: A PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF DALMA WARE IN THE CHALCOLITHIC NEAR EAST by Savanna Buehlman-Barbeau A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Presented September 11, 2020 Commencement June 2021 Master of Science thesis of Savanna Buehlman-Barbeau presented on September 11, 2020 APPROVED: Major Professor, representing Applied Anthropology Director of the School of Language, Culture, and Society Dean of the Graduate School I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader upon request. Savanna Buehlman-Barbeau, Author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I give my utmost gratitude and appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Leah Minc, whose knowledge, patience, and kindness I could not have done this without. Dr. Minc, thank you for bringing me into the wonderful world of petrography, INAA, and ceramic analysis. I cannot express enough how grateful I am for the opportunities you have given me, and your persistent support in these past two years. Your work as an archaeologist and researcher continues to inspire me, and I will carry all that you have taught me for the rest of my archaeological career. I would next like to express my deep appreciation for Dr. Gil Stein. As someone who very much has had a fascination with Mesopotamian archaeology from a young age, I am both honored and awestruck to have the opportunity to contribute to a project as incredible as this, with a scholar whose work I have followed since I was a kid. Dr. Stein, I can’t thank you enough for all your generosity and support. My sincere thanks also go out to Dr. John Alden, whose expertise I could not have done without, and the entire team at Surezha. I extend my appreciation and thanks to the Penn Museum, through which I was able to analyze the Dalma Ware from Dalma Tepe, and to the Erbil Civilization Museum, which graciously allowed the analysis of ceramics from Surezha. Without the archaeologists, curators, and staff at these institutions, this thesis would not have been possible. I am likewise grateful to Oregon State University’s Anthropology Department, for the generous grant award which greatly helped in funding the necessary expenses of this project, and to my graduate committee, for their patience and support. I would also like to extend my gratitude to my maternal grandparents for their everlasting support, and the many, many trips we took to the UW Geology Museum together. Of course, to my paternal grandparents, I owe thanks for supplying me with archaeology books, which stand as a small tower on my bookcase. Finally, my deepest appreciation is for my parents, who inspired my love of science through their adoration of Carl Sagan’s Cosmos, and for my sister, who I can always count on to share my passion for stories and the unknown. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I: A Tale of Two Sites: Introduction...…………….…………………… 1 CHAPTER II: A Brief History of Study…………………………..………………… 6 Regional Outlooks: Summary of Iraqi Kurdistan and NW Iran………... …. 8 Iraqi Kurdistan: The Erbil Plain…………………………………….. 8 Archaeology of Surezha………………………………….…………. 9 Northwest Iran: The Ushnu-Solduz Valley…………….….……….. 11 Archaeology of Dalma Tepe……………………………………..… 12 Introduction to Dalma Ware……………...………………...………………. 13 Theory of Dalma Dispersal…………………………………………………...18 Theory of Dispersal: Trade……………………………………….… 19 Theory of Dispersal: Pastoralism………………………………….... 23 Theory of Dispersal: Itinerant Specialists…………………………... 28 Theory of Dispersal: Displacement …………...……………………. 32 Research Questions and Aims………………………………………………. 35 CHAPTER III: Theory and Application ………………………………………...……37 Community of Practice Theory ..………………………………………….… 37 Method: Understanding the Community of Dalma Practice ……….……….. 41 Community of Practice and Mechanisms of Dispersal ………………….….. 43 In Theory: Trade ..………………………..……………………….… 43 In Theory: Pastoralism ………………………………………..…….. 45 In Theory: Itinerant Specialists ...……………..…………………….. 48 In Theory: Displacement ……………………………..……………... 51 CHAPTER IV: Method of Study …..………………………………………………… 55 The Data…………………………………………………………………….... 56 Sample Selection………………………………………………….………….. 58 Paste Analysis…………………………...……..……………………………... 59 Dalma Tepe: Paste Analysis……………………………………………59 Surezha: Paste Analysis…………………………………………….…. 64 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page Petrographic Analysis………………………………………………..…….. 71 Dalma Tepe: Petrographic Analysis……………………………….. 75 Surezha: Petrographic Analysis……………………………………. 80 Dalma Tepe: Provenance Assessment…………………………………..…. 86 Surezha: Provenance Assessment…………………..………………..…….. 90 Summary of Analysis……………………………………..………………... 93 CHAPTER V: Summary and Discussion.………...…….……………………………96 Summary of Results……………………………………….………..……….. 96 Discussion of Results……………………………………………...………… 99 In Theory: Trade………………………………….…………………..101 In Theory: Pastoralism……………………………………….……….102 In Theory: Itinerant Specialists………………….……………………103 In Theory: Displacement……………………………….……………..104 Dalma Ware: Study Summary……………………………………………..… 105 Limitations of Study…………………………………………………………. 107 The Study of Dalma Ware Going Forward………………………………….. 108 BIBLIOGRAPHY ….…………………...……….………………………….…….….111 APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………..………127 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2.1 Map of Study Area……………………………………...……………………….10 2.2 Geographic Map of Dalma Extent……...……………………………………….14 2.3 Map of Local Obsidian Sources in the Chalcolithic…………………………….22 4.1 Dalma Tepe: Dalma Painted…………………………………………………….60 4.2 Dalma Tepe: Dalma Impressed………………………………………………….61 4.3 Dalma Ware: Inclusion Sorting…………………………………………………62 4.4 Dalma Ware: Inclusion Amount …….………………………………………….63 4.5 Dalma Ware: Grain Shape..……………………………………………………..63 4.6 Surezha: Dalma Painted…………..……………………………………………..64 4.7 Surezha: Dalma Impressed……………………………………………………...65 4.8 Surezha: Local Wares……………………………….…………………………..66 4.9 Dalma Ware and Local Wares: Inclusion Sorting..……………………………..67 4.10 Dalma Ware and Local Wares: Inclusion Amount…………………………….67 4.11 Dalma Ware and Local Wares: Grain Shape…………………………………..68 4.12 Dalma Tepe and Surezha: Grain Form Factor….…………………….………..76 4.13 Dalma Tepe-1 Petrographic Images………………………….………………...77 4.14 Dalma Tepe-2 Petrographic Images…………………………………………....78 4.15 Surezha-1 Petrographic Images………………………………………………..82 4.16 Surezha-2 Petrographic Images………………………………………………..83 4.17 Geologic Map of NW Iran...……………………….…………………………..87 4.18 Geologic Map of the Erbil Plain………………….……………………………90 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Regional Chronology During the Chalcolithic…………………………... 7 3.1 Expectations of Community of Ceramic Practice and Dispersal…………. 54 4.1 Total Sample Selection from Surezha and Dalma Tepe..……………….... 58 4.2 Chi-Square Test of Independence as Assessed by Ware and Type ……….69 4.3 Sample Selection: Petrographic Thin Section ..…………………………....72 4.4 Wentworth Grain Size …………………….……………………………….74 4.5 Mineralogical Composition: Dalma Tepe-1 and Dalma Tepe-2………….. 77 4.6 Mineral and Void Percentage of Dalma Ware at Dalma Tepe………….… 79 4.7 Mineralogical Composition: Surezha-1 and Surezha-2 ………………….. 81 4.8 Mineral and Void Percentage of Surezha-1 Ceramics……………….…….85 4.9 Mineral and Void Percentage of Surezha-2 Ceramics ..……………………86 4.10 Average Inclusion Amounts of Surezha Dalma and Local Wares …..…….86 5.1 Regional
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Palaeoenvironment and Dating of the Early Acheulean
    Quaternary Science Reviews 149 (2016) 338e371 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Palaeoenvironment and dating of the Early Acheulean localities from the Somme River basin (Northern France): New discoveries from the High Terrace at Abbeville-Carriere Carpentier * Pierre Antoine a, Marie-Hel ene Moncel b, , Nicole Limondin-Lozouet a, Jean-Luc Locht c, d, Jean-Jacques Bahain b, Davinia Moreno e, Pierre Voinchet b, Patrick Auguste f, Emmanuelle Stoetzel g, Julie Dabkowski a, Silvia M. Bello h, Simon A. Parfitt h, i, Olivier Tombret a, Bruce Hardy j a Laboratoire de Geographie Physique, Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels, UMR 8591 CNRS-Univ, Paris 1-UPEC, 1 Pl. A. Briand, 92 195 Meudon, France b UMR 7194 CNRS Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Prehistorique Departement de Prehistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universites, 1 Rue R. Panhard, 75 013 Paris, France c INRAP, Nord-Picardie, 518, Rue Saint-Fuscien, 80 000 Amiens, France d UMR CNRS UMR 8591 CNRS-Univ, Paris 1-UPEC, 1 Pl. A. Briand, 92 195 Meudon, Meudon, France e Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, 3, 09001 Burgos, Spain f UMR 8198 Evo-Eco-Paleo, CNRS, Universite de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Batiment^ SN 5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France g Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Prehistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194), Sorbonne Universites, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Departement de Prehistoire, CNRS, Musee de l'Homme,
    [Show full text]
  • The Earliest Evidence of Acheulian Occupation in Northwest
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The earliest evidence of Acheulian occupation in Northwest Europe and the rediscovery of the Moulin Received: 5 December 2017 Accepted: 19 August 2019 Quignon site, Somme valley, France Published: xx xx xxxx Pierre Antoine1, Marie-Hélène Moncel2, Pierre Voinchet2, Jean-Luc Locht1,3, Daniel Amselem2, David Hérisson 4, Arnaud Hurel2 & Jean-Jacques Bahain2 The dispersal of hominin groups with an Acheulian technology and associated bifacial tools into northern latitudes is central to the debate over the timing of the oldest human occupation of Europe. New evidence resulting from the rediscovery and the dating of the historic site of Moulin Quignon demonstrates that the frst Acheulian occupation north of 50°N occurred around 670–650 ka ago. The new archaeological assemblage was discovered in a sequence of fuvial sands and gravels overlying the chalk bedrock at a relative height of 40 m above the present-day maximal incision of the Somme River and dated by ESR on quartz to early MIS 16. More than 260 fint artefacts were recovered, including large fakes, cores and fve bifaces. This discovery pushes back the age of the oldest Acheulian occupation of north-western Europe by more than 100 ka and bridges the gap between the archaeological records of northern France and England. It also challenges hominin dispersal models in Europe showing that hominins using bifacial technology, such as Homo heidelbergensis, were probably able to overcome cold climate conditions as early as 670–650 ka ago and reasserts the importance of the Somme valley, where Prehistory was born at the end of the 19th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Artifacts
    DICTIONARY OF ARTIFACTS Barbara Ann Kipfer DICTIONARY OF ARTIFACTS DICTIONARY OF ARTIFACTS Barbara Ann Kipfer © Barbara Ann Kipfer 2007 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Barbara Ann Kipfer to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kipfer, Barbara Ann. Dictionary of artifacts / Barbara Ann Kipfer. p. cm. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-1887-3 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-1887-3 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Antiquities— Dictionaries. 2. Archaeology—Dictionaries. I. Title. CC70.K55 2007 930.103—dc22 2006034639 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10/13pt Sabon by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeolithic Continental Europe
    World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: A Characterization edited by Dan Hicks and Alice Stevenson, Archaeopress 2013, page 216-239 10 Palaeolithic Continental Europe Alison Roberts 10.1 Introduction The collection of Palaeolithic material from Continental Europe in the Pitt Rivers Museum (PRM) is almost of equivalent size to the collection from the British Isles (see Chapter 9), but is not nearly as well known or as well published. It consists mainly of material from France that seems to have been an under-acknowledged highlight of the PRM archaeological collections for most of the 20th century. Despite the obvious care with which French Palaeolithic material was acquired by the museum, especially during the curatorship of Henry Balfour, the collection has mainly been used for teaching and display, rather than as a research resource. Due to the historic lack of work on the collection so far, this chapter presents a preliminary overview, to orient and inform future research, rather than a full account of the collections. The exact numbers of Palaeolithic objects from Europe are difficult to state with certainty due to factors such as unquantified batch registration of groups of objects in the past, and missing or incorrect cultural attributions in the documentation. However, it is estimated that there are c. 3,760 Palaeolithic objects from continental Europe in the PRM, c. 534 of which are from the founding collection of the PRM (PRMFC)(1). The majority of the material comprises c. 3,585 objects from France (Figure 10.1), with smaller collections from Belgium (c. 63 objects), Italy (c.
    [Show full text]
  • Biface Distributions and the Movius Line: a Southeast Asian Perspective
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2012 Biface distributions and the Movius Line: A Southeast Asian perspective Adam Brumm University of Wollongong, [email protected] Mark W. Moore University of New England Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Brumm, Adam and Moore, Mark W.: Biface distributions and the Movius Line: A Southeast Asian perspective 2012, 32-46. https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/4441 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Biface distributions and the Movius Line: A Southeast Asian perspective Abstract The ‘Movius Line’ is the putative technological demarcation line mapping the easternmost geographical distribution of Acheulean bifacial tools. It is traditionally argued by proponents of the Movius Line that ‘true’ Acheulean bifaces, especially handaxes, are only found in abundance in Africa and western Eurasia, whereas in eastern Asia, in front of the ‘line’, these implements are rare or absent altogether. Here we argue, however, that the Movius Line relies on classifying undated surface bifaces as Acheulean on typological grounds alone, a long-standing and widely accepted practice in Africa and western Eurasia, but one that is not seen as legitimate in eastern Asian contexts. A review of the literature shows that bifaces are relatively common as surface finds in Southeast Asia and on this basis we argue that the Movius Line is in need of reassessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran Among Pioneers in COVID-19 Vaccine Development
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13928 Monday APRIL 26, 2021 Ordibehesht 6, 1400 Ramadan 13, 1442 Iran expresses Ali Davoudi takes gold China, Iran are highly Book on Rumi thoughts on condolences to Iraq over at Asian Weightlifting complementary: women, gender equality deadly hospital fire Page 2 Championships Page 3 Chinese professor Page 5 published in IndonesianPage 8 Zionist will receive ‘fundamental Iran among pioneers in response,’ Iran’s top general warns TEHRAN – A top Iranian general has of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces Major warned that the Resistance Front will General Mohammad Hossein Baqeri said give Israel a “fundamental response” on Sunday. after press reports suggested that an oil “The measures taken in the recent days COVID-19 vaccine development tanker off the Syrian coast may have been and the future measures that would threat- See page 7 targeted by a drone. en their (Israel’s) interests will definitely “Zionists think they can target the bring them to their senses, and the future Syrian soil constantly and conduct acts of the resistance front is bright,” he con- of mischief in various places and in the tinued, according to Tasnim. sea without receiving a response,” Chief Continued on page 3 Iran ranked world’s 10th largest steelmaker in Q1 2021: WSA TEHRAN - Iran was ranked the world’s The Islamic Republic’s steel output tenth-largest steel producer in the first stood at 2.6 million tons in March, three-month of 2021, Iranian Mines and indicating a 10.7 percent rise year on Mining Industries Development and Reno- year.
    [Show full text]
  • Tool Industries of the European Paleolithic: Insights Into Hominid Evolution and Shifts in Archaeological Theory and Practice from the James B
    TOOL INDUSTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN PALEOLITHIC: INSIGHTS INTO HOMINID EVOLUTION AND SHIFTS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE FROM THE JAMES B. BULLITT COLLECTION by Sophie K. Joseph Honors Thesis Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2020 Approved: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– R. P. Stephen Davis, PhD (Advisor) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Laurie C. Steponaitis, PhD –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Silvia Tomášková, PhD ABSTRACT From early archaeological excavation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to modern conceptions of Paleolithic stone tool evolution, radiometric dating techniques and studies of paleoenvironment have revolutionized the study of relationships and divisions between these different lithic industries. In addition, there has been a shift from the formal to the functional approach when categorizing lithic industries through time. This project aims to examine how lithic industries in France changed through the Paleolithic and early Neolithic using a curated sample from Dr. James B. Bullitt’s contribution to the North Carolina Archaeological Collection. Early and contemporary archaeological literature about early stone tools are compared and connected to broad theoretical shifts in the field since the 1800s. Because many artifacts in the Collection are used as teaching aids, it is hoped that this project provides insight into the value of the Collection to the study of about Paleolithic hominid evolution. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor and thesis committee chair Dr. Davis: without his diligent guidance and investment of time, this project truly would not have been possible. Furthermore, the James B. Bullitt Collection and larger North Carolina Archeological Collection would not be in the incredibly organized and accessible state they are today without Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology and the Ancient Near East: Methods and Limits
    Snell / Companion to the Ancient Near East Final Proof 19.10.2004 1:08pm page 65 A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Daniel C. Snell Copyright © 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd CHAPTER FIVE Archaeology and the Ancient Near East: Methods and Limits Marie-Henriette Gates Archaeology’s contributions to Ancient Near Eastern history involve more than supplying the raw data – archives and monumental inscriptions – identifying ancient sites on the ground, and checking chronological outlines, all first steps toward the reconstruction of historical narratives. At the same time, historical documents from the Ancient Near East provide otherwise inaccessible information for many issues pertinent to archaeological analysis of its societies. The two fields of archae- ology and history thus complement each other, but by definition examine their subjects by using different sources, and from these orient themselves toward different objectives. This essay will touch on some aspects of the past and current relationship between archaeology or the archaeological perspective and Ancient Near Eastern history. History is defined here in terms deriving from the Annales school of historians in France to cover events and also instances or patterns of social and economic behavior that include mentalities, or culture, and the historian refers to the specialist whose primary sources are written (Bloch 1953; Braudel 1972). The archaeologist, in contrast, relies on the material record rather than the written one, and consults artifacts, building plans, settlement patterns, and other tangible remains of human activity for primary interpretive data. Reconstructing sequences of events and the personalities behind them remains the preserve of the historian, while issues of cultural definition and change, within a specific context and in a broader landscape, concern the archaeologist.
    [Show full text]
  • IRCS: Sanctions Hindering Pharma Raw Materials Import
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y Pages Price 40,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 39th year No.13465 Monday AUGUST 19, 2019 Mordad 28, 1398 Dhul Hijjah 17, 1440 Leader thanks IRGC for Resistance is the Iranian documentary Congratulations downing U.S. spy drone, only way to confront “Finding Farideh” to on Eid al-Ghadir seizing British tanker 2 bullying 3 represent Iran at Oscars 16 Iran-Syria joint chamber of IRCS: Sanctions hindering commerce to recruit members TEHRAN – Iran Chamber of Commerce, hand in the required documents to be Industries, Mines and Agriculture (ICCIMA) assessed in order for registration. has published an announcement, inviting Iran and Syria agreed on establishing capable private companies to join Iran-Syria a joint chamber of commerce in business pharma raw materials import joint chamber of commerce’s founding board. forum in October 2018. As reported by the portal of ICCIMA, The forum was held on October 20 in establishing Iran-Syria joint chamber is Tehran with the participation of 50 Syrian put on the ICCIMA’s agenda for the current businessmen headed by secretary general See page 11 Iranian calendar year (ends on March 19, of the Federation of Syrian Chambers of 2020) and all interested companies can Commerce Mohammad Hamshou. 4 Majlis moves to retake oil money from UK, U.S. after 1953 coup TEHRAN — Members of the Iranian Mordad (1953) coup d’etat and also parliament (Majlis) have presented a to redeem the rights of the victims 10-point anti-U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Wadi Sharara: a PPNA Site at Wadi Al Hasa Gorge, Jordan
    Annals of Archaeology Volume 3, Issue 1, 2020, PP 41-51 ISSN 2639-3662 Wadi Sharara: A PPNA Site at Wadi al Hasa Gorge, Jordan Adamantios Sampson* University of the Aegean, Greece *Corresponding Author: Adamantios Sampson, University of the Aegean, Greece ABSTRACT After a Bedouin’s suggestion, we discovered a new Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) site marked by the locals as Wadi Sharara. It is a hilltop that rises above a steep turn of the Wadi al-Hasa Gorge. The excavation of the Aegean University at the site took place in two periods in 2011 and 2012 and revealed seven loci at the top of a hill (Fig. 2), while two other constructions remained unclear, one of which was located far from the others in a strongly downhill area. The undisturbed layers yielded lithic and ground stone tools, human burials under the floors and archaeobotanical remains. Archaeological finds allow comparisons to be made with neighboring sites of the same period as el-Hemmeh, Drha’ and ZAD 2, as well as with the sites of Jordan Valley. New radiocarbon dates from the site help complete the chronological framework in the southern Levant and in an area such as Jordan where PPNA sites are currently scarce. Keywords: Pre-Pottery Neolithic A, burials, ground stone tools, material dating, Jordan. INTRODUCTION as well as the ascent to the place for the rest 30 minutes. Observing the map (Fig. 1) we discover The Site that, despite the fact that we are among mountains, Τhe access to the site from the Pre- Pottery the altitude of the place is almost at the level of -0 Neolithic B (PPNB) site Wadi Hamarash 1,an or a little more like that of Wadi Hamarash 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 13887 Saturday FEBRUARY 20, 2021 Esfand 2, 1399 Rajab 8, 1442
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13887 Saturday FEBRUARY 20, 2021 Esfand 2, 1399 Rajab 8, 1442 IRGC official says Iran’s Persepolis down Daesh confirm fighting Iran, a role model in West conventional arms Gol Gohar at Iran alongside Saudi mercenaries Asia for NCDs control: non-negotiable Page 2 Professional League Page 3 in Yemen Page 5 WHO official Page 7 Iran urges U.S. to lift all sanctions TEHRAN – Iran has called on the United 2231: U.S. unconditionally & effectively Can Russia and China States and Europe to put an end to U.S. lift all sanctions imposed, re-imposed or sanctions and return to compliance with re-labeled by Trump. We will then im- the 2015 nuclear deal. mediately reverse all remedial measures. Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Simple: #CommitActMeet,” Zarif said in Javad Zarif said on Friday that the U.S. a tweet on Friday. restore balance to JCPOA? should lift all sanctions if it wants Iran The tweet came after the Biden admin- to reverse its nuclear measures. istration a rescinded former President “U.S. acknowledged Pompeo’s claims Donald Trump’s restoration of all U.N. See page 3 regarding Resolution 2231 had no legal sanctions on Iran. validity. We agree. In compliance with Continued on page 3 Persian Gulf Arab states seek to usurp Iranian illumination: artist TEHRAN – Iranian illuminator Zeinab however, Turkey is also active in this Shahi, whose works have been showcased field, attracting illuminations created in several international events across the by Iranian artists.” world, has said that the Persian Gulf Arab “But, they want Iranian artworks with- states are seeking to usurp Iranian illu- out the signatures of their creators.
    [Show full text]
  • Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, Edited by Hans Georg Gebel and Stefan K
    ex oriente e.V. Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment Editors-in-Chief: Hans Georg K. Gebel and Reinder Neef Vol. 1 Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, edited by Hans Georg Gebel and Stefan K. Kozlowski (1994) (44 contributions, IV + 601 pages, 270 figures, 16 plates, 89 tables, paperback - 65 Euro) [ISBN 978-3-98042410-3] Vol. 2 Die neolithische Keramik aus Abu Thawwab, Jordanien (with English Summary), by Daif‘allah Obeidat (XIII + 186 (1995) pages, 62 figs., 9 tables, paperback - 28 Euro) [ISBN 978-3-98042411-0] Vol. 3 Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, and Their Contemporaries in Adjacent Regions, (1996) edited by Stefan K. Kozlowski and Hans Georg K. Gebel (39 contrib., IV + 460 pages, 214 figs., 21 plates, 52 tables, paperback - 80 Euro) [ISBN 978-3-98042412-7] Vol. 4 The Prehistory of Jordan, II: Perspectives from 1997, edited by Hans Georg K. Gebel, Zeidan Kafafi and Gary O. (1996) Rollefson (49 contributions, III + 662 pages, 207 figures, 46 plates, 153 tables, paperback - 95 Euro) [ISBN 978-3-98042413-4] Vol. 5 Central Settlements in Neolithic Jordan. Proceedings of the Symposium Held in Petra, July 1997, edited by (2004) Hans-Dieter Bienert, Hans Georg K. Gebel and Reinder Neef (21 contributions, XIV + 300 pages, 82 figures/diagrams, 12 tables, 36 plates incl. 2 colour plates, paperback, 48 Euro) [ISBN 3-98042414-1] Vol. 6 The Dawn of Farming in the Near East, edited by René T.J. Cappers and Sytze Bottema (16 contributions, I + 189 (2002) pages, 52 figures, 11 tables, paperback - 38 Euro) [ISBN 978-3-98042415-8] Vol.
    [Show full text]