Entire Issue As One PDF File for Offline Reading

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Entire Issue As One PDF File for Offline Reading 1/28/2021 Issue 36 – January, 2021 – NAEPC Journal of Estate & Tax Planning Issue 36 – January, 2021 NAEPC Journal of Estate & Tax Planning New! Download the entire issue as one PDF file for offline reading. Welcome Letter from the NAEPC Incoming President Author: William D. Kirchick, Esq., AEP® Editor’s Note: Estate Planning in the Face of Uncertainty An introduction from the new editor of the NAEPC Journal of Estate & Tax Planning. Author: Ryan P. Laughlin, CPA, JD, MST, AEP® Growing Your Business and Network in a Virtual World: A Multidisciplinary Panel Discussion (Video) This 90-minute multi-disciplinary panel discussion teaches back-to-basics strategies for interacting with clients in the rapidly growing virtual space from experts in the technology, legal, trust, insurance and financial planning, philanthropic, and accounting practice areas. Learn more about the Robert G. Alexander Webinar Series. Moderator: Martin M. Shenkman, CPA/PFS, MBA, JD, AEP® (Distinguished) Features Estate Planning for the 99 Percent: With No Estate Tax, Consider Income Tax, Financial and Personal Objectives (PDF) An overview of the new reality in financial and estate planning for the vast majority of clients Author: Steven Siegel, JD, LL.M. (taxation) After the Georgia Runoff, What Tax Planning Should You Do NOW! (PDF) Timely and important commentary that examines the estate and income tax planning considerations advisors should be discussing with clients. Reproduced courtesy of Leimberg Information Services, Inc. (LISI) Authors: Robert S. Keebler, CPA/PFS, MST, AEP® (Distinguished), CGMA; Jonathan Blattmachr, JD, AEP® (Distinguished); and Martin Shenkman, CPA/PFS, MBA, JD, AEP® (Distinguished) Situs Your Trust in a First-Tier Trust Jurisdiction (PDF) A brief overview and important reminder that not all trust jurisdictions are created equal. Reproduced courtesy of The Ultimate Estate Planner, Inc. Authors: Steven J. Oshins, JD, AEP® (Distinguished) and Mark Dreschler https://www.naepcjournal.org/issue/36/ 1/3 1/28/2021 Issue 36 – January, 2021 – NAEPC Journal of Estate & Tax Planning How COVID-19 and Interest Rates Affect Life Insurance (PDF) An industry expert discussess two major developments in 2020 that you should be aware of now. Reproduced courtesy of Trusts and Estates Author: Richard L. Harris, CLU®, AEP® Thirty-two Core Beliefs (PDF) Holistic ways for practitioners to achieve a good estate-planning result. Author: L. Paul Hood, Jr., JD, LL.M. (taxation), CFRE, FCEP The Human Side of Estate Planning: Part 1 (PDF) The first installment of an important three-part series. The second and third installments will appear in our next issue. Author: L. Paul Hood, Jr., JD, LL.M. (taxation), CFRE, FCEP Spirit of Holiday Giving Can Infuse Your Estate Plan (PDF) Marty gives an important reminder that estate planning is not just about transmitting wealth but also transmitting values. Initially published in Forbes.com Author: Martin Shenkman, CPA/PFS, MBA, JD, AEP® (Distinguished) Understanding Grantor Trusts (PDF) An in-depth history and review of grantor trust rules, history, and tips on identifying a grantor trust. Author: Steven Siegel, JD, LL.M. (taxation) Planning for the Personal Injury Attorney’s Client (PDF) Considerations when planning for a client’s settlement and how to protect any benefits being received. Author: Karen Dunivan Konvicka, JD 4 Reasons Why Right Now Is The Best Time To Gift A Closely Held Business (PDF) Author: Audra M. Moncur, CPA/ABV News Nook: A Compendium of Current Affairs The Improved Power to Plan: NY Amends Its Power of Attorney Forms and Laws (PDF) An overview of planning considerations under new law in 2021 in New York. Authors: Brian M. Balduzzi, Esq., LL.M. (taxation), MBA, CFP® and Alan D. Kroll, Esq. Key Business Valuations Addressed by Tax Court (PDF) Summary of a recent key valuation case that validates a valuator ’s https://www.naepcjournal.org/issue/36/ 2/3 1/28/2021 Issue 36 – January, 2021 – NAEPC Journal of Estate & Tax Planning approach and method of valuation. Reproduced courtesy of Leimberg Information Services, Inc. (LISI) Authors: Evan Levine, ChFC® and Nainesh Shah, CFA New Actuarial Tables are Coming (PDF) Commentary regarding pending release of new actuarial tables by the IRS. Reproduced courtesy of Leimberg Information Services, Inc. (LISI) Author: Lawrence P. Katzenstein, JD, AEP® (Distinguished) Steve Oshins Releases 9th Annual Dynasty Trust State Rankings Chart (PDF) An easy-to-use summary of leading Dynasty Trust states, along with expert commentary on additional benefits identified in the chart. Reproduced courtesy of Leimberg Information Services, Inc. (LISI) Author: Steven J. Oshins, JD, AEP® (Distinguished) Notes from the NYU Advanced Trusts and Estates Conference (PDF) Reproduced courtesy of Leimberg Information Services, Inc. (LISI) Author: Mary E. Vandenack, JD, CAP® NAEPC Monthly Technical Newsletter Reproduced courtesy of Leimberg Information Services, Inc. (LISI) https://www.naepcjournal.org/issue/36/ 3/3 William D. Kirchick, Esq., AEP® Nutter McClennen & Fish LLP Boston, Massachusetts Happy New Year! Welcome to another issue of the NAEPC Journal of Estate & Tax Planning! NAEPC is pleased to provide its designees, certificants, affiliated local estate planning councils, and their members with this forum, a centralized and convenient location for best-in-class thought leadership for the estate planning professional. The scholarly articles within allow a professional to stay current on planning ideas and to strengthen his/her awareness of continually changing planning opportunities, while enhancing communication and cultivating a common language between all of the disciplines within the membership. As the nation’s premier, multi-disciplinary estate planning organization, NAEPC is committed to providing members and friends with timely, pertinent education materials and I believe the NAEPC Journal of Estate & Tax Planning truly supports that pledge. I trust you will find it a compelling read and hope that you will find it useful in gaining knowledge about the latest ideas in sophisticated estate planning techniques to enable you to provide the highest quality of service available to your clients – excellence in estate planning. Being in the midst of a pandemic, NAEPC has endeavored to provide practitioners with advice on how to engage in practice management remotely. Therefore, you will find a wealth of information and articles in our COVID-19 Resource Library. We hope to display timely articles on the topic in the Journal, as well. If you have missed any of the past issues, you can find them archived right here on the Journal’s website. If you are not receiving notice of new issues directly, please be sure to subscribe. While you are with us, please take a moment to take a look at information n about upcoming educational conferences and webinars, the Accredited Estate Planner® (AEP®) designation, and Estate Planning Law Specialist certification. Best wishes for a happy and prosperous new year. Editor’s column: Early last March, our family cancelled a weekend getaway at the very last moment – the car was already packed, and the kids were in their seats. Our plans suddenly changed due to some worrisome news spreading across the country – something called COVID-19. Later that same day, our Governor issued a stay-at-home order. Little did we know that life would never be the same. The virus was clearly not the only historical or memorable event in 2020, a year that no one will ever forget. Change came fast and furious, whether you were prepared or not. As estate planners, we face constant change and uncertainty. For example, what will the Democrats do in Washington? Will the tax laws change now, next year, after the next election or via legislative “sunset” in 2026? How will government stimulus and relief packages impact our clients’ families, businesses, communities, and non-profits? What will our own industries and organizations look like in the future as a result of all the change? If I listed all the uncertainties, this column would never end! Fortunately, our profession is no stranger to change. For example, many of us have actually witnessed and can explain a “sunset” to our clients who think it’s new or not real. Although specific estate planning tools and strategies change each year, many core values and principles of estate planning do not. The content in this issue of the NAEPC Journal of Estate and Tax Planning shows that while some things always change and require adaptation, some never do and require adherence. The material includes timely and hard-hitting content about current topics and possible changes ahead. The material also includes timeless reminders that our client’s goals and objectives always come first, regardless of their net worth or tax picture. I wish to close by expressing my sincere thanks and gratitude to Susan P. Rounds, JD, CPA, LL.M. (taxation), AEP®, TEP for her significant contributions to this publication as Editor and Chair of the Publications committee; and for her service to NAEPC as a member of the Board of Directors. In March 2016, Susan authored a column that referenced the “Masters Among Us.” The Masters she referred to included NAEPC Hall of Fame members, our wonderful AEPs, and the industry members that contribute to this Journal. Many of these individuals still contribute to the Journal, including this issue. Susan truly elevated the practice of estate planning through her career and tenure with NAEPC. She must be considered a Master herself. On behalf of NAEPC and its leadership, we wish Susan the best in her future endeavors and thank her again for her tireless leadership over the years. Happy Reading! Ryan P. Laughlin, CPA, MST, JD, AEP® Editor - NAEPC Publications Committee Estate Planning for the 99 Percent: With No Estate Tax, Consider Income Tax, Financial and Personal Objectives Prepared by: Steven Siegel, JD, LLM (Taxation) © 2020 I. Overview The estate planner has new challenges—the majority of our clients’ estates will not be subject to the federal estate tax when death occurs.
Recommended publications
  • Tax Strategies for Selling Your Company by David Boatwright and Agnes Gesiko Latham & Watkins LLP
    Tax Strategies For Selling Your Company By David Boatwright and Agnes Gesiko Latham & Watkins LLP The tax consequences of an asset sale by an entity can be very different than the consequences of a sale of the outstanding equity interests in the entity, and the use of buyer equity interests as acquisition currency may produce very different tax consequences than the use of cash or other property. This article explores certain of those differences and sets forth related strategies for maximizing the seller’s after-tax cash flow from a sale transaction. Taxes on the Sale of a Business The tax law presumes that gain or loss results upon the sale or exchange of property. This gain or loss must be reported on a tax return, unless a specific exception set forth in the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) or the Treasury Department’s income tax regulations provide otherwise. When a transaction is taxable under applicable principles of income tax law, the seller’s taxable gain is determined by the following formula: the “amount realized” over the “adjusted tax basis” of the assets sold equals “taxable gain.” If the adjusted tax basis exceeds the amount realized, the seller has a “tax loss.” The amount realized is the amount paid by the buyer, including any debt assumed by the buyer. The adjusted tax basis of each asset sold is generally the amount originally paid for the asset, plus amounts expended to improve the asset (which were not deducted when paid), less depreciation or amortization deductions (if any) previously allowable with respect to the asset.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of a Consumption Tax for California
    An Analysis of a Consumption Tax for California 1 Fred E. Foldvary, Colleen E. Haight, and Annette Nellen The authors conducted this study at the request of the California Senate Office of Research (SOR). This report presents the authors’ opinions and findings, which are not necessarily endorsed by the SOR. 1 Dr. Fred E. Foldvary, Lecturer, Economics Department, San Jose State University, [email protected]; Dr. Colleen E. Haight, Associate Professor and Chair, Economics Department, San Jose State University, [email protected]; Dr. Annette Nellen, Professor, Lucas College of Business, San Jose State University, [email protected]. The authors wish to thank the Center for California Studies at California State University, Sacramento for their [email protected]; Dr. Colleen E. Haight, Associate Professor and Chair, Economics Department, San Jose State University, [email protected]; Dr. Annette Nellen, Professor, Lucas College of Business, San Jose State University, [email protected]. The authors wish to thank the Center for California Studies at California State University, Sacramento for their funding. Executive Summary This study attempts to answer the question: should California broaden its use of a consumption tax, and if so, how? In considering this question, we must also consider the ultimate purpose of a system of taxation: namely to raise sufficient revenues to support the spending goals of the state in the most efficient manner. Recent tax reform proposals in California have included a business net receipts tax (BNRT), as well as a more comprehensive sales tax. However, though the timing is right, given the increasingly global and digital nature of California’s economy, the recent 2008 recession tabled the discussion in favor of more urgent matters.
    [Show full text]
  • By Laura Saunders, Richard Rubin and the Staff of the Wall Street Journal ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    The New World of Taxes: 2019 By Laura Saunders, Richard Rubin and the staff of The Wall Street Journal ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The lead authors of this book were Laura Saunders, Richard Rubin, Theo Francis and Nick Timiraos, along with co-authors Stephanie Armour, Drew FitzGerald, Sarah Krouse, Laura Kusisto, Peter Loftus, Sarah Nassauer, Michael Rapoport, Jonathan Rockoff and Anne Tergesen. The news editor was David Marcelis and lead editor was Amber Burton. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Alimony ........................................................31 Other Deductions .................................. 32 THE BIG PICTURE Tax Rates and Brackets ........................4 RETIREMENT AND EDUCATION Standard Deduction Retirement Savings .............................34 and Personal Exemption ......................6 Retiree Tax Issues ................................. 35 Child and Dependent 529 Education- Tax Credit .......................................................8 Savings Accounts ...................................37 Withholding and Estimated Other Education Tax Payments ...........................................10 Benefits ....................................................... 39 Taxes on Investment Income ...........11 FOR BUSINESS OWNERS Alternative Minimum Tax ................. 13 Pass-Through Income ..........................41 Individual Mandate ...............................15 Interest Payments ................................ 43 Home-Sellers’ Exemption .................16 Depreciation .............................................44
    [Show full text]
  • The New 39% Tax Rate: What Happens Now?
    Tax Tips Alert | 3 December 2020 The new 39% tax rate: what happens now? On Wednesday afternoon, the Government introduced a new tax bill to Parliament under urgency, which proposes a 39% tax rate on individual income over $180,000. Given Labour’s majority in Parliament, the bill is almost With the new income tax rate, many other changes guaranteed to be passed and will be effective for the need to be made to tax legislation. This will ensure start of the 2022 income tax year. the new rate does not create distortions across the taxation of other types of personal income. The other This new rate could form part of New Zealand’s rate changes are to the: progressive tax system for years to come as the Government navigates an economic recovery, • Fringe benefit tax: The rate on amounts of commitments to public services, and budgets to service all inclusive pay over $129,681 will be 63.93% the forecast growth in Government debt. The last top to ensure consistent treatment of cash and marginal rate change was on 1 October 2010, when the non‑cash remuneration. This threshold differs from Government reduced the rate from 38% on income over the income tax threshold because it is calculated $70,000 to 33%, where it has remained since. on the after‑tax value of non‑monetary benefit i.e. taking into account PAYE which would otherwise The 2010 change harmonised the top personal rate have been paid. with the trustee rate. As those rates once again diverge, we expect to see more housekeeping and restructuring • Employer’s superannuation contribution tax and activity in advance of 1 April 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Distribution of Federal Taxes: 1975-1990
    The Changing Distribution of Federal Taxes: 1975-1990 CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE U.& CONGRESS WASHINGTON, OC. 20515 ERRATA The Changing Distribution of Federal Taxes: 1975 -1990 October 1987 The attached five pages represent corrections to details in the ref- erenced published CBO report. Readers may wish to detach the sheets and insert them at the appropriate places in the bound report. at page 42 Figure 5. Effective Federal Tax Rates by Population Decile (All taxes combined) Corporate Taxes Allocated Corporate Taxes Allocated to Capital Income to Labor Income 40 1977 Tax Law 1984 Tax Law 1988 Tax Law •? 30 1 !- i £ 10 i I 1234567 8 g 10 * - 123456789 10* Population Daciles H- *— Population Diciles *- SOURCE: Congressional Budget Office tax simulation models. NOTE: Families are ranked by the size of family income. Because family income includes the family's share of the corporate income tax, the ordering of families depends on the allocation of corporate taxes The lowest decile excludes families with zero or negative incomes. The effective tax rate is the ratio of taxes to family income in each income class. CHAPTER VI THE EFFECT OF TAX LAW CHANGES 59 TABLE 11. EFFECTIVE FEDERAL TAX RATES, BY POPULATION DECILE, WITH CONSTANT 1988 INCOMES: CORPORATE INCOME TAX ALLOCATED TO CAPITAL INCOME Individual Social Corporate Income Insurance Income Excise All Decile a/ Tax Taxes Tax Taxes Taxes Income-Indexed 1977 Tax Law First b/ -0.6 3.9 1.1 3.8 8.2 Second -0.7 4.6 1.1 3.6 8.7 Third 1.5 6.8 1.3 2.2 11.8 Fourth 3.9 7.4 1.6 2.1 14.9 Fifth 5.8 7.7
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Year-End Estate Planning Review December 2007
    ClientAdvisory 2007 Year-End Estate Planning Review December 2007 There were many developments over the past year affecting estate planning on the national, local and international levels. The Trusts and Estates Practice at Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP is pleased to provide you with a summary of some of the most significant developments, along with recommendations for you to consider at year-end and for next year. Estate, Gift and Generation-Skipping Tax Rates The top federal estate tax rate, which is 45%, will stay at that rate until 2010. In 2010, current law calls for the estate tax to be repealed, making the federal estate tax rate 0% for 2010. In 2011, current law calls for the estate tax to return, with a top rate of 55%. The top gift tax rate is scheduled to fall based on the same schedule. However, even after repeal of the estate tax (if it happens, scheduled to take place in 2010), certain gifts will remain subject to tax at the top individual income tax rate. Under the income tax rate reduction schedule provided by applicable law, the top individual income tax rate is currently (and scheduled in 2010 to be) 35%. Presumably, the gift tax rate will therefore be 35% after the repeal of the estate tax in 2010. Also, the generation-skipping tax is equal to the maximum estate tax rate. Therefore, as the estate tax rates change, the generation-skipping tax rates will change as well. Estate, Gift and Generation-Skipping Tax Exemptions The exemption from the federal estate tax, called the “applicable exclusion amount,” will be the same in 2008 as it was in 2007 – $2,000,000 per person.
    [Show full text]
  • Wealth Transfer Planning
    Wealth transfer planning WEALTH TRANSFER PLANNING Familiar landscape. New opportunities. Where do you start? In contrast to the individual income tax landscape, the wealth transfer tax-planning landscape may seem very familiar. Yet the doubling of the exclusion amount provides new opportunities for individuals to move their wealth transfer plan further down GLOBALIZATION the path before these favorable provisions sunset. TAX POLICY UPDATE RESOURCES HOME MENU 3 2019 essential tax and wealth planning guide | Part 2 Wealth transfer planning Familiar landscape. New opportunities. Familiar landscape. New opportunities. Where do you start? Familiar concepts, larger scale Where do you start? Consider paying gift WEALTH TRANSFER PLANNING taxes currently Thinking outside The transfer tax system, which includes gift, estate, and generation-skipping not have an estate greater than the applicable exclusion amount, but the box transfer taxes, has been the object of extensive political debate for the last would have if they had not engaged in wealth transfer during life. While that twenty years. Yearly bills in both the Senate and the House of Representatives number is impossible to know, it is interesting to note that in 2017, more have proposed repeal of the system outright. While the political landscape than 239,000 gift tax returns were filed reporting over $74.73 billion in gifts. necessary to accomplish outright repeal never materialized, Congress has Comparatively, the gross estates reported on the 12,700 estate tax returns twice in the last ten years delivered significant transfer tax relief by increasing filed in 2017 totaled $192.1 billion. GLOBALIZATION the applicable exclusion amount—the amount each taxpayer “excludes” from transfer taxation—from $3.5 million in 2009 to $5 million in 2010, and Of concern, however, is that the estate tax exemption increase under the from $5.49 million in 2017 to $11.18 million in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Principles and Policy: a Guide to California's Tax System
    SPECIAL REPORT IN PRINCIPLES AND POLICY: A GUIDE TO CALIFORNIA’S TAX SYSTEM April 2013 A Publication of the California Budget Project California Budget Project This report was initially written by former executive director Jean Ross and was updated by Alissa Anderson and Samar Lichtenstein. The CBP was founded in 1994 to provide Californians with a source of timely, objective, and accessible expertise on state fi scal and economic policy issues. The CBP engages in independent fi scal and policy analysis and public education with the goal of improving the economic and social well-being of low- and middle-income Californians. Support for the CBP comes from foundation grants, subscriptions, and individual contributions. Please visit the CBP’s website at www.cbp.org. California Budget Project 1107 9th Street, Suite 310 Sacramento, CA 95814 P: (916) 444-0500 F: (916) 444-0172 [email protected] www.cbp.org Table of Contents Introduction: Why We Should Care 3 What Should a Good Tax System Do? 3 The Personal Income Tax 11 The Sales and Use Tax 13 The Corporate Income Tax 15 Other State Taxes 18 Tax Administration: Why It Matters 23 Constitutional and Voter-Enacted Constraints on Tax Policymaking 24 Conclusion: Issues and Options for Reform 24 Endnotes 26 Most simply, taxes are the way governments raise the revenues necessary to support public services. While INTRODUCTION: WHY WE there is little disagreement over the purpose of state and local taxes, there is considerable controversy over what SHOULD CARE constitutes an appropriate level of taxation and how state tax systems ought to be structured.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—House H4124
    H4124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 2019 seems to be ending, society counts on cifically for his passion and commit- would like to congratulate the stu- EMS personnel to be there. They are ment to God, his family, and for edu- dents of Haverford High School for re- expected to work hard and be strong, cating the young people of our commu- ceiving the Governor’s Civic Engage- especially in times of trouble. nity. ment Award. This award is given to Madam Speaker, as a former EMT It should come as no surprise that Pennsylvania high schools that reg- rescue technician and firefighter with Lee was a beloved elementary and mid- ister over 85 percent of their eligible more than three decades of experience dle school teacher and then went on to students to vote. Haverford High was 1 being on the front lines with my fellow be my principal at Central Middle of 4 Philadelphia area schools and 1 of EMS professionals, I can personally at- School in Oroville, California, for 54 23 schools in our Commonwealth to re- test to their dedication to saving lives. years of career. Lee was known to be ceive this noteworthy award. The job of an EMS professional is not kind, with a sense of humor, and this At a time when some States are im- easy. It requires just as much compas- was one principal I was never really in posing restrictions on voting, we sion as it does courage. These men and trouble with. should all follow the lead set by the women are committed to making the Lee was devoted to teaching, but also students at Haverford High.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining an Individual's Federal
    BYU Law Review Volume 1994 | Issue 1 Article 2 3-1-1994 Determining an Individual's Federal Income Tax Liability When the Tax Benefit Rule Applies: A Fifty-Year Checkup Brings a New Prescription for Calculating Gross, Adjusted Gross, and Taxable Incomes Matthew .J Barrett Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview Part of the Taxation-Federal Commons Recommended Citation Matthew J. Barrett, Determining an Individual's Federal Income Tax Liability When the Tax Benefit Rule Applies: A Fifty-Year Checkup Brings a New Prescription for Calculating Gross, Adjusted Gross, and Taxable Incomes, 1994 BYU L. Rev. 1 (1994). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview/vol1994/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Brigham Young University Law Review at BYU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Law Review by an authorized editor of BYU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Determining an Individual's Federal Income Tax Liability When the Tax Benefit Rule Applies: A Fifty-Year Checkup Brings a New Prescription for Calculating Gross, Adjusted Gross, and Taxable Incomes Matthew J. Barrett* Fifty years ago, William T. Plumb, Jr.'s preeminent article on the tax benefit rule appeared in the Harvard Law Review.' Forty years later, the Supreme Court cited Plumb's article and decided two cases directly involving the application of the rule.2 Over the last fifty years, but especially in the last ten years, Congress has introduced numerous provisions that have increased the complexity of the Internal Revenue Code.3 These legislative developments have complicated the computation of an individual's4 federal income tax liability and increased the * Associate Professor, Notre Dame Law School.
    [Show full text]
  • DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Top Incomes in Germany, 1871-2014
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11838 Top Incomes in Germany, 1871-2014 Charlotte Bartels SEPTEMBER 2018 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11838 Top Incomes in Germany, 1871-2014 Charlotte Bartels DIW Berlin, UCFS and IZA SEPTEMBER 2018 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 11838 SEPTEMBER 2018 ABSTRACT Top Incomes in Germany, 1871-2014* This study provides new evidence on top income shares in Germany from the period of industrialization to the present. Income concentration was high in the nineteenth century, dropped sharply after World War I and during the hyperinflation years of the 1920s, and increased rapidly throughout the Nazi period beginning in the 1930s.
    [Show full text]
  • Transfer Taxes
    NCSL TABLE REAL ESTATE TRANSFER TAXES State Tax Description Rate Deeds: $0.50/$500 0.10% Alabama Mortgages: $0.15/$100 0.15% Alaska None N/A Flat real estate transfer fee: Arizona Flat fee $2.00 State transfer tax: $3.30/$1,000 (composed of two parts: real property Arkansas 0.33% transfer tax - $1.10 plus an additional tax currently at $2.20) Local optional transfer tax 0.11% $0.55/$500. 0.06% Cities within a county that implements a transfer tax can have a tax rate that is California half of the county rate, $.275/$500, and the city tax can be applied as a credit against the county tax. Real estate instrument recording fee: up to $10 Transfer tax: $.01/$100 0.01% TABOR prohibits new or increased local transfer tax rates that were not in Colorado existence prior to Jan. 14, 1% - 4% 1993. Localities’ rates that imposed taxes before TABOR vary from 1% to 4%. State conveyance tax is usually 1%; however, in lieu of that rate, it is as follows: 0.75% or 1.25%, based on value and use. The 0.75% rate applies to unimproved land, property up to $800K, and to property with 0.75% - 1.25% mortgage payments delinquent for over 6 months. The 1.25% rate applies to nonresidential property other than Connecticut unimproved land and property values over $800K. Municipal portion of transfer tax: 0.25% Any targeted investment community/municipality with a qualified manufacturing plant may impose an additional tax of up to 0.25% 0.25% State tax: 3% tax on value of property unless there is also a local transfer tax; 2.5% - 3% Delaware then the maximum rate is 2.5%.
    [Show full text]