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Report No. 147 Fish Distribution Movement and Gross External Canada /dlbsria ■»© ATHABASCA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1510 00172 376 7 NorthernRiverBasins Study NORTHERN RIVER BASINS STUDY PROJECT REPORT NO. 147 FISH DISTRIBUTION, MOVEMENT AND GROSS EXTERNAL PATHOLOGY INFORMATION FOR THE PEACE, ATHABASCA AND SLAVE RIVER BASINS QL 6 3 9 . 8 . M S45 1 9 9 7 Fish distribution, movement and gross external pathology information Tor" the Peace, Athabasca and Slave River Basins 31510001723767 DAT E DUE BRODART Cat. No. 23-221 ✓ k / Jp'l'f'/A*? Prepared for the Northern River Basins Study under Project 5324-E1 by T. A. Mill, Alberta Environmental Protection P. Sparrow-Clark, Hemingway Green Inc. R. S. Brown, FRM Environmental Consulting Ltd. NORTHERN RIVER BASINS STUDY PROJECT REPORT NO. 147 FISH DISTRIBUTION, MOVEMENT AND GROSS EXTERNAL PATHOLOGY INFORMATION FOR THE PEACE, ATHABASCA AND SLAVE RIVER BASINS Published by the Northern River Basins Study Edmonton, Alberta February, 1997 CANADIAN CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Mill, Thomas A. Fish distribution, movement and gross external pathology information for the Peace, Athabasca and Slave River Basins (Northern River Basins Study project report, ISSN 1192-3571 ; no. 147) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-662-24831-7 Cat. no. R71 -49/3-147E 1. Fishes -- Peace River (B.C. and Alta.) - Geographical distribution. 2. Fishes - Alberta - Athabasca River - Geographical distribution. 3. Fishes -- Slave River (Alta, and N.W.T.) - Geographical distribution. 4. Fishes -- Pathogens -- Peace River (B.C. and Alta.) 5. Fishes -- Pathogens - Alberta -- Athabasca River. 6. Fishes -- Pathogens -- Slave River (Alta, and N.W.T.) I. Sparrow-Clark, P. (Paul) II. Brown, R. S. III. Northern River Basins Study (Canada) IV. Title. V. Series. QL639.8M54 1997 597.092'97123 C96-980286-2 Copyright © 1997 by the Northern River Basins Study. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce all or any portion of this publication provided the reproduction includes a proper acknowledgement of the Study and a proper credit to the authors. The reproduction must be presented within its proper context and must not be used for profit. The views expressed this publication are solely those of the authors. PREFACE: The Northern River Basins Study was initiated through the "Canada-Alberta-Northwest Territories Agreement Respecting the Peace-Athabasca-Slave River Basin Study, Phase II - Technical Studies" which was signed September 27, 1991. The purpose of the Study is to understand and characterize the cumulative effects of development on the water and aquatic environment of the Study Area by coordinating with existing programs and undertaking appropriate new technical studies. This publication reports the method and findings of particular work conducted as part of the Northern River Basins Study. As such, the work was governed by a specific terms of reference and is expected to contribute information about the Study Area within the context of the overall study as described by the Study Final Report. This report has been reviewed by the Study Science Advisory Committee in regards to scientific content and has been approved by the Study Board of Directors for public release. It is explicit in the objectives of the Study to report the results of technical work regularly to the public. This objective is served by distributing project reports to an extensive network of libraries, agencies, organizations and interested individuals and by granting universal permission to reproduce the material. NORTHERN RIVER BASINS STUDY PROJECT REPORT RELEASE FORM This publication may be cited as: Mill, T. A., Sparrow-Clark, P. and Brown, R. S. 1997. Northern River Basins Study Project Report No. 147, Fish Distribution, Movement and Gross External Pathology Information for the Peace, Athabasca and Slave River Basins. Northern River Basins Study, Edmonton, Alberta. Whereas the above publication is the result of a project conducted under the Northern River Basins Study and the terms of reference for that project are deemed to be fulfilled, IT IS THEREFORE REQUESTED BY THE STUDY OFFICE THAT; this publication be subjected to proper and responsible review and be considered for release to the public. __ (& ___ (Date) Whereas it is an explicit term of reference of the Science Advisory Committee "to review, for scientific content, material for publication by the Board", IT IS HERE ADVISED BY THE SCIENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE THAT; this publication has been reviewed for scientific content and that the scientific practices represented in the report are acceptable given the specific purposes of the project and subject to the field conditions encountered. SUPPLEMENTAL COMMENTARY HAS BEEN ADDED TO THIS PUBLICATION: [ ] Yes [ ] No •> (Dr. P. A. Larkin, Ph D., Chair) (Date) Whereas the Study Board is satisfied that this publication has been reviewed for scientific content and for immediate health implications, IT IS HERE APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THAT; this publication be released to the public, and that this publication be designated for: [ ] STANDARD AVAILABILITY [ ] EXPANDED AVAILABILITY FISH DISTRIBUTION, MOVEMENT AND GROSS PATHOLOGY INFORMATION FOR THE PEACE, ATHABASCA AND SLAVE RIVER BASINS STUDY PERSPECTIVE The aquatic environments contained within the Northern River Basins Study area (NRBS) were being described and monitored prior to the onset of Related Study Questions the Study. However, disparate information bases and information gaps existed. This made it difficult 6) What is the distribution and movement to understand what was happening to the surface of fish species in the watershed o f the waters and their associated habitats as a result of Peace, Athabasca and Slave river? development activities. Where and when are they most likely to be exposed to changes in water quality The composition of the fish community and its and where are their important habitats? seasonal use of aquatic habitats for spawning, growth, overwintering and feeding can be important 10) How does and how could river flow indicators for assessing the health of the Peace, regulation impact the aquatic Athabasca and Slave rivers aquatic ecosystem. ecosystem? The extent to which these uses are affected by existing development is a major area of interest for 14) What long term monitoring programs the Northern River Basins Study (NRBS). and predictive models are required to provide an ongoing assessment of the One of the objectives of NRBS was to gather state of the aquatic ecosystems. These together existing information on fish to assist in the programs must ensure that all stake evaluation of effects from development. holders hove the opportunity for input. Investigations of fish population dynamics was beyond the scope of the Study. However, emphasis was directed at gathering more information on fish distribution, movement and habitat utilization. As a consequence of these investigations, supplemental material was gathered including information on the incidence of fish abnormalities. This report presents the findings of the various field and laboratory projects as they relate to fish distribution, movement, habitat utilization and gross pathology. In addition to describing the improvements made to the general understanding of the composition and distribution offish species and their movements, recommendations are made for more detailed analysis of existing information. There is need for a long-term, periodic monitoring program to follow trends in fish population effects and specific work directed at fish movement and health. Analysis of 23,000 fish pathology records indicate that the overall incidence of fish abnormality is less than 1 % basin wide. But occasional, high frequencies of pathological abnormalities do occur. These higher incidences of abnormalities generally appear in fish sampled near pulp mill effluents. Results in the Upper Athabasca River suggest this specific area needs more detailed study. REPORT SUMMARY The Northern River Basins Study board asked the following three questions that guided the scientific studies of fish within the Food Chain Component of the study: la. How has the aquatic ecosystem including fish and/or other aquatic organisms been affected by exposure to organochlorines or other compounds? 6. What is the distribution and movement of fish species in the watersheds of the Peace, Athabasca and Slave Rivers? Where and when are they most likely to be exposed to changes in water quality and where are their important habitats? 8. Recognizing that people drink water and eat fish from these river systems, what is the current concentration of contaminants in water and edible fish and how are these levels changing through time and by location? The Northern River Basins Study placed special emphasis on fish in its efforts to evaluate the effects of development on the basins. Fish provide food, cash incomes and recreational benefits to visitors and residents of the northern river basins. In addition, because of their wide distribution and movements in the basins and their key positions in food webs, they can give indications of the health of the aquatic ecosystem. It was decided early in the Northern River Basins Study, at the advice of the Science Advisory Committee to the board, that the Food Chain Component would not conduct studies to determine the population dynamics of fish. These were agreed to be too complex, time-consuming and costly to be effectively addressed within the scope of the study. Instead, the study incorporated its interest in fish in an ecosystem approach, linked closely
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