A Template for an Improved Rock-Based Subdivision of the Pre-Cryogenian Timescale
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Reconciling Proxy Records and Models of Earth's Oxygenation During the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic
This is a repository copy of Reconciling proxy records and models of Earth's oxygenation during the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/165529/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Tostevin, R and Mills, BJW orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-0931 (2020) Reconciling proxy records and models of Earth's oxygenation during the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic. Interface Focus, 10 (4). 20190137. ISSN 2042-8901 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0137 © 2020 The Author(s). This is an author produced version of an article published in Interface Focus. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 Reconciling proxy records and models of E oxygenation during 2 the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic 3 Rosalie Tostevin1 and Benjamin J. W. Mills2 4 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 5 South Africa. -
The Huronian Glaciation
Brasier, A.T., Martin, A.P., Melezhik, V.A., Prave, A.R., Condon, D.J., and Fallick, A.E. (2013) Earth's earliest global glaciation? Carbonate geochemistry and geochronology of the Polisarka Sedimentary Formation, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Precambrian Research, 235 . pp. 278-294. ISSN 0301-9268 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) When referring to this work, full bibliographic details must be given http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/84700 Deposited on: 29 August 2013 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk 1 Earth’s earliest global glaciation? Carbonate geochemistry and geochronology of the 2 Polisarka Sedimentary Formation, Kola Peninsula, Russia 3 4 A.T. Brasier1,6*, A.P. Martin2+, V.A. Melezhik3,4, A.R. Prave5, D.J. Condon2, A.E. Fallick6 and 5 FAR-DEEP Scientists 6 7 1 Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV 8 Amsterdam 9 2 NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Environmental Science 10 Centre, Keyworth, UK. NG12 5GG 11 3 Geological Survey of Norway, Postboks 6315 Slupen, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway 12 4 Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Postboks 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway 13 5 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 14 9AL, Scotland, UK 15 6 Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, Scotland. -
Vol 8, Issue 2, June 2009
mag30.qxd 05/05/2009 17:46 Page 1 MAGAZINE OF THE GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION Volume 8 No. 2 June 2009 Appeal for the Archives WSGS Study Tour of Guernsey Meetings July/October ROCKWATCH News Awards Proceedings of the GA Bernard Leake Retires Getting the most from the PGA Dates for your Diary Presidential Address/Lecture Reports GA Trip to Chafford Hundred Book Reviews CIRCULAR 979 mag30.qxd 05/05/2009 17:45 Page 2 Magazine of the Geologists’ Association From the President Volume 8 No.2, 2009 In writing the June presidential report, I am reminded of the vital role that the GA Published by the plays in upholding the importance of geology on a range of scales, from local Geologists’ Association. to international. For example, the GA can serve as a point of contact to provide Four issues per year. CONTENTS critical information on key geological ISSN 1476-7600 sequences that are under threat from 3. The Association insensitive development plans - in short, Production team: JOHN CROCKER, acting as an expert witness. This does Paula Carey, John Cosgrove, New GA Awards not necessarily entail opposing develop- Vanessa Harley, Bill French 4. GA Meetings July/October ment but rather looking for opportunities to enhance geological resources for 5. Awards Printed by City Print, Milton Keynes future study while ensuring that they are 6. Bernard Leake Retires appropriately protected. In addition, a major part of our national earth heritage The GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION 7. Dates for your Diary is preserved within our museums and in does not accept any responsibility for 8. -
Timeline of Natural History
Timeline of natural history This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and Life timeline Ice Ages biological events from the formation of the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes Earth to the arrival of modern humans. P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs Times are listed in millions of years, or Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda megaanni (Ma). -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ←Earliest animals o ←Earliest plants i Multicellular -1000 — c Contents life ←Sexual reproduction Dating of the Geologic record – P r The earliest Solar System -1500 — o t Precambrian Supereon – e r Eukaryotes Hadean Eon o -2000 — z o Archean Eon i Huron ian – c Eoarchean Era ←Oxygen crisis Paleoarchean Era -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Mesoarchean Era – Photosynthesis Neoarchean Era Pong ola Proterozoic Eon -3000 — A r Paleoproterozoic Era c – h Siderian Period e a Rhyacian Period -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen Orosirian Period Single-celled – life Statherian Period -4000 — ←Earliest life Mesoproterozoic Era H Calymmian Period a water – d e Ectasian Period a ←Earliest water Stenian Period -4500 — n ←Earth (−4540) (million years ago) Clickable Neoproterozoic Era ( Tonian Period Cryogenian Period Ediacaran Period Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Permian Period Mesozoic Era Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cretaceous Period Cenozoic Era Paleogene Period Neogene Period Quaternary Period Etymology of period names References See also External links Dating of the Geologic record The Geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it. -
Wales Regional Geology RWM | Wales Regional Geology
Wales regional geology RWM | Wales Regional Geology Contents 1 Introduction Subregions Wales: summary of the regional geology Available information for this region 2 Rock type Younger sedimentary rocks Older sedimentary rocks 3 Basement rocks Rock structure 4 Groundwater 5 Resources 6 Natural processes Further information 7 - 21 Figures 22 - 24 Glossary Clicking on words in green, such as sedimentary or lava will take the reader to a brief non-technical explanation of that word in the Glossary section. By clicking on the highlighted word in the Glossary, the reader will be taken back to the page they were on. Clicking on words in blue, such as Higher Strength Rock or groundwater will take the reader to a brief talking head video or animation providing a non-technical explanation. For the purposes of this work the BGS only used data which was publicly available at the end of February 2016. The one exception to this was the extent of Oil and Gas Authority licensing which was updated to include data to the end of June 2018. 1 RWM | Wales Regional Geology Introduction This region comprises Wales and includes the adjacent inshore area which extends to 20km from the coast. Subregions To present the conclusions of our work in a concise and accessible way, we have divided Wales into 6 subregions (see Figure 1 below). We have selected subregions with broadly similar geological attributes relevant to the safety of a GDF, although there is still considerable variability in each subregion. The boundaries between subregions may locally coincide with the extent of a particular Rock Type of Interest, or may correspond to discrete features such as faults. -
Neoproterozoic Glaciations in a Revised Global Palaeogeography from the Breakup of Rodinia to the Assembly of Gondwanaland
Sedimentary Geology 294 (2013) 219–232 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Sedimentary Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo Invited review Neoproterozoic glaciations in a revised global palaeogeography from the breakup of Rodinia to the assembly of Gondwanaland Zheng-Xiang Li a,b,⁎, David A.D. Evans b, Galen P. Halverson c,d a ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) and The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia b Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA c Earth & Planetary Sciences/GEOTOP, McGill University, 3450 University St., Montreal, Quebec H3A0E8, Canada d Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia article info abstract Article history: This review paper presents a set of revised global palaeogeographic maps for the 825–540 Ma interval using Received 6 January 2013 the latest palaeomagnetic data, along with lithological information for Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins. Received in revised form 24 May 2013 These maps form the basis for an examination of the relationships between known glacial deposits, Accepted 28 May 2013 palaeolatitude, positions of continental rifting, relative sea-level changes, and major global tectonic events Available online 5 June 2013 such as supercontinent assembly, breakup and superplume events. This analysis reveals several fundamental ’ Editor: J. Knight palaeogeographic features that will help inform and constrain models for Earth s climatic and geodynamic evolution during the Neoproterozoic. First, glacial deposits at or near sea level appear to extend from high Keywords: latitudes into the deep tropics for all three Neoproterozoic ice ages (Sturtian, Marinoan and Gaskiers), al- Neoproterozoic though the Gaskiers interval remains very poorly constrained in both palaeomagnetic data and global Rodinia lithostratigraphic correlations. -
Agricultural Value-Chains Assessment Report April 2020.Pdf
1 2 ABOUT THE EUROPEAN UNION The Member States of the European Union have decided to link together their know-how, resources and destinies. Together, they have built a zone of stability, democracy and sustainable development whilst maintaining cultural diversity, tolerance and individual freedoms. The European Union is committed to sharing its achievements and its values with countries and peoples beyond its borders. ABOUT THE PUBLICATION: This publication was produced within the framework of the EU Green Agriculture Initiative in Armenia (EU-GAIA) project, which is funded by the European Union (EU) and the Austrian Development Cooperation (ADC), and implemented by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Armenia. In the framework of the European Union-funded EU-GAIA project, the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) hereby agrees that the reader uses this manual solely for non-commercial purposes. Prepared by: EV Consulting CJSC © 2020 Austrian Development Agency. All rights reserved. Licensed to the European Union under conditions. Yerevan, 2020 3 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 5 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 6 2. OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURE IN ARMENIA AND GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES..................................................................................................................................................... -
Hydrogeology of Wales
Hydrogeology of Wales N S Robins and J Davies Contributors D A Jones, Natural Resources Wales and G Farr, British Geological Survey This report was compiled from articles published in Earthwise on 11 February 2016 http://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Category:Hydrogeology_of_Wales BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2015. Hydrogeology of Wales Ordnance Survey Licence No. 100021290 EUL. N S Robins and J Davies Bibliographical reference Contributors ROBINS N S, DAVIES, J. 2015. D A Jones, Natural Rsources Wales and Hydrogeology of Wales. British G Farr, British Geological Survey Geological Survey Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. Cover photo: Llandberis Slate Quarry, P802416 © NERC 2015. All rights reserved KEYWORTH, NOTTINGHAM BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2015 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS British Geological Survey offices shops at Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or BGS Central Enquiries Desk shop online at www.geologyshop.com Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 email [email protected] The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, maps, for consultation. -
Plate Tectonics Earthquakes in Christchurch and Northern Japan in 2011 and the Haiti Earthquake in 2010 Caused Massive Destruction and Loss of Life
PROOFS 5 PAGE PLATE TECTONICS Earthquakes in Christchurch and northern Japan in 2011 and the Haiti earthquake in 2010 caused massive destruction and loss of life. What caused these and other earthquakes and volcanic eruptionsUNCORRECTED in the Earth’s history? From space, the Earth looks very peaceful, but movements of the Earth’s surface can cause huge changes. Did you know that the highest place on the Earth, Mount Everest, was once under the sea? It has been pushed up by movements of the Earth’s surface. Similar fossil specimens and rock types have been found on opposite sides of vast oceans. How can this be explained? TECTONIC PLATES 5.1 Looking at a map of the world it is easy to see why people started wondering if the continents once fitted together like a giant jigsaw puzzle. The distribution of some plants and animals and even fossil species cannot be explained unless the continents had drifted apart over time. These continents have slowly moved across the face of the planet, separating and potentially isolating populations. Whilst these organisms have adapted to their new unique environmental conditions, the rocks that were formed when the continents were joined have remained the same. Students: » •outline how the theory of plate tectonics changed ideas about the structure of and changes in the Earth’s surface » •relate continental drift to convectionPROOFS currents and gravitational forces ACTIVITY AT PLAPAGETE BOUN DARIES 5.2 As the huge tectonic plates move across the surface of the Earth, they collide, grind past one another or slowly pull away from each other. -
A Community Effort Towards an Improved Geological Time Scale
A community effort towards an improved geological time scale 1 This manuscript is a preprint of a paper that was submitted for publication in Journal 2 of the Geological Society. Please note that the manuscript is now formally accepted 3 for publication in JGS and has the doi number: 4 5 https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-222 6 7 The final version of this manuscript will be available via the ‘Peer reviewed Publication 8 DOI’ link on the right-hand side of this webpage. Please feel free to contact any of the 9 authors. We welcome feedback on this community effort to produce a framework for 10 future rock record-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian geological timescale. 11 1 A community effort towards an improved geological time scale 12 Towards a new geological time scale: A template for improved rock-based subdivision of 13 pre-Cryogenian time 14 15 Graham A. Shields1*, Robin A. Strachan2, Susannah M. Porter3, Galen P. Halverson4, Francis A. 16 Macdonald3, Kenneth A. Plumb5, Carlos J. de Alvarenga6, Dhiraj M. Banerjee7, Andrey Bekker8, 17 Wouter Bleeker9, Alexander Brasier10, Partha P. Chakraborty7, Alan S. Collins11, Kent Condie12, 18 Kaushik Das13, Evans, D.A.D.14, Richard Ernst15, Anthony E. Fallick16, Hartwig Frimmel17, Reinhardt 19 Fuck6, Paul F. Hoffman18, Balz S. Kamber19, Anton Kuznetsov20, Ross Mitchell21, Daniel G. Poiré22, 20 Simon W. Poulton23, Robert Riding24, Mukund Sharma25, Craig Storey2, Eva Stueeken26, Rosalie 21 Tostevin27, Elizabeth Turner28, Shuhai Xiao29, Shuanhong Zhang30, Ying Zhou1, Maoyan Zhu31 22 23 1Department -
Development Project Ideas Goris, Tegh, Gorhayk, Meghri, Vayk
Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development of the Republic of Armenia DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IDEAS GORIS, TEGH, GORHAYK, MEGHRI, VAYK, JERMUK, ZARITAP, URTSADZOR, NOYEMBERYAN, KOGHB, AYRUM, SARAPAT, AMASIA, ASHOTSK, ARPI Expert Team Varazdat Karapetyan Artyom Grigoryan Artak Dadoyan Gagik Muradyan GIZ Coordinator Armen Keshishyan September 2016 List of Acronyms MTAD Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development ATDF Armenian Territorial Development Fund GIZ German Technical Cooperation LoGoPro GIZ Local Government Programme LSG Local Self-government (bodies) (FY)MDP Five-year Municipal Development Plan PACA Participatory Assessment of Competitive Advantages RDF «Regional Development Foundation» Company LED Local economic development 2 Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 2 Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Structure of the Report .............................................................................................................. 5 Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 Approaches to Project Implementation .................................................................................. -
Annual Report 2008
godišnje izvješće annual report 2008 Sachsova 2, HR-10000 Zagreb Hrvatska (Croatia) Tel.: (+385 1) 6160-749 Fax.: (+385 1) 6144-718 www.hgi-cgs.hr ISBN 978-953-6907-19-9 ISSN 1846-629X Avanić Radovan +385 1 6160 708 [email protected] Zavod za geologiju Badnjević Edin +385 1 6160 754 Stručne službe Bakrač Koraljka +385 1 6160 706 [email protected] Zavod za geologiju Banović Jarmila +385 1 6160 744 [email protected] Zavod za mineralne sirovine NAKLADNIK – PUBLISHER: Hrvatski geološki institut – Croatian Geological Survey Bastalić Nada +385 1 6160 712 [email protected] Zavod za hidrogeologiju i inženjersku geologiju Belak Mirko +385 1 6160 722 [email protected] Zavod za geologiju Sachsova 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska (Croatia) Bergant Stanislav +385 1 6160 732 [email protected] Zavod za geologiju Brkić Željka +385 1 6160 700 [email protected] Zavod za hidrogeologiju i inženjersku geologiju Buljan Renato +385 1 6160 806 [email protected] Zavod za hidrogeologiju i inženjersku geologiju Colussi Kristijan +385 1 6160 754 Stručne službe ZA NAKLADNIKA – FOR THE PUBLISHER: Crnogaj Stjepan +385 1 6160 751 [email protected] Zavod za mineralne sirovine Ravnatelj (Director) Josip HALAMIĆ Dedić Željko +385 1 6160 746 [email protected] Zavod za mineralne sirovine Devčić Zorka +385 1 6160 742 Stručne službe Dmitrović Aco +385 1 6160 800 [email protected] Stručne službe Dolić Stjepan +385 1 6160 704 [email protected] Zavod za hidrogeologiju i inženjersku geologiju