Halvard Leira
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Multikulturell Rugekasse
Multikulturell Rugekasse Fremskrittspartiets argumentasjon om innvandring før valg 1987-2001 Universitetet i Bergen • Institutt for informasjons- og medievitenskap MEVI350 • Masteroppgave medievitenskap • Oskar Hjartåker Vår 2017 1 Tittel: Hentet fra et sitat av Jan Christensen (FrP) som omtalte bydelen sin som en «multikulturell rugekasse» (Ringheim, 2016: 155). Bilde: 21st Century Schizoid Man, lagd av undertegnede. Navnet er hentet fra sangtittelen til en låt av King Crimson. 2 Sammendrag Avhandlingen tar utgangspunkt avistekster fra Aftenposten, Verdens Gang og Stavanger Aftenblad, samt bøker om Fremskrittspartiets historie for å se på sammenhengen mellom Fremskrittspartiets indre konflikter og partiets argumentasjon om innvandring før valg mellom 1987-2001. Den historiske gjennomgangen viser sammenheng mellom konflikter og partiets argumentasjon om innvandring i avisene. Særskilt to konflikter skiller seg ut. Første konflikt ender med Dolkesjø-oppgjøret i 1994, hvor den liberalistiske medlemsmassen i partiet ble sterkt redusert. Den andre går fra Godlia-møtet frem til perioden rundt millenniumskiftet, hvor de upopulære innvandringskritikerne ble kastet ut eller fikk en redusert rolle i partiet. Argumentene til Fremskrittspartiet viser også at partiets representanter ikke utelukkende bruker retorisk argumentasjon om hva som bør gjøres, men også adresserer nåværende verdier, samt hva som har vært. Dette er ikke uvanlig i seg selv, analysen viser der i mot at dette skjer ofte. Samtidig knytter argumentasjonen til Fremskrittspartiet seg til en streng forståelse av statsborgerskap, noe som blir tydeliggjort i argumentasjonen. Fremskrittspartiet bruker tidvis bevisst strategi om stillhet i innvandringsdebatten, for eksempel under innvandringsdebatten i 1991. Implikasjonene for debatten er blant annet underinformering av innvandringsteamet. Her vises det til et eksempel i klartekst som viser svarunnvikelse av spørsmål fra partiet i perioden. -
The Toulouse Murders
\\jciprod01\productn\J\JSA\4-1\JSA127.txt unknown Seq: 1 28-JUN-12 15:42 The Toulouse Murders Manfred Gerstenfeld* On March 19, 2012, Mohammed Merah, a Frenchman of Algerian ori- gin, killed a teacher and three children in front of the Toulouse Jewish school Otzar Hatorah. Earlier that month, he murdered three French soldiers. A few days after the Toulouse murders, Merah was killed in a shootout with French police.1 Murders in France and elsewhere are frequent, and a significant per- centage of murder victims are children. Yet the murder by this fanatic drew worldwide attention,2 which usually focused far more on the killing of the Jewish victims than that of the soldiers. For French Jews, this tragedy recalled events of past decades, the more so as the murderer was an Al Qaeda sympathizer. Six people in the Jewish Goldenberg restaurant in Paris were killed in 1982 by terrorists, most prob- ably from the Arab Abu Nidal group.3 In the past decade, antisemitic motives were behind murders of Jews committed by Muslims living in France. Sebastien Selam, a Jewish disc jockey, was killed by his Muslim childhood friend and neighbor Adel Amastaibou in 2003. Medical experts found the murderer mentally insane. When the judges accepted this conclusion, such finding prevented a trial in which the antisemitism of substantial parts of the French Muslim commu- 1. Murray Wardrop, Chris Irvine, Raf Sanchez, and Amy Willis, “Toulouse Siege as It Happened,” Telegraph, March 22, 2012. 2. Edward Cody, “Mohammed Merah, Face of the New Terrorism,” Washing- ton Post, March 22, 2012. -
Women and Men in the News
Nordic Council of Ministers TemaNord 2017:527 Women and men in the news and men in Women 2017:527 TemaNord Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org WOMEN AND MEN IN THE NEWS The media carry significant notions of social and cultural norms and values and have a powerful role in constructing and reinforcing gendered images. The news WOMEN AND MEN in particular has an important role in how notions of power are distributed in the society. This report presents study findings on how women and men are represented in the news in the Nordic countries, and to what extent women and IN THE NEWS men occupy the decision-making positions in the media. The survey is based on the recent findings from three cross-national research projects. These findings REPORT ON GENDER REPRESENTATION IN NORDIC NEWS CONTENT are supported by national studies. The results indicate that in all the Nordic AND THE NORDIC MEDIA INDUSTRY countries women are underrepresented in the news media both as news subjects and as sources of information. Men also dominate in higher-level decision-making positions. The report includes examples of measures used to improve the gender balance in Nordic news. Women and men in the news Report on gender representation in Nordic news content and the Nordic media industry Saga Mannila TemaNord 2017:527 Women and men in the news Report on gender representation in Nordic news content and the Nordic media industry Saga Mannila ISBN 978-92-893-4973-4 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-4974-1 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-4975-8 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2017-527 TemaNord 2017:527 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2017 Layout: NMR Print: Rosendahls Printed in Denmark Although the Nordic Council of Ministers funded this publication, the contents do not necessarily reflect its views, policies or recommendations. -
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Supported by Surveyed by © Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2020 4 Contents Foreword by Rasmus Kleis Nielsen 5 3.15 Netherlands 76 Methodology 6 3.16 Norway 77 Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7 3.17 Poland 78 3.18 Portugal 79 SECTION 1 3.19 Romania 80 Executive Summary and Key Findings by Nic Newman 9 3.20 Slovakia 81 3.21 Spain 82 SECTION 2 3.22 Sweden 83 Further Analysis and International Comparison 33 3.23 Switzerland 84 2.1 How and Why People are Paying for Online News 34 3.24 Turkey 85 2.2 The Resurgence and Importance of Email Newsletters 38 AMERICAS 2.3 How Do People Want the Media to Cover Politics? 42 3.25 United States 88 2.4 Global Turmoil in the Neighbourhood: 3.26 Argentina 89 Problems Mount for Regional and Local News 47 3.27 Brazil 90 2.5 How People Access News about Climate Change 52 3.28 Canada 91 3.29 Chile 92 SECTION 3 3.30 Mexico 93 Country and Market Data 59 ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE 3.31 Australia 96 3.01 United Kingdom 62 3.32 Hong Kong 97 3.02 Austria 63 3.33 Japan 98 3.03 Belgium 64 3.34 Malaysia 99 3.04 Bulgaria 65 3.35 Philippines 100 3.05 Croatia 66 3.36 Singapore 101 3.06 Czech Republic 67 3.37 South Korea 102 3.07 Denmark 68 3.38 Taiwan 103 3.08 Finland 69 AFRICA 3.09 France 70 3.39 Kenya 106 3.10 Germany 71 3.40 South Africa 107 3.11 Greece 72 3.12 Hungary 73 SECTION 4 3.13 Ireland 74 References and Selected Publications 109 3.14 Italy 75 4 / 5 Foreword Professor Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Director, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) The coronavirus crisis is having a profound impact not just on Our main survey this year covered respondents in 40 markets, our health and our communities, but also on the news media. -
Centre for Peace Studies Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education
Centre for Peace Studies Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education The portrayal of the Russian Revolution of 1917 in the Norwegian labor movement A study of the editorials of the Social-Demokraten, 1915—1923 Anzhela Atayan Master’s thesis in Peace and Conflict Transformation – SVF-3901 June 2014 ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Kari Aga Myklebost for helpful supervision with practical advice and useful comments, the Culture and Social Sciences Library, the Centre for Peace Studies and Ola Goverud Andersson for support. iii iv Morgen mot Russlands grense Jeg kommer fra dagen igår, fra vesten, fra fortidens land. Langt fremme en solstripe går mot syd. Det er morgenens rand. I jubel flyr toget avsted. Se grensen! En linje av ild. Bak den er det gamle brendt ned. Bak den er det nye blitt til. Jeg føler forventningens sang i hjertets urolige slag. Så skulde jeg også engang få møte den nye dag! Rudolf Nilsen v vi Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………….......1 1.1.Major terms and choice of period……...………………………………………………......1 1.2.Research questions…………………………………………………………………………2 1.3.Motivation and relevance for peace studies………………………………………………..3 1.4.Three editors: presentation…………………………………………………………………3 1.5.The development of the Norwegian labor press: a short description………………………6 1.6.The position of the Norwegian labor movement in Scandinavia…………………………..7 1.7.Structure of the thesis............................................................................................................8 Chapter 2. Previous studies and historical background………………………………………11 2.1. Previous studies…………………………………………………………………………..11 2.2. Historical background……………………………………………………………………14 2.2.1. The situation in Norway…………………………………………………………...14 2.2.2. Connections between the Bolsheviks and the Norwegian left…………….……....16 Chapter 3. -
Report No. 15 (2008–2009) to the Storting
Report No. 15 (2008–2009) to the Storting Interests, Responsibilities and Opportunities The main features of Norwegian foreign policy Table of contents Introduction. 7 5 The High North will continue Norwegian interests and globalisation . 8 to be of special importance The structure of the white paper . 9 to Norway . 49 5.1 Major changes in the High North Summary. 10 since the end of the Cold War. .. 49 5.2 The High North will continue to be Part I Challenges to Norwegian a major security policy challenge . 51 interests . .15 5.3 A greater role for the EU and the Northern Dimension . 52 1 Globalisation is broadening 5.4 International law issues . 53 Norwegian interests . 17 5.5 Cross-border and innovative 1.1 Globalisation and the state . 18 cooperation in the High North . 54 1.2 Globalisation is a challenge to 5.6 Increasing interest in the polar Norway . 18 areas and the Arctic Council . 55 1.3 Norway is becoming more closely involved in the global economy. 20 6 Europeanisation and Nordic 1.4 Norway’s broader interests . 22 cooperation . 57 6.1 The importance of the EU . 57 2 The downsides and 6.2 Further development of the EU . 59 counterforces of globalisation . 24 6.3 Europeanisation defines the 2.1 Globalisation includes and excludes 24 framework . 60 2.2 The new uncertainty of globalisation 6.4 Agreements and cooperation . 60 – new security policy challenges. 26 6.5 Fisheries policy. 63 2.3 Threats to Norway from global 6.6 Broad Nordic cooperation . 63 instability . 27 6.7 The Council of Europe and the OSCE . -
Public Opposition to Wind Power Projects in Norway
Public opposition to wind power projects in Norway MEEMAS Master thesis Energy, environment and society University of Stavanger 2020 Maren Benedikte Omholt 1 UNIVERSITY OF STAVANGER MASTER DEGREE IN Energy, Environment and Society MASTER THESIS CANDIDATE NUMBER: 5652 SEMESTER: Spring 2020 AUTHOR: Maren Benedikte Omholt SUPERVISOR: Reidar Staupe Delgado MASTER THESIS TITLE: Public opposition to wind power projects in Norway SUBJECT WORDS/KEY WORDS: Wind power, renewable energy, Frøya, Vardafjell, Kvitfjell, Raudfjell PAGE NUMBERS: 56 STAVANGER 30.08.20202 ………………………………………………. DATE/YEAR 2 Acknowledgements This thesis marks the conclusion of my master’s degree in energy, environment and society at the University of Stavanger. The original plan for this thesis was to do a field study that was interview based, while focusing only on one wind farm, and supplement this with secondary sources. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, this made it difficult to go through with. The solution was then to change the methods of the thesis from an interview based field study, to a case study where the sources that are being looked at are online based, while at the same time being secondary sources that shed light into the ways in which demonstrators are feeling and experiencing the build- ings of wind farms. I would like to thank my supervisor Reidar Staupe Delgado for helping me by giving me tips as well as constructive criticism which helped me a lot within the writing process. I would also like to thank my friends and family for keeping me motivated throughout the process. 3 Abstract The wind power debate is ongoing in Norway with many different opinions regarding the issue. -
Minority Voices in the Memorial Messages After the Terror Attacks in Norway 2011
Article • DOI: 10.1515/njmr-2018-0002 NJMR • 8(1) • 2018 • 56-64 ”IT’S DIFFICULT TO BE A NORWEGIAN”: Minority Voices in the Memorial Messages after the Terror Attacks in Norway 2011 Abstract The terror attacks in Norway 2011, targeting what the perpetrator described Hans Lödén* as proponents of immigration and multicultural society, created exceptional circumstances for people to reflect on issues of belonging. In this kind of Karlstad University, Sweden situation, it is assumed that people emphasise their affinity with the affected country. This, in turn, makes the problematisation of the affinities displayed particularly interesting since the act of expressing them even in a very taxing situation indicates their importance. Texts by individuals from ethnic minorities, written soon after the attacks, are analysed in terms of conceptions of ‘Norwegianness’. Results show explicit support for civic values but also multiple expressions of not feeling recognised as part of majority society also from individuals obviously acculturated to Norwegian lifestyles and cultural codes. These expressions are explained in terms of whiteness – non-whiteness and religion. Keywords Terrorism • Critical event • Minority • Belonging • Religion Received 5 April 2016; Accepted 17 August 2017 Introduction A critical event perceived to threaten key societal values and also by persons not obviously – as seen by themselves or by institutions creates exceptional circumstances for reflections on others – included in this majority (Lödén 2014; cf. Lied & Undseth issues of belonging. The terror attacks in Norway on 22 July 2011, Bakke 2013). These individuals, ‘the minority’, belong to the non- with 77 people killed and more than 150 injured, constituted such European ethnic groups that make up a considerable proportion of an event. -
Explaining Membership Growth in the Norwegian Progress Party From
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Explaining Membership Growth in the Norwegian Progress Party from 1973 to 2008 Hilmar Langhelle Mjelde Master Thesis November 2008 The University of Bergen Department of Comparative Politics Abstract This thesis is concerned with explaining the membership growth in the Norwegian Progress Party, Fremskrittspartiet, from its founding in 1973 to 2008. Two major studies, Katz and Mair (1992) and Mair and van Biezen (2001), have demonstrated that West-European parties, including Norwegian ones, are losing members, and have been doing it for several decades. Although this development was not as pronounced in the first study, it had become clear by 2001. The Progress Party has clearly deviated from both the national and the international trend of dwindling mass membership with its relatively stable growth in this respect. Through the application of relevant academic literature, I set forth seven theoretically informed hypotheses about the causes of the Progress Party’s membership growth. At the macro-level, I examine the impact of electoral success and public subsidies on membership growth. At the meso-level, the efforts of the Progress Party leadership, the party’s organizational network, and its executive structure are considered. Finally, at the micro-level, I study support in the electorate for the Progress Party’s policies and the availability of political positions for members in the party as possible causes of membership growth. The central finding of the thesis is that leadership efforts appear to be the key component in the explanation, although it may depend on several other factors to be successful. -
1 Nordic Otherness
Cordelia Heß 1Nordic Otherness Research on Antisemitism in the NordicCountries in an International Context In December 2008 and January 2009,anti-Israel demonstrations in Oslo turned into riotswith adistinct antisemitic character,whereprotesters shouted “Death to Jews!” and “Hunt the Jews!”¹ In March 2009,several thousand people demonstrated against the participa- tion of Israeli tennis players in amatch in Malmö, many of them screaming anti- semitic slogans,comparing Israel to National Socialist Germany, and displaying maps of the Middle East in which the Jewish State was eradicated.² In the year 2009,police reported seventy-nine attacksonthe synagogue and Jewishcemetery in Malmö.³ In February 2010,the mayorofMalmödeniedthat there had ever been any violence against Jewish institutions, and demanded the city’sJewish community denounce Israeli human rights violations against the civilian population in Gaza.⁴ In June 2011,asurvey carried out by the city of Oslo found that 33 per cent of Jewishstudents in Oslo were physicallythreatened or abused by other high- school teens at least two to threetimes amonth.⁵ In December 2015,aman wounded twopolice officers and killed ayoung Jewishman on security duty at the synagogue in Copenhagen.⁶ Eirik Eiglad, TheAnti-JewishRiots in Oslo (Porsgrunn: Communalism,2010). PerGudmundson, “Varken fredligteller lugnt,” Svenska Dagbladet,11March 2009, ‹ https:// www.svd.se/varken-fredligt-eller-lugnt ›. Ann-Helén Laestadius, “Hatbrott motjudar ökar,” 21 May2015, ‹ http://www.minoritet.se/1357 ›. Ilmar Reepalu, “Reepalu: Israel har skapat en ‘varböld’,” Skånska Dagbladet,27January 2010, ‹ https://www.skd.se/2010/01/27/reepalu-israel-har-skapat-en-varbold ›. AnetteHolth Hansen,Øystein Solvang, and Kjersti Kanestrøm Lie, “Ett av tre jødiskebarn hetses på skolen,” NRK.no,7June 2011, ‹ https://www.nrk.no/ostlandssendingen/en-av-tre- hetses-pa-skolen-1.7664103 ›. -
Satirising the Norwegian Language Conflict: Gabriel Scott’S Babels Taarn Contextually Reconsidered
Scandinavica Vol 52 No 1 2013 Satirising the Norwegian Language Conflict: Gabriel Scott’s Babels taarn Contextually Reconsidered Frederick Hale North-West University Abstract Gabriel Scott’s comedy Babels taarn (Babel Tower), first performed at the National Theatre in Kristiania in 1911, satirises the language controversy that was raging in Norway at the time. The play is regarded as important in linguistic and literary terms, but has been largely forgotten. This article argues that Scott was disillusioned by the politicisation of the language controversy and regarded the advance of landsmål as an artificial and unwelcome phenomenon in the unfolding of Norwegian culture which failed to understand the complexities of inevitable cultural syncretism. Babels taarn is discussed as a means by which Scott critiqued the defenders of riksmål for their passivity. Finally, it is argued that Babels taarn is a scathing indictment of what Scott perceived as misdirected and shallow nationalism. Keywords Gabriel Scott, Babels taarn (play), Norwegian drama, landsmål, language politics 17 Scandinavica Vol 52 No 1 2013 For many decades the history of the Norwegian language controversy, or språkstriden, has attracted the attention of linguists and other scholars both in Norway and abroad. They have illuminated many facets of the endeavours by advocates of landsmål or nynorsk to place their form of the tongue on an equal footing with riksmål or bokmål, as well as the establishment and life of Det Norske Teatret, the politics of Riksmålsforbundet, and other dimensions of the protracted strife. Historians of the Nordic languages thus have at their disposal a moderate wealth of scholarly literature in which such works as Einar Haugen’s Language Conflict and Language Planning: The Case of Modern Norwegian (1966) and Egil Børre Johnsen’s Vårt eget språk (1987) figure prominently. -
Background on Jens Stoltenberg
UP CLOSE AND PROFESSIONAL A Case Study of Norway’s Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg’s Communication on Social Media By Sandra Hasselknippe Dahl-Hansen Supervisor: Kristina Riegert Examiner: Christian Christensen MASTER THESIS, 30 HP (SPRING 2013) Master’s Programme in Media and Communication Studies Stockholm University Department of Journalism, Media & Communication Submission date: May 27th 2013 Abstract It did not take too long before the politicians found the social media sites Twitter and Facebook as good ways to connect to the people and spread their politics. However, due to the somewhat personal origin of these sites, how much of their personal lives do they include within their political reasons for being there? How do they balance the combination of presenting their political and professional self and the personal self? That is what this thesis aim to find out. This is not the first research about political communication on social media, but most of the research in this field has focused on the social media communication during an election. This research however, aims to expand this knowledge by gathering material from a non-election period in order to investigate the day-to-day political communication on social media. Due to the length and structure of this thesis I limit my aim and topic to investigating one politicians social media use and thereby making it a case study. Using an interpretive coding with a grounded approach method I investigated Norway’s Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg’s communication on Twitter and Facebook during the year 2012. By applying theories about visibility, the presentation of the self, image creation and political communication, the aim is to understand how Stoltenberg use these social media sites.