Atlas of terrestrial mammals of the Ionian and Aegean islands

Bearbeitet von Marco Masseti

1. Auflage 2012. Buch. XVI, 318 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 11 025457 0 Format (B x L): 17 x 24 cm Gewicht: 731 g

Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Säugetiere (Mammalia)

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Preface ...... vii Acknowledgments ...... xi

1 Introduction ...... 1

2 Materials and methods ...... 7

3 The natural setting ...... 9

4 The islands endemics. The mammals of the Upper Pleistocene ...... 15

5 The disappearance of the endemics. Holocene relics of a vanished world ...... 21 5.1 The island of Tilos in the Dodecanese: a case study ...... 24

6 Atlas of the non-volant mammals of the Ionian and the Aegean islands. The species account ...... 31 6.1 Northern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus roumanicus ...... 31 6.2 Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus ...... 35 6.3 Mediterranean water shrew or Miller’s water shrew, Neomys anomalus ...... 37 6.4 Bi-coloured, white-toothed shrew, Crocidura leucodon ...... 38 6.5 Lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens ...... 40 6.6 Zimmermann’s white-toothed shrew or Cretan white-toothed shrew, Crocidura zimmermanni ...... 42 6.7 Pygmy white-toothed shrew, Suncus etruscus ...... 45 6.8 Balkan mole, Talpa stankovici ...... 47 6.9 European or brown hare, Lepus europaeus ...... 49 6.10 Wild or European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus ...... 54 6.11 Persian squirrel, golden squirrel or Caucasian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus ...... 60 6.12 Grey hamster, Cricetulus migratorius ...... 62 6.13 Common vole, Microtus arvalis ...... 63 6.14 Guenther’s vole, Microtus guentheri ...... 65 6.15 Thomas’ vole, Microtus thomasi ...... 67 6.16 Snow vole, Chionomys nivalis ...... 68 6.17 Tristram’s jird, Meriones tristrami ...... 70 6.18 Lesser mole rat, Nannospalax leucodon ...... 71 6.19 Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus fl avicollis ...... 74 xiv Contents

6.20 Rock mouse or eastern broad-toothed fi eld mouse, Apodemus mystacinus ...... 75 6.21 Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus ...... 78 6.22 Steppe fi eld mouse, Apodemus witherbyi ...... 80 6.23 Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus ...... 82 6.24 Black rat or ship rat, Rattus rattus ...... 84 6.25 House mouse, Mus musculus ...... 90 6.26 Balkan short-tailed mouse, Macedonian mouse or short-tailed mouse, Mus macedonicus ...... 95 6.27 Steppe mouse or mound-building mouse, Mus spicilegus ...... 97 6.28 Cretan spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus minous ...... 99 6.29 Fat dormouse or edible dormouse, Glis glis ...... 101 6.30 Common or hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius ...... 104 6.31 Golden jackal or Asiatic jackal, Canis aureus ...... 106 6.32 Red fox, Vulpes vulpes ...... 109 6.33 Weasel or least weasel, Mustela nivalis ...... 112 6.34 Beech marten or stone marten, Martes foina ...... 116 6.35 Eurasian badger, Meles meles ...... 122 6.36 Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra ...... 126 6.37 African wildcat, Felis silvestris ...... 128 6.38 Leopard, Panthera pardus ...... 132 6.39 Wild boar, Sus scrofa ...... 139 6.40 European fallow deer or common fallow deer, Dama dama dama ..... 144 6.41 Red deer, Cervus elaphus ...... 150 6.42 Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus ...... 157 6.43 Wild goat, Bezoar goat or Asiatic pasang, Capra aegagrus ...... 159 6.44 Asiatic moufl on or wild sheep, Ovis orientalis ...... 168

7 Species dubiously or erroneously recorded from the Ionian and Aegean islands ...... 171 7.1 Southern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor ...... 171 7.2 Blind mole, Talpa caeca ...... 172 7.3 Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris ...... 172 7.4 Common pine vole, Microtus subterraneus ...... 173 7.5 Forest dormouse, Dryomis nitedula ...... 173 7.6 Crested porcupine, Hystrix cristata ...... 174 7.7 Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx ...... 176

8 Archaeozoological evidence of the diffusion of mammalian species of different and/or exotic origin or durable parts of them ...... 179 8.1 Brown bear, Ursus arctos ...... 185 8.2 Lion, Panthera leo ...... 187 Contents xv

9 Biogeographical remarks ...... 191 9.1 Invasive alien species ...... 195 9.2 Characters of the extant insular mammals: generalist colonisers of pre-deserts ...... 197

10 A weighty legacy: concluding remarks ...... 201

Appendix A. Native domestic breeds ...... 207 A.1 The Aegean bay horse ...... 207 A.2 Other local and/or dwarf domestic breeds ...... 212 A.3 The water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758 ...... 218

Appendix B. Chiroptera reported from the Ionian and Aegean islands ...... 221

Appendix C. Cetaceans reported from the Ionian and the Aegean Seas ...... 225

Appendix D. The monk seal, Monachus monachus Hermann, 1779 ...... 231 D.1 Honoured with its ancient owner, a monk seal buried in Rhodes over 2000 years ago ...... 234

Bibliography ...... 237

Index ...... 299