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AYRANCI (KARAMAN) YÖRESİ AĞIZLARI (İnceleme – Metinler – Sözlük)

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AYRANCI (KARAMAN) YÖRESİ AĞIZLARI (İnceleme – Metinler – Sözlük) T.C. FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANA BİLİM DALI AYRANCI (KARAMAN) YÖRESİ AĞIZLARI (İnceleme – Metinler – Sözlük) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Doç. Dr. Ahat ÜSTÜNER Ünal YILDIRIM ELAZIĞ – 2007 İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ………………………………………………………………………..…VI KISALTMALAR………………………………………………………………VIII METİNLERDE KULLANILAN TRANSKRİPSİYON İŞARETLERİ................IX BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM 1.YÖRENİN TANITILMASI...................………………………………………...1 1.1.BÖLGENİN TARİHİ …………............................………………………….2 1.2. COĞRAFİ DURUMU VE İKLİMİ...............................................................4 1.3. EKONOMİSİ.................................................................................................7 1.3.1.Hayvancılık..............................................................................................7 1.3.2. Tarım.......................................................................................................9 1.4. BÖLGENİN SOSYO – KÜLTÜREL DURUMU.......................................10 1.5.AYRANCI İLÇESİ KÖYLERİ.................................................................... 12 1.6. ETNİK DURUMU.......................................................................................19 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM 2.İNCELEME.......................................................................……………………..20 2.1. SES BİLGİSİ (FONETİK)..........................................................................21 2.1.1.Ünlüler ve Özellikleri.............................................................................21 2.1.1.1. Türkiye Türkçesi Yazı Dilinde Bulunmayan Ünlüler....................21 2.1.1.2.Ünlüler ve Boğumlanmaları............................................................23 2.1.1.2.1. Normal Süreli Ünlüler ............................................................23 2.1.1.2.1.1. Yazı Diliyle Ortak Normal Süreli Ünlüler.......................23 2.1.1.2.1.2.Yazı Dilinde Kullanılmayan Normal Süreli Ünlüler........24 2.1.1.2.1.3.Yabancı Dillerden Alınan Kelimelerdeki Uzun Ünlülerin Normal Süreli Ünlülere Dönüşmesi..................24 2.1.1.2.2.Uzun Ünlüler............................................................................25 2.1.1.2.2.1.Ünlem Görevindeki Kelimelerde Görülen Uzunluklar.....25 2.1.1.2.2.2.Yabancı Dillerden Türkçe’ye Girmiş ve Bünyesinde Asli Uzunluk Bulunduran Sözcüklerde Kullanılan Uzunluklar...........25 I 2.1.1.2.2.3. Ünsüz Düşmesi sonucu Oluşan Uzunluklar.....................25 2.1.1.2.2.4.Hece Düşmesi ile Oluşan Uzunluklar...............................26 2.1.1.2.2.5.Hece Kaynaşması Sonucu Oluşan Uzunluklar..................26 2.1.1.2.2.6.İkiz Ünlülerin Tekleşmesiyle Oluşan Uzunluklar.............26 2.1.1.2.3. Kısa Ünlüler............................................................................26 2.1.1.2.3.1. i-mek Ekfiiliyle Oluşan Kısa Ünlüler..............................27 2.1.1.2.3.2.Ünlü Karşılaşmasıyla Oluşan Kısa Ünlüler......................27 2.1.1.2.3.3.Ünlü Türemesiyle Oluşan Kısa Ünlüler............................27 2.1.1.2.4. İkiz Ünlüler (Diftong).............................................................27 2.1.1.3.Ünlü Uyumu....................................................................................28 2.1.1.3.1. Kalınlık-İncelik Uyumu..........................................................28 2.1.1.3.1.1.Yabancı Kelimelerde Kalınlık İncelik Uyumu.................29 2 .1.1.3.1.1.1.İlerleyici Ünlü Benzeşmesi ile..................................29 2.1.1.3.1.1.2.Gerileyici Ünlü Benzeşmesi ile.................................29 2.1.1.3.1.1.3.İlerleyici-Gerileyici Ünlü Benzeşmesi ile..................29 2.1.1.3.1.2.İmlada Uyumdan Kaçınan Türkçe Kelimelerin Durumu............................................................................29 2.1.1.3.1.3Kalınlık-İncelik Uyumunun Bozulması.............................29 2.1.1.3.1.3.1.Yabacı Kelimelerde Bozulma....................................29 2.1.1.3.1.3.2.i-mek Yardımcı Fiilinde (ekfiil) Bozulma.................30 2.1.1.3.1.3.3.Kelime Başında Ünlü Türetilmesiyle Bozulma.........30 2.1.1.3.1.3.4.Eklerde Bozulma........................................................30 2.1.1.3.2. Düzlük-Yuvarlaklık Uyumu....................................................30 2.1.1.3.2.1.Düzlük-Yuvarlaklık Uyumunun Bozulması.....................31 2.1.1.3.2.1.1.Yabancı Kelimelerde Görülen Düzlük-Yuvarlaklık Uyumunun Bozulması................................................31 2.1.1.3.2.1.2.Eklerde Görülen Düzlük-Yuvarlaklık Uyumunun Bozulması...................................................................31 2.1.1.3.2.1.2.1.Şimdiki Zaman Ekinde Bozulma........................31 2.1.1.3.2.1.2.2.Yapım Eklerinde Görülen Düzlük-Yuvarlaklık Uyumunun Bozulması.........................................32 2.1.1.4.Ünlü Değişmeleri............................................................................32 2.1.1.4.1.Kalın Ünlülerin İncelmesi........................................................32 II 2.1.1.4.2.İnce Ünlülerin Kalınlaşması ....................................................33 2.1.1.4.3.Düz Ünlülerin Yuvarlaklaşması...............................................34 2.1.1.4.4.Yuvarlak Ünlülerin Düzleşmesi...............................................34 2.1.1.4.5.Geniş Ünlülerin Daralması.......................................................35 2.1.1.4.6.Dar Ünlülerin Genişlemesi.......................................................35 2.1.1.5.Ünlü Düşmesi..................................................................................35 2.1.1.6.Ünlü Türemesi.................................................................................36 2.1.1.6.1.Kelime Başında Ünlü Türemesi ..............................................36 2.1.1.6.2. İç Seste Ünlü Türemesi...........................................................36 2.1.1.6.3. Son Seste Ünlü Türemesi........................................................36 2.1.1.7.Ünlü Daralması ..............................................................................36 2.1.2.Ünsüzler ve Özellikleri..........................................................................37 2.1.2.1. Türkiye Türkçesi Yazı Dilinde Bulunmayan Ünsüzler.................37 2.1.2.2. Ünlü Ünsüz İlişkileri......................................................................39 2.1.2.2.1.Ünlü-Ünsüz Uyumu.................................................................39 2.1.2.2.2.Ünlü-Ünsüz Uyumunun Bozulması ........................................39 2.1.2.3.Ünsüz İlişkileri................................................................................40 2.1.2.3.1.Ünsüz Benzeşmesi (Assimilation)...........................................40 2.1.2.3.1.1.İlerleyici Benzeşme...........................................................40 2.1.2.3.1.2.Gerileyici Benzeşme.........................................................40 2.1.2.3.1.3.Tam Benzeşme..................................................................40 2.1.2.3.1.4.Yarım Benzeşme...............................................................40 2.1.2.3.2.Ünsüz Uyumu...........................................................................41 2.1.2.3.3.Ünsüz Uyumsuzluğu................................................................41 2.1.2.3.4.Ünsüz Değişmeleri...................................................................41 2.1.2.4.Ünsüz Türemesi..........................................................................44 2.1.2.5.Ünsüzlerin Yer Değiştirmesi (Metathese)...................................45 2.1.2.6. Aykırılaşma....................................................................................45 2.1.2.7. Ünsüz İkizleşmesi..........................................................................45 2.1.2.8. İkiz Ünsüzlerin Tekleşmesi............................................................45 2.1.2.9. Ünsüz Düşmesi...............................................................................46 2.2. ŞEKİL BİLGİSİ (MORFOLOJİ).................................................................47 2.2.1.İsimler....................................................................................................47 2.2.1.1.İsim Çekim ekleri............................................................................47 III 2.2.1.1.1.İsim Hal Ekleri.........................................................................47 2.2.1.1.1.1.Yalın Hal (Nominatif) ......................................................47 2.2.1.1.1.2Yükleme Hali (Akkuzatif)..................................................47 2.2.1.1.1.3.Yönelme Hali (Datif)........................................................47 2.2.1.1.1.4.Bulunma Hali (Lokatif).....................................................47 2.2.1.1.1.5.Uzaklaşma Hali (Ablatif)..................................................47 2.2.1.1.1.6.İlgi Hali (Genetif)..............................................................47 2.2.1.1.1.7.Vasıta Hali (İnstrumental).................................................47 2.2.1.1.1.8.Eşitlik Hali (Evatif)...........................................................48 2.2.1.1.1.9.Yön Gösterme Hali (Direktif)...........................................48 2.2.1.1.2.İyelik Ekleri..............................................................................48 2.2.1.1.3.Çokluk Ekleri...........................................................................48 2.2.1.1.4.Soru Ekleri..............................................................................49 2.2.2.Sıfatlar....................................................................................................49
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