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Vojenské Reflexie ROČNÍK XIV. MIMORIADNE ČÍSLO 2019 Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika VOJENSKÝ VEDECKO-ODBORNÝ ČASOPIS ROČNÍK XIV. MIMORIADNE ČÍSLO AKADÉMIA OZBROJENÝCH SÍL GENERÁLA MILANA RASTISLAVA ŠTEFÁNIKA LIPTOVSKÝ MIKULÁŠ, 2019 Redakčná rada / Editorial board Predseda redakčnej rady / Chairman: doc. Ing. Lubomír BELAN, PhD. AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń Podpredseda redakčnej rady doc. Ing. Ivan MAJCHÚT, PhD. AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń Členovia / Membership: doc. Ing. Jozef PUTTERA, CSc. Rektor AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń generál Ing. Daniel ZMEKO Náčelník Generálneho ńtábu OS SR, Bratislava brig. gen. doc. Ing. Boris ĎURKECH, CSc. Generálny riaditeľ Sekcie ľudských zdrojov, MO SR Bratislava genpor. v.v. Ing. Peter VOJTEK Bývalý náčelník Generálneho ńtábu OS SR genmjr. Ing. Jindřich JOCH Veliteľ PS OS SR genmjr. Ing. Ľubomír SVOBODA Veliteľ VzS OS SR brig. gen. prof. Ing. Bohuslav PŘIKRYL, Ph.D. Rektor Univerzity obrany, Brno, ČR plk. Ing. Jan DROZD, Ph.D. Dekan fakulty vojenského leadershipu, Univerzity obrany, Brno, ČR prof. Ing. Ladislav POTUŅÁK, CSc. Univerzita obrany, Brno, ČR plk. gńt. doc. Ing. Ivo PIKNER, Ph.D. Univerzita obrany, Brno, ČR Assoc. Prof. Elitsa PETROVA, DSc. Vasil Levski" National Military University, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria COL. Assoc. Prof. Eng. Laurian GHERMAN, PhD. Air Force Academy "Henri Coandă", Brașov, Romania COL Prof. Vasile CARUTASU, PhD, Vice-Rector for Programmes and International Relations, "Nicolae Balcescu" Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania LTC General Prof. Dr. Iztok PODBREGAR, Dean Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Maribor, Slovenija Assoc. Prof. Teodora IVANUŃA, PhD., University of Maribor, Slovenija Assoc. Prof. Marijana MUSLADIN, Ph.D. University of Dubrovnik, Department of Mass Media Communica- tion, Dubrovnik, Croatia. Prof John M. NOMIKOS, PhD. Director of Research Institute for European and American Studies (RIEAS), Athens, Greece Dr. Vasko STAMEVSKI Ph.D International Slavic University “Gavrilo Romanovich Derzhavin“, North Macedonia Prof. Darko TRIFUNOVIĆ, PhD., University of Belgrade, Serbia brig. gen. Ing. Ryszard PARAFIANOWICZ, PhD. Rector War Studies University, Warsaw, PL col. Assoc. Prof. Tomasz JAŁOWIEC Dean Faculty of Management and Command, War Studies Univer- sity, Warsaw, PL Dr.h.c. prof. nadzw.dr hab. Antoni OLAK, Honor. Prof. PWSW w Przemyślu, Kierownik Zakładu Socjologii Zarządzania Kryzysowego, Przemyśl, PL LTC. Assoc. Prof. Norbert ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKI Military University of Land Forces, Wroclaw, PL COL. prof. Klára S. KECSKEMÉTHY, CSc. University of Public Service, Budapest, MR MG (ret.) prof. Janos ISASZEGI, PhD. University of Public Service, Budapest, MR Dr.h.c. prof. Ing. Miroslav KELEMEN, DrSc., MBA, LL.M. brig. gen. v. z. Technická univerzita v Końiciach Dr. h. c. prof. Ing. Pavel NEČAS, PhD., MBA Univerzita Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica doc. PhDr. Rastislav KAZANSKÝ, PhD. Univerzita Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica plk. doc. Ing. Ľubica BARIČIČOVÁ, PhD. Akadémia Policajného zboru, Bratislava plk. gńt. v.z. Ing. Radoslav IVANČÍK, PhD. et PhD. Akadémia Policajného zboru, Bratislava mjr. Ing. Milan MARCINEK, PhD. Akadémia Policajného zboru, Bratislava Dr. h. c. prof. Ing. Miroslav LIŃKA, CSc. AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń prof. Ing. Vojtech JURČÁK, CSc. AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń doc. Ing. Peter SPILÝ, PhD. AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń 2 doc. Ing. Pavel BUČKA, CSc. AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń doc. PhDr. Mária PETRUFOVÁ, PhD. AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń doc. Ing. Jaroslav VARECHA, PhD. AOS gen. M. R. Ńtefánika, Liptovský Mikuláń Redakcia časopisu: Technický editor: Ing. Duńan SALÁK ISSN 1336-9202 Adresa redakcie / Editorial Board: Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Ńtefánika Demänová 393, 031 01 Liptovský Mikuláń tel. +421 960 423524, +421 960 422620 e-mail redakcie / e-mail board: [email protected]; [email protected] Vojenský vedecko-odborný elektronický časopis Vojenské reflexie je určený pre prispievateľov a čitateľov z bezpečnostnej komunity, prísluńníkov ozbrojených síl, akademických pracovníkov, ńtudentov relevantných odborov a programov (Obrana a vojenstvo, Bezpečnosť a obrana ńtátu, Medzinárodné vzťahy a pod.) a ďalńích záujemcov zo Slovenskej republiky i zo zahraničia, ktorí sa venujú oblastiam: - bezpečnostné a strategické ńtúdie, - operačné umenie a taktika, - ekonomika a manaņment obranných zdrojov, - interdisciplinárny výskum v humanitných vedách a sociálnych vedách, - politické vedy a medzinárodné vzťahy, - vojenské technológie a technologické ńtúdie, - vojenská a policajná teória a prax. Články sú recenzované. Názory a postoje prezentované v publikovaných článkoch nemusia byť v zhode so stanoviskom vydavateľa a redakčnej rady časopisu. Zodpovedajú za nich autori. 3 Reviewers prof. Klára SIPOSNÉ KECSKEMÉTHY, CSc. National University of Public Service, Budapešť, Maďarsko prof. Ing. Vojtech JURČÁK, CSc. Armed Forces Academy of general Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Liptovský Mikuláš Assoc. prof. Ing. Pavel BUČKA, CSc. Armed Forces Academy of general Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Liptovský Mikuláš Ing. Ján MAREK, MBA. Armed Forces Academy of general Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Liptovský Mikuláš 4 CONTENTS Assoc. prof. Ing. Lubomír BELAN, PhD., FROM THE EDITOR 6 ARTICLES: Eugeniusz CIEŚLAK, NATO AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT CONCPETS, LESSONS LEARNED, FUTURE 7 Anna ĎURFINA, ASYMMETRIC CONFLICTS IN THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 21 Klára SIPOSNÉ KECSKEMÉTHY, HUNGARY: JOINING THE ALLIANCE – 20 YEARS OF MEMBERSHIP 59 Tamás KOVÁCS, EUROMAIDAN: THE ROUTE TO THE CRIMEAN CRISIS THAT WENT THROUGH ONLINE 47 Csaba VIDA, THE MILITARY ELEMENTS OF THE SECURITY 59 5 FROM THE EDITOR Dear readers, let us greet you all cordially through this special edition of „Vojenské reflexie“ and wish you all the very best for 2020. We also wish you pleasant reading of our military scientific and expert journal. The Security and Defence Department of the Armed Forces Academy of Gen. M. R. Štefánik in Liptovský Mikuláš held the jubilee 10th „National and International Security 2019“Conference on 24th - 25th October 2019 in Liptovský Ján. On the basis of the review of the conference papers by the editorial board and the reviewers´ proposals, we have decided to publish this special edition of Vojenské reflexie. Articles written in English language dealing with the issues of national and international security have been selected for this edition. May this special edition of the journal be a source of enrichment and benefit for you and your practice, and may it inspire you in your further research and creative activities. Assoc. prof. Ing. Lubomír BELAN, PhD. Editor-in-Chief, Vojenské reflexie journal SLOVO NA ÚVOD Vážení čitatelia časopisu Vojenské reflexie dovoľte, aby sme Vás v tomto mimoriadnom čísle časopisu „Vojenské reflexie“, čo najsrdečnejšie pozdravili a popriali všetko najlepšie v roku 2020. Zároveň Vám prajeme pohodu pri čítaní nášho vojenského vedecko-odborného časopisu. Katedra bezpečnosti a obrany Akadémie ozbrojených síl gen. M. R. Štefánika v Liptovskom Mikuláši organizovala v dňoch 24. – 25. októbra 2019 v Liptovskom Jáne jubilejný 10. ročník medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie „Národná a medzinárodná bezpečnosť 2019“. Na základe posúdenia konferenčných príspevkov redakčnou radou časopisu a návrhu recenzentov sme sa rozhodli vydať mimoriadne číslo časopisu Vojenské reflexie. Vybrali sme príspevky v anglickom jazyku, ktoré sa zaoberajú problematikou národnej a medzinárodnej bezpečnosti. Prajeme si, aby toto mimoriadne číslo časopisu bolo pre Vás odborným obohatením, prínosom pre Vašu prax, ale aj inšpiráciou pre ďalšiu výskumnú a tvorivú činnosť. doc. Ing. Lubomír BELAN, PhD. predseda redakčnej rady, časopis Vojenské reflexie 6 NATO AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT CONCPETS, LESSONS LEARNED, FUTURE Eugeniusz CIEŚLAK ABSTRACT The article discusses evolution of the NATO’s approach to crisis management. Using three distinct periods tied to Alliance strategic concepts, the article attempts to analyze allied concepts for crisis management and then confronts them with lessons learned in crisis response operations. The assessment of lessons learned serves as a basis for a foresight on possible future involvement of NATO in crisis management. Keywords: crisis management, crisis response operations, NATO, lessons learned INTRODUCTION After twenty years of allied contributions to international peace and security, crisis management has become one of fundamental tasks of the NATO. The timeframe since early nineties has been a period when NATO strategic concepts, doctrine and military capabilities for crisis management were being developed and matured. The first decade, the nineties, may be viewed as formative for NATO’s approach to crisis management. The peace support operations in the Western Balkans along with the cooperation with the United Nations led to development of conceptual framework for crisis management and military doctrine for crisis response. NATO’s military learned valuable lessons about complexity of such operations and challenges related to the use of military power for solving multifaceted crises. Crisis management became more important for NATO at the beginning of the twenty first century, when terrorist threat was considered predominant. The Alliance’s decisions to participate in ISAF mission in Afghanistan was a turning point for the NATO’s commitment to regional and global security. Crisis response operations
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