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Heavy Ion Excitation and Photon Decay of Giant Resonances F HEAVY ION EXCITATION AND PHOTON DECAY OF GIANT RESONANCES F. Bertrand, J. Beene, T. Sjoreen To cite this version: F. Bertrand, J. Beene, T. Sjoreen. HEAVY ION EXCITATION AND PHOTON DECAY OF GIANT RESONANCES. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1984, 45 (C4), pp.C4-99-C4-114. 10.1051/jphyscol:1984410. jpa-00224075 HAL Id: jpa-00224075 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00224075 Submitted on 1 Jan 1984 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Colloque Ci, supplément au n°3, Tome 45, mars 1984 page C4-99 HEAVY ION EXCITATION AND PHOTON DECAY OF GIANT RESONANCES F.E. Bertram!, J.R. Beetle and T.P. Sjoreen Oak Ridge National Laboratory*, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 378S0, U.S.A. Résumé - On présente des résultats sur l'excitation de résonances géantes multipolaires par diffusion inélastique de 160 à 25 MeV/nucléon. On a obtenu de grandes sections efficaces d'excitation de la résonance géante quadrupolaire ainsi qu'un très grand rapport du pic de la résonance sur le continuum. Dans l'excitation des résonances géantes par 170 , la décroissance y dans la région de la résonance quadrupolaire a été mesurée. Abstract - Results are presented for excitation of giant multipole reso­ nances by inelastic scattering of 350 and 400 MeV i»0 projectiles from 90Zr and 208Pb. The giant quadrupole resonance is excited with large cross sections and a very large resonance peak to continuum ratio is obtained. Extracted cross sections agree with DWBA calculations which use standard collective model form factors. Using 380 MeV 170 to excite the giant resonances, the y-ray decay has been measured for the giant quadru­ pole resonance region of 208Pb. During the past ten years several non-dipole giant resonances have been observed and classified.1 A great deal of the successful classification of the resonances has been accomplished through the use of a variety of hadronic probes, utilizing either inelastic scattering or charge exchange reactions. The potential advan­ tages (and disadvantages) to the use of heavy ions to excite giant resonances have been pointed out previously.2 However, little data have been taken due largely to the lack of heavy ion beams having sufficient energy to provide resonance cross sections comparable with those achieved with lighter ions. Figure 1 illustrates the need for rather high energy heavy ions for giant resonance excitation. The solid curve shows the grazing angle cross section for inelastic excitation of L=2 and L=4 states at 12 MeV of excitation energy which deplete 100% of the energy weighted sum rule (EWSR). The calculations were performed using a "heavy-ion version"3 of the collective model DWBA code DWUCK. The calculated cross sections increase very rapidly with increasing beam energy. For 400 MeV (25 MeV/amu) the L=2 cross section is pre­ dicted to be nearly 50 mb/sr. Such large cross sections make the heavy ion a poten­ tially exciting probe for giant resonance studies. +Col laborators on the 0RNL work reported here are: R.L. Auble, E.E. Gross, M.L. Halbert, D.C. Hensley, D.J. Horen, R.L. Fig. 1 - Calculated grazing-angle Robinson, R.0. Sayer, and D. Shapira. cross sections for the (160,150') reaction at a variety of incident •Operated by Union Carbide Corporation energies. The calculations are under contract w-7405-eng-26 with the normalized to 100% of the L=2 and U.S. Department of Energy. L=4 sum rules. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1984410 C4-100 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE An early example4 of the excitation of giant resonances by low-energy heavy ions is shown in figure 2. These spectra are from 200 MeV 12C inelastic scattering from 208Pb. Also shown in the figure are spectra from 120 MeV alpha particle ine- lastic scattering. A peak is clearly visible in the heavy ion spectrum at - 10.6 MeV, the energy of the giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) and clearly agrees with the energy of the peak seen in the (a,a) spectrum. The - 3 mb/sr cross section for the GQR in the 12C spectrum is considerably less than that obtained for the 120-MeV inelastic alpha particle scattering. Furthermore, the peak to continuum ratio for the GQR in the 12C spectrum is considerably poorer than that for the 120 MeV a-particle spectrum. Such a small cross section is in agreement with calcula- tions similar to those shown in figure 1. In this presentation we show the results of inelastic scattering measurements of giant resonances in 208Pb and 9oZr using 400 MeV 160 ions. The cross sections are '200 large, as was predicted in figure 1, and the peak-to-continuum ratio is surprisingly large. We have taken advantage of these features to study the photon decay 400 of giant resonances in 208Pb. Giant resonances in 90Zr and 208Pb were excited in the pres- ent measurements by inelastic scattering of 350- and 400-MeV o5 160 ions provided by the cou- 0 pled operation of the tandem and cyclotron at the Holifield Heavy-Ion Research Faci 1i ty. Differential cross sections were measured at several angles between 8O-19' (lab) for 208Pb and 8'-14' for 90Zr. The 208Pb targets were enriched (99%) self-supporting foi1s 0.8 and 2.0 mg/cm2 thick, and the 90Zr target, also a self-supporting foi 1, was 2 mg/cm2 thick. The scattered charged particles were detected by cooled silicon surface barrier telescopes con- sisting of 500 pm and 1500 um detectors of 150 mn2 area. The Fig. 2 - Spectra of the 208Pb(12C,12C ')208Pb energy resolution was typically reactions at E1zC = 200 MeV and 2°8Pb(a,a')208Pb about 550 keV FWHM. The scat- at E, = 120 MeV. tering angle subtended by the telescope collimators was 1.3'. The excitation range of these telescopes with 400 MeV 160 ions was about 80 MeV in the inelastic channel. The excellent mass resolution obtained for the oxygen isotopes is illustrated by the AE-E plot in figure 3 and by a projection (insert) of those events which have the same energy loss as the inelastically scattered 160 ions in the giant resonance region (10-30 MeV excitation). Figure 4 is the 160 singles spectrum obtained at 12' (lab) with the 2 mg/cm2 2!8Pb target at 400 MeV bombarding energy. The peak on the far right is from the tail of the elastic scattering, most of which has been eliminated by a single channel discriminator. The peak at 2.6 MeV is the 3- staie, and that at 4.1 MeV is a com- bination of the 4.08 MeV 2' state and 4.32 MeV, 4 state. The broad structure ORNL-DWG 83- 10892 ORNL-DWG 83-40893 80 220 0 45 40 35 30 25 20 45 40 5 0 EXCITATION ENERGY (MeV) 0-IIIIIII 400 600 800 (000 4200 4400 4600 4800 2000 Fig. 4 - Inelastic scatterin spec- CHANNEL NUMBER trum at 12 degrees from the q08~b (160,160') reactions at 400 MeV. The Fig. 3 - A€-E spectra for oxygen isotopes sol id curves show a decomposition of from reaction 208Pb(l60,160') at 400 MeV the spectrum into resonance peaks and (A€-ordi nate, E-abscissa). underlying conti nuum. between 5- and 10-MeV excitation is due to inelastic excitation of both the target and the projectile. Contributions to the singles spectrum from projectile excitation are primarily due to the 6.13-MeV 3- and 6.92-MeV zf.states, which are Doppler broadened.with widths of - 3 MeV. Projectile excitation of states above the 7.2 MeV particle emission threshold should be negligible. The giant resonance region between 9- and 20-MeV excitation was decomposed into several peaks above the underlying nuclear continuum shown as a solld smooth curve in figure 4. The structure between 9 and 20 MeV which remained after background subtraction was decomposed into three Gaussian peaks at 10.9-, 13.7-, and 17.6-MeV excitation by a least squares fitting procedure. The peak at 10.9 MeV was assumed to be the GQR and its width (r) was fixed during the fitting pro- cedure at 2.4 MeV FWHM.1 The peak at 13.7 MeV was assumed to arise from both the GMR (Ex = 13.6 and r = 3.6 MeV) and the Coulomb excited GDR (Ex = 13.5 MeV and r = 4.0 MeV). The width of this peak was fixed at 3.6 MeV. The background and fitted peaks for 12' (lab) are included in figure 4 and denoted by the solid lines. The dotted line of the low energy side of the 10.9 MeV peak (GQR) is an estimate of the contribution of the Doppler broadened 160 excitations and other 2O8Pb excitations to the GQR region. Some evidence, although not conclusive, for a peak at 17.6-MeV excitation with a width of 4 MeV was also observed. In addi- tion to the resonance structure observed between 9 and 20 MeV, structure is observed between 20- and 45-Mev excitation (see Fig.
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