An Interpretation of Michelangelo's Creation of Adam Based On

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Interpretation of Michelangelo's Creation of Adam Based On wellcorps.com News To Use: The Creation An Interpretation Of Michelangelo’s Creation Of Adam Based On Neuroanatomy By Frank Lynn Meshberger, MD The Creation of Adam (1508-1512) on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel has long been recognized as one of the world’s great art treasures. In 1990 Frank Lynn Meshberger, M.D. described what millions had overlooked for centuries — an anatomically accurate image of the human brain was portrayed behind God. On close examination, borders in the painting correlate with sulci in the inner and outer surface of the brain, the brain stem, the basilar artery, the pituitary gland and the optic chiasm. God’s hand does not touch Adam, yet Adam is already alive as if the spark of life is being transmitted across a synaptic cleft. Below the right arm of God is a sad angel in an area of the brain that is sometimes activated on PET scans when someone experiences a sad thought. God is superimposed over the limbic system, the emotional center of the brain and possibly the anatomical counterpart of the human soul. God’s right arm extends to the prefrontal cortex, the most creative and most uniquely human region of the brain. The brilliant Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo After the divine part has well %XRQDUURWL SDLQWHG PDJQLÀFHQW IUHVFRHV RQ WKH FHLOLQJ RI conceived WKH 9DWLFDQ·V 6LVWLQH &KDSHO ODERULQJ IURP WR Man’s face and gesture, soon both &RPPLVVLRQHGE\3RSH-XOLXV,,0LFKHODQJHORSHUIRUPHGWKLV mind and hand, ZRUN KLPVHOI ZLWKRXW DVVLVWDQFH 6FKRODUV GHEDWH ZKHWKHU :LWKDFKHDSPRGHOÀUVWDWWKHLU KH KDG DQ\ JXLGDQFH IURP WKH &KXUFK LQ WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI command, WKH VFHQHV DQG ZKDW PHDQLQJ WKH VFHQHV ZHUH WR FRQYH\ Give life to stone, but this is not ,QWKHIUHVFRWUDGLWLRQDOO\FDOOHGWKHCreation of Adam, but achieved which might be more aptly titled the Endowment of Adam, I By skill. In painting, too, this is EHOLHYHWKDW0LFKHODQJHORHQFRGHGDVSHFLDOPHVVDJH,WLVD perceived: PHVVDJHFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKRXJKWVKHH[SUHVVHGLQKLVVRQQHWV Only after the intellect has planned Supreme in sculpture and painting, he understood that his The best and highest, can the ready VNLOOZDVLQKLVEUDLQDQGQRWLQKLVKDQGV+HEHOLHYHGWKDW hand WKH´GLYLQHSDUWµZH´UHFHLYHµIURP*RGLVWKH´LQWHOOHFWµ Take up the brush and try all things ,QWKHIROORZLQJVRQQHW0LFKHODQJHORH[SODLQVKRZKHFUHDWHV received. VFXOSWXUHDQGSDLQWLQJDQGKRZ,EHOLHYH*RGKLPVHOIJDYH PDQWKHJLIWRILQWHOOHFW1: 7KHVFXOSWXUHDQGSDLQWLQJRI0LFKHODQJHORUHÁHFWWKHJUHDW NQRZOHGJH RI DQDWRP\ WKDW KH DFTXLUHG E\ SHUIRUPLQJ GLVVHFWLRQVRIWKHKXPDQERG\+LVH[SHULHQFHLQGLVVHFWLRQ is documented in Lives of the Artists, written by his FRQWHPSRUDU\*HRUJLR9DVDUL9DVDULVD\V´)RUWKHFKXUFK RI 6DQWR 6SLULWR LQ )ORUHQFH 0LFKHODQJHOR PDGH D FUXFLÀ[ RI ZRRG ZKLFK ZDV SODFHG DERYH WKH OXQHWWH RI WKH KLJK DOWDUZKHUHLWVWLOOLV+HPDGHWKLVWRSOHDVHWKHSULRUZKR SODFHGURRPVDWKLVGLVSRVDOZKHUH0LFKHODQJHORYHU\RIWHQ XVHGWRÁD\GHDGERGLHVLQRUGHUWRGLVFRYHUWKHVHFUHWVRI DQDWRP\µ The Creation of AdamIUHVFRVKRZV$GDPDQG*RGUHDFKLQJ WRZDUG RQH DQRWKHU DUPV RXWVWUHWFKHG ÀQJHUV DOPRVW WRXFKLQJ2QHFDQLPDJLQHWKHVSDUNRIOLIHMXPSLQJIURP *RGWR$GDPDFURVVWKDWV\QDSVHEHWZHHQWKHLUÀQJHUWLSV +RZHYHU$GDPLVDOUHDG\DOLYHKLVH\HVDUHRSHQDQGKH )LJXUH LVFRPSOHWHO\IRUPHGEXWLWLVWKHLQWHQWRIWKHSLFWXUHWKDW $GDPLVWR´UHFHLYHµVRPHWKLQJIURP*RG,EHOLHYHWKHUHLV DWKLUG´PDLQFKDUDFWHUµLQWKHIUHVFRWKDWKDVQRWSUHYLRXVO\ EHHQ UHFRJQL]HG , ZRXOG OLNH WR VKRZ WKLV E\ ORRNLQJ DW IRXU WUDFLQJV )LJXUHV WKURXJK DQG E\ UHYLHZLQJ JURVV QHXURDQDWRP\XVLQJZRUNVE\)UDQN1HWWHU0'LOOXVWUDWRURI The CIBA Collection of Medical Illustrations, Volume I — The Nervous System )LJXUH 3URFHHGLQJ WR WKH QHXURDQDWRP\ )LJXUH VKRZV D VDJJLWDO VHFWLRQ RI WKH VNXOO WKH EUDLQ ZKLFK OLHV LQ WKH FUDQLXP WDNHV LWV VKDSH IURP LW 6WXG\ WKH SLFWXUH WR JDLQ DQ RYHUDOO LPSUHVVLRQ RI WKH VKDSH RI WKH FUDQLXP )LJXUH )LJXUH )LJXUH )LJXUHVKRZVWKHOHIWODWHUDODVSHFWRIWKHEUDLQDQGLOOXVWUDWHV ([DPLQH )LJXUHV DQG WR VHH LI WKHUH LV DQ\ VLPLODULW\ WKHVXOFLDQGJ\ULWKDWDUHSUHVHQWLQWKHKHPLVSKHUHV7KH EHWZHHQWKHP([DPLQH)LJXUHVDQGDQGGHFLGHLIWKHVH ÀVVXUH RI 6LOYLXV RU ODWHUDO FHUHEUDO ÀVVXUH VHSDUDWHV WKH ÀJXUHVDUHVLPLODURUGLVVLPLODU7DNHHQRXJKWLPHLQVSHFWLQJ IURQWDOOREHIURPWKHWHPSRUDOOREH)LJXUHLVDWUDFLQJRI WKHÀJXUHVVRWKDW\RXUPLQGPD\IRUPLWVRZQLPDJHRIWKHP WKLVLOOXVWUDWLRQ QRWHG ,PPHGLDWHO\ LQ IURQW RI WKH SLWXLWDU\ JODQG LV WKH FURVVVHFWLRQRIWKHRSWLFFKLDVP)LJXUHLVGHULYHGIURP )LJXUHE\UHPRYLQJERWKWKHFHUHEHOOXPDQGWKHPLGEUDLQ VWUXFWXUHVLQIHULRUWRWKHJ\UXVFLQJXOLDQGURWDWLQJWKHVSLQDO FRUGSRVWHULRUO\IURPWKHVWDQGDUGDQDWRPLFSRVLWLRQ )LJXUHLVWKHLQIHULRUVXUIDFHRIWKHEUDLQ)URPWKHRSWLF chiasm, the optic nerves extend rostrally, and the optic tracts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vertebral artery bends abruptly around the articular process RI WKH DWODV DQG PDNHV DQRWKHU DEUXSW EHQG WR HQWHU WKH FUDQLDOFDYLW\WKURXJKWKHIRUDPHQPDJQXPZKHUHLWMRLQV )LJXUH WKHRWKHUYHUWHEUDODUWHU\WRIRUPWKHEDVLODUDUWHU\ SDULHWDOOREHLVGLYLGHGLQWRWKHFXQHXVDQGOLQJXODUJ\UXV 7KHSLWXLWDU\JODQGLVVHHQO\LQJLQWKHSLWXLWDU\IRVVDWKH IDFWWKDWWKHSLWXLWDU\LVELOREHGFDQEHVHHQJURVVO\7KH SRQV WKH EXOERXV XSZDUG H[WHQVLRQ RI WKH VSLQDO FRUG LV )LJXUH )LJXUH )LJXUH +DYLQJVWXGLHGWKHVHLPDJHVRIQHXURDQDWRP\SURFHHGWR RI WKH SRQV 7KH EDFN RI WKH DQJHO H[WHQGLQJ ODWHUDOO\ Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam )LJXUH DQGORRNDWWKH EHORZ*RGUHSUHVHQWVWKHSRQVDQGWKHDQJHO·VKLSDQGOHJ LPDJHWKDWVXUURXQGV*RGDQGWKHDQJHOV UHSUHVHQW WKH VSLQDO FRUG 7KH SLWXLWDU\ VWDON DQG JODQG DUHGHSLFWHGE\WKHOHJDQGIRRWRIWKHDQJHOWKDWH[WHQGV 7KLVLPDJHKDVWKHVKDSHRIDEUDLQ EHORZWKHEDVHRIWKHSLFWXUH1RWHWKDWWKHIHHWRIERWK )LJXUH VKRZV WKDW )LJXUH LV REWDLQHG E\ WUDFLQJ WKH *RGDQG$GDPKDYHÀYHWRHVKRZHYHUWKHDQJHO·VOHJWKDW RXWHUVKHOODQGWKHVXOFXV)LJXUHVKRZVWKDW)LJXUHLVD UHSUHVHQWVWKHSLWXLWDU\VWDONDQGJODQGKDVDELÀGIRRW7KLV WUDFLQJRIWKHRXWHUVKHOODQGRIPDMRUOLQHVLQWKHIUHVFRRI VDPHDQJHO·VULJKWOHJLVÁH[HGDWWKHKLSDQGNQHHWKHWKLJK *RGDQGWKHDQJHOV7KHUHIRUH)LJXUHVDQGDUHWUDFLQJV represents the optic nerve, the knee the transected optic RIQHXURDQDWRP\GUDZQE\)UDQN1HWWHUDQG)LJXUHVDQG FKLDVPDQGWKHOHJWKHRSWLFWUDFW DUHWUDFLQJVIURPWKHCreation of AdamE\0LFKHODQJHOR 7KH LPSRUWDQW SRLQW KRZHYHU LV QRW WR LGHQWLI\ PLQXWH 7KHVXOFXVFLQJXOLH[WHQGVDORQJWKHKLSRIWKHDQJHOLQIURQW QHXURDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUHVLQWKHIUHVFREXWWRVHHWKDWWKH RI*RGDFURVV*RG·VVKRXOGHUVDQGGRZQ*RG·VOHIWDUP ODUJHULPDJHHQFRPSDVVLQJ*RGLVFRPSDWLEOHZLWKDEUDLQ H[WHQGLQJRYHU(YH·VIRUHKHDG7KHÁRZLQJJUHHQUREHDW 0LFKHODQJHORSRUWUD\VWKDWZKDW*RGLVJLYLQJWR$GDPLVWKH the base represents the vertebral artery in its upward course intellect, and thus man is able to “plan the best and highest” as it twists and turns around the articular process and then DQGWR´WU\DOOWKLQJVUHFHLYHGµ PDNHVFRQWDFWZLWKDQGSURFHHGVDORQJWKHLQIHULRUVXUIDFH )LJXUH )LJXUH References 1.7XVLDQDL-The Complete Poems of Michelangelo1HZ<RUN1<1RRQGD\3UHVV 2.9DVDUL*%XOO*WUDQVLives of the Artists0LGGOHVH[(QJODQG3HQJXLQ&ODVVLFV 7KHDERYHDUWLFOHDSSHDUHGLQWKH2FWREHUHGLWLRQRI-$0$®7KH-RXUQDORIWKH$PHULFDQ0HGLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQ9ROXPH1R 7KHGUDZLQJVE\)UDQN1HWWHU0' )LJXUHVDQG ZHUHUHSURGXFHGIURPWKLVDUWLFOH :HOOFRUSV,QWHUQDWLRQDOZLVKHVWRH[SUHVVRXUVLQFHUHJUDWLWXGHWR'U)UDQN0HVKEHUJHUIRUKDYLQJWKHFOHDUDQGREMHFWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHWRFRUUHODWH KLVPDQ\\HDUVRIPHGLFDOWUDLQLQJDQGNQRZOHGJHLQWRDQREMHFWLYL]HGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIRQHRIWKHZRUOG·VJUHDWDUWWUHDVXUHVDQGJLIWV³DOORZLQJ XVDJOLPSVHLQWRWKHPLQGRIDVSLULWXDODUWLVWLFJHQLXVZKRDVNVXVWRVHHEH\RQGWKHERXQGVRIUHOLJLRQLQWRWKHGHHSHUPHDQLQJRIWKHFRVPRV.
Recommended publications
  • Sin. Systematic Theology.Wayne Grudem
    Systematic Theology Wayne Grudem Chapter 24! SIN What is sin? Where did it come from? Do we inherit a sinful nature from Adam? Do we inherit guilt from Adam? EXPLANATION AND SCRIPTURAL BASIS A. The Definition of Sin The history of the human race as presented in Scripture is primarily a history of man in a state of sin and rebellion against God and of God’s plan of redemption to bring man back to himself. Therefore, it is appropriate now to consider the nature of the sin that separates man from God. We may define sin as follows: Sin is any failure to conform to the moral law of God in act, attitude, or nature. Sin is here defined in relation to God and his moral law. Sin includes not only individual acts such as stealing or lying or committing murder, but also attitudes that are contrary to the attitudes God requires of us. We see this already in the Ten Commandments, which not only prohibit sinful actions but also wrong attitudes: “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his manservant or maidservant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor” (Ex. 20:17 NIV). Here God specifies that a desire to steal or to commit adultery is also sin in his sight. The Sermon on the Mount also prohibits sinful attitudes such as anger (Matt. 5:22) or lust (Matt. 5:28). Paul lists attitudes such as jealousy, anger, and selfishness (Gal. 5:20) as things that are works of the flesh opposed to the desires of the Spirit (Gal.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fall of Satan in the Thought of St. Ephrem and John Milton
    Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 3.1, 3–27 © 2000 [2010] by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Gorgias Press THE FALL OF SATAN IN THE THOUGHT OF ST. EPHREM AND JOHN MILTON GARY A. ANDERSON HARVARD DIVINITY SCHOOL CAMBRIDGE, MA USA ABSTRACT In the Life of Adam and Eve, Satan “the first-born” refused to venerate Adam, the “latter-born.” Later writers had difficulty with the tale because it granted Adam honors that were proper to Christ (Philippians 2:10, “at the name of Jesus, every knee should bend.”) The tale of Satan’s fall was then altered to reflect this Christological sensibility. Milton created a story of Christ’s elevation prior to the creation of man. Ephrem, on the other hand, moved the story to Holy Saturday. In Hades, Death acknowledged Christ as the true first- born whereas Satan rejected any such acclamation. [1] For some time I have pondered the problem of Satan’s fall in early Jewish and Christian sources. My point of origin has been the justly famous account found in the Life of Adam and Eve (hereafter: Life).1 1 See G. Anderson, “The Exaltation of Adam and the Fall of Satan,” Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 6 (1997): 105–34. 3 4 Gary A. Anderson I say justly famous because the Life itself existed in six versions- Greek, Latin, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic, and Coptic (now extant only in fragments)-yet the tradition that the Life drew on is present in numerous other documents from Late Antiquity.2 And one should mention its surprising prominence in Islam-the story was told and retold some seven times in the Koran and was subsequently subject to further elaboration among Muslim exegetes and storytellers.3 My purpose in this essay is to carry forward work I have already done on this text to the figures of St.
    [Show full text]
  • “For This Ordinance Belongeth to My House”: the Practice of Baptism for the Dead Outside the Nauvoo Temple
    Alexander L. Baugh: Baptism for the Dead Outside Temples 47 “For This Ordinance Belongeth to My House”: The Practice of Baptism for the Dead Outside the Nauvoo Temple Alexander L. Baugh The Elders’ Journal of July 1838, published in Far West, Missouri, includ- ed a series of twenty questions related to Mormonism. The answers to the questions bear the editorial pen of Joseph Smith. Question number sixteen posed the following query: “If the Mormon doctrine is true, what has become of all those who have died since the days of the apostles?” The Prophet answered, “All those who have not had an opportunity of hearing the gospel, and being administered to by an inspired man in the flesh, must have it hereafter before they can be finally judged.”1 The Prophet’s thought is clear—the dead must have someone in mortality administer the saving ordinances for them to be saved in the kingdom of God. Significantly, the answer given by the Prophet marks his first known statement concerning the doctrine of vicari- ous work for the dead. However, it was not until more than two years later that the principle was put into practice.2 On 15 August 1840, Joseph Smith preached the funeral sermon of Seymour Brunson during which time he declared for the first time the doc- trine of baptism for the dead.3 Unfortunately, there are no contemporary accounts of the Prophet’s discourse. However, Simon Baker was present at the funeral services and later stated that during the meeting the Prophet read extensively from 1 Corinthians 15, then noted a particular widow in the congregation whose son had died without baptism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Term “Endowment” Where Do We Get It?
    1 The Term “Endowment” where do we get it? Question of the week: “I was wondering if you could do a study on what has been called by some as ‘the endowment’. What is the endowment? Will we be endowed with ‘powers’ after Christ returns? If so, what powers? Did the endowment already occur? Is the endowment only mentioned in various latter-day revelation (that may or may not be inspired)? If so, which revelations?” As alluded to, the English term “Endow” is not a very common word in the scriptures. It’s only found once in the Old Testament and it means to “obtain in exchange” “give a dowry”. “Endued” is found an additional 5 times in the scriptures and is used to convey that the Holy Spirit is given as a gift from God. As the questioner points out, purported revelations of Joseph Smith do mention they were to be endowed. To the point of one of the questions, during the time period when the Book of Mormon came forth the word “endowment” was used outside the church to reflect a gift or blessing by God. Key verse: Luke 24 : 49 And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you : but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued* with power from on high . Strong's G1746 - endyō Endued: array, clothe (with), endue, have (put) on. Endue definition , to invest or endow with some gift, quality, or faculty. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/endue Endowment: That which is given or bestowed on the person or mind by the creator ; Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828 .
    [Show full text]
  • Janson. History of Art. Chapter 16: The
    16_CH16_P556-589.qxp 12/10/09 09:16 Page 556 16_CH16_P556-589.qxp 12/10/09 09:16 Page 557 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER The High Renaissance in Italy, 1495 1520 OOKINGBACKATTHEARTISTSOFTHEFIFTEENTHCENTURY , THE artist and art historian Giorgio Vasari wrote in 1550, Truly great was the advancement conferred on the arts of architecture, painting, and L sculpture by those excellent masters. From Vasari s perspective, the earlier generation had provided the groundwork that enabled sixteenth-century artists to surpass the age of the ancients. Later artists and critics agreed Leonardo, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giorgione, and with Vasari s judgment that the artists who worked in the decades Titian were all sought after in early sixteenth-century Italy, and just before and after 1500 attained a perfection in their art worthy the two who lived beyond 1520, Michelangelo and Titian, were of admiration and emulation. internationally celebrated during their lifetimes. This fame was For Vasari, the artists of this generation were paragons of their part of a wholesale change in the status of artists that had been profession. Following Vasari, artists and art teachers of subse- occurring gradually during the course of the fifteenth century and quent centuries have used the works of this 25-year period which gained strength with these artists. Despite the qualities of between 1495 and 1520, known as the High Renaissance, as a their births, or the differences in their styles and personalities, benchmark against which to measure their own. Yet the idea of a these artists were given the respect due to intellectuals and High Renaissance presupposes that it follows something humanists.
    [Show full text]
  • TEMPLE RITUAL ALTERED Mormon Leaders Delete Some of the “Most Sacred” Parts of Ceremony
    Salt Lake City Messenger UTAH LIGHTHOUSE MINISTRY Issue No. 75 PO BOX 1884, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84110 July 1990 TEMPLE RITUAL ALTERED Mormon Leaders Delete Some of the “Most Sacred” Parts of Ceremony In response to Fawn M. Brodie’s book, No Man Knows My History, the noted Mormon apologist Hugh Nibley declared: Yet of all churches in the world only this one has not found it necessary to readjust any part of its doctrine in the last hundred years. How does Brodie explain the fact that the doctrine which she claims was the haphazard outgrowth of complete opportunism remains the most stable on earth? (No Ma’am That’s Not History, 1946, pp. 46-47) Although most Mormons have always placed a great deal of weight in Dr. Nibley’s arguments, recent developments within the church itself will undoubtedly cause many to wonder about his claims concerning doctrinal stability. The New York Times gave this startling report in an article which begins on the first page of the issue dated May 3, 1990: The Mormon Church has changed some of its most sacred rituals, eliminating parts of the largely secret ceremonies that President Ezra Taft Benson have been viewed as offensive to women and to members of some other faiths. “Because the temple ceremony is sacred to us, we don’t Last month the church . quietly dropped from its speak about it except in the most general terms,” said Beverly temple rituals a vow in which women pledged obedience to Campbell, the East Coast director for public communications their husbands .
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Christian Doctrine: Original Sin
    The Great Christian Doctrine: Original Sin By Paul Helm September 1, 2004: https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/the-great-christian-doctrine This article appears as a chapter in A God-Entranced Vision of All Things. Piper, John and Justin Taylor. A God Entranced Vision of All Things: The Legacy of Jonathan Edwards. Wheaton: Crossway, 2004. 290 pages. This book can be purchased for $25.00 on Amazon.ca Introduction Jonathan Edwards was a tense, highly focused, and very intelligent man, a person of many parts. Ambitious too, while reserved and austere, as he himself recognized. Not just a preacher and revivalist, as he has come to be known to us through evangelical tradition, but a theologian, a philosopher, and a scientist. Part of the romance — or tragedy — of Edwards’s life is that he took it upon himself to play radically different roles at one and the same time. But he seems to have played each of these roles with characteristic thoroughness and commitment. So it was at Stockbridge (where he moved in 1751) during the years in which he composed The Great Christian Doctrine of Original Sin (page references provided in the main text are to volume 3 of The Works of Jonathan Edwards, [Yale University Press, 1970]) At the same time that he was still feuding with people from the Northampton church from which he had recently (in 1750) been dismissed, he was preaching to the Indians and fearfully preparing for war with other Indians (for a time Stockbridge became a stockade), while at the same time attempting to gain their confidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Handout 2: Saints Sacrificed to Help Each Other Receive the Endowment
    LATTER-DAY SAINT HISTORY: 1815–1846 TEACHER MATERIAL—LESSON 28: THE SAINTS COMPLETE THE NAUVOO TEMPLE, AND MANY SAINTS ARE ENDOWED AND SEALED Handout 2: Saints Sacrificed to Help Each Other Receive the Endowment On November 30, 1845, Brigham Young dedicated the attic of the Nauvoo Temple, and on December 10, 1845, temple endowments began to be administered. Erastus Snow recalled: “On the twelfth of December, myself and [my] wife, Artimesia, received the first ordinance of endowments, and were called to labor and administer in the temple from that time forth; and I departed not from the temple, day or night, but continued in the labors and duties thereof—with the twelve and others selected for this purpose—about six weeks. Mrs Snow continued . about a month” (“From Nauvoo to Salt Lake in the Van of the Pioneers: The Original Diary of Erastus Snow,” ed. Moroni Snow, Improvement Era, Feb. 1911, 285). Elizabeth Ann Whitney wrote: “I gave myself, my time and attention to that mission. I worked in the Temple every day without cessation until it was closed” (“A Leaf from an Autobiography,” Woman’s Exponent, Feb. 15, 1879, 191). Mercy Fielding Thompson recorded that she “was called by President Young to take up my abode there [in the temple] to assist in the female department, which I did, laboring night and day, keeping my child with me” (in Matthew S. McBride, A House for the Most High: The Story of the Original Nauvoo Temple [2007], 285). President Brigham Young recalled: “Such was the anxiety manifested by the Saints to receive the ordinances of endowments, and no less on our part to have them [receive them], that I gave myself up entirely to the work of the Lord in the Temple.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Scriptural Data to Calculate a Range-Qualified Chronology from Adam to Abraham
    Using Scriptural Data to Calculate a Range-Qualified Chronology from Adam to Abraham With Comments on Why the "Open"-or-"Closed" Genealogy Question Is Chronometrically Irrelevant By: Thomas D. Ice, Th.M., Ph.D. Director, Pre-Trib Research Center Adjunct Professor, Tyndale Theological Seminary James J. Scofield Johnson, Th.D., D.C.Ed. Master Faculty, LeTourneau University Biblical Languages Instructor, Cross Timbers Institute Presented at the Southwest Regional Meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society at The Criswell College in Dallas, Texas on March 1, 2002. And God said, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and for years...." (Genesis 1:14) I. Introductory Overview God intended that His human creatures would be able to use the sun to calculate time on Earth, in years.1 The regular amount of time used when the Earth orbits around the sun is called a "year."2 Because earthly sun-orbits recur on a regular3 basis (and that is reliable and true because God made it to be so), years are a reliable and true time-unit for quantifying time on the Earth.4 The physical universe exists in space, time, and matter-energy (the latter category being a more technical name for "stuff"). God made time "in the beginning," at the same time when He made space and matter-energy. God works in time, not because He must but because He wanted to. God made mankind to live, on Earth, inside time (and space and stuff).
    [Show full text]
  • The Divine Wisdom of Michelangelo in "The Creation of Adam" Author(S): Maria Rzepińska Source: Artibus Et Historiae, Vol
    The Divine Wisdom of Michelangelo in "The Creation of Adam" Author(s): Maria Rzepińska Source: Artibus et Historiae, Vol. 15, No. 29 (1994), pp. 181-187 Published by: IRSA s.c. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1483492 . Accessed: 28/08/2011 13:02 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. IRSA s.c. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Artibus et Historiae. http://www.jstor.org MARIARZEPINSKA The Divine Wisdom of Michelangelo in The Creationof Adam The reemergence of long obscured details in Michel- Jesus from the Doni Tondo,de Tolnaysays, and he concludes angelo's newly cleaned frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine that just as the female figure is the idea of Eve, so the putto is Chapel has prompted fresh interest in the ideological pro- the idea of Christ.3Michelangelo thus intended to convey the gram as a whole.' The focus of this article is one such detail in Platonic view that these two ideas had already preexisted in The Creation of Adam [Figs. 1-2]. This is a female figure sur- God's mind.4 rounded by smaller figures enveloped in the windblown Another interpretation of the puzzling female figure has mantle of the Creator,and identifiableas putti or angels.
    [Show full text]
  • The Response to Joseph Smith's Innovations in the Second
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2011 Recreating Religion: The Response to Joseph Smith’s Innovations in the Second Prophetic Generation of Mormonism Christopher James Blythe Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, Religion Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Blythe, Christopher James, "Recreating Religion: The Response to Joseph Smith’s Innovations in the Second Prophetic Generation of Mormonism" (2011). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 916. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/916 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RECREATING RELIGION: THE RESPONSE TO JOSEPH SMITH’S INNOVATIONS IN THE SECOND PROPHETIC GENERATION OF MORMONISM by Christopher James Blythe A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: _________________________ _________________________ Philip L. Barlow, ThD Daniel J. McInerney, PhD Major Professor Committee Member _________________________ _________________________ Richard Sherlock, PhD Byron R. Burnham, EdD Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2010 ii Copyright © Christopher James Blythe 2010 All rights reserved. iii ABSTRACT Recreating Religion: The Response to Joseph Smith’s Innovations in the Second Prophetic Generation of Mormonism by Christopher James Blythe, Master of Arts Utah State University, 2010 Major Professor: Philip Barlow Department: History On June 27, 1844, Joseph Smith, the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was assassinated.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Art and the Beatitudes Obedience
    The Creation of Adam BY MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI (C. 1511) Michelangelo Buonarroti, “The Creation of Adam.” Circa 1511. Fresco. Sistine Chapel, Apostolic Palace, Vatican City. DIGITAL IMAGES AVAILABLE AT WWW.SOPHIAINSTITUTEFORTEACHERS.ORG Sacred Art and the Beatitudes Our Ultimate End Is Heaven The Creation of Adam, by Michelangelo Buonarroti (c. 1511) Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss them with your classmates. Conversation Questions 1. Whom do you see in this fresco, and what appears to be happening? 2. What do you notice about the colors the artist chose? How does the light look? Where is it coming from? 3. What are some feelings that this painting inspires in you? 4. How does Adam’s posture differ from the Father’s? 5. Why do you think Michelangelo painted the Father’s hand and Adam’s hand almost, but not quite, touching? 6. Who do you think are the figures with the Father? Why do you think so? 7. Read Genesis 1:26-27. How does this painting enhance your understanding of these verses? 8. Some physicians have suggested that the shape behind God the Father resembles the outline of a human brain. If this is true, why might Michelangelo have painted it that way? 9. How does this painting depict the ultimate end for which we are created? © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS 3 The Calling of St. Matthew BY CARAVAGGIO (C. 1599-1600) Caravaggio, The Calling of St.
    [Show full text]